Project Life Research Articles

DYADIC EFFECTS OF PERSONALITY AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN OLDER ADULTHOOD

Abstract Personality traits are associated with important life, work, and relational outcomes across the lifespan. Although personality has been implicated in models of relationship functioning, there has been relatively little research matching individual and partner personality characteristics to the frequency, quality, and variety of sexual experiences, particularly in older adulthood. The current study examined individual and spousal effects of the Big Five personality traits on sexual outcomes among 953 older opposite-sex couples followed from 2010/2011 to 2015/2016 as part of the National Social Life, Heath, and Aging Project (NSHAP; Mage = 70.60, SD = 7.92; 74.2% White, 12.2% Hispanic, 11.1% Black, and 2.5% other). Individual and spousal conscientiousness was associated with more frequent dyadic and solitary sexual activity and being part of a physically pleasurable and emotionally satisfying relationship. Those with higher levels of neuroticism and those married to spouses high in neuroticism expressed a lower preference for physical/sexual touch and cuddling, were less likely to report having a physically pleasurable and emotionally satisfying relationship, and were more likely to avoid having sex because of physical problems (and report more pain during sex). Longitudinal analyses suggested that most of these associations wavered in strength over time. The findings are discussed in the context of how relationship processes might mediate the link between personality characteristics and sexual outcomes or whether sexual outcomes promote relationship-enhancing characteristics depending on people’s personalities.

CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SLEEP DISTURBANCES, DEPRESSIVE AND ANXIETY SYMPTOMS

Abstract Introduction Older adults often experience elevated sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, the role of sleep disturbances in explaining individual variability in depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults is poorly understood. Methods The sample was derived from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative longitudinal study among American older adults. MCI was defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment scored less than 23. Subjective insomnia symptoms and objective sleep measures (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, percentage sleep) obtained from actigraphy were used. Validated measures on depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected both at round 2(N=645) and round 3(N=456). Multiple regressions were conducted to establish cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Cross-sectionally, compared to cognitively intact older adults, severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer depressive symptoms(B=0.40, p< 0.01) in older adults with MCI. Severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer anxiety symptoms(B=0.13, p< 0.01) in older adults, and no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. Longitudinally, insomnia symptoms at round 2 were associated with poorer depressive symptoms and poorer anxiety symptoms in older adults at round 3, but no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. No significant relationships were found between objective sleep disturbances and depressive/anxiety symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Conclusions The findings provide further insight into insomnia symptoms that may be associated with increased risks for developmental depressive and anxiety symptoms. These data suggest that targeting insomnia treatment may confer long-term mental health benefits.

SOCIAL ISOLATION AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN OLDER ADULTS WITH DIABETES

Abstract Social isolation is a notable influencing factor contributing to cognitive impairment in older adults with diabetes, leading to an increased risk of dementia. As the specific mechanisms by which social isolation affect cognitive health have not been fully understood, it is important to identify the underlying mechanisms. This study aims to examine the pathways between social isolation and the psychological mediators of cognitive impairment in older adults with type 2 diabetes. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project Wave 3 Database (2015-2016) of 725 older adults with diabetes aged 60 and over. The Social Disconnectedness Scale, Perceived Isolation Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Perceived Stress Scale were used. Structural equation modeling was employed to investigate the complex interplay of social isolation and psychological mediators with cognitive impairment. Bootstrapping procedures were used to assess significance of indirect effects through psychological mediators. The hypothesized model was supported with adequate fit to the data (CFI=0.90; RMSEA=0.05; SRMR=0.08). Social disconnectedness had an indirect effect on cognitive health through perceived isolation and perceived stress (γ= -0.122, p< 0.01). However, there was no significant indirect effect through anxiety and depressive symptoms. The model provides a framework for developing interventions to reduce cognitive impairment in socially isolated older adults with diabetes. Understanding the pathways between social isolation and cognitive impairment will provide a foundation for controlling modifiable factors to prevent the progression of dementia in older adults with diabetes.

