Licorice Research Articles

Management of Herpes Zoster solely employing Ayurveda: A case report

Background: Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes two distinct clinical syndromes: varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster. Though human-specific, varicella-zoster virus infections can last for a few hours or even a day or two outside of humans. Herpes zoster is similar to Visarpa disease in Ayurvedic texts. Visarpa spreads very rapidly to many different body parts. Because it spreads throughout the body, it is also known as Parisarpa. Analysing the herpes zoster symptoms, it reveals vitiating Twak, Rakta, and Mamsa Dhatu, with vitiation of Vata-Pitta-dominated Tridosha. This helps us understand the gravity and importance of the disease. Visarpa is not a chronic illness like Kushtha (skin diseases), but, if left untreated, might lead to severe complications. Material and methods: A 25-year-old female with the main complaint of gradually erupted vesicles on the ventral aspect of her right forearm and excruciating burning pain, erythema, and mild itching. The patient was treated with Patolakaturohinyadi Kashayam, powders of Sariwa (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.), Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Gandhaka rasayana. Shatadhauta ghrita and Durva ghrita were used for local application. Observation and Result: With the aid of internal treatment employing these yogas, the patient shown optimistic outcomes, and herpes zoster was successfully treated with Ayurveda.

In silico network pharmacology study on Glycyrrhiza glabra: Analyzing the immune-boosting phytochemical properties of Siddha medicinal plant against COVID-19.

Immunosenescence is a pertinent factor in the mortality rate caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The changes in the immune system are strongly associated with age and provoke the deterioration of the individual's health. Traditional medical practices in ancient India effectively deal with COVID-19 by boosting natural immunity through medicinal plants. The anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of Glycyrrhiza glabra are potent in fighting against COVID-19 and promote immunity boost against the severity of the infection. Athimadhura Chooranam, a polyherbal formulation containing Glycyrrhiza glabra as the main ingredient, is recommended as an antiviral Siddha herb by the Ministry of AYUSH. This paper is intended to identify the phytoconstituents of Glycyrrhiza glabra that are actively involved in preventing individuals from COVID-19 transmission. The modulated pathways, enrichment study, and drug-likeness are calculated from the target proteins of the phytoconstituents at the pharmacological activity (Pa) of more than 0.7. Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritin, the natural compounds in Glycyrrhiza glabra, belong to the flavonoid class and exhibit ameliorative effects against COVID-19. The latter compound displays a higher protein interaction to a maximum of six, out of which HMOX1, PLAU, and PGR are top-hub genes. ADMET screening further confirms the significance of the abovementioned components containing better drug-likeness. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics method identified liquiritigenin as a possible lead molecule capable of inhibiting the activity of the major protease protein of SARS-CoV-2. The findings emphasize the importance of in silico network pharmacological assessments in delivering cost-effective, time-bound clinical drugs.

CO2 - extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root: Optimization of extraction conditions using RSM

Extraction of GA (glycyrrhizic acid) from licorice roots was carried out utilizing SC-CO2 with etilen as a dissolvable. Tests and recreations were assigned utilizing RSM. Licorice root extricate was analyzed by chromatography and AAS. The RSM plan was utilized to optimize the SCE factors and Glycyrrhizic Acid surrender. The most extreme Glycyrrhizic Acid surrender was watched beneath conditions of 10,9 MPa, 90,5 and 49,5 °C, 93 min and a stream of 1,69 and 1,49 ml/min CO2 utilizing RSM, separately. Agreeing to RSM, the R2 and adjusted R2 model are 95,9% and 92,3% individually. The precision of the GA surrender demonstrate is affirmed by triplet tests, giving an normal extraction abdicate of 51,9 ± 1,19 %, individually, for RSM.

