Licorice Root Extract Research Articles

Examination of a Theoretical Model for Drainage of Foams Prepared from Licorice Root Extract Solution

The root of the licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is rich in natural surfactants, called saponins. The beneficial properties of this plant have led to different applications, including its use as a foaming agent. In this research, a theoretical model and its validity are discussed for the liquid drainage of foams made from licorice root extract solutions. After stating the important characteristics in the free drainage of foam, a relationship of the drained liquid volume based on effective parameters was obtained via a simplification of the governing equation. The theoretical model is applied to experimental foam drainage data measured at different concentrations of licorice root extract solutions. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows good agreement for the volume of drained liquid as a function of time. The characteristics obtained from the combination of effective parameters allows for a quantification of the drainage rate. In addition, the drainage rate at the beginning of the foam decay process, as a measure of stability, can be estimated using measurable properties.

Development of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant for licorice root processing factories: A hybrid biodegradation-lime-alum-ozonation process

Liquorice is a perennial legume that grows principally in Asia, the Middle East and some parts of Europe. The sweet root extract is mainly used in the pharmaceutical, food and confectionary industries. It contains 400 compounds, including triterpene saponins and flavonoids, which are responsible for liquorice's bioactivities. The wastewater (WW) arising from the processing of liquorice can have negative environmental effects and must be treated before being discharged into the environment. Different WW treatment solutions are available. In the last years, increasing attention has been paid to the environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).The present article discusses a hybrid biological (anaerobic-aerobic) and post-biological (lime-alum-ozone) WWTP, designed to treat 105 m3/day complex liquorice root extract WW for agricultural purposes. The influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) were found to be 6000–8000 mg/L and 2420–3246 mg/L, respectively. With a biological hydraulic retention time of 8.2 days and no addition of extra nutrients, the WWTP reached a stable condition after 5 months. Over the course of 16 months, its highly efficient biological treatment reduced COD, BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and turbidity by 86–98 %. However, the WW's colour proved resilient: only 68 % of the colour was removed by the biological treatment, necessitating a combination of biodegradation-lime-alum-ozonation processes in order to reach 98 % efficiency. Thus, this study reveals that liquorice root extract WW can successfully be treated and reused for crop irrigation.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Thioamide and Bromo Derivatives of 1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione as 5α-Reductase Inhibitors.

1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1) is an acetylacetone β-diketone in which both of the methyl groups have been replaced with phenyl groups. It is a component of licorice root extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and has anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer properties. It functions as a metabolite, an anti-mutagen, and an anti-neoplastic agent. It is an aromatic ketone and a β-diketone. 1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1) is primarily used in PVC hard and soft materials, including plates, films, profiles, pipes, and fittings. This research aims to examine the utility of 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1) for the synthesis of a variety of new heterocyclic compounds, such as thioamide, thiazolidine, thiophene-2-carbonitrile, phenylthiazole, thiadiazole-2-carboxylate, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, 2-bromo-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, new substituted benzo[1,4]thiazines, phenylquinoxalines, and imidazo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives of potential biological activity Methods: 1,3-Diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1) was used as a starting compound for the synthesis of 3-oxo-N,3-diphenyl-2-(phenylcarbonyl)propanethioamide (3) and 2-bromo-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (25), which can be used for further preparations. The 5α-reductase inhibitor activity of some of the synthesized compounds was also tested in vivo; the ED50 and LD50 data were established, Results: Using IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, the structures of all produced compounds were elucidated. Some of these prepared compounds were reported as 5α-reductase inhibitors. New heterocyclic compounds can be formed via 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione (1), and some of these compounds can act as 5α-reductase inhibitors.

Effects of probiotic bacteria-fermented herbal combinations on growth performance, immunity, and meat quality of grower-finisher pigs