FINDINGS FROM NSHAP: SOCIAL CONNECTEDNESS, HEALTH INDICATORS, MEDICATION EFFECTS, AND PREDICTING MORTALITY

Abstract The National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project’s broad range of both social measures, and objective and self-reported health measures enable detailed analysis of the intersections between these fundamental aspects of older adults’ lives. The papers in this symposium explore various aspects of these topics from different angles. The first explores employment as an important form of social participation, establishing that full-time employment among respondents is associated with better cognitive function, and less ADL and IADL difficulties. The second examines how social isolation affects men and women differently. Social Networks are the focus of the third paper and compare family to friendship ties. Using NSHAP’s unique medication log, Wilder examines sleep disturbances and the prevalence of respondents taking medications with somnolence as an adverse event, demonstrating the need for more research into how this might affect older adults’ health and well-being. Li uses NSHAP data to develop machine learning models to predict 10-year mortality of older adults in the US which perform with better accuracy than logistic regression.

LOCAL FAMILY AND FRIEND TIES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN AMONG OLDER ADULTS

Abstract Family members and friends who live nearby are likely valuable sources of support for older adults. At the same time, local family and friend ties may also be a source of strain as spatial proximity to close ties can generate more intense interactions. Using data from Round 3 (2015-2016) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) (N=3,615), this study examines how local family and friend ties reported in older adults’ social network roster are associated with instrumental and emotional support and social strain among community-dwelling older adults aged 50 and older. Results from ordered logistic regression models show that having a local friend tie is associated with higher levels of instrumental and emotional support from friends and lower levels of instrumental and emotional support from family. Having a local family tie, on the other hand, is associated with higher levels of instrumental support from family and lower levels of emotional support from friends. Having a local family tie is not related to emotional support from family or instrumental support from friends. Results also indicate that having a local friend tie increases the odds of reporting that friends make too many demands (i.e., higher friend strain) whereas having a local family tie is not a predictor of family strain. Together, results suggest that spatial proximity to friends and, to a lesser degree, family members are linked to how older adults experience social support and strain.

COGNITION MEASURES AND FINDINGS IN THE NATIONAL SOCIAL LIFE, HEALTH, AND AGING PROJECT

Abstract Good cognitive function is an important component of health at any age. Certain domains of cognition tend to decline with age and rates of change vary dramatically across individuals and across social groups. This Symposium examines a commonly-used clinical measure of cognition, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, adapted for survey use (MoCA-SA) and administered in two rounds of the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (2010 and 2015). It focuses especially identifying and evaluating differential functioning of the MoCA-SA across racial and ethnic groups, across modes of administration of the measure, within intimate dyads and as linked to sensory function. Iveniuk and colleagues examine race difference and find that 7 measures, out of the 18 used in NSHAP’s MoCA, formed a scale that was more robust to racial bias and suggest use of this modified measure to compare racial groups. Piedra and coauthors construct an abbreviated MoCA-SA (Spanish version) that compared favorably with the long form MoCA across the different grouping and showed predicative validity with consequential outcomes associated with cognitive decline. Pudelek and colleagues examine mode of assessment. web, phone, and PAPI or in-person interviews and describe an analytic strategy for obtaining a measure comparable across modes. Meiyi Li and Yiang Li find that women’s cognitive impairment adversely affects their partner’s social connectedness but husband’s impairment does not. Zhong et al find that odor identification was associated with some domains of cognition with differences in that association by age, gender, or race, but not by education.

