Life Cycle Design Research Articles

Evaluation of the safety standards system of power batteries for electric vehicles in China

In recent years, electric vehicle safety incidents related to batteries have occurred frequently enough to question the adequacy of the current international safety standards. As the world's leading producer of batteries for electric vehicles, China has thus formulated its own national standards, but there are questions as to the unique value of these standards. This review paper analyzes the Chinese safety standards from the perspective of the battery materials, cells, modules, battery systems, battery management systems, and vehicles. The findings from the analysis of the Chinese standards is used to provide suggestions for building better international battery safety standards with recommendations for different battery levels, battery life cycle design and emerging battery technologies.

Modelling lifecycles of inter-organizational collaborations in healthcare: a systematic review and best-fit framework synthesis

PurposeInter-organisational collaboration (IOC) across healthcare settings has been put forward as a solution to mounting financial and sustainability challenges. Whilst ingredients for successful IOC have been explored, there remains limited understanding of the development of IOCs over time.Design/methodology/approachThe authors systematically reviewed the literature to identify models applied to IOCs in healthcare across databases such as Healthcare Management Information Consortium (HMIC) and MEDLINE, identifying 2,763 titles and abstracts with 26 final papers included. The authors then used a “best fit” framework synthesis methodology to synthesise fourteen models of IOC in healthcare and the wider public sector to formulate an applied composite model describing the process through which collaborations change over time. This synthesis comprised extracting stages and behaviours from included models, selecting an a priori framework upon which to code these stages and behaviours and then re-coding them to construct a new composite model.FindingsExisting models often did not consider that organisations may undergo many IOCs in the organisations' lifetime nor included “contemplation” stages or those analogous to “dissolution”, which might negatively impact papers using such models. The formulated' composite model utilises a life-cycle design comprising five non-linear phases, namely Contemplating, Connecting, Planning, Implementation and Maintenance or Dissolution and incorporates dynamic elements from Complex Adaptive Systems thinking to reflect the dynamic nature of collaborations.Originality/valueThis is the first purpose-built model of the lifecycles of IOCs in healthcare. The model is intended to inform implementers, evaluators and researchers of IOCs alike.

Upskilling Future Workers in the Fashion Sector

The European Commission within the Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles cited circular business model solutions and ecodesign strategies as paramount for the sustainability of the textile sector. Nevertheless, how can sustainability knowledge be transmitted to the constellation of SMEs? The Eu Act for skills identified a gap between the knowledge currently owned by companies and the skills required for the green transition. The research investigated the possibilities of conducting the upskilling by integrating the Life Cycle Design approach within fashion design education. A toolkit has been developed for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of eco-design strategies in which Life Cycle Assessment analysis has a keyrole. The toolkit validation took place through a set of intensive workshops and a structured course, involving around 400 students at university level. Finally, the brands involved have enthusiastically greeted the effectiveness of students’ outcomes.

Human Factors, Analysis Tools and Methods for Development of Reliable Aircraft Design

This paper provides an overview of different tools and methods that are capable of addressing human factors issues during an aircraft design programme. The huge amount of literature available is classified into a comprehensive birds eye view of the field. This is described in the form of taxonomy. Methods to determine the root cause of an airline incident/accident are discussed with application of Human Factors Analysis Classification System framework to few commercial airline accidents. Tools for identifying probability of human error in a task scenario are examined and a promising method for human error prediction is illustrated for a typical landing scenario. Also, different workload assessment methodologies are described in brief along with their strengths and limitations. Finally, a novel aircraft/component design methodology is proposed with human performance modelling tools that shall reduce the design life cycle and the inherent cost involved. In a nutshell, this paper basically discusses on how to design an aircraft that can reduce the incidents attributable to human factors.

