Lidocaine hydrochloride (LiH) is a widely used local anesthetic administered topically or parenterally. However, passive delivery of LiH through the skin is hindered by its hydrophilicity and discomfort associated with injections. Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) offer a minimally invasive alternative for intradermal delivery. This study developed LiH-loaded DMNs (LiH-DMNs) using a combination of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) K-29/32 (PVP) and hyaluronic acid (HA). LiH-DMNs were evaluated in terms of their mechanical properties, insertion ability, dissolution, drug content, in vitro dermatokinetic tests, and in vivo local anesthetic tests on rats. Nine formulations were prepared, among which DMN-7 (PVP 30%; HA 1.25%) and DMN-8 (PVP 30%; HA 2.5%) showed needle height reduction of <10% and drug content of 97-100%. Both formulations penetrated skin to a depth of approximately 500 μm and fully dissolved within 1 hour In vitro dermatokinetic studies demonstrated higher drug accumulation for DMN-7 (Cmax of 6.75 ± 1.36 μg/mL in the dermis and 7.47 ± 0.97 μg/mL in the epidermis) compared to DMN-8. Consequently, DMN-7 was selected for in vivo evaluation. DMN-7 caused no erythema or edema in irritation studies and produced significant local anesthetic effects in rats. Overall, PVP–HA-based DMNs represent a promising, safe, and effective approach for intradermal delivery of LiH.

Rhizomucor miehei lipase (pRML) is an efficient biocatalyst for biodiesel synthesis, but its production remains insufficient for industrial use. In this study, expression of a previously reported propeptide mutant (S7E/P34S/P46A-pRML) in a five-copy Komagataella phaffii strain yielded 7,650 U/mL, and deleting the ribosomal protein gene rps25 further increased it to 8,600 U/mL. Three protein forms were observed in the supernatant: glycosylated S7E/P34S/P46A-pRML-gly, nonglycosylated S7E/P34S/P46A-pRML-nogly, and propeptide-free form mRML. S7E/P34S/P46A-pRML-gly showed the lowest kcat/Km, indicating that glycosylation reduces catalytic efficiency. Molecular dynamics simulations showed stronger hydrogen bonds in its propeptide (K52-G54) and the C-terminal lid loop (I159-F164), restricting lid opening. SDS-PAGE suggested a more prominent presence of high catalytic efficiency forms after rps25 deletion, likely contributing to higher extracellular activity. The high-yield lipase maintained efficiency, converting 92.9% of Nannochloropsis gaditana oil to biodiesel within 9 h. These findings offer new insights into optimizing protein expression in Komagataella phaffii.

Background: Sore throat ache is a discomforting condition for patients during the disease course while eating, drinking or swallowing. However, improved topical concentration of locally acting drugs can address this issue. Objectives: The goal of the current research was to formulate and evaluate the single-dose salivary pharmacokinetics of a chitosan (CT)-based mucoadhesive delivery system containing tibezonium iodide and lignocaine (LIG). Methods: Mucoadhesive buccal gels were formulated using a homogenization technique and then subsequently characterized for physical, physicochemical and mucoadhesive properties. The ex vivo mucoadhesive studies were conducted on healthy New Zealand rabbits (aged 12-14 weeks and weight range in between 2.2-2.5 kg). Results: Solid-state characterization revealed the absence of any unusual peaks in the physical mixture of the FTIR and DSC, whereas the unchanged physical form of drugs was confirmed through PXRD analysis. Formulations containing sodium alginate (SA) demonstrated greater swelling (15.39% in F4) but could not sustain drug release for up to 3 h at the polymer concentrations studied. Contrarily, poor mucoadhesive strength (MS) and mucoadhesive flow time (FT) were associated in formulations containing SA. Homogenization of CT and HPMC gels, when mixed at respective concentrations of 1.5% and 2% w/v, demonstrated sustained drug release over time, along with improved MS and FT values of 16.34 g and 142.20 min, respectively. Better salivary concentrations (Cmax) for LIG (5.14 µg/mL) and TIB (4.82 µg/mL) were observed at 2 and 3 h, respectively. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated higher Cmax concentrations of the locally acting drugs with single-dose mucoadhesive delivery in healthy volunteers, designed for sore throat, as a single-dose alternative to their respective conventional lozenges.

