Struggle For Life Research Articles

RURAL SETTLEMENTS FROM OTTOMAN ANATOLIA: THE CASE OF THE DISTRICT OF KIRELI OF KONYA OF 1845

This research article is based mainly on Ottoman archival data of 1845. They are manuscripts, written in Ottoman
 Turkish. Ottoman government needs cash in the years of 1820s due to wars with Russia and Iran. To achieve this,
 the state demands extra taxes from all peasants of Anatolia. In this study, the economic situation of 22 small Muslim
 villages of the district of Kıreli of Konya of Anatolia was examined in outline. Agriculture and livestock were the main
 means of livelihood for the Muslim peasants. However, with the increase of the population, the economic resources
 were not enough for the Muslim peasants and the nomads (Yörük) living in this region. Many men had to leave their
 villages and went to the large cities to earn struggle for life. Ottoman administration founds them there and also
 taxes the labor. This was a very heavy practice for them. In the region, most villages were abandoned. The peasants
 had to be content with only rural resources. The vacant agricultural lands were immediately planted by the surrounding
 peasants.

Experiences of parents whose school-aged children were treated with therapeutic hypothermia as newborns: A focus group study.

To describe parents' past and present experiences of their newborn infant's therapeutic hypothermia (TH) treatment after perinatal asphyxia 10-13 years after the event. Newborn infants are treated with TH following perinatal asphyxia to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes. A qualitative descriptive design using focus groups (FGs). Twenty one parents to 15 newborn infants treated with TH between 2007 and 2009 participated in five FGs. The FGs were transcribed verbatim and analysed using framework approach. The SRQR checklist was followed for study reporting. Two main categories were identified: hardships and reliefs during TH treatment and struggles of everyday life. Both categories include three subcategories, the first: (1) concern and gratitude for the unrecognized treatment, (2) insufficiency of information and proposed participation and (3) NICU nurses instilled security and hope. The second with subcategories: (1) unprocessed experiences of the TH treatment, (2) later challenges at school and (3) existential and psychological challenges in everyday life. TH of their newborns affected the parents psychologically not only during the treatment, but lasted months and years later. Information and communication with health care professionals and school management were inefficient and inadequate. The parents' concerns could be prevented by an improved identification and understanding of the problems and the needs of the infants and their families before discharge. Through more personalized and efficient preparation and communication by the nursing staff before discharge, many of the parents' worries and problems could be reduced. Check-up of parents' needs of psychosocial support before and after discharge and offering counselling should become routine. Also, nurses at Well-Baby Clinics and in school health care should receive knowledge about TH treatment and the challenges the children and the parents experience. Participation of parents was limited to the data provided through interviews.

Learning Social Justice From Ambedkar's Short Animation Video

The life and work of Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar, a prominent Buddhist activist and scholar, have not only left behind a lasting legacy of ideas and access to social justice for the Indian people, but also served as a source of inspiration for citizens across the globe. Regrettably, many young Indonesians, particularly those in the Buddhist community, are unfamiliar with his life story. Consequently, this study seeks to describe the use of a short biographical animation video about Ambedkar's life in the Religious Studies curriculum at Kertarajasa Buddhist College (STAB Kertarajasa). This short biographical animation video will be employed as a teaching tool to explore topics related to religious diversity around the world and the role of religion as a driving force for social change. Through this case study, the objective of this lesson is to enhance students' understanding of the various expressions of religion worldwide, with a particular emphasis on Hinduism and Buddhism in India. Additionally, Ambedkar's powerful vision for achieving social justice provides guidance for prospective teachers in cultivating a critical mindset. The ability to think critically is crucial for aspiring educators, as they must be proactive agents of change. By fostering a critical mindset, these prospective teachers will be better equipped to embrace change and develop innovative and creative solutions. This paper outlines a learning best practice that utilizes a case study of Ambedkar's life struggle as a means of promoting social equality, religious freedom, and critical education for student-teachers at a Buddhist college through digital storytelling.
 Key words: Ambedkar, Buddhism, Philosphy of Education, Religious Studies, Religious Dialog, Social Justice.

Identity and alienation in Coming From Behind: a Jewish intellectual in academy

This study analyzes Howard Jacobson’s campus novel, Coming From Behind (1983) in terms of its protagonist’s struggle in academic life and the reasons and outcomes of that struggle. The protagonist, Sefton Goldberg is a Jewish British academic of English literature. His disappointments in his career and his relationships with other academics and his students, when evaluated through an existentialist point of view, as this study suggests, reveal much about a Jewish intellectual’s psychology and his position in academic world, as well as the condition of humanities and literature departments and how they are viewed in the contemporary university life. As a Jewish scholar and an intellectual, Goldberg is sure that his identity plays an important role in his academic career, personal relationships and psychology. Goldberg believes that his identity is the main reason behind his supposed alienation in the academic world. This study examines whether Goldberg has the standards that an intellectual should have according to philosophers and authors like Antonio Gramsci, J.P. Sartre and Edward Said. Secondly, the study focuses on how this intellectuality of Goldberg helps him to cope with the supposed alienation he faces because of his identity. Finally, this study sheds light on the problematic academic life of a Jewish British scholar through the lens of an existentialist view and argues that Goldberg’s identity can only be a hindrance on his path to success and happiness, not an absolute obstacle.

