Livelihoods Of Rural People Research Articles

COPING DECISION, STRATEGIES AND RURAL HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE IN COTE D'IVOIRE

Shocks are ubiquitous in the daily life of rural people in Côte d'Ivoire, like many other developing countries. These shocked households have to choose between coping or not. With data from the Household Standard of Living Survey in Côte d'Ivoire (ENV2015), we use a probit model to analyze the factors influencing the decision of rural households to cope or not and then we identify the dominant strategies of these households facing shocks. A logit model allows us to understand the impact of the strategic choices made by these households on their well-being. We find that only health shocks have a positive influence on household’s coping decision. Also, for these various shocks (health shocks, natural shocks, economic shocks and shocks related to conflicts / crimes), the dominant strategies are the reduction of consumption, then the receipt of donations and borrowing. However, it is the reduction of food consumption, borrowing and the sale of assets that have a positive impact on these households welfare approximated by their poverty status.

Forms and usage of indigenous knowledge as tools to improve the quality of life in Idemili South Local Government Area Anambra State, Nigeria

The study investigatedthe forms of indigenous knowledge (IK) and how their utilization determines the quality of life of people in Idemili South Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. While the main objective of the research wasto investigate how the forms and usage of indigenous knowledge improve the quality of life of people in Nigeria, the specific objectives were: to identify the forms of indigenous knowledge in Nigeria, examine the use of indigenous knowledge in Nigeria and determine the quality of life of rural people in Nigeria. Adopting a survey research design, a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 287 rural dwellers whose age range was between 20-65years from seven (7) communities as respondents for the study. The questionnaire hadthree sections A-C. The questions were tested for validity and reliability using the Cronbach‟s alpha test. One of the major findings was that appropriate use of the identified forms of IK significantly improve the quality of life of rural people. The study recommended, among others, that libraries and librarians should endeavor to preserve and disseminate IK in Nigeria in order to rekindle interests in indigenous knowledge as a research domain intended to improve the quality of life of the rural people.

Evaluating the lifestyle impact of China’s rural housing land consolidation with locational big data: A study of Chengdu

Housing land consolidation and relocation has been widely implemented in rural China as a policy tool to reduce the area of built-up land, reclaim agricultural land, and redistribute the use of land. Despite of the large scale of implementation, the impact of this policy on the daily life of rural people is not sufficiently evaluated. Our work aims to fill in this gap by examining the daily activity pattern of rural residents in consolidated and unconsolidated villages through mobile phone locational data, using the Chengdu city-region as the case. One week’s locational data from all phone users of China Unicom was used. We found that housing land consolidation do not necessarily harm the daily life of rural residents, which has been a main concern of many research.

Diverse Role of Women for Natural Resource Management in India

Natural resources are means to satisfy human wants which exist in natural environment and which are available without any type of human endeavour. The degradation of natural resources such as land, water, forest etc. may have an adverse impact on livelihood of rural people. The present review paper determines diverse roles of women for management of various natural resources in India. Vigorous participation of women in decisions and activities related to conservation and well-organized utilization of renewable and non-renewable natural resources is solution of this world wide issue i.e., natural resource degradation. Over exploitation and botched utilization of natural resources can be protected in India through involvement of women in policies and programs made for natural resource management. They will also serve as a treasure of indigenous information for conserving natural resources.

Using Stanford’s Design Thinking Model at the Rural Village Level

A case history of a rural workshop using the Stanford Design Thinking Model in a -remote part of the Rio San Juan Nicaragua. The program is run under UNICAM UNAN-Managua believed to be the largest program of its kind.
 It is a chance to see how both facilitators and participants can learn in very simple settings. It is a chance to understand what kinds of things are impacting the lives of rural people in their quest for the basics of existence such as food and water.
 Most of all it is a living action of the dream of bringing top level education to the rural people of Nicargua. All the action takes place in a simple rancho at the edge of the Rio San Juan where participants come by canoe, and by foot.

Gao Village Revisited: The Life of Rural People in Contemporary China, by Mobo C. F. Gao. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2018. vii+285 pp. US$30.00 (paper).

<i>Gao Village Revisited: The Life of Rural People in Contemporary China</i>, by Mobo C. F. Gao. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 2018. vii+285 pp. US$30.00 (paper).