Lidocaine (LA) is a widely used local anaesthetic and analgesic, and a potential therapeutic option for status epilepticus; however, due to its neurotoxicity, it also carries an associated risk of inducing life-threatening seizures and other neurological conditions. The semiology and the treatment of these provoked seizures remain poorly understood. To better understand the seizure-related behaviour, clinical presentation and electroencephalographic patterns associated to lidocaine-induced seizures. In this paper we describe three cases of inadvertent intrathecal LA administration for chronic lumbar pain focusing on clinical presentation, laboratory and neuroimaging findings. Acute symptomatic seizures may represent an adverse reaction to intrathecal lidocaine administration and may present with TNS and alteration of consciousness, leading to status epilepticus. A prompt initiation of antiseizure therapy should be considered to ensure the best outcome.

When liquid medications are administered intravenously, the first cellular defense encountered by the drug is erythrocytes. Catalase is the main antioxidant system in erythrocytes. Drug-related catalase inhibition can cause adverse effects. Although catalase is a well-known enzyme, studies investigating drug-catalase interactions are scarce in the literature. Therefore, we investigated the impact of liquid cardiac drugs on human erythrocyte catalase activity in vitro. Catalase activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method using a procedure developed by Aebi. Liquid cardiac drugs were incubated with human blood in vitro. IC50 values were compared among the drugs. The most potent inhibitors were noradrenaline (IC50: 4.61 µM), adrenaline (IC50: 32.58 µM), and amiodarone hydrochloride (IC50: 41.86). Dopamine hydrochloride (IC50: 429.15 µM) and lidocaine hydrochloride (IC50: 453.1 µM) showed less inhibitory effects on catalase activity compared with adenosine (IC50: 58.49 µM), atropine sulfate (IC50: 68.75 µM), dobutamine hydrochloride (IC50: 80.79 µM), glyceryl trinitrate (IC50: 86.66 µM), and heparin sodium (IC50: 92.4 µM). Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and amiodarone hydrochloride have strong inhibitory effects on catalase activity. Catalase inhibition may be responsible for the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, when these drugs are used in treatment, their dosages and duration of administration should be carefully controlled to prevent adverse effects due to catalase enzyme inhibition.

Enhanced transdermal delivery of S-flurbiprofen-lidocaine ionic liquid-loaded emulgel for synergistic anti-inflammation and analgesia.

Research on mule and donkey muscle composition remains limited despite their global importance as working equids. The objective of this study is to identify Mammoth donkey jacks with higher percentage of fast twitch fibers for racing mule production. A total of 33 animals were biopsied; however, only 12 samples were suitable for analysis, including racing mules (n = 7) and male Mammoth donkeys (n = 5). Animals were sedated with detomidine (10 µg/kg body weight) and butorphanol (20 µg/kg body weight). Middle gluteal muscle biopsies were collected using a 6 mm Bergström biopsy needle at a site located 20 cm dorsocaudal to the tuber coxae at a 45° angle to the base of the tail. Collection depth was 7.5 cm in adult mules and 5 cm in donkeys. Samples were prepared aseptically, anesthetized subcutaneously with lidocaine hydrochloride, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histochemical analysis included myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) staining at pH 9.5, 4.6, and 4.3. Fibers were classified as Type I, Type IIA, or Type IIB, and CSA measurements were obtained using NIH ImageJ software. Statistical analysis included group contrasts, summarized as mean ± SD with 95% confidence intervals, while Bayesian ANOVA outputs were presented as exploratory evidence summaries. Type IIA fibers were greater in mules (47.84 ± 7.30%) than donkeys (38.47 ± 4.48%). Results suggest that differences in equid muscle architecture may be associated with variation in Type IIA fiber composition related to work or use.