Investigation of the effects of polyherbal formulations against the combination of a high-fat cafeteria diet along with exercise modalities

The aim of the present study was to make a polyherbal formulation of three herbs that would offset the negative effects of the high-fat cafeteria diet on rats and the beneficial effects of exercise. The ingredients for this herbal remedy included a water extract of Garcinia cambogia fruit, Trigonella foenum-graecum seed, and Glycyrrhiza glabra root in a 1:1:1 ratio. Nine groups of six male Wistar albino rats were chosen. Animals in Group I were normal and fed a standard diet; animals in Group II were given HFCD to prevent disease; animals in Group III were given HFCD plus exercise; while animals in Groups IV and V were given PHF at doses of 400 and 200 mg/kg p. o. Daily, respectively, in addition to HFCD; while animals in Groups VI and VII were exercised obese rats prevented from gaining more weight had their serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels lowered. HDL cholesterol was raised. Further, the liver biopsy showed increased mononuclear cells; fat globules numbered less; and the enzymes and cells that are regenerating were at lower levels. The polyherbal formulation plus exercise exhibited significant anti-obesity efficacy at 400 mg/kg p. o.; the effect was equivalent to orlistat plus exercise. The research employed HFCD-induced obese rats as a model to investigate the joint effects of PHF and exercise against obesity.

Study the Effect of Lepidium sativum(garden cress) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice )on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Male Rats

Study the Effect of Lepidium sativum(garden cress) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice )on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Male Rats

A randomised controlled study to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Madhuyashti (Glycyrrhiza glabra) in the management of Ksheena shukra (Oligozoospermia)

Sperm is a vital component of the body because it is used for reproduction, the process of creation of the next generation. Male infertility can cause the inability to reach conception, it can be due to a defect in semen parameters, anatomical defects in the reproductive tract, hormonal issues, etc. A sperm count below 15 million sperm/mL is considered a state of oligozoospermia. Ksheenashukra is the situation in which both the quantity and quality of shukra dhatu are reduced. Oligozoospermia is synonymous with Ksheenashukra, one of the eight varieties of shukradushti described in the classics and it is due to the vitiation of Vata-pitta. In light of this, efforts were made to treat Ksheenashukra (Oligozoospermia) at the OPD level. This study was made to assess the efficacy and compare the role of Madhuyashti churna (3gm BD) and Ashwagandha churna (3gm BD) on seminal parameters with anupana of milk and after kostha shodhana with Haritakyadi churna (one-time dose of 10gm on day 1 only). The trial of these drugs was done on 60 subjects (30 in each group) and assessment of the subjects on the selected criteria was analyzed. The pre-treatment total sperm count levels were 10.08 and 11.21 mil/mL which rises to 17.14 and 20.53 mil/mL post-treatment in Group A and B respectively. The outcome of the study shows that both drugs are effective in the management of Ksheenshukra. But in certain aspects, Ashwagandha churna has outperformed Madhuyashti churna.

Dietary supplementation of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) powder protects white pekin ducks exposed to hot and humid shed environment during summer from stress-induced alterations in the serum biochemical parameters

Dietary supplementation of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) powder protects white pekin ducks exposed to hot and humid shed environment during summer from stress-induced alterations in the serum biochemical parameters

Atividades biológicas e potencial de cicatrização de feridas de um polissacarídeo solúvel em água isolado de Glycyrrhiza glabra em rato Wistar

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities and the in vivo wound healing performance of a polysaccharide isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra named PSG. It was structurally characterized by Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the presence of different polysaccharides functional bands. The antioxidant capacity of PSG was determined in vitro and evaluated in vivo through the examination of wound healing capacity. Thirty two rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I was treated with physiological serum (negative control); group II was treated with "CYTOL CENTELLA®"; group III was treated with glycerol and group IV was treated with polysaccharide. The response to treatments was assessed by macroscopic, histologic, and biochemical parameters. Data revealed that our sample exhibited potential antioxidant activities and accelerated significantly the wound healing process, after ten days of treatment, proved by the higher wound appearance scores and a higher content of collagen confirmed by histological examination, when compared with control and "CYTOL CENTELLA®". Overall, these findings proved that this polysaccharide isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra could be considered as a natural bioactive polymer for therapeutic process in wound healing applications.

Comparative assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra against synergistic pathogens

Comparative assessment of antimicrobial efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra against synergistic pathogens

A review of typical biological activities of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives.

