Lichen Taxa Research Articles

Czerwona lista porostów zagrożonych na Pomorzu Gdańskim [Red List of threatened lichens in Gdańsk Pomerania

The first regional list of threatened lichens and allied fungi is presented. The list is a result of investigation studies in Gdańsk Pomerania, which mostly comprises the area of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and geobotanic units of Gdańsk Pomerania in Poland. The data obtained were compared with historical ones. Changes of the species main frequency were used as an additional indicator of their threat status. The status of threat to the lichen and allied fungi species listed has been determined according to the Red List Categories by IUCN (2001, version 3.1). The Red List includes 286 taxa of lichens, licheniclous and saprobic fungi, which constitute 53.9% of the local biota and 17.9% of Polish biota. The status ofthreatened biota has the following categori-es: Regionally Extinct (RE) - 37 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 45, Endangered (EN) - 44, Vulnerable (VU) - 82, Near Threatened (NT) - 5, Least Concern (LC) - 6 and Data Deficient (DD) - 67. Species typical of deciduous forests are the most threatened ones.

Czerwona lista porostów zagrożonych w Polsce północno-wschodniej [Red List of threatened lichens in North-Eastern Poland

The second regional list of threatened lichens and allied fungi is presented. The list is a result of investigation studies in North-Eastern Poland. In physicogeographic regionalization this area comprises 4 macroregions: Staropruska Lowland, Litewskie (Lithuanian) Lakeland, Mazurian Lakeland and South Podlasie Lowland. It is characterized by the presence of large forest complexes, including the Białowieża Old-growth Forest, the Knyszyńska Old-growth Forest, the Augustowska Old-growth Forest, the Romincka Old-growth Forest, the Borecka Old-growth Forest and the Piska Old-growth Forest. The status of threat to the lichen and allied fungi species listed has been determined according to the IUCN Red List Categories in version 3.1 (2001). The data obtained were compared with historical ones. Changes of the species main frequency were used as an additional indicator of their threat status. The Red List includes 310 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi, which constitute 52% of the NE Poland total lichen biota and 19.4% of Polish biota. The status of threatened biota has the following categories: Regionally Extinct (RE) -49 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 58, Endangered (EN) - 41, Vulnerable (VU) - 39, Near Threatened (NT) - 24, Least Concern (LC) - 19 and Data Deficient (DD) - 80. Epiphytes constitute 84% of extinct and critically endangered species.

Czerwona lista porostów zagrożonych w Puszczy Kozienickiej [Red List of threatened lichens in the Kozienicka Old-growth Forest

The first regional list of threatened lichens and allied fungi is presented. The list is a result of investigation studies in the Kozienicka Old-growth Forest, in forests located between the Vistula and Radomka Rivers, in Central Poland. The status of threat to the lichen and allied fungi species listed has been determined according to the Red List Categories by IUCN (2001, version 3.1). The data obtained were compared with historical ones. Changes of the species main frequency were used as an additional indicator of their threat status. The Red List includes 144 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi, which constitute 61.8% of the local biota and 9% of Polish biota. The status of threatened biota has the following categories: Regionally Extinct (RE) - 13 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 26, Endangered (EN) - 31, Vulnerable (VU) - 23, NearThreatened (NT) -17, Least Concern (LC) -14 and Data Deficient (DD)-20. Epiphytic lichens of forest and roadside trees as well as forest epixylic arę the most threatened ones.

Lichens and lichenicolous fungi in the Bolimów Landscape Park

The article presents a distribution atlas of 166 taxa of lichens and 15 species of lichenicolous fungi growing in the Bolimów Landscape Park and its protection zone (Central Poland), collected between 1982-1984 and 1996-2003. Relevant data available in the literature on the subject as well as the data deposited in the Herbarium of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi (LOD) arę additionally provided. The ATPOL (ATLICHEN) grid sąuare system was used to examine the distribution of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. The taxa discussed in the article comprise as many as 40 threatened species (acc. to the Red List Categories: CR - 2 species, EN - 6, VU - 18, NT - 13, DD - 1), 34 protected species in Poland, and 5 indicators of old-growth forests. The most noteworthy lichens and lichenicolous fungi (*) are: <em>Absconditella lignicola, Biatora ocelliformis, Protoparmelia hypotremella, Stereum subtomentosum, Trapeliopsis pseudogranulosa, *Phaeopyxis punctum</em> and *<em>Taeniolella beschiana</em>.