N-nitrosamine compounds have been recognized for their carcinogenic properties. Compounds containing secondary and tertiary amine moieties in their chemical structure, including drugs, intermediates, or solvents, are susceptible to the formation of nitrosamine impurities when they react with residual nitrite and nitrate reagents. Lidocaine (LDC) features a tertiary amine moiety, while lidocaine EP impurity E (LEE) includes a secondary amine moiety in its chemical structure. This structural characteristic makes it susceptible to the formation of N-nitroso-desethyl lidocaine (NDL) and N-nitroso lidocaine EP impurity E (NLE) during the synthesis of the LDC drug substance or the manufacturing of the LDC drug product. In this study, we developed and validated a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQ-MS) method for the quantification of NDL and NLE in both the LDC drug substance and the LDC injectable formulation. This method employed a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column, utilizing an eluent composed of methanol and formic acid in water (0.1% v/v). This method enables the quantification of both NDL and NLE at a lower concentration of 0.0165 ng/mL. The method demonstrates a linear, precise, and accurate performance within the range of 0.0165 to 2.5 ng/mL for NDL and from 0.0165 to 5 ng/mL for NLE. Furthermore, the degradation pathways for both NDL and NEL impurities were discussed. In addition, the environmental impact from the TQ-MS approach using GAC tools like BAGI and AGREE was evaluated.

Abstract The model compounds benzocaine (BENZ) and lidocaine (LIDO) exhibited amorphous phase instability, evident by the absence of measurable glass transition temperatures ( T g ) during differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis; this was associated with their high propensity to crystallise upon cooling. Through formation of co-amorphous mixtures (CAMs) with each other and ketoprofen (KETO), this instability was minimised with some instances of glass solution formation. Stability enhancement by these means enabled T gCAM measurements, followed by modelling neat drug T g through rearranged and modified forms of the Fox and Gordon-Taylor (GT) equations. Despite its simplicity, the rearranged form of the Fox equation (R-Fox) led to predicted T g of − 30.3 and − 68.5 °C for BENZ and LIDO, respectively, which were comparable to literature values of − 31.0 and − 63.4 °C. The more complex modified GT equation (M-GT) led to similar T g predictions of − 34.3 and − 64.8 °C and allowed for T g interpolation with respect to non-ideal mixing effects. It was then possible to determine the optimal ratio of BENZ:LIDO as 5:5 mol/mol, with a GT model deviation of + 8.2 °C and + 7.5 °C for the R-Fox and M-GT predicted neat T g values, respectively. This outcome affirmed these models as successful T g predictors of poor glass forming compounds. Observed deviations from literature were contextualised by recognising the role of intermolecular interactions and their relationship with p K a , rotatable bonds, molecular mass, aromatic rings, and number of hydrogen bond donors and acceptors.

Airway management in patients with cervical spine injury is high risk in anesthesia because of potential neurological worsening with cervical spine movement. Contemporary recommendations emphasize maximal reduction of cervical movement, multidisciplinary planning, and use of a technique mastered by the operator. Awake fibreoptic tracheal intubation (AFOI) retains an important role in this context because it allows airway securement while preserving spontaneous ventilation and minimizing cervical motion. We report the case of a 25‑year‑old male road‑traffic accident victim with an unstable C5–C6 fracture‑dislocation and incomplete neurological deficit, scheduled for urgent decompression and fusion. Awake nasal fibreoptic intubation was chosen. Preparation included gargling with 2% viscous lidocaine 5 mL (100 mg), bilateral superior laryngeal nerve blocks with 1% lidocaine 2 mL per side (40 mg), and 2% lidocaine gel applied to the endotracheal tube and in the selected nostril (2 mL, 40 mg). The total lidocaine dose was therefore 180 mg, well below the recommended ceiling of 9 mg/kg lean body weight. The procedure allowed atraumatic intubation without desaturation, without significant hemodynamic instability, and without immediate neurological deterioration. This observation highlights the value of meticulous topical anesthesia and awake fibreoptic intubation in anesthetic management of cervical spine trauma in neurosurgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy, as well as relief of symptoms after regular use, of 0.5% lidocaine hydrochloride solution in anhydrous glycerol (Auridol) in the form of ear drops, in patients with symptoms of otitis externa (OE) in a real-world setting. Methods: This real-world pre–post study included 64 subjects aged 1 to 69 years with symptoms as follow: swelling, pain due to regular exposure to water or caused by frequent use of detergents, pain due to prolonged wearing of earphones, or earwax clogging the external auditory canal. In each subject, following an otoscopic examination and interview given by an ENT, the Auridol treatment was initiated. The product was administered as two drops into the affected ear up to three times daily in patients with symptoms of OE. During each visit, physical and functional symptom were evaluated. In addition, the efficacy of using the product was assessment using a VAS scale. At the end of the study, subjects rated the product according to a Likert scale. Results: A statistically significant reduction in perceived pain was observed at t = 30′ as well as t = 3 days after application. For physical symptoms assessed by an ENT, a statistically significant difference was observed between consecutive scores for two of the assessed parameters (redness and swelling.) The product was rated very highly by the subjects. Conclusions: The results suggest that a combination of anhydrous glycerol and 0.5% of lidocaine in the form of ear drops has a positive effect in the treatment of symptoms of OE.

