Life Circle Research Articles

Research on the village layout optimization in China's developed areas based on daily life circles.

Public service facilities are the basic material carrier of social services. It is of great significance for the operation of social justice and the improvement of residents' wellbeing. In the process of rapid urbanization, the demand for traffic convenience and diversity of public service facilities in rural areas has been further improved. Since the sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, it is more necessary to meet the public service needs of human daily life within a certain space. The huge gap between urban and rural infrastructures, human living conditions, and supporting public services such as education, health, and culture has become a key bottleneck constraining the integration of urban and rural areas. It is appropriate to focus on the requirements for the construction of daily life circles and prioritize the satisfaction of villagers' increasing demand for public services in regions characterized by high levels of urban-rural integration. The behavior preference of public service facilities significantly affects the choice of residential areas. The existing research on village layout optimization focused on the spatial pattern, landscape morphology, influencing factors, and other contents. To some extent, the preference for equalization of public services in the context of urban-rural integration has been ignored. Uneven distribution and low utilization of public service facilities in villages resulted in an inability to adapt spatially and functionally in response to the renewal of urban-rural relations. Taking a highly developed urban and rural integration area named Wuxi City of Jiangsu Province in China as an example, this paper combines the current situation of public service facility allocation and the transport situation of residents in rural areas to build a life-circle system of different levels. On this basis, combined with the optimization goal of public service facilities and the constraints of agglomeration coverage, we try to determine the village layout optimization scheme under the construction of both the daily life circle and location-allocation model. The study can effectively adjust the allocation of public resources in rural areas and solve the problems of irrational village layout leading to long travel distances. It can also serve as a reference for improving the situation of lagging rural public service functions and promoting urban-rural equalization.

People-Oriented: A Framework for Evaluating the Level of Green Space Provision in the Life Circle from a Supply and Demand Perspective: A Case Study of Gulou District, Nanjing, China

Green space resources, in the context of urbanisation, cannot meet the actual needs of residents well, and the study of the balance of green space resource allocation based on the relationship between supply and demand is an urgent problem to be solved. This study quantitatively evaluates the green space supply level from four dimensions by constructing a framework for assessment in the community life circle. It also evaluates the matching of green space supply and demand, resource distribution fairness, and distribution equilibrium under group differentiation through the supply–demand coupling matrix, the Gini coefficient, and the Kruskal–Wallis H non-parametric rank-sum test, respectively. This study shows that: (1) A significant spatial imbalance exists in green space resource allocation in community life circles in different dimensions. (2) The comprehensive green space supply level in the community life circle matched the total demand of residents to a low degree. (3) There was significant inequality in green space resource allocation within the community life circle (the Gini coefficient of each evaluation perspective was >0.4). Based on the study results, we were able to identify community life circles with spatial mismatches, different supply and demand, and other green space resource allocation problems, which is of great significance to urban green space research and planning practice under the ‘green justice’ framework.

Design and Implementation of the SALUTS System to Support of Improvement of Tourism Transactions and Promotion

This research aims to design and build a tourism system in Sumbawa Regency. In this research is using a qualitative approach that used model of rapid application development (RAD) for system development life circle (SDLC) method. Overall the first stage is system planning, next stage is analyzing tourism data and information that would be presented on web and android technology based. In addition, for users interface display is the attractive database design. The final stage is coding the system and produce a prototype for the implementation which is presenting on the web pages and google play store for android smartphones. The system presented could be used for evaluation, monitoring and facilitating of tourism transaction and promotion processes in Sumbawa Regency.

Implemantasi Autentikasi Hotspot Menggunakan Radius Server Mikrotik Router Pada Rumah Sakit Misi Lebak

The Lebak misi hospital area currently mostly using wireless networks where usage is increasing and bandwidth is uneven. Between one user and another and the admin only provides password protection for existing access points. which will cause instability between one user and another, therefore the author uses the Radius server as a bandwidth divider as well as security with user authentication and adding a QR code to the authentication. and the author uses the NDLC (Network Development Life Circle) method. As a reference for the radius server configuration using a proxy router. and the results obtained are the percentage of user bandwidth before using the server radius of 0.99Mbps on download and upload of 1.19Mbps for smartphones on laptops of 6.72Mbps for download and upload of 2.21Mbps then after using the radius of the server the average bandwidth speed using user and password of 0.75Mbps for download and 0.80Mbps upload and the success status is very good, all devices can authenticate. and those who can use a QR code of 0.36Mbps for download and 0.44Mbps for Upload with a poor success status because some devices are not compatible for authentication using a QR code by scanning webqr.com.