Impact of ASA NGO's Microcredit Program on Livelihood of Rural People in Mymensingh District, Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to see the effect of microcredit provided by the ASA NGO on the rural poor clients in Sadar upazila of Boira Union in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. The study identified the extent of income generating activities, the adequacy, utilization pattern, repayment performance and cost of credit of the beneficiaries’ especially rural poor. A total of 50 rural ASA beneficiaries were collected where 30 from Boira and 20 from Chalk-chatrapur. In the study area, average amount of credit received by the respondents was Tk. 9614.60 and on an average 86.59 percent of the loaned money was utilized for the reported IGAs. Overall loan recovery percentage was found to be quite satisfactory. They repaid their loan on time with the hope of getting more credit in future and because of regular supervision by the association’s field level workers and pressure of the group leaders. Six explanatory variables i.e. age, education, family size, occupation, income and expenditure were considered for repayment of loan in empirical model. Age, family size, income and expenditure had significant impact on repayment of loan. Overall income and savings change by taking loan from ASA were 36.04 and 68.69%, respectively. The findings show that ASA loan brought about positive impact on livelihood improvement of the borrowers. The present study suggests for conducting further study of similar type in other parts of the country to make the findings representative one.

Cost, Return, and Profitability of Vegetable Seed Production in Western Rukum, Nepal

Vegetable seeds are high-value and low-volume products, and one of the promising sub-sectors for improving agricultural production, poverty reduction, and food security in Nepal. It is an extremely prioritized sector for uplifting livelihood of rural people. Due to an increase in the area under vegetable production for both the main and offseason, and replacement of locally produced seeds by the improved varieties, there is an increase in the vegetable seed demand. Nevertheless, only 50% of the national demand for vegetable seeds was met by domestic production. Western Rukum has long been known as the area with the most potential for vegetable seed production in Nepal. In this regard, this study was executed to assess the cost, return, and profitability of major vegetable seed production in the district. Altogether 201 sample households were selected using simple random sampling in 2017. The primary data were collected from household survey using a pre-tested semi-structured survey schedule and verified from a focus group discussion. The study showed that 13 types of vegetable seeds had been producing in the study area. Among them, onion seed, cauliflower seed, radish seed, and pea seed were primarily grown. The research revealed that all the major four vegetable seeds were profitable subsectors, where, cauliflower was the most profitable vegetable seed crop with B:C 1.78, followed closely by onion seed (1.68), radish seed (1.52), and pea seed (1.27). In contrast, the onion seed had the highest gross margin (NPR.121,682) per ha followed closely by cauliflower seed (NPR.117,136), radish seed (NPR.47,640), and pea seed (NPR.27,131). There is an opportunity to meet national demand, and to boost the local economy by promoting vegetable seed enterprises in the study area. The concerned stakeholders and policymakers need to focus on enhancing market linkage and farmers' technical know-how to promote vegetable seed production.

“Livelihoods and health hazards: With special reference to reproductive health of rural women

Health is considered as a fundamental human right. It is a country where 68.80% of the population resides in a rural area and males significantly outnumber females. Health is considered as a fundamental human right. Health of women is not merely a state of physical well being but also an expression of many roles they play as wives, mothers, health care providers in the family and in the changed scenario even as wage earners. Reproductive health implies that people including men and women are able to have a satisfying safe sex life and they have the capability to reproduce and the freedom to decide if, when and how often to do so. It includes family planning services, access to contraception, counseling and information, antenatal, postnatal and delivery care, healthcare for infants, treatment for reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted diseases, safe abortion services where legal and management of abortion related complications, prevention and appropriate treatment for infertility, information, education and counseling on human sexuality, reproductive health and responsible parenting and discouragement of harmful practices. Health plays important role in the generation of livelihoods of rural people in general and women in particular. Reproductive Health of women is neglected area and new reproductive health problems are increasing such as infection in uterus, breast cancer, and sexually transmitted disease. Well being of reproductive health of rural women enhances the chances of livelihood of rural women. The present study addresses all the issues concerning with livelihoods and reproductive health and this study was carried in Solapur and Kolhapur districts of Western Maharashtra. The objectives of study are to understand the socio-economic background of selected rural women for proposed project and to know the issues related rural women's reproductive health and availability of reproductive health care in rural areas. 200 married women respondents in age group of 18–25 were selected for study. Still fifty percentage of rural women are only unaware about the reproductive health and gender discrimination should be addressed and it is necessary to create the awareness about reproductive health among males