DIMINISHED RETURNS OF PARENTAL EDUCATION ON COGNITION: EVIDENCE FROM THREE POPULATION STUDIES IN THE US

Abstract Mounting evidence suggests that the protective effects of one’s own higher socioeconomic status (SES) on health is diminished among minoritized racial/ethnic groups in the United States (U.S.) with respect to outcomes such as mortality, hospitalization and mental health. Extending this area of research to childhood SES and later life outcomes, this study examines whether the protective effects of higher parental education on cognition is diminished among Black adults relative to their non-Hispanic White peers. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, the Midlife in the U.S. Study, and the National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, I examine whether associations between parental education and two measures of cognition (episodic memory and global cognition) are moderated by race (non-Hispanic White or Black) using a random-effects individual participant data meta-analysis approach. I find evidence for a small, but robust, protective effect of higher parental education on both episodic memory and global cognition among White adults. Among Black adults, there was no association between parental education and neither episodic memory nor global cognition. This study provides evidence that the protective effect of higher parental education on cognition is not the same across racialized populations, consistent with the theory of Minority Diminished Returns. As scholars continue calls for life course-oriented efforts to reduce racialized cognitive disparities, it is important to consider early-life risk and protective factors in the context of structural racism.

ACCESS TO LOCAL ESTABLISHMENTS AND NEIGHBORHOOD PERCEPTIONS: A FOCUS ON THE ROLE OF LOCAL BANKING

Abstract As an increasing number of older adults are aging-in-place, individuals’ perceptions of their neighborhood environments have emerged as significant social-contextual issues for healthy aging. Prior studies have focused on how neighborhood characteristics shape perceptions of residential neighborhoods. Far less research has focused on the role of local banking, despite the intersections between local banking establishments and a host of key community social and economic resources, particularly for the older adult population. We use nationally representative data from older adults interviewed at Rounds 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (N=4,589) linked with the National Establishment Time Series database to examine neighborhood perceptions as a function of local banking establishment density. We find that older adults who live in areas with higher rates of banking establishments report significantly higher levels of neighborhood safety, even when adjusting for a host of individual and neighborhood characteristics. Importantly, other types of establishments also shape perceived neighborhood safety, however, the significance of certain associations only emerges when we adjust for the presence of local banking. We suggest that local banks may be a lynchpin in catalyzing the broader socioeconomic vitality of a place, supporting older residents’ favorable perceptions of neighborhood safety. We discuss the implications of our findings for inequality in aging in light of unequal access to local banking across social groups, potentially increasing the vulnerability of older adults who are less likely to adopt mobile banking solutions and who are more likely to be susceptible to financial exploitation.

A review of circular economy models and success factors on public-private partnership infrastructure development

PurposeThe application of circular economy (CE) has received wide coverage in the built environment, including public-private partnership (PPP) infrastructure projects, in recent times. However, current studies and practical implementation of CE are largely associated with construction demolition, waste and recycling management. Few studies exist on circular models and success factors of public infrastructures developed within the PPP contracts. Thus, the main objective of this article is to identify the models and key success factors associated with CE implementation in PPP infrastructure projects.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of the literature was undertaken in this study using forty-two (42) peer-reviewed journal articles from Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and PubMed.FindingsThe results show that environmental factors, sustainable economic growth, effective stakeholder management, sufficient funding, utilization of low-carbon materials, effective supply chain and procurement strategies facilitate the implementation of CE in PPP infrastructure projects. Key CE business models are centered around the extension of project life cycle value, circular inputs and recycling and reuse of projects.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the study presents relevant findings and gaps for further investigations, it has a limited sample size of 42 papers, which is expected to increase as CE gain more prominence in PPP infrastructure management in future.Practical implicationsThe findings are relevant for decision-making by PPP practitioners to attain the social, economic and environmental benefits of transitioning to circular infrastructure management.Originality/valueThis study contributes to articulating the key models and measures toward sustainable CE in public infrastructure development.