Czerwona lista porostów wymarłych i zagrożonych w Polsce [Red List of extinct and threatened lichens in Poland

The authors present a list of regionally extinct, threatened, lower risk and insufficiently status taxa of lichens in whole Poland. It is thirth edition of our list. Status of threat to the lichen species used has been determined according to the IUCN Red List Categories in version 3.1 (modified by GlNSBURG 2001). The Red List includes 886 taxa, which constitute 55.4% of the Polish lichen biota. The status of threatened biota has the following categories: Regionally Extinct (RE) - 141 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 179, Endangered (EN) - 201, Vulnerable (VU) - 165, Near Threatened (NT) - 68, Least Concern (LC) - 22 and Data Deficient (DD) 110.

Czerwona lista porostów zagrożonych w Borach Tucholskich [Red List of threatened lichens in the Tucholskie Forest

The first regional list of threatened lichens and allied fungi is presented. The list is a result of investigation studies in the Tucholskie Forest, lowland forests growing in Western Pomerania, in northern Poland. The status of threat to the lichen and allied fungi species listed has been determined according to the Red List Categories by IUCN (2001, version 3.1). The data obtained were compared with historical ones. Changes of species main frequency were used as an additional indicator of their threat status. The Red List includes 151 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi, which constitute 39.7% of the local biota and 9.4% of Polish biota. The status of threatened biota has the following categories: Regionally Extinct (RE) - 28 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 4, Endangered (EN) - 28, Vulnerable (VU) - 26, Near Threatened (NT) -19, Least Concern (LC) - 9 and Data Deficient (DD) - 37.

Czerwona lista porostów zagrożonych na Śląsku Opolskim i Górnym Śląsku [Red List of threatened lichens in Opole Silesia and Upper Silesia

The thirth regional list of threatened and allied fungi is presented. The list is a result of investigation studies in Opole Silesia and Upper Silesia in S Poland. The status of threat to the lichen and allied fungi species used has been determined according to the IUCN Red List Categories in version 3. l (2001). The data obtained were compared with historical ones. While assigning given lichen species to suitable categories of threat the geographic criterium of their occurrence ranges was accepted because most source data from the study area concerns the distribution and frequency of species. The Red List includes 536 taxa of lichens, lichenicolous and saprobic fungi, which constitute 72.9% of the local biota and 33.5% of Polish biota. The status of threatened biota has the following catego¬ries: Regionally Extinct (RE) - 80 taxa, Critically Endangered (CR) - 61, Endangered (EN) - 95, Vulnerable (VU) - 90, Near Threatened (NT) - 71, Least Concern (LC) - 22 and Data Deficient (DD) -117. The lichen biota of this region of Poland has been most human impacted.

Revised and updated checklist of lichens of Slovakia (May 2013)

We characterize lichen flora of Slovakia based on the review of recent studies published since 1998, point at selected lichen taxa described for science from this territory and outline main geographical elements and other important groups. We annex critically revised and updated checklist of lichens of Slovakia, which includes 1,628 species. As a result of intensive field work the number of species increased by 142 new species since the last version of checklist published 15 years ago, 26 species were excluded.

Pertusaria etayoi (lichenized Ascomycota: Pertusariaceae), a new lichen species from the Canary Islands

AbstractPertusaria etayoi, found on lava flows and basaltic rocks from the Canary Islands, is described as new to science. It is the only species in the group of saxicolous Pertusaria with verruciform apothecia and 2 rough-walled ascospores to contain thiophaninic acid. A description of the species is given together with notes on its chemistry, distribution, ecology and taxonomy. Possible related lichen taxa are discussed briefly.

Epiphytic lichen diversity on Quercus cerris and Q. frainetto in the Marmara region (Turkey)

The epiphytic diversity of lichens associated with Quercus cerris L. and Quercus frainetto Ten. were investigated in 21 localities of the Marmara region. A total of 106 taxa belonging to 49 genera were reported on Q. cerris and Q. frainetto, and 16 of those taxa were recorded for the first time in the Marmara region. The number of lichen species found on Q. cerris was 83, while 85 taxa were found on Q. frainetto. Several differences regarding the lichen taxa were found in these 2 oaks species even though they were growing in the same habitat and in the same locality. Furthermore, some morphological, anatomical, and ecological peculiarities, as well as the phytogeographical patterns of the recorded lichen taxa, were evaluated. The majority of the lichen species were hygrophytic and mesophytic. In addition, nitrophytic species were more frequently observed than acidophytes. Temperate and suboceanic species were the most common.

