Human Life Expectancy Research Articles

A competitive analysis of human and animal well-being in Nigeria

This quantitative study analyzed determinants of human and animal wellbeing in Nigeria and explored correlations between associated factors. Statistical analysis of secondary data on 30 variables related to healthcare, income, education, safety, animal health, welfare policies, and environmental conditions revealed positive correlations between human life expectancy and healthcare access, income, employment, and safety. Animal health positively associated with nutrition. However, animal welfare legislation negatively correlated with human lifespan. While correlational analysis provides valuable insights, limitations include inability to determine causation and capture temporal dynamics. Findings emphasize the need for integrated policies that holistically address socioeconomic, cultural, and policy dimensions shaping human-animal relations in Nigeria. Further research can build on this empirical foundation to inform synergistic approaches to optimizing wellbeing.

Determinan Gross Domestic Product Dan Angka Harapan Hidup Terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia: Studi Komparasi Antara Afghanistan Dan China Priode 1990 – 2021

The human development index is a benchmark for determining human welfare in a country. The human development index can be measured by various factors. In this study, the benchmarks used were gross domestic product and life expectancy after birth in Afghanistan and China for the period 1990 to 2021. This benchmark can be seen through the correlation test, where the results show an 80.35% relationship between the human development index and GDP. Meanwhile, the relationship between the human development index and life expectancy after birth was 97.07%. Then, to determine that the data was valid, the researcher used several regression analyses tests. With the regression analysis, researchers can see a comparison of human development in the two countries.
 Keywords: Human Development Index; Gross Domestic Product; Life Expectancy.

Modern markers for the assessment of biological age

The steady increase in human life expectancy in the 21st century is considered one of the major public health challenges. However, current achievements in longevity, are most often associated with increasing years in disability. Current studies indicate that healthy longevity is achieved, through harmonised ageing of the whole body. Due to the complexity of ageing, a number of biological age markers have been determined to describe the intensity of changes limiting biophysiological functions at different levels of the body. Biological age markers can be divided into two categories: parameters determining the level of severity of molecular and cellular hallmarks of ageing: genomic incapacity, telomere length changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic changes, cellular senescence, deregulation of nutrient sensitivity, stem cell depletion, altered intercellular communication. The second group are parameters defining age at the systemic level: bone age, muscle age, vascular age, neuronal age, endocrine age, pulmonary age, glycan age. Modern methods of measuring biological age markers allow the identification of weak points in ageing and illustrate the unevenness of the ageing process. It is worth considering the study of biological age markers to prioritise interventions promoting sustainable ageing.

Investigating Human Expectancy by Linear Regression

In recent years, many people have studied the human lifespan, some people study how to extend the human lifespan, explore the limits of the human lifespan, and so on. But what are the factors that affect human lifespan, and will they lead to an increase or decrease in lifespan? This paper was analyzed by using linear regression, where specific analyses were performed using R- square and multiple R, mainly studies the influence of three factors, BMI, Schooling, and HIV/AIDS, on human life expectancy between developing and developed countries through linear regression methods.

Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Progress: A Panel Data Analysis by Using Classical and Bayesian Estimates

This comparative research debates a magnified role of human capital development in selected developed, developing economies and less developing economies, including Pakistan. Between 1990 and 2019, two-panel data analysis techniques were employed, one classical and the other Bayesian. The key objective of this study was to investigate the impact of human capital development on economic growth, and also suggest the best statistical techniques for developing an appropriate model. GDP is the dependent variable, whereas the independent variables are human capital, physical capital, physical and human capital growth, health expenditure, education spending, and life expectancy rate. For the optimal model, both Bayesian and classical approaches were used to analyze the appropriate model. Empirical evidence has shown that human capital is the most important factor and is directly correlated with growth in any economy Furthermore, the findings suggested that Bayesian techniques produce more appropriate models for policy implications than classical techniques.