Social Representations of Suicide in Patients with Suicide Attempt Hospitalized in a Mental Health Institution

BACKGROUND: The suicide rate in the last 45 years has increased considerably in the world, being the frequency of attempted suicide 20 times higher than that of completed suicide. Pereira is one of the cities with the highest rates in the country. METHODS: This qualitative research uses grounded theory as an analysis method, obtaining the data through semi-structured open-type interviews with selective purposive sampling. The analysis of the interviews was done through the grounded theory method and the results are expressed through the theory of social representations. RESULTS: The findings of this research present the discourse of hospitalized patients with suicide attempt. According to social representations, family and derivatives are vital for individual development and their relationship with the environment. Dysfunctions in the family nucleus increase the risk of developing negative thoughts, which can later turn into suicidal behavior. Associated psychiatric pathologies, low self-esteem, relationship problems, sexual abuse and feelings of rejection are risk factors, while study, life projects, and spirituality are protective factors. No relationship was found regarding the consumption of psychoactive substances. CONCLUSION: The family is fundamental in the configuration of the individual and its role as a protective or risk factor in terms of suicide attempt depends on its functionality. It is suggested that work in the families could serve as a strategy for the prevention of the non-fatal suicidal act.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN’S SOCIAL COMPETENCE FORMATION

The article defines the essence of the category “social competence”, and characterizes its structural components. Thus, the structure of social competence includes motivational, cognitive, activity, and reflective components. Various approaches to defining the social competence of children of primary school age are represented. The peculiarities of primary school children’s social competence formation are analyzed, and its place in the system of key competencies of a modern personality is determined. Primary school children’s social competence formation is considered in the context not only of social education but also of socialization itself, as its final result.
 It has been proven that the primary school age is a sensitive period for social competence formation and active development, in particular through the implementation of socially significant activities. The role of primary school children’s socially significant activities in the development of their social competence is revealed, in particular, it is confirmed that joint collective activity and interpersonal relationships in the team significantly affect the level of social competence formation of the personality of the primary school children; therefore it is important to form a positive experience of cooperation.
 Pedagogical conditions for primary school children’s social competence formation in the conditions of the new Ukrainian school are outlined. Thus, one of the key conditions for primary school children’s social competence formation is the clear structuring of the teacher’s activities content, which will make it possible to develop a complete system of pedagogical actions and influences to increase the effectiveness of all components of social competence formation. A significant condition is also an open, integral, emotionally comfortable, subject-oriented, and ergonomic educational space. An equally important role in this process is played by the involvement of primary school children in public life and joint project activities.
 Based on the results of the research, a characteristic of a primary school child with a high level of social competence development, which is ensured by alternating different types of social activities, has been developed. The future direction of further research is defined in the implementation of the ideas of partner pedagogy during primary school children’s social competence formation.

Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Persediaan Barang Dagang Pada Toko Rianzi Menggunakan PHP Dan MySQL

the aim of this research is to determine the merchandise inventory accounting information system used by Toko Rianzi. This research method uses descriptive research by looking for theoretical research related to the merchandise inventory accounting information system. The data collection used was observation and interviews. The type of data used is quantitative data. The results of this research are expected to provide information regarding the merchandise inventory accounting information system. The design of this merchandise inventory accounting information system uses the system development method Dynamic System Development Method with 3 main stages, namely, before the project, project life cycle and after the project. As well as 5 sub stages (feasibility study, business study, model iteration, iteration design, manufacture and implementation). Discussion of design researchThis merchandise inventory accounting information system is expected to be able to makes it easier for Toko Rianzi to make inventory reports and financial reports.

Microstructure evolution and damage mechanisms of concrete-rock-composite corrosion in acid environment

The acidic groundwater poses a significant threat to the durability of engineering structures, primarily due to the combined effects of acid erosion. As an important material used in concrete engineering, the application of concrete-rock composite (CRC) under acid erosion and preloading conditions plays a crucial role in determining the service life of the engineering project. The present study investigates the specific impact of acid and preloading environment on CRC. This is achieved by measuring the mass loss, pH variation, changes in microstructure, and degradation of mechanical parameters. The results show that the pH in different solutions increases with the increase in soaking time, and the mass loss is greater with the decrease in pH in chemical solutions. The mass loss of the soaked CRC in the pH1, pH3, pH5, and pH7 solutions was 8.02 g, 5.98 g, 5.19 g and 2.72 g, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 spectra area and porosity of CRC increase with the increase in acidity of the chemical solution and immersion time. Moreover, the peak strength and elastic modulus of the CRC samples decrease after being treated with the acid solution and subjected to preloading. The mechanism of deterioration damage is analyzed, and a chemical damage model is established to predict the strength of CRC samples under various acid solutions. Therefore, the research can effectively evaluate the durability and operational lifespan of engineering structures in acidic solutions. This has significant reference value for engineering design, construction, monitoring and reinforcement.