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with 2 fermented herb combinations on growth performance, immunity, meat composition and, oxidative stability of grower-finisher pigs. The herb combinations were: (1) fermented pomegranate peel extract, Gingko biloba leaf and licorice root (FPGBL) and (2) fermented pomegranate peel extract, green tea and licorice root (FPGTL). A 2-step fermentation of the herb combinations was carried out with Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A total of 90 male pigs (initial body weight = 39.32 ± 1.20 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (control, 0.4% FPGBL, or 0.4% FPGTL) with 5 replicates per treatment and 6 pigs per pen for 10 weeks. In order to perform carcass grading and meat analyses, 10 pigs per treatments (2/replication) that are close to pen average weight were selected and slaughtered. Treatment means were compared by orthogonal contrasts (Control vs. FPGBL + FPGTL or FPGBL vs. FPGTL). Supplemental FPGBL or FPGTL resulted in reduced feed intake (P < 0.001) and increased gain to feed (P = 0.028) without affecting the weight gain of pigs. Dietary FPGTL increased serum IgG, IgM, and IgA concentrations (P < 0.05). The backfat thickness was reduced (P = 0.024), whereas the carcass grade and lean production were greater (P < 0.05) in response to FPGBL and FPGTL supplementation. Supplemental FPGBL and FPGTL increased the moisture, while reduced the ether extract in longissimus muscle of pig (P < 0.05). Contrary, lower cholesterol was found only in the longissimus muscle of FPGTL supplemented pigs (P = 0.008). Dietary supplementations reduced the saturated fatty acid (SFA) (P = 0.019), while increased the monounsaturated fatty acid and n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in longissimus muscle (P < 0.001). Conversely, the total PUFA, n-6 PUFA, PUFA/SFA, and n-6/n-3 PUFA was lower in the longissimus muscle as a result of both supplementation (P < 0.05). The TBARS and pH value was lower only in the FPGBL supplemented pig meat than the control fed pig for the entire period (P < 0.05). During the third week, both the supplemented treatment reduced the concentrations of aerobic plate count and lactic acid bacteria in meat (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate the feasibility of using FPGBL and FPGTL as feed additives for grower-finisher pigs to improve meat nutritive quality and oxidative stability without any negative effects on weight gain.

Impact of licorice root on the burn healing process: a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial.

Due to the known side effects of many synthetic drugs, the use of herbal and natural substances in treating diseases such as burns has been considered. licorice is a herbal medicine whose stem and underground roots are used in traditional medicine in many countries, including Iran, for anti-inflammatory, stomach ulcer healing, and antimicrobial purposes. This study investigated the healing effect of hydroalcoholic extract of licorice root on the wound healing process caused by second-degree burns. The hydroalcoholic extract of licorice was prepared in ethanol solvent, and then the licorice hydrogel product was designed using gelling compounds. Then, in a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 50 patients with second-degree burns were selected based on inclusion criteria from the patients referred to Yazd Hospital and Isfahan Hospital. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the control group receiving hydrogel without extract and the intervention group receiving hydrogel containing licorice root hydroalcoholic extract. The intervention lasted for 15 days, and during this period, the wound-healing process was evaluated on days 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with independent T-test and Mann-Whitney U tests with a maximum error of 5%. The rate of inflammation (From the 3rd day to the 10th day), redness (From the 6th day to the 15th day), pain (on the 3rd day), and burning (From the 3rd day to the 15th day) of the wound in the group that used the hydrogel-containing hydroalcoholic extract of licorice root was significantly lower than in the control group (P <0.05), and the healing process was significantly faster than the control group. Hydroalcoholic extract of licorice root can accelerate the healing process of second-degree burns.

Targeted enrichment of Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract and bioactive compound(s) quantification—A potential scaffold for phytopharmaceutical ingredient development

Phytopharmaceutical Ingredients (PPI) are separate class of drugs, governing the purified fractions of medicinal plant part with minimum four bioactive compounds attributing pharmacological and therapeutic activities. In this context, we have conducted a research study on Glycyrrhiza glabra roots, to prepare its PPI monograph. The aforementioned plant has been pursued for its anti-diabetic potential, and on the basis of preliminary results, extract enrichment was done to detect and quantify four bioactive markers viz., liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, formononetin, and glabridin. The detection and quantification of the bioactive compounds was done by multiple high throughput techniques. We have successfully enriched the total content in the extract by 13.33% W/W, assayed by HPLC. The enriched extract consisted liquiritin and glycyrrhizin in highest content, i.e., 6.41% and 4.33% W/W respectively, followed by glabridin and formononetin by 2.25% and 0.34% W/W respectively. The quantification of liquiritin was performed by qNMR analysis, which was found relatable to that of HPLC assay, showing 6.19% liquiritin, 3.78% glycyrrhizin, 0.21% formononetin, and 1.98% glabridin in enriched extract. Conclusion: This study is a scaffold for upcoming PPI monograph designing and IP-PPIRS development of Glycyrrhiza glabra in upcoming Indian Pharmacopoeia.

Hydroalcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra root combined with Linum usitatissimum oil as an alternative for hormone replacement therapy in ovariectomized rats

ObjectivePlant-derived estrogens (phytoestrogens) with structural similarity to primary female sex hormones could be suitable replacements for sex hormones. Therefore, the effects of the licorice root extract and Linum usitatissimum oil on biochemical and hormonal indices in the serum and uterine stereological changes in ovariectomized rats were evaluated. DesignIn this study, 70 adult female rats were randomly divided into seven groups including 1) control group, 2) sham-operated group, 3) ovariectomized (OVX) group, 4) OVX rats that received 1 mg/kg estradiol for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 5) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, 6) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation, and 7) OVX rats which received 2.0 mg/kg body wt Linum usitatissimum oil + 2.0 mg/kg body wt licorice extract for 8 weeks at the day of post-operation. After eight weeks, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as calcium, estradiol, and progesterone concentrations were assessed and tissue samples of the uterus were serologically examined. ResultsThe results indicated that after 8 weeks of OVX the alkaline phosphatase activity (Mean = 637.7 IU/L) increased and the calcium (Mean = 7.09 mg/dl), estradiol (5.30 pmol/L), and progesterone (Mean = 3.53 nmol/L) reduced compared to other groups. Moreover, stereological changes in the uterus in ovariectomy groups were seen compared to the other groups. The treatment with Linum usitatissimum oil and licorice extract had a significant therapeutic effect on biochemical factors and stereological changes compared to the ovariectomized group. ConclusionThe results of this study showed that the combination of Linum usitatissimum oil with licorice extract showed the high potential of hormone replacement therapy in the reduction of OVX complications.

Mixotrophy of Algae: More Algal Biomass and More Biofertilization for Plants

Background: The use of algae as biofertilizers is fast-spreading in order to meet the excessive demands for agricultural products. To achieve this, enough algal biomass needs to be supplied year-round. Hence, algal nutritional components must be optimized through mixotrophic conditions. Materials and methods: Two algal isolates, namely, Phormidium sp. and Synechocystis sp. were tested for their ability to produce mixotrophic growth using different supplementations including molasses, aqueous Lepidium sativum, Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract and liquorice root extract, as well as acetate salt solution. The algae that showed highest growth under optimized mixotrophic conditions was further used in cantaloupe seed growth experiments. GC-MS was also carried out on the biomass of Phormidium on one of the fractions of extract using solvent system to reveal some dominant novel bioactive compounds in algal biomass. Results: The sugarcane molasses significantly enhanced the growth of the two algal strains, followed by Lepidium sativum extract only in case of Phormidium sp. Therefore, it was used in subsequent experiments. All growth parameters for that algae were significantly enhanced by the addition of these nutritional sources with molasses being the best supplement. The Phormidium sp. was rich in its content of chlorophyll, proteins, sugars as well as some novel bioactive compounds as revealed by GC–MS. The germination percentage of seeds treated with Phormidium sp. showed a significant increase over that of control. The different growth-related metabolites of total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars and all photosynthetic pigment contents of the seedlings were all significantly increased using this algal treatment. Discussion: The sugarcane molasses was superior in enhancing the algal growth due to its rich content not only of sugars but also of minerals and nitrogenous compounds. The use of aqueous extracts of seeds of Lepidium sativum enhanced growth significantly more than that of the control set as seeds are rich in proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, phytochemicals and other essential nutrients. In growth experiments carried out on cantaloupe seeds, there was a significant increase in germination percentage as well as all growth parameters due to the rich nutritional content of Phormidium sp. Conclusion: Mixotrophic growth achieved better algal biomass production than autotrophy in the case of Phormidium sp. The use of cheap resources such as sugarcane molasses, which is the waste from the sugar industry, as well as the common herb extract of Lepidium sativum, is a cost-effective approach. The use of this mixotrophically grown blue-green alga as a biofertilizer significantly enhanced plant growth and seed germination, indicating the usefulness of this eco-friendly agricultural strategy for achieving both food security and environmental sustainability.

