Life Of Elderly Population Research Articles

당뇨 및 고혈압 환자에서 혈액투석에 따른 Jitter와 Shimmer 요소값 변화 측정 및 분석

현대사회에서 만성질환은 고령인구의 건강한 삶을 위협하는 요소이며 당뇨 및 고혈압은 신장 기능의 파괴를 초래하고 악화될 경우 혈액투석, 인공장기, 장기이식술 등의 치료를 받아야 하는 위험한 질환이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자들을 대상으로 혈액투석 치료에 따른 성대 진동 요소의 변화를 측정하여 혈액투석 치료가 성대 진동에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 이를 위해 발음에 문제가 없는 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자들을 피실험자로 선정하고 이들의 혈액투석 전과 후의 음성을 수집하여 성대 진동과 관련된 Jitter 및 Shimmer 분석 요소를 적용하여 변화되는 정도를 비교, 분석하는 실험을 수행하였다. 결론적으로 당뇨 및 고혈압 환자를 대상으로 한 혈액 투석 치료가 신장 기능의 향상에 도움이 되는 것을 성대 진동의 안정성이 향상되는 실험 결과로 도출하였다. Chronic diseases is being increased attention to threatening the elements healthy life of elderly population in modem society. Especially, Chronic diseases caused by diabetes and hypertension is destroyed kidney. In this case, subjective symptom is not little. So if health is worsened, hemodialysis, artificial organs, transplant an organ etc. should be treated as a dangerous diseases. Therefor, a patients receiving hemodialysis of diabetes and hypertension studied on the effects to regularity of amplitude and rate vibration of vocal cords in hemodialysis in this paper. To do this, a diabetic and hypertensive patients don't have a problem with pronunciation selected as of the subjects and their voices collected before and after hemodialysis. We studied on the effects of voice analysis to apply regularity of amplitude and rate vibration of vocal cords. In conclusion, we extracted a result that voice after than before hemodialysis is relatively low in voice measures values a regularity of amplitude and rate vibration of vocal cords.

A cross-sectional study of oral health-related quality of life of Piracicaba's elderly population

PURPOSE: This paper aimed to assess the self-perceived oral health status in 137 elderly from Piracicaba city, Sao Paulo state, Brazil, and to investigate the influence of socio-demographic variables, institutionalization status and access to dental care services on the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) index final score. METHODS: The sample comprised institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly, from 60 to 92 years old, socially independent or partially dependent, without significant cognitive alterations, with different educational and monthly income levels. An oral examination and two questionnaires were employed as instruments to gather subject characteristics. The first questionnaire included the 12 items of the GOHAI, and the second questionnaire gathered socio-demographic variables. The data were evaluated with a Chi-square test and logistic regression, with p < 0.05 as the significance cut-off. RESULTS: The GOHAI final mean score of 27.49 indicated a low oral health self-perception, and the score was significantly associated with life style and institutionalization. The risk indicators for low oral health self-perception were the demand for urgent dental care and the self-perceived need for dental treatment. These indicators correlated with a lower GOHAI score, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.0001), demonstrating that a low oral health self-perception is directly correlated with a worse oral health clinical status. This information can be useful for planning public health policies. CONCLUSION: The GOHAI final score in this study was considered low. Self-motivation and self-perception of the need for dental treatment were considered risk indicators for a low final GOHAI score.

En hypotesgenererande studie av nattfastans längd, undernäring och hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos äldre

Malnutrition is a major problem among elderly at nursing homes. Overnight-fasting is defined as the time between the last mealtime at night and breakfast and was considered as long in this study when it exceeded eleven hours. The aim of the study was to map the overnight-fasting length, the frequency and rate of malnutrition and the health related quality of life in an elderly population living at a nursing home in western Sweden. The study was a quantitative descriptive study and was performed at a somatic department of a nursing home. The data was analysed using descriptive statistic. The result indicate a possible relation between the combination of manifest malnutrition as measured in this study, an overnight-fasting length exceeding 11 hours and low health related quality of life in old age. The study generated the hypothesis that health related quality of life among elderly persons living at nursing homes can increase if the over-night fasting length decrease under eleven hours. In addition there is...