Where's the bathroom in this “mobile home”? Adding Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure to agendas on homelessness and digital media

Although access to water and sanitation have been recognized by the United Nations as human rights since 2010, that access continues to be a site of struggle in everyday life, especially among homeless populations. In this paper, we draw from two summers of a fieldwork-based course on homelessness and Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene in Denver, Colorado to consider whether a Google Map of public restrooms in the city might be useful for unhoused people. The paper's conceptual framework stems from Hartmann's idea of “homing”—which refers to how digital media can help unhoused people create everyday routines, exercise some control over their lives and spaces, and gradually create a safe environment—to consider whether the Google Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Map might help unhoused people integrate bathroom access into routines, rounding out the so-called “mobile home” to provide relief and personal agency. The effort runs up against digital literacy issues that mitigate “access” and point to the limits of techno-solutions. This paper points to the need to consider both media literacies and inclusive design in creating digital solutions to address issues faced by unhoused people. We also argue that planners should think holistically about how digital and telecom-focused “solutions” relate to other necessary infrastructures—in this case, public toilets and water access.

To Los Angeles: United in Grief, United in Struggle

I honor Black struggle for life and living in Los Angeles's panoptic landscape by detailing how it has led me to the work of Mike Davis and visions for abolition.

Favored Races in the Struggle for Life: Racism and the Speciation Concept.

Evolutionary speciation, whether it be cladistic or phyletic, has always been associated with race concepts. Biological races are conceived as definable stages of divergence from a common ancestor. However, the species concept in Western science began within a special creationist framework. The sixteenth century European voyages of discovery resulted in special creationist schemes explaining the origin of the new peoples encountered. These were designed to provide the moral justification for their colonization and enslavement. By the seventeenth century, European naturalists were beginning to seriously question the meaning of the variation within the animals and plants they observed within the context of God's role in creation. By the middle of the nineteenth century, "the species question" was the most important intellectual enterprise within biology. Here I discuss how notions of speciation influenced and were influenced by conceptions of race within Homo sapiens.

Snow White’s Characterization in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs by Vera Southgate and Regis Maine: A Comparison from Liberal Feminists’ Perspectives

Women in society experienced unequal treatment due to their genders which aroused women's actions to fight for opportunities. The ideology of feminism concerns the life struggles of women to encounter the patriarchal culture and reach gender equality. This study is aimed to analyze and compare the characterizations of Snow White based on feminists' perspective. The subject of this research is Snow White as the main character in two different versions. The study employed textual analysis and revealed that Snow White with positive femininity, such as beautiful, diligent, and expressive, and negative femininity, such as dependent. The data analysis will be presented in three parts, including the similarities, the differences, and the comparison of Snow White's characterizations based on feminists' perspectives. The research will follow the qualitative analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. However, in the story by Regis Maine, Snow White is described as more feminist than Vera Southgate's character. It can be concluded that Snow White in the story by Regis Maine is more feminist than Snow White in the story by Vera Southgate due to the masculine and feminine traits which could be used to encounter the patriarchal culture and reach gender equality.

The Existence of Women in the Short Story “Forever Love” By Helvy Tiana Rosa

Forever love"is a short story by Helvy Tiana Rosa that discusses women's struggles in social life. The aim is to describe the existence of women in the social system, family and environment. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative research type and an existential feminist approach. The data were obtained from excerpts from the short story "Forever Love". The research technique was carried out in stages, namely determining data sources, collecting data, and grouping data. Data analysis techniques were carried out in stages such as reducing research data, presenting research data, and concluding research data. Based on the research results, researchers can find that women are inspirational about love, friendship, and hard work.

God is my inheritance: The voice of the woman in Psalm 16

Differing with most scholars Psalm 16 was a personal lament Psalm voiced by a woman, with the central theme being, God is the portion of my inheritance. The concluding statement was revealed to us through the use of poetic criticism on Psalm 16. Poetic criticism is a new method of reading lament Psalms through the careful observation of elements contained in the lament Psalms, such as lament, feeling, the concept of God and mood of the text. The application of poetic criticism on Psalm 16 by studying the elements of the lament, feeling, concept of God, and changes of mood, has shown us that the psalmist successfully faced the struggles of life when she lost her husband and as a result, her inheritance, because God is her inheritance. In and through her suffering the psalmist was able to know God as her portion of inheritance.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This research helps the readers understand the involvement of women in arranging the Psalms in the spiritual lives of Israel and Psalms can be studied now from feminist perspective.