Promoting longevity with less cancer: The 2022 International Conference on Aging and Cancer

AbstractAging and cancer are increasingly becoming big challenges for public health worldwide due to increased human life expectancy. Meanwhile, aging is one of the major risk factors for cancer. In December 2019, the first International Conference on Aging and Cancer was held in Haikou, Hainan province (island), China, preluding the establishment of the International Center for Aging and Cancer (ICAC) at Hainan, an institute dedicated to the research at the intersection of aging and cancer. Since then, the ICAC has hosted the annual conference each December in Hainan. The 2022 ICAC conference, with the theme of “promoting longevity with less cancer,” invited 17 internationally renowned scientists to share their new research and insights. Topics included DNA methylation in rejuvenation, development, and cellular senescence; lifespan regulation and longevity manipulation; metabolism and aging; cellular senescence and diseases; and novel therapeutics for cancer and antiaging/anticancer drug discovery. The forum highlighted the interconnectedness of aging and senescence with cancer evolution and risk. Although there is hope for preventing diseases like cancer by modulating systems that also control lifespan, attention has to be paid to the conflicting needs and competing demands in human biology.

Nanomaterials‐Based Bioinspired Next Generation Wearable Sensors: A State‐of‐the‐Art Review

AbstractWith a constantly growing percentage of the population having access to high‐quality healthcare facilities, preventable pathogenic illnesses have been nearly eradicated in the developed parts of the world, which has led to a significant rise in the average human life expectancy over the last few decades. In such a highly developed world, age‐related illnesses will lead to an immense burden on healthcare providers. Remote health monitoring enabled by wearable sensors will play a significant role in the growth and evolution of Health 3.0 by providing intimate and valuable information to healthcare providers regarding the progression of disease in patients with critical life‐altering conditions. Especially, in the case of people suffering from neurodegenerative disorders, inexpensive and user‐friendly wearable sensors can enable physiotherapists monitor real‐time physiological parameters to design patient‐specific treatment plans. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances and emerging trends at the convergence of biomimicry and nanomaterial sensors, with a specific focus on wearable skin‐inspired mechanical sensors for applications in IoT‐enabled human physiological parameters monitoring. Skin‐inspired wearable mechanical sensors with relevance to the most common types of sensing mechanisms including piezoresistive, piezocapacitive, and triboelectric sensing are discussed along with their current challenges and possible future opportunities.

Renewable energy, technological innovation, carbon emission, and life expectancy nexus: experience from the NAFTA economies.

One essential component that reflects the development of society and the economy of most countries is life expectancy (LEXP). Nevertheless, LEXP can be influenced by varying factors, including socioeconomic and medical factors. Therefore, this analysis's focal point and motivation is to explore how socioeconomic factors such as economic growth, technological innovation, carbon emission, human capital, and renewable energy affect LEXP. The study utilized panel data from 1990 to 2020 from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which consists of the USA, Mexico, and Canada. The initial test confirmed that the research series were stationary and cointegrated. Therefore, the research applied the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) model to predict the paper's short- and long-term estimates. The empirical estimated model concluded that human capital, renewable energy, technological innovation, and economic growth boost life expectancy. Contrarily, the outcome espoused that carbon emission has an inverse association with LEXP. The causality test confirmed a unidirectional interaction between human capital, economic growth, technological innovation, and life expectancy. On the other hand, there is a bidirectional connection between carbon emission, renewable energy, and life expectancy. The research suggests that stakeholders and policy-makers strengthen and enforce air quality standards to reduce pollution from industrial emissions and vehicle exhaust and encourage using cleaner technologies to promote LEXP. The research outcome is empirically and theoretically consistent, providing an essential breakthrough for environment-health-energy and economic development policies.

PERAN DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KOMPENSASI DALAM MEMPENGARUHI KINERJA ASN PADA RSUD BESUKI DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING

Work discipline is the most importannt element in employee performance, in this case civil servants who work in goverment agencies, especially in the health sector. Hospitals have an important role in increasing human life expectancy, for this reason hospitals really need qualified civil servants.Civil servants in hospital must be superior and competitive human resources as shown by work discipline and high work motivation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of work discipline and compensation variables on the performance of civil servants at Besuki Regional Hospital with work motivation as an intervening variable. This research is explanatory research. The population is in the study civil servants at Besuki Regional Hospital. The sampling technique used total sampling. Data analysis and hypothesis testing in this study used the Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM).
 This resultof the direct influence hypothesis test using the Smart PLS 3.0 application showed that work discipline had a significant effect on work motivation, compensation had a significant effect on work motivation, work discipline had a significant effect on performance, and compensation was not proven to have a significant effect on performance. The result of indirect influence hypothesis test showed that the variable work discipline on performance through work motivation had a positive but not significant effect, compensation on performance through work motivation had a significant positive effect.

Isolation, Identification, Activity Evaluation, and Mechanism of Action of Neuroprotective Peptides from Walnuts: A Review.