Development and technological research of medicated lozenges for catarrhal and aphthous stomatits` symptoms relief

inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, in particular catarrhal and aphthous stomatitis, create significant discomfort for patients in everyday life. The occurrence of stomatitis in adolescents can be associated with numerous factors: bacterial and viral infection, insufficient oral hygiene, trauma of the mucous membrane, unbalanced nutrition, allergic reactions, some types of systemic diseases etc. Medicated lozenges have advantages for use in adolescents, as they have an interesting appearance (resembling a candy), pleasant taste and aroma, do not require swallowing or washing down with water, release active pharmaceutical ingredients by gradual dissolution in the oral cavity, which ensures their local action. The present work is aimed to develop different formulations of medicated lozenges for catarrhal and aphthous stomatits` symptoms relief. The objects of the study were experimental samples of lozenges with licorice root and propolis extracts. They were chosen as active ingredients due to their antimicrobial properties, as well as their ability to improve the general condition of the periodontium and reduce the outbreak of aphthae in stomatitis. Lozenges were prepared by heating and congealing method using different concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients (candy base substances – sugar substitute (isomalt), glucose syrup, carboxymethyl cellulose). 3 best formulations that had a uniform color distribution and were transparent, not sticky, had no external surface defects were subjects of the development and analysis. Obtained medicated lozenges were evaluated for physical parameters like weight variation, diameter and thickness, and pharmacotechnological evaluations like friability and hardness by pharmaceutical standard methods from State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine 2.0 (2.9.5, 2.9.7, 2.9.8). Selected samples had homogeneous physical parameters: average weight in the range of 6.98-7.00 g (none of the formulations had a deviation of more than ± 5%), diameter 3.51 cm, thickness 5.04-5.11 mm. The obtained values of hardness and friability (less than 1% for all formulations) indicate satisfactory mechanical strength of the dosage form. Stability study was carried out at (15-25) ⁰С and 60±5 % humidity rate and was determined by evaluating the appearance and pharmacotechnological parameters. The values of hardness and friability were constant throughout the storage period for all formulations. Stability studies indicated that the formulations № 1 and 2 were stable for 30 days. The present research allowed to develop formulations for obtaining a pleasant-tasting dosage form intended for relatively slow dissolution in the oral cavity – medicated lozenges for use in adolescents to alleviate the symptoms of catarrhal and aphthous stomatitis.

Effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root extract On Some Physiological Parameters in albino male rats treatment with lead acetate

The present study used 20 albino rats that distributed randomly to five groups (each group contain 4 rats), the first group was control group administrated only normal diet and water, the second group administrated with lead-acetate for four weeks, the third group administrated with lead-acetate for six weeks, the fourth group administrated with lead-acetate for four weeks and then, treated with 1ml root extract for 15 days, the fifth group administrated with lead-acetate for six weeks and then, treated with 1ml root extract for 15 days. The ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin and creatinine levels were increased while albumin levels were decreased and showed high significant changes (P &lt; 0.01) in groups that administrated with lead-acetate compared with control group, but the levels of all parameters back to normal when the groups that administrated with lead-acetate treated with Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract. It was concluded from this study that roots extract has amply good effect on liver and kidneys enzymes.

Dynamic interfacial properties and foam behavior of licorice root extract solutions

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) is a useful plant of the family Fabaceae, with sweet-tasting roots. The root extract of this plant is rich in saponins, so it can be considered a source of natural surfactants. This research provides some applicable information about the dynamic surface tension and foam behavior of aqueous solutions of licorice root extract (LRE). The pendant drop shape analysis was utilized to study the surface tension and dilational surface rheology of LRE at the water/air interface. The Bikerman type experiment was used to measure foamability and foam stability of aqueous LRE solutions. The equilibrium surface tensions reveal that the LRE contains surface-active components and is capable of reducing the surface tension by 25 mN/m at the critical aggregation concentration (CAC). The surface dilational visco-elasticity measurements proved that the adsorption layers are predominantly of elastic nature. Also the foamability and foam stability show a meaningful correlation with the dynamic surface properties. This study aims to contribute to the development of appropriate utilization of the benefits provided by a biosurfactant source in foam-related commercial applications.

Glycyrrhiza glabra assisted green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles with different applications: A review

Several attempts have been made for green synthesis of nanoparticles of different metals, revealing the significance of plant extract in reducing metal source to nanoparticles and applications in various scientific domains. This article focus on the applications on licorice root extract in synthesis of nanoparticles of various metals like gold, zinc, silver etc. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a general herb of the Asian region belonging to family fabaceae and it is commonly used in the diet. Roots of this plant show range of activities including antioxidant, antimutagenic level. And respective research attempts, this metallic nanoparticles were evaluated for one or more applications like anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant activity etc. Use of Glycyrrhiza glabra polar extract indicated involvement of its polar phyto-compounds in reducing the metal source as stabilizing the nanoparticles. In conclusion it could be noted that metal nanoparticles have better antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer and nematicidal potential over the aqueous root extract.