Glycyrrhetinic acid, a triterpenoid compound primarily sourced from licorice root, exhibits noteworthy biological attributes, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Despite these commendable effects, its further advancement and application, especially in clinical use, have been hindered by its limited druggability, including challenges such as low solubility and bioavailability. To enhance its biological activity and pharmaceutical efficacy, numerous research studies focus on the structural modification, associated biological activity data, and underlying mechanisms of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives. This review endeavors to systematically compile and organize glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives that have demonstrated outstanding biological activities over the preceding decade, delineating their molecular structures, biological effects, underlying mechanisms, and future prospects for assisting researchers in finding and designing novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives, foster the exploration of structure-activity relationships, and aid in the screening of potential candidate compounds.

Switching the polarity of mouse enteroids affects the epithelial interplay with prenylated phenolics from licorice (Glycyrrhiza) roots.

The utility of 3D-small intestinal organoid (enteroid) models for evaluating effects of e.g. food (related) compounds is limited due to the apical epithelium facing the interior. To overcome this limitation, we developed a novel 3D-apical-out enteroid model for mice, which allows apical exposure. Using this model, we evaluated the effects on the enteroids' intestinal epithelium (including cytotoxicity, cell viability, and biotransformation) after exposure to glabridin, a prenylated secondary metabolite with antimicrobial properties from licorice roots (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Apical-out enteroids were five times less sensitive to glabridin exposure compared to conventional apical-in enteroids, with obtained cytotoxicities of 1.5 mM and 0.31 mM, respectively. Apical-out enteroids showed a luminal/apical layer of fucose rich mucus, which may contribute to the protection against potential cytotoxicity of glabridin. Furthermore, in apical-in enteroids IC50 values for cytotoxicity were determined for licochalcone A, glycycoumarin, and glabridin, the species-specific prenylated phenolics from the commonly used G. inflata, G. uralensis, and G. glabra, respectively. Both enteroid models differed in their functional phase II biotransformation capacity, where glabridin was transformed to glucuronide- and sulfate-conjugates. Lastly, our results indicate that the prenylated phenolics do not show cytotoxicity in mouse enteroids at previously reported minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against a diverse set of Gram positive bacteria. Altogether, we show that apical-out enteroids provide a better mimic of the gastrointestinal tract compared to conventional enteroids and are consequently a superior model to study effects of food (related) compounds. This work revealed that prenylated phenolics with promising antibacterial activity show no harmful effects in the GI-tract at their MICs and therefore may offer a new perspective to control unwanted microbial growth.

Preparation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Film Containing Alcoholic Extracts Of Fruits of Coccina grandis and Rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra for Treating Mouth Ulcers

Preparation and Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Film Containing Alcoholic Extracts Of Fruits of Coccina grandis and Rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra for Treating Mouth Ulcers

Efficacy of dietary supplements of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) and maduramicin alone or in combination with Eimeria tenella infected chicks: A clinical study and molecular docking.

Coccidiosis is one of the most economically significant poultry diseases worldwide, caused by the pathogenic Eimeria species, and is characterized by decreased weight gain (WG) and failure to grow due to malabsorption, low feed conversion rate, bloody diarrhea, and dehydration. This study investigated the effectiveness of licorice root extract (LRE) in controlling cecal coccidiosis to determine whether its combination with maduramicin could help alleviate the pathological, biochemical, and histopathological effects of cecal coccidiosis in Sasso broiler chicks. A total of 125 one-day-old Sasso broiler chicks were categorized into five equal groups (n = 25), each consisting of five replicates (n = 5 per replicate). G1-LE received a basal diet supplemented with LRE (3 g/kg); G2-ME received a basal diet containing maduramycin (0.5 g/kg); and G3-LME received a basal diet containing LRE and maduramicin together with the same rates. G4-E (positive control) and G5-N (negative control) received no additives in their feed. Birds in groups (G1-4) were challenged on day 14 of the experiment by orally intercropping a 1 ml suspension of Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts. Groups of birds fed on LRE and maduramicin separately or together appeared to be in good condition where no deaths or clinical abnormalities were observed, based on the analysis of clinicopathological examination. Compared with the G4-E positive control, the dropping scoring and oocyst shedding of groups G1-LE, G2-ME, and G3-LME along the 10th-day post-challenge (dpc), as well as macroscopic and microscopic lesions scoring at the 7th dpc, was considerably lower. The dual supplementation use of LRE and maduramicin in G3-LME's reduced the harmful effects of coccidian, which appeared only as a mononuclear cellular infiltration and a small number of oocysts invading the intestinal glands. Molecular docking revealed that LRE and maduramicin interacted with E. tenella DNA polymerase, E. tenella apical membrane antigen 1, and microneme protein binding sites resulting in reduced E. tenella replication and invasion. The inclusion of LRE and maduramicin, individually or in combination, in the diet might effectively mitigate the detrimental effects of coccidiosis.