As human life expectancy increases, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases in older adults has increased in parallel. Walnuts contain bioactive peptides with demonstrated neuroprotective effects, making them a valuable addition to the diet. We here present a comprehensive review of the various methods used to prepare, isolate, purify, and identify the neuroprotective peptides found in walnuts. We further summarise the different approaches currently used to evaluate the activity of these peptides in experimental settings, highlighting their potential to reduce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and promote autophagy, as well as to regulate the gut microflora and balance the cholinergic system. Finally, we offer suggestions for future research concerning bioavailability and improving or masking the bitter taste and sensory properties of final products containing the identified walnut neuroprotective peptides to ensure successful adoption of these peptides as functional food ingredients for neurohealth promotion.

Adherence to cognitive and physical exercise engagement: a challenge to successful dementia risk reduction and prevention efforts.

With human life expectancy and proportion of older adults increasing, global use of evidence-supported preventative methods to minimize risk of brain-related disabilities such as Alzheimer's disease and other dementias-as well as interventions to slow rate of disease progression-is important. Sustained engagement in cognitive and physical exercise programs may prevent or delay dementia onset as well as maximize health and function of those with dementia. Despite awareness of the importance of cognitive and physical exercise to brain health, exercise program adherence by older adults is extremely challenging. In this Perspective article, we summarize what is known about contributors to exercise program adherence and strategies to promote it. We discuss our viewpoint on knowledge gaps regarding exercise adherence and research that needs to be conducted. We conclude by proposing a multi-dimensional exercise adherence assessment framework that includes portable neurophysiologic technologies to inform initial design and updating of individualized exercise programs that optimize sustained exercise program engagement and, ultimately, maximize brain health in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Subcellular proteomics insights into Alzheimer's disease development.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the most common dementias, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment and decreased judgment function. The expected number of AD patient is increasing in the context of the world's advancing medical care and increasing human life expectancy. Since current molecular mechanism studies on AD pathogenesis are incomplete, there is no specific and effective therapeutic agent. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based unbiased proteomics studies provide an effective and comprehensive approach. Many advances have been made in the study of the mechanism, diagnostic markers, and drug targets of AD using proteomics. This paper focus on subcellular level studies, reviews studies using proteomics to study AD-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic, and myelin damage, the protein composition of amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), changes in tissue extracellular vehicles (EVs) and exosome proteome, and the protein changes in ribosomes and lysosomes. The methods of sample separation and preparation and proteomic analysis as well as the main findings of these studies are involved. The results of these proteomics studies provide insights into the pathogenesis of AD and provide theoretical resource and direction for future research in AD, helping to identify new biomarkers and drugs targets for AD.

ANALISIS INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS REGRESI

The Human Development Index is one approach to measuring the success rate of human development. Central Java Province is one of the provinces that experienced an increase in the human development index in 2022. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the regression model used and the factors that affect the human development index in Central Java Province in 2022. Some of the factors used in this study are life expectancy, average years of schooling, expected years of schooling and adjusted per capita expenditure. The method used in this research is multiple linear analysis, parameter significance test, and classical assumption test. By using the human development index as the response variable (Y), life expectancy (X1), average years of schooling (X2), expected years of schooling (X3) and adjusted per capita expenditure (X4) as predictor variables. From the results of the analysis that has been done, the equation Y = 6.55 + 0.4626X₁ + 1.341X₂ + 0.8971X₃ + 0.0008329X₄ +e is obtained. This shows that there is a relationship between the human development index and life expectancy, average years of schooling, expected years of schooling and adjusted per capita expenditure. The classical assumption test, namely the normality test, multicollinearity test, autocorrelation test and heteroscedasticity test, shows that the regression model can be used

Back to Nature: Medicinal Plants as Promising Sources for Antibacterial Drugs in the Post-Antibiotic Era.