STRUGGLE IN DAVE PELZER’S NOVEL THE LOST BOY

This study aims at revealing struggle for life depicted in Dave Pelzer’s novel The Lost Boy. This study applied a qualitative research method in analyzing. Analyzing the data comprises gathering data, making interpretations, and writing reports. This research adopts theory pioneered by Maizler who divided struggle into four kinds: positive, negative, inevitable, and chosen. The results of the study show that there are two dominant struggles depicted in the novel, namely positive and inevitable struggles. Both positive and inevitable struggle are found dominantly in the novel. Positive struggle is portrayed by the protagonist who deals with identity confusion since he has to adapt and to fit in with new environment. Inevitable struggle is when the protagonist deals with necessary loses inevitably. The protagonist has to move many times until he found the warmth of family love. It can be concluded that the protagonist in the novel clearly deals with two kinds of struggle, but positive struggle is presented in the study since it can be found dominantly in the novel.

Jasmine in the Search of Identity through a Postcolonial Diaspora Lens

Abstract Applying a postcolonial diaspora lens through Homi K. Bhabha’s theory of the ‘third space’ to Bharati Mukherjee’s novel Jasmine (1989), this paper aims to demonstrate how diasporic women negotiate for an identity in their struggle for a better life in the host land. Having ‘no home’ and ‘no host’, Mukherjee’s protagonist, Jasmine, whose life represents that of the postcolonial immigrant woman, finds an identity in the intercultural process, the ‘third space’. A discourse analysis of this novel and current knowledge of diaspora studies are applied to understanding immigrants’ challenges, postcolonial identity and diaspora-related cultural issues. The paper closely examines cultural hybridity, third space and women’s search for identity in these confrontations. It throws light on a widow’s life and how she tries to get away from the restrictions of home and redesign her identity in a third space in the context of feminism, diaspora and culture in a postcolonial and diasporic world.

Choose Compassion: Why It Matters and How It Works (2022) by James Kirby. University of Queensland Press. ISBN: 9780702265648

One of Australia’s leading compassion researchers, Dr. James Kirby employs science and real-world cases to argue that compassion is the most important human motivation to harness in today’s world. Citing the benefits of compassion training exercises for life struggles including self-criticism, shame, grief, parenting, depression, and anxiety, Kirby draws on findings from the University of Queensland’s Compassionate Mind Research Group, of which he is co-director. Debunking the myth that compassion is a soft or weak emotion, he examines fears, blocks, and resistances we and our clients may have to compassion, which he defines as the courageous and wise motivation to turn towards suffering and try to alleviate it. Reviewer Prof. Paul Gilbert, who developed compassion focused therapy, applauds how Choose Compassion: Why it matters and how it works (Kirby, 2022) takes on big themes, such as the inevitability of suffering and loss, and makes them understandable and accessible to readers. Despite climate change, mass extinctions, genocide, wars, and the capacity of humans to be callous and contradictory, Kirby’s message is ultimately one of hope.

Problematika Orang Kristen Masa Kini Dalam Bingkai Pelayanan Pastoral Konseling

The decline in the faith of some Christians today is one of the problems that often occurs. The influence of life's struggles which are quite heavy and difficult to resolve, sometimes some church members take alternatives that are not in accordance with God's will. one example is believing in supernatural things (paranormal) rather than trusting God in handling and solving the problem. This study aims to present ideas based on pastoral counseling in responding and providing solutions to problems that often occur in the lives of Christians today. This study uses a qualitative method with a library approach. The final conclusion from the author is that it should be acknowledged and trusted that pastoral counseling is one of the important figures in providing solutions to every spiritual problem that occurs in the lives of Christians today.

Seeing Through the In/Visible: Akagi Shūji and the Limits of ‘Environmental Restoration’

This essay will explore the material and affective dimensions of the ongoing disaster caused by TEPCO’s Fukushima Dai’ichi reactor meltdowns from the perspective of Akagi Shūji’s photography. Mobilizing Twitter to record the uncanny traces of Fukushima city’s decontamination and recovery efforts, Akagi’s photography affords a renewed consideration of the lived struggles and unsettled realities of the ongoing disaster. Akagi’s work challenges the ideologies of recovery by recording the residual traces of the state’s decontamination process. His photographs constitute a record of bodily encounters with the visible and invisible remnants of disaster, disclosing limits within Fukushima’s ‘environmental restoration’ and its representation. I will explore how Akagi ‘traces’ the processes of physical and affective labor at work in decontamination through the specific context of the Twitter platform. I consider the ways this work operates as a place-based praxis to incite multi-layered and indefinite forms of affect, meaning, and value, elaborated through the aporia of the processes of decontamination and ‘recovery,’ thus recasting the prospects of the ‘environmental restoration’ of Fukushima in a decidedly different light. This novel practice is read as an ethical-aesthetic response that captures the ongoing disaster’s manifold dimensions as an event rife with deeply unsettled futurities.