Safety Aspects of Herb Interactions: Current Understanding and Future Prospects.

The use of herbal medicines is on the rise throughout the world due to their perceived safety profile. However, incidences of herb-drug, herb-herb and herb-food interactions considering safety aspects have opened new arenas for discussion. The current study aims to provide comprehensive insights into the various types of herb interactions, the mechanisms involved, their assessment, and historical developments, keeping herbal safety at the central point of discussion. The authors undertook a focused/targeted literature review and collected data from various databases, including Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Springer, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Conventional literature on herbal remedies, such as those by the WHO and other international or national organizations. The article considered reviewing the regulations, interaction mechanisms, and detection of herb-herb, herb-drug and herb-food interactions in commonly used yet vital plants, including Glycyrrhiza glabra, Mentha piperita, Aloe barbadensis, Zingiber officinale, Gingko biloba, Withania somnifera, etc. The study found that healthcare professionals worry about patients not informing them about their herbal prescriptions (primarily used with conventional treatment), which can cause herb-drug/herb-food/herb-herb interactions. These interactions were caused by altered pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic processes, which might be explained using in-vivo, in-vitro, in-silico, pharmacogenomics, and pharmacogenetics. Nutrivigilance may be the greatest method to monitor herb-food interactions, but its adoption is limited worldwide. This article can serve as a lead for clinicians, guiding them regarding herb-drug, herb-food, and herb-herb interactions induced by commonly consumed plant species. Patients may also be counseled to avoid conventional drugs, botanicals, and foods with a restricted therapeutic window.

Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale against different bacteria

Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Zingiber officinale against different bacteria

A review on pharmacological activities and traditional uses of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice)

A review on pharmacological activities and traditional uses of Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice)

Development and Characterization of Polyherbal Anti-acne face gel using Liquorice and Palash extract

Anti-acne herbal formulations are used to treat acne vulgaris and also have the added benefit of not having any side effects, unlike synthetic medications. Acne is a bacterial-induced inflammatory skin disease caused by blockages in the pilosebaceous and inflammation. Antibiotics, both topical and systemic, are always used to treat acne, however antibiotic resistance can impair the success rate of acne treatment. The creation of effective therapeutic medicines relies heavily on medicinal plants. So, natural medicines are more acceptable because they are believed to be safer and have fewer adverse effects than manufactured ones. In the global market, herbal formulations are in high demand. The goal of this study is to produce and characterise herbal anti-acne face gel that contains neem (Azdirachta indica) extract, liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra) extract, orange peel (Citrus aurantium var. sinensis) extract, and palash (Butea monosperma) flower extract. Although there are a variety of topical herbal formulations for acne on the market, we recommend creating a polyherbal formulation using a variety of herbal and synthetic ingredients. The plant has been found to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties in the literature. The prepared extract was screened to identify the presence or absence of various active principles like phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, flavanoids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, protein and amino acid. Polymers in various proportions were used to create several formulations ranging from F1 to F8. Colour, appearance, consistency, washability, pH, and spreadability and stability of prepared formulations (F1 to F8) were all examined.

Glycyrrhizin Production in Licorice Hairy Roots Based on Metabolic Redirection of Triterpenoid Biosynthetic Pathway by Genome Editing.