Leisure Life of Elderly Residents in China: A Case Study of Difference between Rural and Urban Area

This paper examined the current situation of leisure life of aging population in urban and rural area from an angle of history, policy, culture, and economy, revealing the differences in the leisure life between rural and urban elderly residents. While the Chinese government is proud of the achievement in making its people’s life longer, it has to tackle the challenge of how to make the leisure life of aging population as an important part of their later year’s life not just for the aged urban residents but especially for the aged rural residents. The underlying social and economic reasons that may account for such differences are discussed extensively. It is hoped the paper will be somewhat conducive to this area of study.

PR_090: Assessment of Balance and Strength in the Elderly Population Living in the Community and the Relationship Between These Factors and Falls

Objective: To determine whether falls are related to physical exercise habits, balance, and strength in the population more than 64 years of age. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Patients over 64 years old able to independently carry out the basic activities of daily life and living in the community. Participants: The study included 130 patients (65% women; mean age ± SD, 72.1±5.7y) representative of the patient population in an urban primary care center in Barcelona (Spain). Interventions: Not applicable.

Calidad de vida y condiciones de salud de la población adulta mayor de Medellín.

The process of aging presents functional limitations, loss of autonomy, independence, adaptability and motor disfunction. These changes raise challenges and concerns of vital importance both for those individuals who face them and for government organizations, thus motivating inquiry about the life and health conditions of the elderly. To describe some components of the quality of life of the elderly population (aged 65 years or older) living in Medellin, including socio-demographic, family, social security and health conditions. A descriptive study was conducted using the following sources of information: a survey of quality of life that was carried out in 1997 and 2001; death certificates from 1990 to 1999; hospital discharge records from 1990 to 1997; and a telephone survey carried out in the year 2002 in 637 randomly selected elderly individuals. A 168% increase occurred in this population group from 1964 to 2001, substantiating the stage of demographic transition throughout the city. The 65% loss of purchasing power observed between 1997 to 2001 and the situation of isolation in which the elderly population lives, characterize its loss of independence and self-esteem. 97% of the quality of life in the elderly population of Medellin was explained by the following components: independence, social and economic security, and networks of social support.

The oral health of individuals with dementia in nursing homes

To determine if moderate to severe dementia has an effect on the oral health of individuals resident in nursing homes. A significant proportion of the elderly population lives in nursing homes and suffers from varying degrees of dementia. Dementia might affect an individual's ability to implement oral care. Previous work in this area has focused on individuals with mild dementia living in the community setting. Two matched cohorts of subjects resident in four nursing homes in Cheshire were recruited (n=135). One cohort's subjects were deemed to have no or mild dementia, whereas the other cohort's subjects were deemed to have moderate to severe dementia. Oral parameters were scored, including Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) scoring, dental deposit scoring, denture assessment and the noting of any other pathology. There was a statistically significant difference in the relative level of dementia of the subjects between the two cohorts (p<0.01, Student's t-test). The DMFT scores were similar for both groups. The mean number (+/-SD) of decayed and missing teeth for the no/mild dementia group was 1.11 (+/-3.42) and 28.22 (+/-6.64), whilst that of the moderate/severe dementia cohort was 0.80 (+/-1.87) and 27.28 (+/-7.73), respectively. Eleven per cent of the moderate/severe dementia cohort wore an upper denture alone as compared with 16% in the no/mild dementia group. For individuals resident in nursing homes, moderate to severe dementia might have a deleterious effect on oral health. Further work in this area is required.