Effect of corrosion on self-centering energy dissipative devices

This study reveals the effect of corrosion on the performance of typical self-centering energy dissipation devices for seismic resilience enhancement. Two types of SC devices, namely, high-strength steel ring spring-based SC damper (HSSR damper) and SMA ring spring-based SC damper (SMAR damper), are examined. These specimens were subjected to 720 h’ accelerated corrosion, corresponding to roughly 20 years’ exposure to city out-door environment. Numerical studies are carried out in ABAQUS to further interpret the test results. Among other important findings, the tests showed that the HSSR damper is likely to lose its self-centering capability after corrosion. The high-strength steel (HSS) rings were severely corroded, and the restoring force provided by the rings was insufficient to overcome the friction action. The SMAR damper showed much reduced sensitivity to corrosion. For both dampers, there was no damage to either the SMA/HSS rings or the other components under repeated loading, implying a low risk of corrosion-related low-cycle fatigue failure. The numerical study implies that the friction condition over the entire contact surface is not identical once the damper experiences corrosion. A “two-region modelling strategy” with a smaller friction coefficient and a larger friction coefficient leads to satisfactory agreements with the test results for the corroded HSSR damper. For the SMAR damper, a constant friction coefficient for the surfaces between inner and outer rings has been found to be appropriate for both non-corroded and corroded cases. Based on the limited experimental and numerical data, it is recommended that anti-corrosion measurement should be mandatory for HSSR dampers. Overstrength due to the long-term effect should also be considered in the design of HSSR dampers from a life-cycle design point of view. If no special anti-corrosion measurement is applied, an overstrength factor of 1.3 may be considered. Overstrength may be ignored for SMAR dampers. By representing the key components of SC devices as a group of springs, the analytical description of considered SC devices can be obtained.

Eccentric compression test and ultimate load strength analysis of circular CFST long column with local corrosion

During the service period, the load bearing capacity of circular concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) structures decreases over time under harsh corrosive environment, seriously threatening to the structural safety. In this paper, an artificial machining defect was introduced to simulate a local circumferentia-through corrosion on the exterior surface of steel tube, and thus 45 CFST long columns with local corrosion of a moderate slenderness ratio were tested by varying corrosion position, degree of corrosion volume loss (DoV), degree of corrosion surface area loss (DoA) and degree of corrosion wall-thickness loss (DoT). Their impacts on the axial bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility were discussed. The research results reveal that all failure modes for the specimens display feature of global compression-bending failure with local outward buckling; with increasing the DoV, the bearing capacity, stiffness and ductility of CFST specimen with local corrosion declines to different extents; as for the effect of local corrosion position, the largest one occurs while the corrosion is located at the mid-length of specimen; Ranking the effect of corrosion parameters on the compression-bending performance, the largest one is the DoV, then the second the DoT and the minimum the DoA. For the local circumferentia-through corrosion, very small effect of the DoA is actually observed. A simplified practical prediction model was established for the compression-bending bearing capacity of locally corroded CFST columns, which can provide a reference framework for their life-cycle design.

Methodology for the Formation of a Digital Model of the Life Cycle of an Offshore Oil and Gas Platform

This article systematizes scientific views on the problems associated with the conditions and patterns of creating a digital model of a sophisticated engineering and technical complex. The main elements of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of the essence of the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is substantiated on the basis of modeling the subject space of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform using alternative graphs and information technologies. New concepts have been introduced into scientific circulation that reveal the essence of a digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform: life cycle cost, life cycle duration, and the scientific and technical level of the offshore oil and gas platform. The main provisions of the concept of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform are considered. Based on modeling the subject area of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform by alternative graphs, is shown the relationship between the stages of the life cycle. The technology of model-based design of the virtual life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is proposed. The developed model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform based on the display of the life cycle by alternative graphs makes it possible to choose solutions for each stage based on criteria common to the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform. A cyclic procedure for managing a virtual life cycle model of an offshore oil and gas platform has been developed. The digital model of the life cycle of an offshore oil and gas platform is constantly updated following the change in physical prototypes, which increases the accuracy of decisions based on it. The application of the model in practice will significantly reduce the number of full-scale tests of everything related to the manufacture of the real material part of a platform.