Undoubtedly, the advent of antibiotics in the 19th century had a substantial impact, increasing human life expectancy. However, a multitude of scientific investigations now indicate that we are currently experiencing a phase known as the post-antibiotic era. There is a genuine concern that we might regress to a time before antibiotics and confront widespread outbreaks of severe epidemic diseases, particularly those caused by bacterial infections. These investigations have demonstrated that epidemics thrive under environmental stressors such as climate change, the depletion of natural resources, and detrimental human activities such as wars, conflicts, antibiotic overuse, and pollution. Moreover, bacteria possess a remarkable ability to adapt and mutate. Unfortunately, the current development of antibiotics is insufficient, and the future appears grim unless we abandon our current approach of generating synthetic antibiotics that rapidly lose their effectiveness against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Despite their vital role in modern medicine, medicinal plants have served as the primary source of curative drugs since ancient times. Numerous scientific reports published over the past three decades suggest that medicinal plants could serve as a promising alternative to ineffective antibiotics in combating infectious diseases. Over the past few years, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids have exhibited noteworthy antibacterial potential, primarily through membrane-disruption mechanisms, protein binding, interference with intermediary metabolism, anti-quorum sensing, and anti-biofilm activity. However, to optimize their utilization as effective antibacterial drugs, further advancements in omics technologies and network pharmacology will be required in order to identify optimal combinations among these compounds or in conjunction with antibiotics.

Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on trauma-related emergency medical service in older people: a retrospective cohort study

IntroductionThe ever-increasing human life expectancy has currently resulted in a noticeable rise in the world’s older population. Addressing the healthcare needs of the older people has become a significant concern for many countries. Moreover, the older people are particularly vulnerable to traumatic events. This study aimed to examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital care provided by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for trauma-related cases among the older people in Iran.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study involved analyzing the medical records of 1,111 older people aged above 60 who experienced traumatic injuries and received pre-hospital emergency services from March 2018 to March 2022. In order to collect the data, the checklist made by the researcher was used and data analysis in SPSS16 was done using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThe age group of 60–74 received the highest number of services both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The older men experienced more traumatic events compared to women throughout the study period. The majority of the traumatic events occurred between 8 a.m. and 12 p.m. both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.ConclusionsThe high prevalence rate of geriatric traumas can be primarily attributed to their physical problems and no control over movements caused by old age, as well as unsafe living conditions. To address these issues, it is suggested that facilities be provided to assist with mobility problems. Moreover, constructing suitable pedestrian bridges and regularly checking neighborhoods and surroundings to identify potential risk factors should be prioritized. Once these risk factors are identified, efforts can be made to adjust and eliminate them, thereby minimizing traumatic events and enhancing a safe and friendly environment for the older people.

The molecular neural mechanism underlying the acceleration of brain aging due to Dcf1 deficiency

Owing to the continuous increase in human life expectancy, the management of aging-related diseases has become an urgent issue. The brain dominates the central nervous system; therefore, brain aging is a key area of aging-related research. We previously uncovered that dendritic cell factor 1 (Dcf1) maintains the stemness of neural stem cells and its expression in Drosophila can prolong lifespan, suggesting an association between Dcf1 and aging; however, the specific underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we show for the first time that hippocampal neurogenesis is decreased in aged Dcf1−/− mice, which leads to a decrease in the number of brain neurons and an increased number of senescent cells. Moreover, astrocytes proliferate abnormally and express elevated mRNA levels of aging-related factors, in addition to displaying increased activation of Akt and Foxo3a. Finally, behavioral tests confirm that aged Dcf1−/− mice exhibit a significant decline in cognitive abilities related to learning and memory. In conclusion, we reveal a novel mechanism underlying brain aging triggered by Dcf1 deficiency at the molecular, cellular, tissue, and behavioral levels, providing a new perspective for the exploration of brain aging.

Therapeutic Effects and Underlying Mechanism of SOCS-com Gene-Transfected ADMSCs in Pressure Ulcer Mouse Models.

Although the proportion of ulcer patients with medical problems among the elderly has increased with the extension of human life expectancy, treatment efficiency is drastically low, incurring substantial social costs. MSCs have independent regeneration potential, making them useful in clinical trials of difficult-to-treat diseases. In particular, ADMSCs are promising in the stem cell therapy industry as they can be obtained in vast amounts using non-invasive methods. Furthermore, studies are underway to enhance the regeneration potential of ADMSCs using cytokines, growth factors, and gene delivery to generate highly functional ADMSCs. In this study, key regulators of wound healing, SOCS-1, -3, and -5, were combined to maximize the regenerative potential of ADMSCs in pressure ulcer treatments. After transfecting SOCS-1, -3, -5, and SOCS-com into ADMSCs using a non-viral method, the expression of the inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, and IL-10 was confirmed. ADMSCs transfected with SOCS-com showed decreased overall expression of inflammatory factors and increased expression of anti-inflammatory factors. Based on these results, we implanted ADMSCs transfected with SOCS-com into a pressure ulcer mouse model to observe their subsequent wound-healing effects. Notably, SOCS-com improved wound closure in ulcers, and reconstruction of the epidermis and dermis was observed. The healing mechanism of ADMSCs transfected with SOCS-com was examined by RNA sequencing. Gene analysis results confirmed that expression changes occurred in genes of key regulators of wound healing, such as chemokines, MMP-1, 9, CSF-2, and IL-33, and that such genetic changes enhanced wound healing in ulcers. Based on these results, we demonstrate the potential of ADMSCs transfected with SOCS-com as an ulcer treatment tool.