P-17. 80歳高齢住民における咀嚼機能と生活の質との関係 : 高齢者のQOLと咀嚼(ポスター展示発表,第66回九州歯科学会総会講演抄録)

P-17. 80歳高齢住民における咀嚼機能と生活の質との関係 : 高齢者のQOLと咀嚼(ポスター展示発表,第66回九州歯科学会総会講演抄録)

CHOLINERGIC AND PURINERGIC RESPONSES IN ISOLATED HUMAN DETRUSOR IN RELATION TO AGE

We investigated whether the contractility of isolated human detrusor muscle, responsiveness to commonly used spasmolytic drugs, and expression of selected muscarinic and purinergic (P2X) receptor subtypes (M2, M3, P2X1 and P2X3) change with age. Tissues were taken from 63 patients 37 to 84 years old undergoing radical cystectomy. Specimens from 49 patients were used for contractility studies and those from 50 were used for mRNA analysis. Propiverine, oxybutynin, tolterodine and atropine decreased contractions evoked by electric field stimulation to different degrees. However, neither the efficacy nor potency of the drugs showed age related changes. Since human detrusor muscle shows atropine resistant noncholinergic responses, we also studied the putative age dependence of concentration-response curves to the muscarinic agonist carbachol, and the purinergic agonists adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and alpha-beta-methylene-ATP. Sensitivity to alpha-beta-methylene-ATP increased with age, while the efficacy and potency of spasmolytic drugs did not depend on age. In addition, mRNA detected for M2, M3, P2X1 and P2X3 receptors did not change with age. Our results do not provide evidence for age related contractile deterioration in human detrusor muscle strips, nor do they suggest that responses to anticholinergic spasmolytic drugs change substantially with age.

Health-related quality of life and health utility for the institutional elderly in Taiwan

To explore the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and health utility in an institutional elderly population. Four hundred sixty-five elderly persons living in long-term care institutions in Taiwan were interviewed using Taiwan's abbreviated version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF), rating scale (RS) and the Time-Trade-Off (TTO) utility measurement. The WHOQOL-BREF showed acceptable internal consistency (alpha range: 0.75-0.80 across domains) and validity. The sexual activity facet had the lowest response rate. Educational level, number of chronic diseases, physical performance, and number of caregivers had significant (p < 0.05) impacts on the domain scores of the WHOQOL-BREF. Physical performance had the strongest impact on the physical domain (R2 = 0.40) and accounted for significant percentages of the variance on the other three domains (R2 = 0.06-0.13). The mean RS score (score 0-100) was 61.3 +/- 16.2 (mean +/- SD). The mean TTO utility (score 0-1) was 0.92 +/- 0.22. Results indicate that the WHOQOL-BREF, excepting the sexual activity item, is useful for evaluating HRQOL of conscious elderly in institutions. The validity of TTO utility for studying the institutionalized elderly needs further evaluation.

Physical Fitness Characteristics Of An Elderly Population Living In A Retirement Community

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine selected physical fitness parameters in a group of elderly residents living in a retirement community located in the upper midwest region of the United States. A secondary purpose was to compare these results with a set of normative data established using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) developed by Rikli and Jones (1999). METHODS Elderly, caucasian subjects (n=39) were asked to complete a battery of fitness tests as outlined in the SFT. There were 12 subjects in the 70–79 (75.4±4 yrs) age range and 27 subjects in the 80–89 (84.1 ± 3 yrs) age range. In accordance with standard SFT procedure, testing included the chair stand test, the arm curl test, the 2-minute step test, the chair sit-and-reach test, the back scratch test, and the 8-foot up-and-go test. All fitness testing was conducted by personnel who had been instructed on the proper administration of the SFT. Following calculation of means and standard deviations, comparisons between this sample and SFT averages were made using a series of t-tests for each individual test parameter. RESULTS For both the 70–79 and the 80–89 age groups, average scores on the chair stand test (8.7 ± 4.7, 9.3 ± 2.9 repetitions), the arm curl test (13.2 ± 4.5, 13 ± 4.7 repetitions), and the 8-foot up-and-go test (10 ± 5.6, 12.2 ± 8.6 sec), were significantly lower (p<0.05) than SFT averages. Furthermore, the 80–89 age group, but not the 70–79 age group, also scored significantly lower than the SFT average on the chair sit-and-reach test. For the back scratch test and the 2-minute step test, no significant differences were observed between this sample and SFT averages for either age group. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it appears that the elderly subjects in this study scored lower on several measures of physical fitness when compared with currently accepted population averages. While our findings are preliminary, it would seem that exercise interventions for improving muscular strength, agility, and dynamic balance are indeed warranted for this sample group.