A Review on Durability of Foam Concrete

Foam concrete is a promising material in building and construction applications, providing such outstanding properties as high specific strength, excellent thermal insulation, and effective acoustic absorption in human-inhabited buildings. However, because the porosity and permeable water absorption properties of foam concrete are significantly higher, its durability is often not comparable to that of ordinary concrete, and so the durability of foam concrete requires significant attention during the life cycle of building applications. Durable materials can greatly reduce the environmental impact of waste from maintenance and replacement and the consumption of natural resources resulting from the production of repair and replacement materials. After hardening, the durability of foam concrete includes freeze-thaw cycle resistance, elevated temperature resistance, carbonation resistance, efflorescence resistance, sulfate resistance, chloride resistance, alkali-silica reaction, and so on. This paper reviews articles on the durability of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) foam concrete, geopolymer foam concrete (GFC), magnesium phosphate cement (MPC) foam concrete, sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) foam concrete, and limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) foam concrete and compares their durability to provide a reference for the life cycle design and service life estimation of foam concrete members.

Aplikasi Media Pembelajaran IPA Untuk MI Berbasis Augmented Reality

MI Darul Huda is one of the Islamic elementary schools iAn the Jabon District, Sidoarjo Regency. The learning process still uses books and 2-dimensional pictures. Therefore, supporting facilities and infrastructure are needed, educational media is one example of learning media that facilitates students in the interactive learning process so that students are not bored and students can see real 3D objects. Increase student interest in the learning process using augmented reality technology. Augmented reality (AR) scientific-based educational media application was developed for Michigan International University to assist student learning. The Multimedia Design and Development Life Cycle (MDLC) is a 6 stage process (concept, design, materials assembly, assembly, testing, distribution), used in this approach or study. Using markers, augmented reality science learning media applications can provide three-dimensional visuals of object markers. The research and testing all led to the conclusion that Android serves as a viable platform for using Augmented Reality as a scientific education tool. AR successfully displays 3D objects based on marker objects, features are able to run according to functions and information on science subject matter can be understood. The best results in displaying objects are from a distance of 10-15 cm with standard light conditions

Key Factors Influencing the Adoption of Building Information Modeling at PT. Penta Rekayasa

This study aims to uncover key factors influencing adoption process of BIM technology in an engineering consultant firm, Penta Rekayasa. The research employs mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis and qualitative input from industry experts and user judgement. A comprehensive of reviewing existing literature used to design a conceptual framework. A modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) chosen as a main landing theory to design conceptual framework. Additionally, seven main constructs identified to influence usage behavior along with seven hypotheses proposed: Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Social Influence (SI), Organizational Support (OS), Resistance to Change (RC), Facilitating Condition (FC) and Behavioral Intention (BI). Primary data is collected using questionnaire and semi-structure interview, further analysis is carried out utilizing SmartPLS software’s Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and thematic analysis for interview analysis. The findings demonstrate that four major constructs are regarded as influencing factors in the Penta BIM adoption process: Performance Expectancy (PE), Effort Expectancy (EE), Resistance to Change (RC), and Behavioral Intention (BI). Other three are neither supported as the path coefficient, p-values and t-values threshold is exceed. The result of thematic analysis using Braun & Clarke’s six-phase framework show three main problems arises that negatively influence the adoption process: Social influence and organizational support – unsupportive figure; Resistance to change – Penta’s employee resist to change; and facilitating condition – socialization and training importance. Based on user judgement, theories or practical article, and expert opinion; business solutions are proposed: Develop training and development system that can be used for BIM and future training; budgeting external education include seminar or bootcamp; Held internal meeting with stakeholders to increase the employee engagement and aligned goals with high management profile figure. For a long-term goal, Penta may also consider to develop BIM division in order to increase the speed of project completion. Lastly, the actionable schedule of implementation plan is proposed based on internal recommendation, project design life cycle, and working schedule to ensure the effectiveness of the program.