Functional features of a novel interferon-stimulated gene SHFL: a comprehensive review.

Various interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), expressed via Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway-stimulated IFNs to increase antiviral effects or regulate immune response, perform different roles in virus-infected cells. In recent years, a novel ISG, SHFL, which is located in the genomic region 19p13.2 and comprises two isoforms, has been studied as a virus-inhibiting agent. Studies have shown that SHFL suppressive effects on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV), Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). SHFL interacts with various viral and host molecules to inhibit viral life circle and activities, such as replication, translation, and ribosomal frameshifting, or regulates host pathways to degrade viral proteins. In this review, we summarized the functional features of SHFL to provide insights to underlying mechanisms of the antiviral effects of SHFL and explored its potential function.

Dynamic Responses of a Shallow Lined Tunnel with Imperfect Interface Under Transient P Wave

Shallow-buried cavities and underground structures are inevitably subjected to transient perturbation from earthquakes or engineering activities during their life circle, leading to the occurrence of dynamic failure. The investigation presented by this paper concentrates on the dynamic responses triggered by an aperiodic transient [Formula: see text] wave around a circular lined tunnel with an imperfect interface in a half-space and the spring model is employed to describe the interface between rock mass and liner. Resorting to the wave function expansion scheme, the large arc assumption, the Graf’s addition theorem and the numerical inversion algorithm of Laplace transformation, the dynamic responses around a circular shallow lined tunnel with an imperfect interface are evaluated theoretically. The good agreement of time–history curves and contour snapshots for stress between the theoretical solutions and the numerical counterparts validates the analytical scheme. The effect of disturbance direction, embedment depth, thickness of liner and interface coefficients on the dynamic responses around the shallow-buried lined tunnel is analyzed. The results indicate that the positions of peak hoop dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) are approximately perpendicular to the perturbation direction. The DSCF distributions converge to be stable when the ratio of embedment depth to excavation radius exceeds 10.0. The thickness of the liner mainly affects the dynamic responses around the interface. Increase of elastic coefficient induces a decreasing DSCF in rock mass and an increasing counterpart in the liner. The results may provide the theoretical basis for the transient responses and aseismic design of underground tunnels.

Transient Self‐Assembled Materials with Controllable Lifespan for Programmable Fluorescence

AbstractTransient structures play a wide range of vital roles in biological systems. Different from static structures that form the skeleton of bio‐tissues, transient structures only occur at certain spatial and temporal scales to undertake their duties in the life circle. Despite the significant progress in the field of artificial molecular self‐assembly studies, it still remains challenging to construct functional transient structures. Herein, the shaping of transient coordinating self‐assembled structures and their fluorescence is reported via host‐guest interaction that disfavors the assembly. The host‐guest interaction between the luminescent ligand and cyclodextrin drastically changes the kinetics of the coordinating self‐assembly, enabling the formation of transient structures. Different from the static equilibrium one with typical monomer emission in the UV region, the transient self‐assembly forms excimers, leading to visible emission. More intriguingly, the life cycle of the transient structures can be easily modulated by varying the host‐guest ratio, ligand‐metal ratio, as well as temperature. This makes it possible to create living patterns that mimic the growth of plants at different life stages. It is therefore envisioned that the creation of transient molecular self‐assembly will open a new paradigm in the field of molecular self‐assembly featuring advanced materials with dynamic functions.