Morally Problematic Situations Encountered by Adults Living With Rare Diseases

Background Rare diseases are generally poorly understood from scientific and medical standpoints due, to their complexity and low prevalence. As a result, individuals living with rare diseases struggle to obtain timely diagnoses and suitable care. These clinical difficulties add to the physical and psychological impacts of living with chronic and often severe medical conditions. From the standpoint of pragmatist ethics, the morally problematic situations that adults living with rare diseases experience matter crucially. However, there is little known about these experiences. Methods A survey study was conducted with 121 adults living with rare diseases in Québec, Canada, to identify morally problematic situations encountered in the healthcare system and everyday life as part of a participatory action research project. Morally problematic situations elicited internal tensions and constraints to agency. Results Adults living with rare diseases experienced morally problematic situations of stigmatization, disbelief, and sometimes abuse in the healthcare system. These situations were compounded by diagnostic delays, inadequate care, and suboptimal follow-up, and led some individuals to opt-out of medical care. In their personal lives, these individuals sometimes found themselves in situations of physical and financial dependency. They often also had to give up professional occupations, academic training, or life projects. Conclusions Adults living with rare diseases experience important morally problematic situations navigating the healthcare system and their everyday lives, some of which could be alleviated through interventions developed through future participatory action research.

Reclaim the Night(Life) – Sexual Harassment in the Night-Time Economy: Zine Making as Method and Participant-Led Data Analysis

This short reflective piece sets out the background to the Reclaim the (Night) Life project, an ongoing research project into sexual violence/harassment in the night-time economy of Leeds (UK). This initial output from the project, which has involved a team of five academics from the UK Centre for Event Management at Leeds Beckett University, is based on work produced at a co-creational zine-making workshop. The workshop involved a group of students, from the university, working with their lived experience and using the workshop to support them in undertaking some initial analysis of data captured from a prior online survey. Sociologically, the zine’s purpose is to share initial research findings in a way that could engage its target demographic (young women), give voice to some of their experiences, explore zine making as a form of data capture and participant-led data analysis, and act as a prevocational device for the next stages of the Reclaim the (Night)Life research project.

Picking pearls from the Silk Road: Insights into the spider (Arachnida, Araneae) diversity in Georgia from the Caucasus Barcode of life project. Part II

Abstract Spiders collected during field trips and by spontaneous hand collection throughout Georgia between the years 2006 and 2023 were determined to species and partially assisted by genetic barcoding of the COI gene. Among the resulting 297 species, 100 species, 25 genera, and 1 family were recorded from Georgia for the first time, of which 18 species and 5 genera were recorded for the first time from the entire Caucasus. Of the 283 barcoded specimens representing 150 species, 26 were barcoded for the first time. 140 diagnostic drawings of 76 preserved specimens, along with photos of 15 preserved (Supplementary File) and one alive species, are provided. Baryphyma proclive (Simon, 1884), Pritha pallida (Kulczyński, 1897), and Zelotes khostensis Kovblyuk & Ponomarev, 2008 are indicated as the species with an Italo-Caucasian disjunctive distribution.