Evaluating Carbon Footprint in the Life Cycle Design of Residential Concrete Structures in Jordan

The construction industry is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and there is a growing global interest in reducing the environmental impact of carbon dioxide emissions associated with building construction and operation. Concrete, the most commonly used material in construction, is known to release a substantial amount of environmentally harmful waste throughout its life cycle, including production, construction, operation, and demolition. The worldwide production and consumption of concrete contribute to approximately 5% of all human-related CO2 emissions each year. To assess the carbon footprint of concrete manufacturing and its application in construction projects, a comprehensive approach called life cycle assessment (LCA) is necessary. This paper presents a new process-based LCA approach to analyze carbon emissions and evaluate the carbon footprint of concrete from raw material extraction to the end-of-life stage. To address carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of concrete structures in the Middle East, the study adopts a case study approach, focusing on selected concrete structures in Jordan. The findings from these case studies highlight that the operational phase of concrete structures is the primary contributor to carbon emissions. By thoroughly examining the carbon cycle within structures and their interactions with the surrounding ecosystem, significant reductions in CO2 emissions, environmental deterioration, and its consequences can be achieved. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-07-07 Full Text: PDF

The ethical challenges of personalized digital health.

Personalized digital health systems (pHealth) bring together in sharp juxtaposition very different yet hopefully complementary moral principles in the shared objectives of optimizing health care and the health status of individual citizens while maximizing the application of robust clinical evidence through harnessing powerful and often complex modern data-handling technologies. Principles brought together include respecting the confidentiality of the patient-clinician relationship, the need for controlled information sharing in teamwork and shared care, benefitting from healthcare knowledge obtained from real-world population-level outcomes, and the recognition of different cultures and care settings. This paper outlines the clinical process as enhanced through digital health, reports on the examination of the new issues raised by the computerization of health data, outlines initiatives and policies to balance the harnessing of innovation with control of adverse effects, and emphasizes the importance of the context of use and citizen and user acceptance. The importance of addressing ethical issues throughout the life cycle of design, provision, and use of a pHealth system is explained, and a variety of situation-relevant frameworks are presented to enable a philosophy of responsible innovation, matching the best use of enabling technology with the creation of a culture and context of trustworthiness.

BIM–based time-varying system reliability analysis for buildings and infrastructures

In recent decades, building information modelling (BIM) technology has been rapidly developed and applied widely in the building industry. Although BIM technology is crucial for the whole design, construction, operation, and maintenance life cycle of building structures, BIM-based infrastructure time effect analysis still has limitless potential. Nevertheless, the current BIM-based study on time effect focuses mostly on cost and schedule analyses for buildings. The assessment of infrastructure places greater emphasis on component level evaluation and ignores how components affect system safety. In this paper, a BIM-reliability integrated technology for time-varying and system analysis of structural safety is developed. In the developed framework, parameters information for calculating component reliability are first extracted from the BIM model. The BIM model is then transformed into a topology structure and based on the transformed structure, the risk assessment is conducted through stochastic approaches. The suggested framework is demonstrated using two different cases: a long-term corrosion impact analysis example of an underground pipeline network and a short-term seismic load analysis instance of a four-layer frame. In the short-term analysis, the structural analysis is performed by integrating REVIT-Dynamo and OpenSees, taking into account the randomness of the material properties and the fabrication size. The design optimization can be carried out by comparing the reliability of inter-storey displacement under seismic load in different design schemes, and the system failure probability is more sensitive to the changes in the failure probability of each floor. In the long-term analysis, the time-varying reliability and importance index of each pipe during its lifetime are calculated using the transformed topology algorithm and the stochastic corrosion model. It is found that the BIM-reliability integrated technology can effectively evaluate the impact of time effect on the safety of the structures and is of great significance for structures with unknown working environment and working conditions.