Background. Living-related donor kidney transplantation (LRDKT) is an effective renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease. The role of anesthesia during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) for ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of the renal graft (RG) remains unclear. Objective. To evaluate the effect of combined intravenous—inhalation anesthesia (CIVIA) and combined epidural and general anesthesia (GEA) on RG perfusion during LDN and its baseline function. Material and methods. This open-label prospective single-center study included 35 donor-recipient pairs. Random assignment was performed. Group 1 included donors who underwent CIVIA (n=20), group 2 — LDN under GEA (n=15). Group 3 included recipients who underwent RG transplantation from group 1 under CIVIA (n=20), group 4 (n=15) — RG transplantation from group 2 under CIVIA. RG microcirculation was assessed intraoperatively using laser Doppler flowmetry at 3 stages: kidney harvesting, epidural administration of lidocaine hydrochloride, and reperfusion. Baseline RG function (glomerular filtration rate, blood creatinine and urea, daily diuresis) was analyzed on days 1 and 7. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS 17.0 (SPSS: An IBM Company, USA). Data distribution differed from normal (Shapiro-Wilk test), and we used nonparametric methods. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparisons of independent groups, while the Wilcoxon (2 points) and Friedman (3 or more points) tests were used for comparisons of dependent samples. Data are presented as medians and quartiles: Me (Q1; Q3). Statistical significance with Bonferroni correction was set at p&lt;0.00625. Results. At the reperfusion stage, microcirculation index in group 4 was 31.5 perfusion units versus 20.6 units in group 3 (p=0.00002). On the first day, GFR in group 4 was higher by 17.7%, while creatinine and urea were lower by 12.5% and 13%, respectively (p&lt;0.005). By the 7th day, GFR in group 4 was 52.7 versus 38.5 ml/min/1.73 m² in group 3 (p&lt;0.00001). Conclusion. GEA affects microcirculation, reduces the risk of IRI and accelerates RG recovery after LRDKT.

The purpose and design of the experiment was aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the potential effect of a new antibacterial drug on the rat body with daily intragastric administration as part of a 90-day subchronic study.The Limited Liability Company "Scientific and Innovation Center Agrovetzashita" has developed an antibacterial drug based on tulatromycin and lidocaine hydrochloride. The experiments were conducted on fiveweek-old Wistar rats in the amount of 100 individuals (50 females and males, respectively) with an average body weight of 180-200 g, which had previously been quarantined. To achieve this goal, 5 groups were formed. There were 10 male and female individuals in each group. The first, second, and third groups were experimental, the fourth group was a control group, and the fifth was intact. Each experimental group, according to the terms of reference, received the test drug intragastrically in certain doses: the first experimental group – 2.2 mg/kg, the second experimental group – 21.6 mg/kg and the third experimental group – 216.2 mg/kg once a day. The fourth control group received a 10% starch suspension according to body weight also once. The intact group did not receive the drug.No deaths were recorded in rats during the three-month experiment. There was no negative effect of the administered drug on food intake, water intake, organ mass and urinalysis parameters. The body weight gain of the animals during the experiment was also within the age norm, despite the fact that by the end of the experiment, some animals from the group receiving the test drug at a dose of 216.2 mg / kg had loose stools.As a result of the experience, it can be said for sure that the drug Tulamycin-AVZ, administered to rats for 90 days at doses of 2.2 mg / kg, 21.6 mg / kg and 216.2 mg / kg, did not cause significant changes in the condition of the animals in both females and males, did not affect the weight gain of the animals, and all blood counts were within the age range.