Racial Discrimination Reflected in the Figurative Languages of "Audre Lorde's Selected Poems"

This study aims to find out the types of figures of speech that reflect the life of black people and racial discrimination in three Audre Lorde's poems, entitled; Power, Coal, and The Black Unicorn. The theory used in this research is stylistics by Geoffrey Leech, which focuses on figurative language and also uses the theory of racial discrimination. This study uses a qualitative method and uses a content analysis approach because it uses poetry as data. The result shows from the 14 types of figurative languages, only 8 types were found in the poems; Allusion, Hyperbole, Parallelism, Irony, Personification, Simile, Symbolism, and Euphemism, with a total number of 17 data. Those data broadly have meanings related to the life struggles of back people. After that, the researcher found three kinds of racial discrimination in eight figurative languages namely; direct, indirect, and social life racial discrimination. From the three poems, it seems the poet uses figurative language in each of her poems to illustrate the rights and difficulties she faced and the poems are depictions of racial discrimination that causes struggles in the life of black people.

Reinterpretation of American Dream in Willa Cather's My Antonia

This article examines American Dream in a different viewpoint from the traditional one. Throughout My Antonia, Cather sets up the contrast between those characters who achieve American Dream of material success and those whose sense of fulfillment relies neither on fame, fortune, nor even on the competitive drive. Cather most fully explores this idea in the contrast between Antonia and Jim Burden. While My Antonia's other characters, including Jim, have progressively lost their sense of purpose, Antonia has defied all the odds and has created the thriving farm and family she always wanted. She has achieved victory over her own hard early life and the forces of nature which made an immense struggle of farm life in Nebraska. Cather seems far more cautious about associating material success with self-fulfillment. Antonia is Cather's first protagonist who is not, by the standards of her era, a material success. As a Bohemian immigrant who comes to Nebraska, she brings the traditions and values of her native country to her new corner of the world, and finally, Antonia achieves a happy balance between what Cather sees as “American” and “Old World” values. Antonia shapes a New American Dream that does not rely on material success yet celebrates the wealth of opportunity in America for each individual to achieve personal goals.

Securing conservation Lebensraum? The geo-, bio-, and ontopolitics of global conservation futures

The geographical concept of Lebensraum (“living space”) was coined most significantly by the German scholar Friedrich Ratzel towards the end of the nineteenth century. Through the lens of Lebensraum, Ratzel reformulated Darwin’s conception of evolution as a “struggle for life” into a “struggle for space”, highlighting how nonhuman species – as well as biologically conceived human 'races', nations, states, and empires – grew organically in space and colonized it. Although the concept attained considerable influence in the first half of the twentieth century, after World War II it largely fell into disrepute due to its various imperialist, colonialist, and fascist associations. Yet in some ways, contemporary academic debates concerning land and resource governance continue to implicitly or partially evoke the substance of certain Lebensraum conceptualizations. This is particularly so with respect to debates about global biodiversity conservation. Revisiting both Ratzelian and other fin de siècle theorizations of Lebensraum, we argue that contemporary efforts to reformulate conservation governance at the planetary scale risk amounting to a form of what we term “conservation Lebensraum”, or a globally-significant “struggle for conservation space”. Analysing the implications of conservation Lebensraum through a tripartite conceptual framework at the intersection of conservation biopolitics, geopolitics, and ontopolitics, we highlight how global biodiversity conservation initiatives seek to respond to multiple socio-ecological crises in the so-called Anthropocene. We end with a brief discussion of more socio-ecologically just alternatives to conservation Lebensraum, thereby contributing to critical conversations about the political ecology of emergent conservation futures.

An Exegesis of Teaching About Christian Maturity in James 1:1-15

When you experience a new birth, you will not automatically experience spiritual maturity. To achieve the journey to spiritual maturity requires a process. There is wisdom that will be the measure.James 3:13-18 offer an answer. James describes that wisdom from above is pure, peaceable, gentle, reasonable, full of mercy, good fruits, unwavering, without hypocrisy, righteousness, and peace. Wisdom, in the book of James, benefits individual and community (chapter 1 and 3). With wisdom will go through the various struggles of life.

Turner Family Stories: From Enslavement in Virginia to Freedom in VermontThe Most Costly Journey: Stories of Migrant Farmworkers in Vermont, Drawn by New England Cartoonists

Turner Family Stories: From Enslavement in Virginia to Freedom in VermontThe Most Costly Journey: Stories of Migrant Farmworkers in Vermont, Drawn by New England Cartoonists