Supply-demand matching assessment of the public service facilities in 15-minute community life circle based on residents' behaviors

15-minute community life circle focuses on residents' daily needs and aligns with “people-oriented” planning. However, the personalized needs of residents have been ignored in literatures, resulting in the mismatch between the supply and demand of public service facilities (PSFs) as well as the unfair supply of different population groups among communities. Based on community life circle, we proposed a multi-group huff three-step floating catchment area (MGH3SFCA) model to evaluate the supply-demand matching levels of PSFs for different age groups in Nanjing, China. The results showed that the supply-demand between PSFs and different age groups was relatively mismatched in the main urban area of Nanjing, and medical care facilities were seriously inadequate to fulfill the needs of any age group. Comprehensive accessibility varied depending on the frequency of visits to PSFs for each age group. Although age groups had a similar spatial pattern of comprehensive accessibility at community and building scales, the service coverage rate of PSFs was larger at the building scale, and the assessment of supply-demand matching of PSFs at the building scale was more accurate and reliable. The findings would provide important decision-making support for the targeted allocation of PSFs in 15-minute community life circle.

An analysis of the spatio-temporal behavior of COVID-19 patients using activity trajectory data

During the global pandemic, COVID-19 patients' activity trajectories and actions emerge as revelatory conduits elucidating their spatiotemporal behavior and transmission dynamics. This study analyzes COVID-19 patients' behavior in Nanjing and Yangzhou, China, by using patient activity trajectory data in conjunction with complex network theory. The main findings are as follows: (1) The evaluation of the activity network structure of patients revealed that “residential areas” and “vegetable markets” had the highest betweenness centrality, indicating that these are the primary nodes of COVID-19 transmission. (2) The power-law distribution of the degree distribution of nodes for different facility types revealed that residential areas, vegetable markets, and shopping malls had the most scale-free characteristics, indicating that a large number of patients visited these three facility types at a few access points. (3) Community detection showed that patient visitation sites in Nanjing and Yangzhou were divided into five or six communities, with the largest community containing the outbreak origin and several residential areas surrounding it. (4) Patients had fewer activities across administrative regions but more activities across the life circle when the pandemic broke out in the suburbs, and more activities across administrative regions but fewer activities across the life circle when the pandemic broke out in the central city. Based on these findings, this paper makes recommendations for future pandemic preparedness in an effort to achieve effective pandemic control and reduce the damage caused by pandemics. Overall, this study provides insights into understanding the transmission patterns of COVID-19 and may inform future pandemic control strategies.

Discussion on "15-Minute City" from the Perspective of Neighborhood Effect and Urban Facilities

Due to the rapid development of the city, a series of problems such as con-gestion, inequality, and low efficiency have emerged in the city. Therefore, the urban planners have proposed a new urban planning plan of "15-minute urban life circle", hoping to solve some urgent problems existing in the city. In order to analyze the impact of the 15-minute urban life circle on the city, this paper analyzes the planning from the perspective of the neighborhood effect. The study found that the 15-minute urban life circle solved the prob-lem of long commuting times in employment and gave residents better con-venience in daily consumption. However, there are still some problems in the initial stage of such planning, such as social isolation, uneven distribu-tion of resources, and neglect of the elderly. In order to further improve these problems, this paper proposes the direction of public space sharing, improving infrastructure, and paying attention to special groups.

Nonlinear Hierarchical Effects of Housing Prices and Built Environment Based on Multiscale Life Circle—A Case Study of Chengdu