Zero-Trust for the System Design Lifecycle

Abstract In an age of worsening global threat landscape and accelerating uncertainty, the design and manufacture of systems must increase resilience and robustness across both the system itself and the entire systems design process. We generally trust our colleagues after initial clearance/background checks; and systems to function as intended and within operating parameters after safety engineering review, verification, validation, and/or system qualification testing. This approach has led to increased insider threat impacts; thus, we suggest moving to the “trust, but verify” approach embodied by the Zero-Trust paradigm. Zero-Trust is increasingly adopted for network security but has not seen wide adoption in systems design and operation. Achieving the goal of Zero-Trust throughout the systems lifecycle will help to ensure that no single bad actor—whether human or machine learning/artificial intelligence (ML/AI)—can induce failure anywhere in a system’s lifecycle. Additionally, while ML/AI and their associated risks are already entrenched within the operations phase of many systems’ lifecycles, ML/AI is gaining traction during the design phase. For example, generative design algorithms are increasingly popular, but there is less understanding of potential risks. Adopting the Zero-Trust philosophy helps ensure robust and resilient design, manufacture, operations, maintenance, upgrade, and disposal of systems. We outline the rewards and challenges of implementing Zero-Trust and propose the framework for Zero-Trust for the system design lifecycle. This article highlights several areas of ongoing research with focus on high priority areas where the community should focus efforts.

Energy Efficiency Model Construction of Building Carbon Neutrality Design

We aim to create a feasible quantitative method to calculate the energy efficiency of building designs that are carbon-neutral and to develop a workable way of calculating energy efficiency in buildings that achieve carbon neutrality and the system for such a building’s design energy efficiency function. This paper first clarifies the idea of the design energy efficiency function for a carbon-neutral building over its whole life cycle. Subsequently, through the efficient analysis of carbon-neutral design dimension measures, this paper summarizes and integrates the mature theories of various disciplines, puts forward the energy efficiency function model of carbon-neutral design background, propulsion, and coverage, and implements the energy efficiency function model of carbon-neutral design in the whole life cycle of buildings. The index value of a building’s carbon emission factor is established based on the carbon accounting factor published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and a carbon neutrality energy efficiency model for buildings over the duration of their whole life cycle is constructed. The results were as follows. 1. Technology energy efficiency is far better than scale energy efficiency and comprehensive energy efficiency. 2. The better the energy efficiency value inside the building stage, the less consumption and the higher the production. 3. Construction is when technical energy is used the least. This paper refers to a systematic design method that makes the level of building carbon neutrality design technologically advanced with the aid of all types of big data related to the building life cycle and various innovative design theories in order to fully represent the fundamental level, development potential, and the effectiveness of choosing the strategy of building carbon neutrality.

Adding value through enterprise building information models in health-care services

Purpose The main aim of this paper is to describe the potential benefits of enterprise building information models (EBIMs) for health-care institutions. The main research question addressed is how data from EBIM could be leveraged to create value for hospitals beyond design, construction and traditional facility management. Design/methodology/approach Three different prototypes, which use different technologies in combination with EBIM, are described to illustrate different uses of EBIM within the context of a hospital and health-care operations. The case study approach has been used to present the prototypes. Findings EBIM data, in combination with other data sources, increases the potential benefits of the data with respect to many health-care-related processes, during the operation of a health-care institution. The benefits of EBIM span beyond the design and construction life cycle phases of a hospital and provide value to a variety of stakeholders in multiple health-care-related processes. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of this work is the limited sources of data and information such as the specific methods that were used in the design and development of each of the prototypes and a deeper insight into the design rationale and decisions. Another limitation of this paper is that the findings have not been validated. Practical implications This study demonstrates the value of convergence of a number of technologies such as EBIM, data and different types of technologies, throughout the life cycle of a building. This study also highlights the value of building information models (BIMs) data for supporting the design of novel educational and other types of application areas. The practical implications include the value for multiple stakeholders, such as resources planning, fleet and equipment management and contract negotiation. Benefits identified for resource planning can have strategic and financial implications at the management level. For patients, visitors and health-care personnel, there may be reduced infections, cleaner and pleasant facilities as well as a reduction of time to find relevant resources. Social implications Social implications" could be replaced by "For patients, visitors and health-care personnel, there may be cleaner and pleasant facilities and easy navigation support through the hospital. Furthermore, enhanced access to knowledge and information about the artefact and assets in the hospital can enhance learning and knowledge sharing. Originality/value This study identifies the lack of research in using BIM with other data for value-added services for multiple stakeholders in the operations phase of a hospital and addresses that research gap.