Design bid build to integrated project delivery: Strategic formulation to increase partnering

COVID-19 pandemic has caused many design bid build projects to suffer losses. Design bid build or DBB has the disadvantage of depth partnering. The research purpose is to reveal the depth of partnering of DBB, the characteristics of existing partnering in DBB through detection in each project life cycle in DBB, then efforts to increase DBB partnering to partnering in integrated project delivery (IPD). The methodology used is secondary data from three project DBB, then validation using focused group discussions (FGD) with expert judgment, then the Delphi method to analyse and propose recommendations. This project recommends that DBB project can improve the project performance so stakeholder can increase partnering toward integrated project delivery (IPD) partnering. This research can be used for increasing partnering in DBB projects towards partnering in IPD. This research will produce strategic recommendations that can be utilized by stakeholders (owner, contractor, designer) in improving project performance to generate great value for the project, will result in long-term project sustainability, improve relationships, and learn valuable lessons for future projects. DBB projects usually experience many problems due to the competitive nature of partnering for owners, contractors, and designers, so it is necessary to develop an overall strategy as an option to improve partnering in DBB project contracts. This research will help create a sustainable project by the owner, contractor, and designer.

Mechanism of Regulation on the Marketing of the Breast–Milk Substitutes: a Lesson Learn from one Province in Northern of Thailand

Objectives: To investigate the existing model and mechanism for surveillance of the marketing of food for infants and young children in Phayao province, Thailand according to The Control of Marketing of Infants and Young Children Food Act, B.E. 2560 (2017). Method: This research was a qualitative research study which collected data through an in-depth interview and a focus group with 7 informants: officers of Phayao Provincial Public Health Office, registered nurses, public health technical officers, and consumer network officers. Results: Phayao province had a control model and mechanism on the marketing of food for infants and young children according to The Control of Marketing of Infants and Young Children Food Act, B.E. 2560 (2017) as follows: (1) For passive surveillance, there was a complaint center at the Provincial Public Health Office as the main coordinator to receive complaints and prepare files of violation cases. (2) Active surveillance included visits to target places such as shops and child development centers, and visits to enforce maternal and child health standards. Finally, (3) networking and knowledge dissemination were implemented through the first 1,000 miracle days of life project. The implementational model for controlling the marketing of food for infants and young children should be as follows: (1) Be compliant with laws. (2) Determine clear policies at the departmental levels. (3) Work collaboratively at the provincial, district, and subdistrict levels. (4) Increase participation of related people for surveillance of offences. (5) Empower operational networks, entrepreneurs, and other people to gain knowledge and be compliant with the law in a suitable way. (6) Use communication technology to support implementation. Conclusion: Phayao province has a model and mechanism to control the marketing of food for infants and young children in compliance with the law. The model and mechanism should be developed according to the area contexts to support the implementation to be more effective.

Impact of Technology in Financial Management

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Changes in maternal psychological symptom profiles from 2 to 6months postpartum: an application of latent transition analysis.

To identify subgroups of postpartum women with different psychological symptom profiles at 2 and 6months postpartum and to examine how they transition between symptom profiles over time using latent transition analysis (LTA). We used secondary data from the Family Life Project (N = 1,117) and performed LTA based on observed variables (depression, anxiety, somatization, and hostility). We examined transition probabilities and changes in latent status prevalence from 2 to 6months postpartum. Considering the known influences of social determinants of health on psychological symptoms, bivariate analyses were conducted to describe the characteristics of different transition patterns. A 3-class model with better fit indices, entropy, and interpretability was selected. Based on symptom severity, the identified profiles were Profile 1: Low, Profile 2: Moderate, and Profile 3: High. From 2 to 6months postpartum, the prevalence of low symptom profile decreased (82 to 78.2%) while the prevalence increased for moderate (15.8 to 17.5%) and high symptom profiles (2.2 to 4.4%). For all profiles, it was most likely for postpartum women to stay in the same profile from 2 to 6months (low to low, moderate to moderate, and high to high). Those in persistent or worsening transition patterns were significantly younger or had less social support or education. Postpartum women in moderate or high symptom profiles at 2months were most likely to stay in the same profile at 6months postpartum, indicating persistent symptom burden. Clinicians should consider providing early, targeted support to prevent persistent symptom burden.