Determining the optimal planning scale for urban life circles and analyzing the associated built environment factors are crucial for comprehending and regulating residential differentiation. This study aims to bridge the current research void concerning the nonlinear hierarchical relationships between the built environment and residential differentiation under the multiscale effect. Specifically, six indicators were derived from urban crowdsourcing data: diversity of built environment function (DBEF1), density of built environment function (DBEF2), blue–green environment (BGE), traffic accessibility (TA), population vitality (PV), and shopping vitality (SV). Then, a gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) was applied to derive the analysis of these indicators. Finally, the interpretability of machine learning was leveraged to quantify the relative importance and nonlinear relationships between built environment indicators and housing prices. The results indicate a hierarchical structure and inflection point effect of the built environment on residential premiums. Notably, the impact trend of the built environment on housing prices within a 15 min life circle remains stable. The effect of crowd behavior, as depicted by PV and SV, on housing prices emerges as the most significant factor. Furthermore, this study also categorizes housing into common and high-end residences, thereby unveiling that distinct residential neighborhoods exhibit varying degrees of dependence on the built environment. The built environment exerts a scale effect on the formation of residential differentiation, with housing prices exhibiting increased sensitivity to the built environment at a smaller life circle scale. Conversely, the effect of the built environment on housing prices is amplified at a larger life circle scale. Under the dual influence of the scale and hierarchical effect, this framework can dynamically adapt to the uncertainty of changes in life circle planning policies and residential markets. This provides strong theoretical support for exploring the optimal life circle scale, alleviating residential differentiation, and promoting group fairness.

Availability and Adequacy of Facilities in 15 Minute Community Life Circle Located in Old and New Communities

The 15 minute Community Life Circle (15 min-CLC) concept is an urban planning approach that aims to provide various daily services for citizens within a short distance. It has been widely adopted in China, especially in large cities. However, there is a lack of research on how to apply the 15 min-CLC concept in second-tier cities, which have high population densities and lower quality of life. This study chose Jinan City as a case study to explore the underdeveloped areas and facilities of 15 min-CLCs in rapidly developing and medium-size cities, called second-tier cities. First, it analyzed the distribution of facilities and residential POIs in old communities, new communities, and the whole city, to find out which types of facilities are missing at the community level. Second, it examined the relationship between facilities and population in each 15 min-CLC by using the Facility to Population Ratio (FPR), to evaluate the sufficiency of facilities to meet the daily needs of residents. Through the analysis of facility distribution and Facility to Population Ratio, our study found that old communities have all the required facility types within each 15 min-CLC, but they do not have enough number of facilities to support the population. At the same time, identified the underdeveloped regions and provided specific development directions for each 15 min-CLC. The FPR methodology developed in this study can be used to evaluate whether the existing facilities can meet the daily needs of residents in a certain region.

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors on the Retail Industry in the Central Urban Area of Lanzhou City at the Scale of Daily Living Circles

Using a people-centered approach to new urbanization, China has committed to building high-quality living environments through improving urban livability and promoting a stronger sense of belonging among residents. Retail stores serve as one of the most immediate and accessible destinations for residents’ consumption, and their spatial configuration has a direct impact on residents’ satisfaction and happiness in their daily lives. In this context, for the present study we selected the central urban area of Lanzhou City as the case study area. Based on POI data and using the daily life circle as the basic unit, we applied methods such as kernel density analysis, hotspot analysis, and the Shannon–Weaver index to analyze spatial distribution patterns of the retail industry. Furthermore, we applied Geodetector to analyze the impacts of four factors that are closely related to the retail industry: economic level, convenience level, market demand, and location. The conclusions are as follows: In the central urban area of Lanzhou, the retail industry exhibits a belt distribution pattern along the Yellow River. The density of distribution gradually decreases from the city center toward the outskirts, forming four prominent agglomeration centers. Overall, within the central urban area of Lanzhou, the spatial distribution of the retail industry at the scale of daily living circles shows that only a small proportion of the industry demonstrates noticeable clustering effects. In terms of spatial patterns, the retail industry at the scale of the daily living circles demonstrates similar characteristics in terms of diversity and agglomeration distribution. It exhibits a decreasing trend from the urban core toward the peripheral areas. The agglomeration distribution pattern of the retail industry in the central urban area of Lanzhou is considerably influenced by market demand, economic level, convenience, and location. The spatial distribution of the retail industry in the central urban area is primarily influenced by economic factors and convenience, while market demand plays a major role and location has a relatively minimal impact.