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This study aims to develop technology and a recipe for a novel type of functional bakery product using an alternative sweetener. As licorice roots contain glycyrrhizin, they can be replaced with sugar. Compared to sucrose, glycyrrhizin has a sweet taste 50-100 times stronger. In addition to developing technology for a new product, it is also necessary to consider the economic efficiency and safety of the end product as well. According to the AST 36-94 and AST 37-94 normative documents in force on RA territory, porosity and moisture were determined as physicochemical indicators. A KERN analyzer was used to determine the moisture content of the finished product. The examination of cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and lead from safety indicators was performed according to the normative documents GOST EN 14083-2013, GOST R 51766-2001, and GOST R 53183-2008. As long as there are no risks associated with harmful effects on human life or health, food products are safe. A finished product should also be cost-effective, profitable, and economical. The safety indicators of the finished product were evaluated for their economic efficiency and compliance with the requirements of the existing normative documents. It has been proven that licorice root extract is safe to use in baking since not all sugar substitutes are safe. Despite being novel in the domestic food market, particularly the functional food market, the proposed product can stimulate the growth of bakery industry.

Adsorption energetics of benzene vapors on activated adsorbent based on glycyrrhiza glabra root extract residues

Glycyrrhiza glabra root plant is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to obtain drugs. However, one of the important tasks is to obtain coal adsorbents with effective use of the remaining residues. We will have the opportunity to determine the full thermodynamic properties of the activated carbon adsorbent enriched with additional substances from the residues of the licorice root and to fully determine the adsorption properties of the obtained porous coal adsorbents using capillary and volumetric methods in a high-vacuum adsorption device and a high-sensitivity DAK 1-1 calorimetric apparatus. By determining the benzene adsorption isotherm, differential heat, entropy and equilibrium time of the obtained coal, the adsorption capacity of the new adsorbent, the location of the active centers, and the pore sizes can be described in detail.

Silver Nanoparticles and Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice) Root Extract as Modifying Agents of Hydrogels Designed as Innovative Dressings.

The interest in the application of plant extracts as modifiers of polymers intended for biomedical purposes is constantly increasing. The therapeutical properties of the licorice root, including its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity, make this plant particularly promising. The same applies to silver nanoparticles showing antibacterial properties. Thus the main purpose of the research was to design hydrogel dressings containing both licorice root extract and nanosilver so as to obtain a system promoting wound regeneration processes by preventing infection and inflammation within the wound. The first step included the preparation of the plant extract via the solid-liquid extraction using the Soxhlet extractor and the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the chemical reduction of silver ions using a sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. Subsequently, hydrogels were synthesized via photopolymerization and subjected to studies aiming at characterizing their sorption properties, surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy, and their impact on simulated physiological liquids supported by defining these liquids' influence on hydrogels' structures by FT-IR spectroscopy. Next, the tensile strength of hydrogels and their percentage elongation were determined. Performed studies also allowed for determining the hydrogels' wettability and free surface energies. Finally, the cytotoxicity of hydrogels towards L929 murine fibroblasts via the MTT reduction assay was also verified. It was demonstrated that developed materials showed stability in simulated physiological liquids. Moreover, hydrogels were characterized by high elasticity (percentage elongation within the range of 24-29%), and their surfaces were hydrophilic (wetting angles below 90°). Hydrogels containing both licorice extract and nanosilver showed smooth and homogeneous surfaces. Importantly, cytotoxic properties towards L929 murine fibroblasts were excluded; thus, developed materials seem to have great potential for application as innovative dressings.

Wheat seed deterioration stimulated by plant extracts

During 2019-2020, the experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Department of Field Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - Baghdad University, to investigate the impact of soaking wheat seeds produced during the 2016 agricultural season with three plant extracts (licorice root extract 2%, 4% and 6%, Acadian and Humic(500, 1000, &amp; 1500 mg L-1). Aside from the two control treatments (soaking in distilled water with dried seeds). The results show that the soaking treatment with licorice root extract outperformed the other therapies in conventional laboratory germination, root length, and seedling vigor index (95 percent and 3.42 cm 1207) compared to the two control treatments (soaking with distilled water and dry seeds). While all the Humic and Acadian soaking treatments at the concentrations (500 and 1000) mg L-1 did not significantly differ with the distilled water soaking treatment.The characteristics of standard laboratory germination percentage, root length, coleoptile length and seedling vigor index. Thus, we conclude that soaking wheat seeds with high concentrations of Acadian (more than 1000 mg L-1) leads to a deterioration in the vitality of the seeds. While soaking with licorice root extract enhances the vibrancy and activity of wheat seeds compared to the other extracts used. As a result, we propose soaking the somewhat old and low-vital wheat seeds in a concentration of at least 2% licorice root extract. Keywords: Radicle dry weight, Seedling vigor, seed germination, seed storage.