Physical Fitness Characteristics Of An Elderly Population Living In A Retirement Community

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine selected physical fitness parameters in a group of elderly residents living in a retirement community located in the upper midwest region of the United States. A secondary purpose was to compare these results with a set of normative data established using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) developed by Rikli and Jones (1999). METHODS Elderly, caucasian subjects (n=39) were asked to complete a battery of fitness tests as outlined in the SFT. There were 12 subjects in the 70–79 (75.4±4 yrs) age range and 27 subjects in the 80–89 (84.1 ± 3 yrs) age range. In accordance with standard SFT procedure, testing included the chair stand test, the arm curl test, the 2-minute step test, the chair sit-and-reach test, the back scratch test, and the 8-foot up-and-go test. All fitness testing was conducted by personnel who had been instructed on the proper administration of the SFT. Following calculation of means and standard deviations, comparisons between this sample and SFT averages were made using a series of t-tests for each individual test parameter. RESULTS For both the 70–79 and the 80–89 age groups, average scores on the chair stand test (8.7 ± 4.7, 9.3 ± 2.9 repetitions), the arm curl test (13.2 ± 4.5, 13 ± 4.7 repetitions), and the 8-foot up-and-go test (10 ± 5.6, 12.2 ± 8.6 sec), were significantly lower (p<0.05) than SFT averages. Furthermore, the 80–89 age group, but not the 70–79 age group, also scored significantly lower than the SFT average on the chair sit-and-reach test. For the back scratch test and the 2-minute step test, no significant differences were observed between this sample and SFT averages for either age group. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, it appears that the elderly subjects in this study scored lower on several measures of physical fitness when compared with currently accepted population averages. While our findings are preliminary, it would seem that exercise interventions for improving muscular strength, agility, and dynamic balance are indeed warranted for this sample group.

Agitation and aggressiveness among the elderly population living in nursing or retirement homes in France.

The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological features of agitation and aggressiveness in elderly individuals living in French nursing and retirement homes in the year 2000. Data were collected on the type, time of onset, and duration of symptoms, medical evaluation and treatment, and medical and psychiatric comorbidities of the elderly patients. The most frequently reported behavior was verbal aggressiveness and the least reported behavior was physical aggressiveness. A triggering factor initiating the symptoms of agitation or aggressiveness was reported in 61% of the cases. In 61% of the study population, there were several morbidities reported as caused by the agitated or aggressive behavior (anorexia, weight loss, dehydration). A specialist was consulted for nearly half of the agitated or aggressive patients. For 55% of the patients, a new medication regimen was started or the administration of previous medications was modified, the most frequently prescribed drugs being antipsychotics. The results of our study and others show that agitation and aggression have a substantial impact on the lives of the elderly population, as well as on the lives of their family members and caretakers.

A Health Survey of Elderly Population Living in a Poor Urban Area in Alexandria Part II: Health Problems, Health Services Utilization, and Drug Consumption Pattern

A Health Survey of Elderly Population Living in a Poor Urban Area in Alexandria Part II: Health Problems, Health Services Utilization, and Drug Consumption Pattern

Exercise prescription for the elderly: current recommendations.