Optimization of an integrated system including a photovoltaic/thermal system and a ground source heat pump system for building energy supply in cold areas

The photovoltaic (PV) collectors tend to overheat in summer, which reduces the efficiency of power generation. The unbalanced heating and cooling loads cause the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system to operate unstably in severe cold areas. To solve the above two problems simultaneously, an integrated system including a photovoltaic/thermal system and a ground source heat pump system (PVT-GSHP) was proposed, which had an extremely high energy utilization efficiency. However, the complex variation of cooling and heating loads was influenced by meteorological conditions over time. The demand of efficient operation and good economy of the system challenged the optimal configuration and control strategy among multiple energy sources, which was investigated in this study. A dynamic model of the PVT-GSHP system based on TRNSYS was developed and the corresponding control strategy was formulated. The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the matching of buried pipe lengths and PVT collector areas. The effects of different matching on the system parts and the whole performance were analyzed. The results show that increasing the PVT collector area can increase the ground temperature and shorten the buried pipe length, but it is not good for summer cooling, thus there is an optimal match. Compared with two independent systems of the traditional GSHP system and PV generation system, the PVT-GSHP system has excellent advantages and application prospects because it has 48.3% reduction in the total buried pipe length, 68.89% reduction in the footprint area of ground heat exchangers, 10% increase in the heating coefficient of performance (COP) and 72.3% reduction in life circle cost. This study provides theoretical support for the optimal design of the PVT-GSHP systems and similar complementary multi-energy systems.

The Equity of Basic Educational Facilities from the Perspective of Space

Basic education pursues “balance” and “quality” under the premise of “universalization”. High-quality and balanced education is the general strategy of international education. We used urban network tools to measure the spatial equity of three types of basic educational facilities (kindergarten, primary school, and middle school) in the main urban area of Lanzhou City, China, from the perspective of supply and demand. This can optimize the allocation of educational facilities, and make up for the shortage of basic educational facilities. It can also provide a scientific reference and new ideas for research on public service facilities. The conclusions are: (1) The distribution of basic educational facilities presented a typical pattern of belt-shaped clusters, river trends, and dense east and sparse west. The spatial dislocation between facilities and residential buildings was significant and occurred in numerous instances. (2) The supply of basic educational facilities was weak. There were significant differences in spatial accessibility among different types and regions. The spatial accessibility of kindergartens (34.83%) was the best with regard to walking conditions, followed by primary schools (27.43%) and middle schools (21.11%). (3) The distribution of basic educational facilities was affected by factors such as historical development, natural geography, social economies, and the travel behaviors of residents; (4) It is necessary to improve the problem of spatial imbalance through the implementation of refined planning management and resource allocation of infrastructure, the construction of a “community life circle”, and the establishment of an early warning mechanism for academic degree attainment combined with big data.

Edu-game Application Based-Android Quantity and Unit Concepts Using Game Engine Constructs 2

The purpose of this research is to produce alternative learning media about understanding the concept of unit size as an interactive and fun educational tool. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method and the product development model uses the MDLC (Multimedia Development Life Circle)) consisting of six stages, namely concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, distribution. The media expert validation test concluded that media expert 1 with an average percentage of 77% included the criteria of "Appropriate", media expert 2 with an average percentage of 80% included the criteria of "Very Eligible", and media expert 3 with an average percentage of 97% included criteria of "Very Eligible". The overall results of the validation of media experts obtained an average percentage of 84% including the "Very Eligible" criteria. Limited trials with 32 respondents resulted in an overall testing average of 97% including the criteria of "Very Eligible" and for achieving student learning outcomes an average of 84.34 was obtained including the criteria above the KKM. The results of this study are the Edugame Application of the Android-Based Concept of Units and Quantities Using Game Engine Construct 2 which is suitable for use.

Evaluation Study on the Layout of Community Senior Living Facilities in the Main Area of Shanghai from the Perspective of Senior Life Circle

The senior life circle is the basic unit space for building a high quality of senior living in the city, and the service level of the community senior facilities within it is directly related to the daily quality of life of the elderly residents. From the perspective of daily life needs, this study constructs a community senior living facility system consisting of “three levels, six categories and fourteen items”. Taking the main urban area of Shanghai as an example, the relationship between the supply and demand of community senior facilities and senior residents is studied from two perspectives: facility coverage and facility accessibility. The results show that: (1) the community senior living facilities system needs to be improved; (2) there are large gaps in the configuration of care facilities and living facilities; (3) the number of facilities served per capita shows the characteristics of “high value concentration in the center, middle value concentration in the transition area, and peripheral mixed”. The study recommends improving the construction of the facility system, broadening the service supply channels, enhancing the accessibility of facilities by grading and zoning, and promoting the sharing of facilities across administrative boundaries.