The increasing worldwide need for analgesics, along with patients’ aversion to injectable anesthetics and limited compliance, highlights the necessity for noninvasive local anesthesia. However, the skin barrier poses a significant obstacle to the efficient transdermal administration of anesthetics. In this study, we synthesized a new ionic liquid (IL), tetradecylphosphonium hexanoate, by mixing sodium hexanoate and CYPHOS 101 at equimolar ratios. We systematically evaluated the capacity of this IL to improve the transdermal transfer of lidocaine hydrochloride through in vitro skin permeation tests and cytotoxicity investigations in HaCaT cells. The IL significantly enhanced the percutaneous absorption of lidocaine in a concentration-dependent manner. At 80 mM, the permeation efficiency increased by approximately 1.5 times compared with the control group, resulting in a significantly reduced onset time for topical anesthesia. While IL showed minimal cytotoxicity at low concentrations, higher concentrations were linked to increased cytotoxicity. ILs can effectively enhance the permeation of transdermal lidocaine. The ease of synthesizing ILs, their adjustable properties, and good compatibility make them promising for creating advanced topical anesthetics and broadening transdermal drug delivery applications.

Chest tubes used in cardiothoracic surgery must meet critical clinical requirements, including effective analgesia, inhibition of protein adhesion, and prevention of infection. In this study, a dual-layered coating was developed, comprising an inner lidocaine (LDC) layer for localized analgesia and an outer TiO2 layer that serves three functions: modulating the sustained-release kinetics of LDC, providing antiadhesive properties, and offering antibacterial activity. The LDC-TiO2 quantum dot coating was prepared via dip-coating, which involved an initial reaction between the LDC intermediate layer and hydroxyl groups on the pretreated polyurethane surface, followed by reaction with the outer TiO2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform dispersion of quantum dot-sized TiO2 within the LDC layer, forming a 4 μm-thick composite coating. Invitro drug release assays showed sustained LDC release over 24 h, maintaining a concentration of 0.14-0.48 mg mL-1 from the LDC-TiO2 coating, meeting the requirement of clinically effective analgesic concentration. Furthermore, the catheter with LDC-TiO2 coating exhibited a substantial reduction in protein adhesion to 0.071 mg cm-2, compared with 0.343 mg cm-2 for the single LDC coating, indicating effective antiadhesive efficacy. In addition, the antibacterial performance, evaluated via bacterial plate counting, demonstrated significant inhibition against Escherichia coli (43.72%) and Staphylococcus aureus (70.14%). The enhancements in sustained-release behavior, antiadhesive properties, and antibacterial activity are attributed to the hydrophilic and antimicrobial properties of the outer TiO2 coating. The proposed LDC-TiO2 coating is promising for achieving sustained drug release and reducing catheter-related infections.

Optimal intervention and clinical trial designs require consumer contributions. The experience of people with advanced cancer and palliative care needs in neuropathic pain trials is seldom reported. This exploratory descriptive qualitative sub-study aimed to understand the experience of patients and carers participating in the Lidocaine for Neuropathic Cancer Pain (LiCPain) study, a pilot randomised controlled trial of continuous subcutaneous infusion of lidocaine hydrochloride or placebo over 72 h in people with unrelieved neuropathic cancer pain. All participants enrolled in the trial, conducted at five Australian palliative care inpatient sites, were intended to be invited to participate at the time of consenting to the main study. Reasons for not being invited, consenting to or completing the interview sub-study were not collected. A single face-to-face or telephone interview was audio recorded by the site study team nurses or doctors using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analysed following Braun and Clarke thematic analysis approach. Out of 17 participants randomised to the LiCPain trial, seven participants and one carer consented to participate in the qualitative sub-study. Three major themes were identified: • Trial participation offered a sense of hope and purpose; • The impact of the intervention has multiple contributing factors; and • Pain impacts every aspect of life. Participants found hope and purpose in the Lidocaine for Neuropathic Cancer Pain trial. Contextual factors influenced perceived effectiveness. These findings will inform future intervention designs and clinical trials to improve outcomes for people experiencing unrelieved neuropathic cancer pain. This trial was registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617000747325) on 22nd May 2017.