Discovering the Lichen Diversity of a Remote Tropical Island: Working List of Species Collected on Reunion (Mascarene Archipelago, Indian Ocean)

van den Boom, P. P. G., Brand, M., Ertz, D., Kalb, K., Magain, N., Masson, D., Schiefelbein, U., Sipman, H. J. M. & Sérusiaux, E. 2011. Discovering the lichen diversity of a remote tropical island: working list of species collected on Reunion (Mascarene archipelago, Indian Ocean). — Herzogia 24: 325–349.463 lichen taxa are reported from the island of Reunion (Mascarene archipelago) in the Indian Ocean. This report is based on extensive collections recently made by the authors or hosted in B and LG. A total of c. 600 species is estimated for the number of lichenized fungi present on the island; although this is a low figure for a varied tropical area, this is plausible due to its small size and remoteness. The significance of the lichen diversity of the island lays in its endemics, which need further study for a reliable assessment, and in the occurrence of a poorly known southern hemisphere element (“austral” species). The discovery of the following in Reunion is of special interest as it considerably enlarges their distribution range: Anzia corallophora, Caloplaca caesiosorediata, Coccocarpia delicatula, Fuscopannaria praetermissa, Gomphillus morchelloides, G. pedersenii, Gyalideopsis bispora, Heterodermia koyana, Hypotrachyna evansii, Lithogyalideopsis zeylandica, Lobaria asperula, Megaloblastenia marginiflexa var. dimota, Menegazzia capitata, Myeloconis erumpens and Pannaria squamulosa.

Isolation affects tree-scale epiphytic lichen community structure on New Zealand mountain beech trees

Question: Is epiphytic lichen community structure significantly affected by isolation from source community? Location: Foothills of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. Methods: Epiphytic lichen richness and environmental variables were measured on 382, young Nothofagus solandri var. cliffortioides (Hook. f.) Poole (mountain beech) trees that had recently colonized grassland adjacent to a forest remnant. Richness and the presence of individual lichen taxa were modelled as a function of isolation from the forest fragment, tree size and other habitat conditions. Results: Richness of epiphytic lichen communities was negatively related to tree isolation, although this effect was much smaller than the effects of tree size and other local (tree-scale) habitat conditions. Different lichen taxa responded in different ways to isolation, area effects and local habitat conditions. Conclusions: This study shows that many epiphytic lichens on mountain beech are limited in their ability to colonize new substrate, even over distances of less than 1 km, which may be due to limitation in dispersal and/or establishment. Lichens are greatly influenced by local habitat conditions, such as tree size, and in this particular environment their negative interaction with sooty moulds is an important driver of community structure.

Changing lichen diversity in and around urban settlements of Garhwal Himalayas due to increasing anthropogenic activities

Decrease in lichen diversity is an important biometric tool to assess the prevailing environmental condition in an area. An attempt has been made to explore the utility of lichen diversity in the monitoring of air pollution in the city of Pauri and Srinagar, Garhwal Himalayas, Uttaranchal. Eighty five lichen species were recorded from Pauri and Srinagar (Garhwal) in June 2005. It was observed that polluted sites had very low lichen diversity, mostly dominated by members of lichen family Physciaceae. Kiyonkaleshwar area is the site with maximum lichen diversity (46 lichen taxa) located in a more or less pollution-free area of Pauri city. Two-dimensional principal components analysis plot revealed significant positive contribution of natural (unaltered) sites towards lichen biodiversity, thus affirming the utility of lichen diversity in biomonitoring studies in a wide geographical area.