15-min pedestrian distance life circle and sustainable community governance in Chinese metropolitan cities: A diagnosis

Urban planning has shifted from “land-oriented” to “human-oriented” and metropolitan cities start to focus on 15-min life circle community planning during recent years. As multiple dimensions of living service facilities are included, proactive supervision and real-time evaluation are essential in the governance and spatial planning of large cities, referring to urban physical examination. This study proposes a community life circle diagnosis system based on multisource urban big data to evaluate the community public service facilities, in which the performance of urban living service, in terms of fairness, accessibility, and diversity were assessed, and the services related to the health and emergency facilities apart from the daily living service were investigated. Four representative Chinese megacities Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Wuhan, were selected for the implementation and empirical analyses of the diagnosis system, which were further compared regarding the existing community life circle facility service. Then, situations in Shanghai in 2011, 2016, and 2021 were longitudinally compared to verify the influencing factors toward community life circle facilities. The results indicated that Shanghai has the highest quality of service of 15-min community life circle among the four Chinese cities, followed by Shenzhen, Wuhan, and Beijing, according to the average coverage rate of citywide living service facilities. However, the municipal government in Shanghai still needs to improve the investment in public resources in the suburbs, focusing on facilities related to elderly care, life security, and community travel. Findings of this study may assist metropolitan development with policy and funding priorities, by using urban big data together with traditional empirical data (e.g. social-economic data, built environment, etc.) to diagnose sustainable community development problems.

Evaluation of Quality of Life in Urban Life Circles from a Composite Perspective of Subjective Needs and the Supply of Public Amenities: A Case Study of Changbai Island, Shenyang

Evaluating the quality of life in life circles is an important prerequisite for effective life circle governance. Most studies evaluate the quality of life in life circles from either the living environment or public amenity supply perspective, and few adopt a composite perspective of these. This study developed an index system for evaluating the quality of life in life circles from both these perspectives, based on data from Changbai Island, Shenyang. We measured the living environment, amenity service, and quality of life indexes of urban life circles and analysed the spatial relationship between the living environment and amenity services, as well as the spatial effect of public amenities on the quality of life in communities. The findings are summarised as follows: (1) Quality of life tends to decline radially from the east to surrounding areas; (2) Life circles in Changbai Island are arranged in the following descending order according to the quality of life: life circles IV and II (equal), life circle III, and life circle I; (3) Various types of public amenities produce differentiated effects on the quality of life in life circles; specifically, middle schools can significantly improve the quality of life in surrounding communities, whereas community hospitals, large supermarkets, and community shops can have adverse effects if they are extremely close to residential areas. Our findings provide empirical evidence for evaluating the quality of life in urban life circles, evaluating methodology, and referencing for life circle governance.

How Do Spatial Forms Influence Psychophysical Drivers in a Campus City Community Life Circle?

The physical environment of urban public facilities is an important driver for public health and work efficiency. Unfortunately, citizens are exposed to negative physical environments because of inappropriate spatial forms in urban growth boundaries. This study aims to explore psychophysical drivers and their spatial distribution in campus city community life circles during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaires and measuring equipment were used to gather psychophysical information in a 15 min campus city community life circle in Fuzhou, China. To this end, acoustic, light and thermal environments were used to map spatial distributions. We then explored relationships between spatial form and psychophysical parameters. The study results show that the distance to road (DTR), green area ratio (GR) and street width (SW) are all potential spatial drivers for psychophysical information. Furthermore, the acoustical, light and thermal environments provide interactions for the public understanding of the environment. These findings contribute to the understanding and evaluation of psychophysical drivers, spurring regional industry in community life circles and contributing to developing suitable plans and industrial distribution in urban areas.