Impact Analysis of Rural Interventions by SKDRDP: A Case of Kisan Melas

In recent decades, non-government organisations (NGOs) increasingly play multiple roles effectively while acting as the bridge between the government organisations (GOs) and the grassroots population. Hence, the government is increasingly relying on these organisations in reaching many of the rural development schemes and fi nancial inclusion drive at the village level. Shri Kshetra Dharmasthala Rural Development Project (SKDRDP) is one such leading NGO which strives towards transforming the lives of rural people through several rural intervention programmes. One of the several rural intervention programmes of SKDRDP to attain collective sustainable rural development is Krishi Melas (Kisan Melas/agricultural fairs). SKDRDP organises Krishi Melas since 1984 at different levels and intervenes in the lives of farmers and rural people with the objective of inclusive and balanced rural development. The present research attempted to study SKDRDP Krishi Mela Model, strategic perspectives of various activities under Krishi Melas, the mechanism of executing the events and more signifi cantly the extent to which Krishi Melas have impacted the rural community. The study has procured data from secondary and primary sources. The study is exploratory and empirical in nature. While analysing the primary data, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) are used. The model extracted from this exercise reveals that Krishi Mela interventions have a signifi cant impact on the empowerment of rural people, agricultural development, financial and economic well-being, and also immensely contribute to building social capital. The results of the study have significant implications for the organisation and policymakers.

PERKEMBANGAN PEMBANGUNAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI MELAKA, 1957-1980

The agricultural sector is no stranger to the economic development of Malacca. After the country's independence, the agricultural sector remained the main thrust of Melaka's economic growth, especially for rubber and rice crops. It has been proven that these three types of crops have been major contributors to Malacca's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the 1960s to the 1980s. Although the initial focus on the development of the agriculturalsector in Malacca has been to increase agricultural productivity, however, the Government does not Malacca neglects the focus on improving the social life of rural people under agricultural development strategies. Therefore, this study aims to highlight how agricultural development conducted by the Malacca Government has improved the standard of living of the rural population from 1957 to 1980. 1957 was chosen as the starting point for this study because it marked the country's independence year. While this research was completed in 1980 before commencement of in-house agricultural development through the Melaka Integrated Agricultural Development Plan in early 1981. The focus of this study will be to explore strategies implemented by the Malacca governmentthrough agricultural programs introduced throughout the period. The research used qualitative method such as several sources and data obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia, the National Archives of Malaysia Branch of Melaka, the State Library of Malacca, and the University of Malaya Library and the Chief Minister's Department of Malacca. Based on the findings of the study, overall, agricultural development strategies in Malacca have been successfully implemented despite the obstacles. Changing the standard of living of rural people in Malacca has begun to see dramatic changes after the implementation of agricultural development plans since independence. Received: 12 December 2019 Reviewed: 12 December 2019 Accepted: 28 December 2019

Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Communities’ Livelihoods around Chilimo Forest, West Shewa, Ethiopia

In recent decades there has been growing interest in the contribution of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for rural people livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation. However, as to the knowledge of the present researcher, limited studies have been done to analyze the role of non-timber forest products for rural livelihood diversification. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify main NTFPs used by local communities around Chilimo Forest. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine socioeconomic factors influencing collection of NTFPs in the study area. Multistage sampling techniques were used for the study. Data for the study was generated through household survey comprising of 313 respondents selected through simple random technique and substantiated by in-depth interviews of key informants, focus group discussion and field observation. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were used to analyze and summarize data. The results revealed that, crop production, animal husbandry, non timber forest product and non-farm activities were the major livelihood strategies in the study area. On average, income from NTFPs accounted for 29.34% of total household income. The commonly collected NTFPs were firewood, charcoal, grasses, herbal medicine and honey. The study found that, households derived a significant portion of their income from the collection of NTFPs; however income derived from the collection of NTFPs significantly influenced with gender, family size and wealth status while age, education, marital status and distance from forest were found to have no significance association with income sourced from NTFPs. This study also revealed that, enrichment planting of the most utilized tree species, participatory forest management and setting of harvesting levels and cycles in Chilimo forest reduce impacts on plant species that are in high demand by local communities. The findings suggest that NTFPs play an important role in supporting livelihoods, and therefore provide an important safety net for households throughout the year particularly during periods of hardship. Therefore the current research would be useful in preparing an ecologically viable policy for the subsistence of forest dwellers and better management of the forest resources in Chilimo forest. Keywords: Chilimo forest, non timber forest product, rural community socio-economic factors DOI : 10.7176/JNSR/9-22-04 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