The benefits for elderly individuals of regular participation in both cardiovascular and resistance-training programmes are great. Health benefits include a significant reduction in risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, hypertension and obesity as well as improvements in bone density, muscle mass, arterial compliance and energy metabolism. Additionally, increases in cardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen consumption and endurance), muscle strength and overall functional capacity are forthcoming allowing elderly individuals to maintain their independence, increase levels of spontaneous physical activity and freely participate in activities associated with daily living. Taken together, these benefits associated with involvement in regular exercise can significantly improve the quality of life in elderly populations. It is noteworthy that the quality and quantity of exercise necessary to elicit important health benefits will differ from that needed to produce significant gains in fitness. This review describes the current recommendations for exercise prescriptions for the elderly for both cardiovascular and strength/resistance-training programmes. However, it must be noted that the benefits described are of little value if elderly individuals do not become involved in regular exercise regimens. Consequently, the major challenges facing healthcare professionals today concern: (i) the implementation of educational programmes designed to inform elderly individuals of the health and functional benefits associated with regular physical activity as well as how safe and effective such programmes can be; and (ii) design interventions that will both increase involvement in regular exercise as well as improve adherence and compliance to such programmes.

A Health Survey of Elderly Population Living in a Poor Urban Area in Alexandria Part I: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Functional Abilities

A Health Survey of Elderly Population Living in a Poor Urban Area in Alexandria Part I: Socio-Demographic, Lifestyle, and Functional Abilities

Geriatric education — A survey of dietetic educators and practitioners

To determine the extent to which entry-level dietitians are being trained to work with senior adults, the Coordinated programs for Dietetic Studies and their clinical training sites were surveyed. The first part of the survey gathered demographic data; the second part listed 62 objectives/ standards related to the practice of geriatric nutrition. These objectives/ standards were divided into five sections: cognitive, affective, clinical skills, professional practice and public policy. The respondents were asked to rate the importance of each objective/ standard to the curriculum using a Likert type numeric scale (5 = highest) and the actual presence of these in the curriculum. The responses indicate that geriatric nutrition is integrated into the existing curriculum usually as a part of the Life Cycle, Community and Clinical Nutrition courses. Only 3 programs (16%) reported using a textbook specifically oriented to geriatric nutrition. There was significant correlation (p<.001) between the responses of the CP directors and the clinical facility sites supervisors. Objectives/ standards for the cognitive and affective domains received a high score of 4 or greater. Those in the clinical skills, professional practice and public policy areas generally received a lower score (< 4). Of additional interest is the fact that over half of the faculty teaching geriatric nutrition have been R.D.s for more than 10 years, yet 61% reported less than two years actual direct contact experience with senior adults and 22% reported no direct contact experience of any kind. The majority (94.4%) indicated that their training in geriatrics consisted of individual readings and independent study. Most training is conducted at sites serving predominately Caucasian elderly and that the sites selected for training serve a largely infirmed or frail population despite the fact that 95 %, of elderly population lives in the community (5% in institutions) and that the minority elderly is projected to increase 2 – 5 times more than the Caucasian population. The findings underscore the need for the development of systematic, comprehensive, well-defined didactic and experiential opportunities in community settings, especially those serving minority elderly populations to prepare future practioners trained in the normative principles of aging

Gerontological research in China: The role of anthropological inquiry

One fifth of the world's elderly population lives in China. Until recently political restrictions have hindered the conduct of research particularly ethnography. This piece provides an overview of recent research findings by Western scholars and of ethnographic research in progress in the areas of demography, state policy, age stratification, family planning, residence patterns, inter-generational transfers, patrilineality, health, illness, long term care, social welfare, and mortuary ritual. It analyzes the potential contributions of ethnography in this area.

The Social Breakdown syndrome in the elderly population living in the community: the Helping Study.

A representative sample of elderly people residing in the community was examined to establish their psychiatric status. An interview with a close friend or relative, focusing on a one-week period in 1981, was used to investigate each subject's functional limitations and troublesome behaviour, these being the two components of the Social Breakdown Syndrome. The data from the sample were weighted to allow estimates of the characteristics of the general population. No cases of SBS at its most extreme were identified, and almost the entire population was found to be functioning at an adequate or near-adequate level: all cases of severe SBS were attributable to troublesome behaviour. Severe SBS was shown to increase with age and to be most common in non-white males. Persons with dementing disorders were more likely than their non-demented counterparts to show severe/moderate SBS, but in the majority of cases of SBS there was no mental disorder.