Glycyrrhizin, a type of the triterpenoid saponin, is a major active ingredient contained in the roots of the medicinal plant licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. glabra and G. inflata), and is used worldwide in diverse applications, such as herbal medicines and sweeteners. The growing demand for licorice threatens wild resources and therefore a sustainable method of supplying glycyrrhizin is required. With the goal of establishing an alternative glycyrrhizin supply method not dependent on wild plants, we attempted to produce glycyrrhizin using hairy root culture. We tried to promote glycyrrhizin production by blocking competing pathways using CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. CYP93E3 CYP72A566 double-knockout (KO) and CYP93E3 CYP72A566 CYP716A179 LUS1 quadruple-KO variants were generated, and a substantial amount of glycyrrhizin accumulation was confirmed in both types of hairy root. Furthermore, we evaluated the potential for promoting further glycyrrhizin production by simultaneous CYP93E3 CYP72A566 double-KO and CYP88D6-overexpression. This strategy resulted in a 3-fold increase (∼1.4 mg/g) in glycyrrhizin accumulation in double-KO/CYP88D6-overexpression hairy roots, on average, compared with that of double-KO hairy roots. These findings demonstrate that the combination of blocking competing pathways and overexpression of the biosynthetic gene is important for enhancing glycyrrhizin production in G. uralensis hairy roots. Our findings provide the foundation for sustainable glycyrrhizin production using hairy root culture. Given the widespread use of genome editing technology in hairy roots, this combined with gene knockout and overexpression could be widely applied to the production of valuable substances contained in various plant roots.

Regulating microsomal triglyceride transfer protein with natural products for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia

Hyperlipidaemia, characterised by elevated levels of lipids, particularly LDL-C, is a significant risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. While synthetic inhibitors of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) have shown potential in lowering LDL-C, they are associated with adverse effects. This study explores a novel approach by screening natural products to identify plant extracts that down-regulate MTP gene expression, aiming to reduce hyperlipidaemia with fewer side effects. Modulating MTP expression, rather than direct inhibition, offers a promising avenue for lowering plasma lipids and mitigating cardiovascular risk. Various plant extracts were examined for their potential as MTP down-regulators, with Liquorice root and Pomegranate rind extracts demonstrating the highest efficacy. Additionally, the study assessed the total phenolic content of these extracts, revealing their ­antioxidant capacity. This research provides a foundation for further investigation into bioactive molecules as potential anti-hyperlipidemic agents with improved safety profiles, addressing a critical need in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Study of the Elemental Composition of Pectoral Species No. 2 and Its Components

INTRODUCTION. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the content of toxic elements in plants increases the need for monitoring the content of toxic elements in medicinal plant raw materials and the corresponding herbal medicinal products. In addition, studying the elemental composition of herbal medicinal products will help determine their potential in the treatment of elemental metabolism disorders (macroand micro-elementoses).AIM. This study aimed to determine the elemental composition and the heavy metal content in Pectoral Species No. 2 and its components.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used Pectoral Species No. 2 and its components, including common coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara L.) leaf, greater plantain (Plantago major L.) leaf, and liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L., G. uralensis Fisch.) root. The samples were manufactured by Krasnogorskleksredstva JSC and purchased at Moscow pharmacies. To determine the elemental composition, the study samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid and analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The calibration involved using concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 times the maximum permissible concentration for each element.RESULTS. This study identified and quantified 26 elements in Pectoral Species No. 2 and its components. The content of heavy metals was within the permissible concentrations. The study established the predominant macronutrients (potassium, calcium, and magnesium), micronutrients (iron, aluminium, and strontium), and ultramicronutrients (barium, nickel, and chromium) in Pectoral Species No. 2. The authors evaluated the contributions of each herbal drug to the total element content in the medicinal product.CONCLUSIONS. Coltsfoot leaf exerts the greatest influence on the content of macro-, micro-, and ultramicronutrients in Pectoral Species No. 2. Greater plantain leaf contributes the most to the zinc, silver, and nickel content. Liquorice root has the highest strontium and molybdenum content.