SummaryPrecise and flexible drug delivery is increasingly required in clinical therapy, yet most implantable systems remain constrained by limited selectivity, low loading capacity, and bulky size. Here, we present an implantable capsule that employs magnetically actuated vibration of an internal metallic cantilever to achieve magnetically controlled release. The capsule integrates a dual-reservoir structure, enabling the device to load two drugs and support multimodal release through three independent modes. Experimental evaluation demonstrates a drug retention rate of 76% and a single release volume of 0.01 mL with fluctuations within ±0.0005 mL, while maintaining a miniature form factor (13 × 5 × 5 mm3) and stable performance under thermal (45 °C) and mechanical (50 g) stress. In vivo studies further confirm that insulin and lidocaine hydrochloride delivered by this capsule achieve therapeutic outcomes comparable to subcutaneous injection. Combining compactness, robustness, and multi-mode controllability, this system supports long-term implantable drug administration.

Bulbar palsy typically causes severe dysphagia. Based on rehabilitation interventions, stellate ganglion block (SGB) might improve swallowing function by regulating sympathoexcitation and cerebral perfusion. This study explored the short- and long-term effects of SGB on swallowing function, anxiety, and cerebral blood flow in patients with bulbar palsy after ischemic stroke. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial included 124 participants in rehabilitation departments from March 2024 to July 2025 in China. The participants were randomized 1:1 to SGB or placebo groups, and all received routine treatment for 10 consecutive days. The SGB group received SGB with lidocaine hydrochloride, whereas the placebo group received block with normal saline. The primary outcome was the clinical severity of dysphagia. The secondary outcomes were airway protection, forward and upward movement distances of the hyoid bone, accumulation of secretions, pharyngeal residue, anxiety, and mean blood flow velocity (Vm) and internal diameter of the vertebral artery. The Vm and internal diameter were additionally assessed one hour after the first SGB. Repeated measures ANOVA and generalized estimating equations were used to explore time, group, and their interaction effects. There were no significant baseline inter-group differences. After treatment, significant (P < 0.001) interaction effects were observed for dysphagia severity (η2 > 0.06), movement distances of the hyoid bone (η2 > 0.19), airway protection (β = - 0.774), pharyngeal residue (β < - 0.54), accumulation of secretions (β = - 0.371), and anxiety (η2 = 0.462). These effects remained significant at follow-up. After the first SGB, the Vm and internal diameter of the vertebral artery on the SGB side significantly increased (P < 0.001) in the SGB group, but the inter-group differences were non-significant after the intervention period. In patients with bulbar palsy after ischemic stroke who receive routine treatment, SGB is safe and can effectively improve swallowing function, airway protection, and anxiety. The effects of SGB on vertebral artery blood flow are temporary, but the functional impacts are long-term. ClinicalTrials.gov. (Unique identifier: NCT06319534, 20/03/2024).

2% Lidocaine Spray vs. 2% Lidocaine Viscous for Head and Neck Cancer with Chemoradiation Mucositis.

Vaginal tumors are uncommon in cattle compared to other domestic animals, with leiomyomas being extremely rare. Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms, well-encapsulated, and histologically characterized by spindle-shaped cells with cigar-shaped nuclei and minimal mitotic activity. The present study describes the clinical presentation, surgical management, and histopathological findings of a vaginal leiomyoma obstructing the urethral opening in a crossbred cow. A five-year-old cow was presented with a history of progressive vaginal swelling, straining, and difficulty in urination for two months. Clinical examination revealed a firm, well-circumscribed, pedunculated mass projecting into the vaginal lumen. Cytological examination of impression smears demonstrated spindle-shaped cells with oval to elongated nuclei, suggestive of leiomyoma. Surgery was performed under sedation with butorphanol and caudal epidural anaesthesia using 2% lignocaine hydrochloride. The mass was exteriorized, ligated at the base with absorbable suture material, and excised. Postoperative therapy included antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and daily antiseptic dressing. The cow recovered uneventfully, resuming normal urination and defecation within two days, with complete healing observed by 10 days. Follow-up for six months revealed no recurrence. Histopathological examination of the excised tumour confirmed leiomyoma. The case highlights the successful diagnosis and surgical management of a rare vaginal leiomyoma in cattle obstructing normal urination.