Web-Based Application for New Student Admissions (PPDB) at SMP Negeri 1 Ledo

In this study the model used is the waterfall model in designing and building new student admissions information systems, the waterfall model is a model that is part of the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) design model, where the design begins with the process of requirements, design, implementation, integration & testing, operations & maintenance. Data collection techniques through field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The new student admission application is designed based on a website using the PHP programming language with a MySQL database, and SublimeText3 as an editor. This application has two levels of access rights, namely admin, and prospective students. Admin has the highest access rights and can perform user management, form data for prospective students, as well as management of the number of prospective students who have passed, and prospective students have the lowest access rights in the application. The purpose of making this research is to develop new student acceptance applications that are able to manage the implementation of new student admissions. Applications for accepting new students can help admins and prospective students in accepting new students so that PPDB can run more effectively and efficiently. The result of making this final project is a Website-Based New Student Acceptance Application at SMP Negeri 1 Ledo.

Development of Application for Airfoil Generation and Testing

Abstract: CAD automation works by utilizing tools and technology to increase the speed at which a design is completed. The CAD workflows that you set up can be carried out over and over again much like any other repetitive task in your office. This allows for multiple designs to be completed with reduced effort, freeing up valuable time for more important tasks and creativity. The application devloped automates the processes required to create an 3D part file of any airfoil.The application also provides a script to automate the next step i.e CFD analysis of the airfoil. The application is divided in 4 major parts according to the task automated. In the first section , the user can enter the parameters of desired airfoil,these parameters are then utilized by the software to create coordinates of the points that lie on airfoil. After this a curve is fitted to the airfoil points and the coefficients of the fitted curve are displayed and stored. In the section , the coefficients generated in the first section are utilized to generate CAD files of the airfoil. In the third section the software provides a python script that automates the task of carrying out the CFD simulation of airfoil. Lastly the “results” section provides a workspace to analyze the output of CFD simulation. Thus the application acts as a complete workstation for design life cycle of the airfoil.

Methods for Life Cycle Evaluation and Design of Packaging

The current use of packaging provokes significant environmental impact. This impact comes from all stages of the packaging life cycle. In order to help in the design and development of packaging with minimal or no environmental impact, this article proposes a hybrid use that integrates descriptive and prescriptive methods. While descriptive methods aim at investigating and describing the environmental impact of packaging, prescriptive methods help to work on the planning and design of product packaging with environmental responsibility. Two descriptive assessment methods and three prescriptive design methods are proposed as viable options to be used in a hybrid approach to packaging design projects. Future work would inquire about case studies of the hybrid use proposed in real world or hypothetical packaging design projects.

A recipe for an omnichannel warehouse storage system: Improving the storage efficiency by integrating block stacking and racking

Warehouses in multi-channel retailing are expected to possess storage capacity based on the purpose of operations. However, the inefficient use of storage capacity due to omnichannel retail restructuring, wherein mixed-storage items feature both online and offline, has prompted us to revisit the nature of existing storage systems (block stacking and racking). Most warehouses continue to improvise and undertake critical decision-making with regard to profiling balanced storage systems between block stacking and racking, including the efficient slotting of unit-load items across storage systems. This study aimed to establish a framework to systemically improve storage efficiency by achieving an optimum balance between block stacking and racking under inventory uncertainty – lot size and item dimensions. This study ingeniously proposes a two-stage stochastic programming model for robust optimisation during long-run profiling (redesign) and the multi-dimensional knapsack problem for achieving minimum space wastage during slotting (reshuffle). The study adopted a two-fold approach. First, the hypothetical directions for a balanced system, combining increases in buildings’ ceiling heights with its tendency to store low-volume, high-mix items, were examined. Second, the applicability of the two methods – redesign and reshuffle – was examined by considering a real-life case study and the life cycle of warehouse storage design. It was found that the reshuffling approach can resourcefully serve as a short-term solution for warehouses with imminent space issues. Redesigning also demonstrated a long-term space gain in floor space, thus minimising space wastage.