Prediction of Translational Regulation by Network Interaction in Synaptic Plasticity Induced with Centella asiatica.

Recently, human life expectancy, aging, and age-related health disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), have increased. The increasing number of AD patients causes a heavy social and economic burden on society. Since there is no treatment for AD, utilization of natural products is currently accepted as an alternative or integrative treatment agent against AD. Selection of protein databases related to synaptic plasticity was obtained from a gene bank. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Prediction of Centella asiatica target constituents and their relationship with target synaptic plasticity was performed using STITCH, followed by GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and molecular binding of ligands to presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors afterwards. From the protein database, 446 protein coding genes related to synaptic plasticity were found. PPI and KEGG pathway analysis showed potentiality to inhibit AKT and mTORC1 pathways. The targeted proteins were TSC1, Rheb, and FMRP. This study showed potentiality of Centella asiatica in AD through its binding to several proteins such as TSC1, Rheb, and FMRP. This compound in Centella asiatica was able to bind to the AKT1 and mTOR signaling pathways. Centella asiatica may behold greater potency in AD therapy.

Association between infectious exposures in infancy and epigenetic age acceleration in young adulthood in metropolitan Cebu, Philippines.

The drivers of human life expectancy gains over the past 200 years are not well-established, with a potential role for historical reductions in infectious disease. We investigate whether infectious exposures in infancy predict biological aging using DNA methylation-based markers that forecast patterns of morbidity and mortality later in life. N = 1450 participants from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey-a prospective birth cohort initiated in 1983-provided complete data for the analyses. Mean chronological age was 20.9 years when venous whole blood samples were drawn for DNA extraction and methylation analysis, with subsequent calculation of three epigenetic age markers: Horvath, GrimAge, and DunedinPACE. Unadjusted and adjusted least squares regression models were evaluated to test the hypothesis that infectious exposures in infancy are associated with epigenetic age. Birth in the dry season, a proxy measure for increased infectious exposure in the first year of life, as well as the number of symptomatic infections in the first year of infancy, predicted lower epigenetic age. Infectious exposures were associated with the distribution of white blood cells in adulthood, which were also associated with measures of epigenetic age. We document negative associations between measures of infectious exposure in infancy and DNA methylation-based measures of aging. Additional research, across a wider range of epidemiological settings, is needed to clarify the role of infectious disease in shaping immunophenotypes and trajectories of biological aging and human life expectancy.

Transformation of the formula of fitness ginger based on green buckwheat enriched with rapse protein isolate: a systematic review

Currently, in the field of food production, the priority direction is the creation of products enriched with biologically active components, macro- and microelements. The use of such products in food significantly affects human health and life expectancy. Increasing the nutritional value of food through the use of unconventional natural raw materials contributes to an increase in the amount of nutrients balanced and distributed among themselves in the composition of the product, which directly affects the human body when consumed. A study was conducted to analyze publications on the nutritional, biological value, functional properties of green buckwheat, as well as rapeseed protein isolate. Green buckwheat has a huge supply of nutrients and can be used for the production of flour confectionery. Replacing wheat flour with green buckwheat flour does not affect the physico-chemical quality indicators of the finished product, but significantly improves organoleptic indicators. The results obtained prove that rapeseed protein isolate can be used to transform food formulations, enriching them with vegetable protein, as a substitute for animal proteins. The emulsifying properties of rapeseed protein are important in food systems such as dressings, mayonnaise or ice cream. Water absorption capacity plays a role in the formation of bakery products and flour confectionery products. Despite all the above-described useful, nutritious and functional properties of green buckwheat and rapeseed protein isolate, in fact, are rarely used as functional ingredients, especially in confectionery production. The results of this study may provide a new approach to the development of new food products.