Determination of Airpolution Zones in Knjaževac (South Eastern Serbia) by using Epiphytic Lichens

ABSTRACTAirpollution investigations have not been done in Knjaževac until now. In this work, method of bioindication by lichens has been used. On 18 investigated points it has been found 22 lichen taxa from 12 genera. By calculating Index of Atmospheric Purity (IAP) 2 zones with different air pollution (”lichen desert” and “transitional” zone) has been found. The most sensitive species in Knjaževac are Buelia punctata, Melanelia acetabulum, M. exasperata, and Parmelia tiliacea and most tolerant are Lecanora alophana, L. intumescens, L. pulicaris, Lecidella elaeochroma and Phaeophyscia orbicularis.

Lichens from Johannes V. Jensen Land, N Greenland, the northermost arctic land area

Hansen E. S.: Lichens from Johannes V. Jensen Land, N Greenland, the northermost arctic land area. — Willdenowia 39: 179–186. — Online ISSN 1868-6397; © 2009 BGBM Berlin-Dahlem. doi:10.3372/wi.39.39119 (available via http//dx.doi.org/)165 taxa of lichens are reported from three localities in Johannes V. Jensen Land in N Greenland. Their associations are briefly indicated. Cladonia libifera and Parmelia skultii are new to Greenland. 130 taxa are new to Johannes V. Jensen Land. Geology and climate of the area are described. The lichen flora is fairly rich in spite of the extremely unfavourable climatic conditions prevailing in this northernmost land area on earth.

Four novel lichen taxa in the lichen biota of eastern North America

Four novel lichen taxa in the lichen biota of eastern North America

Nutritional value and diet preference of arboreal lichens and hypogeous fungi for small mammals in the Rocky Mountains

Many small mammals consume lichen and fungi, but southern red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors, 1830)) and northern flying squirrels ( Glaucomys sabrinus (Shaw, 1801)) exhibit strong mycophagy compared with other North American taxa. We analyzed nutrient content of lichen and fungi and observed feeding preferences of voles and flying squirrels to understand the foraging behavior of these mammals and their strategy for surviving on relatively low-quality diets dominated by lichen and fungi. We analyzed nutrient characteristics of 10 hypogeous (fruiting belowground) fungi and four arboreal lichens eaten by red-backed voles and northern flying squirrels in the Rocky Mountains. Hypogeous fungi contained higher nitrogen, lipid, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, potassium, and phosphorous concentrations than arboreal lichens, but lichens were higher in calcium. To assess diet preferences, 10 pairwise feeding trials using four hypogeous fungi and two arboreal lichens were conducted with voles and seven trials using three hypogeous fungi and two lichens were conducted with squirrels. In general, squirrels and voles preferred hypogeous fungi over arboreal lichens. We then calculated dry matter and nitrogen digestibilities for flying squirrels and red-backed voles fed diets of arboreal lichen and hypogeous fungi. Overall mean dry matter digestibilities were ≥70% for all diets. For hypogeous fungi, nitrogen digestibility was 12.3% and 24.9% for squirrels and voles, respectively, suggesting that most nitrogen was indigestible. Animals maintained positive nitrogen balance when fed fungi but were unable to maintain positive nitrogen balance when fed lichens. Maintenance nitrogen requirements for flying squirrels were lower than predicted. Low requirements may allow for increased consumption of lichen in winter, but lichen diets must be supplemented with a source of nitrogen because animals were unable to maintain nitrogen balance when fed lichen alone. Consumption of numerous fungi and lichen taxa is necessary to sustain these animals year-round.

The application of lichenometry in dating of glacier deposits

Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 108(1):143–151, 2008 Different field methods, which may result in lichen growth curves and lichenometric dating curves, respectively, are outlined and discussed. Emphasis is laid on various factors that need to be taken into consideration in order to avoid errors. The importance of having many control points and minimizing of heterogeneous habitat factors in establishing the sample areas are stressed. It is also important to be aware of some problems regarding the lichen taxa, which are commonly used for lichenometric purposes. A recent example of the application of this particular technique on a glacier foreland at the Mittivakkat Glacier on Ammassalik Island in South East Greenland is discussed.

New taxa of foliicolous lichens from eastern India

Abstract:Two new species, Mazosia lueckingii Kr. P. Singh & Pinokiyo and Sporopodium awasthianum Kr. P. Singh & Pinokiyo and a new variety, Aspidothelium scutellicarpum R. Lücking var. indicum Kr. P. Singh & Pinokiyo, are described.