Research on the Development Strategy of Rural Logistics in China Post

Through the analysis of the current situation of rural logistics development, we find that there are many problems in the development of rural logistics in China: imperfect infrastructure, incomplete use of information systems, the development of rural logistics can not be connected with the city, and the logistics system of rural development is chaotic; through the analysis, we find that China Post has a very strong advantage in rural logistics, according to economic development. The exhibition situation is divided into logistics services, specialization services, and then through the platform of Postal Music Network, new retail mode is introduced to let agricultural products come out and commodities go in. China Post through promotes the platform of Postal Music Network, and constantly improves the platform. Information system and logistics are seamlessly docked, so that rural e-commerce development can drive rural logistics, promote rural economic development, and further improve the quality of life of rural people.

KARABİBİK HİKAYESİNDE SOSYOKÜLTÜREL TESPİTLER

Civilization is a concept formed by socio-cultural values. Sociocultural values include values that determine the lifestyle of society, such as language, religion, beliefs, customs and customs. One of the most important sources of Turkish civilization is the sociocultural values in Anatolian villages. The literary, historical and sociological works on social and cultural life in the Anatolian countryside are limited. The works of this period should be analyzed in a sociocultural context. The first village novels and stories of Turkish literature reflect the socio-cultural life of the rural people living in the countryside. In this study, Karabibik, which is one of the first village stories, is analyzed in sociocultural context. The most important feature of the story is that it is realist. The author, Nabizâde Nâzim, was in the region in 1889 to remove the topography of Antalya. The story weave of the story is to pass through the villages and towns of Antalya. In the story, heroes are spoken according to their mouth characteristics. The story also gives information to the reader about important historical places and objects. n this respect, the story is capable of contributing to the real resources. Karabibik also describes the misery, ignorance and cultural degeneration in which the late Ottoman peasant was involved. The main purpose of this research is to reveal the sociocultural characteristics of the first village novels and stories. Document analysis method was used in the study. The research is limited to Karabibik, which is among the first village stories of Turkish literature. As a result of the study, As a result of the research, it was found that Karabibik reflects the sociocultural life of the pre-Republican Anatolian people.

Sustainable Aquaculture Futures

Sustainable Aquaculture Futures

PINJAMAN TUNDA TEBANG HUTAN RAKYAT: SIAPA YANG MENGAKSES? (Studi Kasus: Hutan Rakyat di Bojonegoro)

Trees are important for rural people livelihood, because of its function as savings for urgent need. The recognition function of trees has increase by using it as collateral to access loan. The aim of this study is to discover the household and smallholder private forest characteristic that acces delaying timber harvesting loan for smallholder private forest (PTT-HR) in Bojonegoro, Indonesia as one of the loan scheme using trees as collateral initiate by Public Service Agency of Ministry of Environment and Forestry (BLU KLHK). About 170 farmers were involved in this study which is devided into two groups; debtors and non-debtors Result of this studies indicate that farmers accessing this loan are from prosperous farmer, which characterized by young aged, high education level, have the main job not as farmers, have greater household income, wider total area owned, forest relatively far from house, and do not having experience of logging. This condition also supported by the result of poverty level determination from World Bank which indicate only 27% farmer with poor condition who access this scheme. According to the perspective of formal lending institution, giving loan to prosperous farmer is not risky, but according to the program perspective this condition is less suited to poverty alleviation missions

Factors Influencing the Engagement of Rural Youths in Off-Farm Income Generating Activities in Developing Countries: Evidence from Ethiopia, Wolaita Zone

Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world with high rate of unemployment of youths. This rate is higher in rural than urban areas. Income generating activities play a vital role to improve the livelihood of rural people in developing countries. Many rural youths are faced with difficulty of maintaining livelihoods and consequently, poverty remains pervasive among them. The paper examined the engagement of rural youths in off-farm or non-agricultural income generating activities as well as factors influencing their involvement in Soddo and Areka towns in wolaita zone, Ethiopia. The purposes of this research are to explicitly enquiry and consider aspects that are influencing the engagement of rural youths in off-farm income generating activities in Sodo and Areka towns in wolaita zone. The study was utilized causal research design to achieve the research objectives. The target population under study is all youth groups in the ten off-farm income generating activities in both Sodo and Areka towns. The study was conducted from July 2018 to August 2019. In this study, primary and secondary data types and sources were used. The instruments to collect primary data were questionnaires. Sample size was 306 which determined by using Yamane (1967) formula and individual informants were selected via stratified random sampling technique. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by the aid of SPSS. V.16. The finding of the study showed that the variables (entrepreneurial, technology, institutional, cultural, financial, socio-economical, psychological and infrastructural factors affecting the engagement of rural youths off-farm income generating activities both in Sodo and Areka towns in Wolaita zone, Ethiopia which were explained the variance of 73.7% and 26.3% of the variance was explained by other factors which are not the part of this study variables. Hence, stakeholders who focus on the engagement, promotion, encouragement and expansion of off-farm income diversification are expected to enhance entrepreneurial and psychological motivation to the youths.

Correlates of rural development: A case study of Sadar development block of Pratapgarh District in Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract Rural development aims at improving the quality of life of rural people, and in the process infrastructure variables play a crucial role. India is the second most populous country in the world and the majority of its population lives in rural areas. Rural development has been India’s prime concern ever since the time of independence, and several strategies and plans were implemented from time to time to achieve a better level of development. However, neither top-down, nor bottom-up strategies of development could bring the desired changes. This article attempts to identify some correlates of rural development and tries to understand why the desired level and pattern of development could not be achieved even after seven decades of the planning process. The study analyses the case of ‘Sadar’ development block of Pratapgarh district in Uttar Pradesh. The analysis of 10 selected variables reveals that there is a vast disparity in the level of development in the study area. However, the study shows that lack of basic education, health and credit facilities is the cause of this disparity and poor level of development. In view of the findings the author suggests that a ‘local resource-oriented development strategy’ should be adopted to ensure the holistic development of the rural areas.

Transport and Accessibility Challenges Facing the Rural People Living Along Feeder Roads in Ghana

This paper examines the accessibility and mobility needs of communities living along feeder roads in Ghana. It adopts a qualitative research approach where a total of eighteen (18) expert interviews were undertaken across Ghana from 2015 to 2017. In addition, primary data was collected by conducting five focus group discussions in five rural communities in two regions in Ghana. In all, a total of seventy-two (72) participants were involved during the focus group discussions. The study first found that Ghana has enough feeder roads as compared to other countries in the sub-region. From the responses, what needs to be done is to improve the level of services. This means that there is the need to improve the surface conditions and make sure that a lot of them are in good shape all year round. The responses gathered point to the fact that most rural or feeder roads are not appraised before their construction, and that may account for the reason why transport investments are not factored into the plan of most feeder roads. It is interesting to note that most of the roads that were appraised were either funded by donor partners or development partners other than government institutions and the models used do not place much premium on transport vehicles. It was again found that adoption of Intermediate Means of Transport (IMT) on a rural road is a good policy provided it is very cheap, economical, affordable and user- friendly. The challenges revealed by the respondents regarding the accessibility and mobility were not quite different from past studies. Challenges revealed include poor or low-quality equipment, poor paths or roads, lack of consumer appeal, the high cost of acquisition, and access to finance. It is recommended that the only way transport services can be considered in the development of rural road infrastructure is when the Ministries for Roads and Transport collaborate effectively.

Infrastructural Development and Improving Livelihoods of Rural People in Nepal: A Case Study of Kanchanpur District Nepal

Infrastructural Development and Improving Livelihoods of Rural People in Nepal: A Case Study of Kanchanpur District Nepal