Effects of Glycyrrhiza Glabra (Licorice) Root Extract on the Hormones, Serum Biochemicals, and Hematological Parameters in Dogs with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common prostate disorder in non-neutered dogs and is often caused by androgenic stimulation or changes in the ratio of androgen to estrogen. Also, it is commonly seen in neutered older dogs. Clinical signs may not be presented, but persistent or intermittent hematuria, hemospermia, or a primary hemorrhagic discharge are usually reported. In this research, ethanolic extract of licorice root (EELR) was used as the treatment, which has various antioxidant and healing properties and can reduce lesions by establishing an antioxidant balance and reducing inflammation. For this experiment, 30 dogs of approximately the same age and weight were randomly divided into 6 groups of 5 each. The treatment groups received the EELR at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg separately, while the control group received no medications. At the end of the 9-week treatment period, biochemical and hormonal factors were measured and analyzed by blood sampling. The results showed that the EELR has multiple positive effects on the serum biochemical indices and also positively affects hormone levels, while it can decrease the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in BPH dogs. In conclusion, the EELR can effectively reduce BPH-induced lesions without any side effects.

Biocontrol of Plant Diseases Using Glycyrrhiza glabra Leaf Extract.

The growing concern regarding the potential risks of pesticides and their impact on nontarget organisms stimulates the development and application of alternative, environmentally friendly products. It seems necessary to develop alternatives for conventional products and for those already widely used in organic agriculture, e.g., copper. Very importantly, such alternative products should not limit the productivity and profitability of agriculture. In this study, we examined the efficacy of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) leaf extract as such an alternative. We tested its impact on the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae toward the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the crop plant tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as well as of Clavibacter michiganensis, Xanthomonas campestris, and Phytophthora infestans toward tomato, at multiple levels. We demonstrate that licorice leaf extract acts as a direct fungicide and bactericide. Moreover, it acts against a metalaxyl-resistant P. infestans strain. In addition, the extract from licorice leaves influences the plant immune system, modulating the plant responses to the challenge with pathogen(s); this involves both salicylic acid and ethylene-based responses. Our results show that in addition to the well-known use of licorice root extract in medicine, the leaf extract can be an effective alternative in organic and integrated farming, contributing to copper reduction and resistance management.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.

The inhibitory effect of watery extracts of Glycyrrhiza Glabra roots on the growth of Candida albicans in comparison with antifungal antibiotics

This study was made to evaluate the watery extract both hot and cold of Glycyrrhiza Glabra root on the growing of Candida albicans comparing with Nystatin and Clotrimazol .both cold and hot extract shows inhibitory effect with significant value on (P&lt;0.05) on the growing of Candida albicans comparing with distal water and Nystatin in which the yeast was resistant to that drug . The hot extract in concentration (200 mg/ml) more effective than Clotrimazole , while the cold watery extract did not show the same effect . The hot watery extract was more effective than the cold one .The average of inhibition zone for the first extract on the concentration 50,100,150,200 mg/ml were 11.2,14.6,17.1,21.5 mm, while the average of inhibition zone for the second extract at the same concentrations as following 9.3,21.1,16.6,17.7 mm ,the results shows that the watery extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra root can be use as an antifungal in the infection with Candida albicans

Facile Detection of Light-Controlled Radical Scavengers from Natural Products Using In Situ UV-LED NMR Spectroscopy.

With the recent development of chemical analysis technology, attention has been placed on natural light-sensitive compounds that exhibit photoreactivity to expand the structural diversity of natural product chemistry. Photochemical reactions that proceed via a free radical mechanism could be used to modulate the radical-scavenging ability of natural products as well as involve structural change. As the health benefits of radicals are also presented, there is a need for a controllable radical scavenging method for topical and selective application. In this study, we developed a novel acquisition and processing method to identify light-controlled radical scavengers in plant extracts and evaluate their antioxidant activity under light irradiation based on in situ UV-LED NMR spectroscopy. Using the developed method, licochalcones A and B, in which the trans and cis isomers undergo reversible photoisomerization, were selectively identified from licorice root extract, and their light-induced free radical scavenging activity was confirmed.