Recent literature on lichens—205

Adams, B. J., R. D. Bardgett, E. Ayres, D. H. Wall, J. Aislabie, S. Bamforth, R. Bargagli, C. Cary, P. Cavacini, L. Connell, P. Convey, J. W. Fell, F. Frati, I. S. Hogg, K. K. Newsham, A. O’Donnell, N. Russell, R. Seppelt & M. I. Stevens. 2006. Diversity and distribution of Victoria Land biota. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38(10): 3003–3018. [The lichens of the area are relatively well known compared to other groups, and exhibit low endemism.] Alexandrowicz, S. W. & Z. Alexandrowicz. 2006. Rocky edge and malacocoenoses of the Żurawnica Ridge (Polish Western Carpathians). Ekologia [Bratislava] 25(2): 151–165. [Calcicolous lichens briefly mentioned.] Andrade, C. A. S., N. S. Santos-Magalhaes & C. P. de Melo. 2006. Thermodynamic characterization of the prevailing molecular interactions in mixed floating monolayers of phospholipids and usnic acid. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 298(1): 145–153. [This study of usnic acid and phospholipids ‘‘ . . . can provide valuable information on how to prepare stable liposomes that could serve as carriers of US [usnic acid] for therapeutic purposes.’’] Anonymous. 2006. Lichens of the National Forests in Alaska. Alaska Region Air, Botany and Ecology Programs, USDA, U.S. Forest Service, Alaska Region Brochure R10-RG-170: 1–16. [Color brochure illustrating and briefly discussing 27 macrolichens and 3 crustose spp. Some common names such as ‘‘tundra spaghetti’’ and ‘‘fairy barf’’ differ from those in the Lichens of North America book.] Aptroot, A. 2006. Three new species of Lithothelium (Pyrenulaceae) from China and Thailand, with a revised world key and annotated list of species. Lichenologist 38(6): 541–548. [New: Lithothelium echinatum sp. nov. (Yunnan, China), L. grossum sp. nov. (Yunnan, China) & L. quadrisporum sp. nov. (Thailand), L. ferax (Mull Arg.) comb. nov., Anisomeridium concameratum (Stirt.) comb. nov. Key to 27 taxa of Lithothelium is presented.] Aragon, G., A. Garcia & R. Lopez. 2006. Aportacion al conocimiento de los liquenes rupicolas que colonizan las pedrizas del Parque Nacional de Cabaneros. Botanica Complutensis 30: 53–59. [Report of 119 saxicolous spp.; many first reports for the area.] ———, I. Martinez & R. Belinchon. 2006. Aportacion al conocimiento de los liquenes epifitos de Pinus halepensis, P. nigra, P. pinaster y P. sylvestris en la Peninsula Iberica. Botanica Complutensis 30: 61–70. [Study of 84 forests; 170 lichen taxa with discussion of substrate ecology and biogeography.] Arup, U. 2006. The status of Caloplaca havaasii. Graphis Scripta 18(2): 33–37. [Based on morphology and nrITS data, Caloplaca havaasii is a distinct species in the C. citrina/marina group and is known only from the type locality in Norway.] ———. 2006. Caloplaca sorediella Arup, a new sorediate species from western Britain. Lichenologist 38(6): 499–502. [New: Caloplaca sorediella sp. nov. from seashore rocks and plant debris or plant bases in western England, Scotland and Wales.] Aslan, A., M. Gulluce, M. Sokmen, A. Adiguzel, F. Sahin & H. Ozkan. 2006. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Cladonia foliacea, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Evernia divaricata, Evernia prunastri, and Neofuscelia pulla. Pharmaceutical Biology 44(4): 247–252. [Polar phenolics were linked to the antioxidant effects, and antimicrobial and antifungal effects were found in some extracts, but no activity against yeasts.] Bartak, M., K. A. Solhaug, H. Vrablikova & Y. Gauslaa. 2006. Curling during desiccation protects the foliose lichen Lobaria pulmonaria against photoinhibition. Oecologia 149(4): 553–560. [Study done by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging on material from Norway.] Beard, J. S. 1997. Geography, environment and flora of Mt Mulanje, Central Africa. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 80: 189–191. [General overview with brief * The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/ bot-mus/lav/sok_rll.htm. I owe special thanks to Bill Buck for providing copies of papers by other authors, which were otherwise unavailable to me, and to the cooperating authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to me for inclusion in this series.