Lichen Family Graphidaceae Research Articles

Notes on Graphidaceae in Macaronesia, with Descriptions of Four New Species

A survey of the lichen family Graphidaceae in Macaronesia (Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Azores) is presented, with detailed treatments for the genera Allographa, Fissurina, and Graphis. All other species are listed and new records provided. A key to all Graphicacy known from Macaronesia, except the thelotremoid species, is presented. The following species are newly described: Fissurina azorica, Fissurina elaiocarpoides, Fissurina nigrolabiata, and Topeliopsis juniperina. Many species are newly recorded for one or more islands of the three archipelagos.

New species in the family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales) from the Philippines

In the present paper three new species viz. Thalloloma nitidum, Thelotrema isidiosum and T. megasporum belonging to lichen family Graphidaceae are described from the Philippines and compared with the closely related taxa.

Short Communication: New records of Graphis (Graphidaceae, Ascomycota) in Bali Island, Indonesia

Hardini J, Kasiamdari RS, Santosa, Purnomo. 2018. Short Communication: New records of Graphis (Graphidaceae, Ascomycota) in Bali Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 112-118. Graphis is a genus of the lichen family Graphidaceae, which is found living attached to Plumeria spp. trees as its substrate. The purpose of this study was to determine the species diversity of Graphis in Bali Island, Indonesia. This study was conducted between July 2014 and December 2014, at three locations, namely Denpasar City, Klungkung district, and Tabanan district, at the altitudes of 35 m, 69 m and 1269 m asl. respectively. Seven species were found as new records namely Graphis modesta, Graphis immersicans, Graphis palmicola, Graphis nana, Graphis dupaxana, Graphis maritima and Graphis subradiata.

New distributional records in lichen family Graphidaceae for Andhra Pradesh, India

New distributional records in lichen family Graphidaceae for Andhra Pradesh, India

A new lichenicolous species of Melaspilea (Melaspileaceae, Arthoniales) from India

A new lichenicolous fungus Melaspilea nitidochapsae colonising on the thallus of Nitidochapsa leprieurii (Mont.) Parnmen, Lücking et Lumbsch is described from India. The new species differs from other known species colonising lichen family Graphidaceae by having completely carbonised exciple, hyaline to pale brown transversely 1-septate ascospores and a different host.

New higher taxa in the lichen family Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) based on a three-gene skeleton phylogeny

We provide an updated skeleton phylogeny of the lichenized family Graphidaceae (excluding subfamily Gomphilloideae), based on three loci (mtSSU, nuLSU, RPB2), to elucidate the position of four new genera, Aggregatorygma, Borinquenotrema, Corticorygma, and Paratopeliopsis, as well as the placement of the enigmatic species Diorygma erythrellum, Fissurina monilifera, and Redingeria desseiniana. Based on the resulting topology, in addition to three tribes described previously, we recognize four further tribes in the subfamily Graphidoideae: Acanthothecieae Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking, Diploschisteae (Zahlbr.) Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking, Leptotremateae Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking, and Wirthiotremateae Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking. The phylogenetic position of Aggregatorygma and Borinquenotrema was not resolved with support, whereas Corticorygma forms part of Acanthothecieae, supported sister to Acanthothecis, and Paratopeliopsis belongs in Thelotremateae, unsupported sister to Leucodecton. Diorygma erythrellum is confirmed as a member of the Diorygma-Thalloloma clade, while Fissurina monilifera, inspite of its myriotremoid ascomata, belongs in Fissurina s.str. Redingeria dessiniana, although resembling the genus Phaeographopsis, is supported sister to R. glaucoglyphica. Topeliopsis darlingtonii forms the sister group to Gintarasia megalophthalma. Consequently, T. darlingtonii and the closely related T. elixii are recombined in Gintarasia as Gintarasia darlingtonii (Frisch & Kalb) Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking, and G. elixii (Frisch & Kalb) Lumbsch, Kraichak & Lücking.

Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil

Remarkable diversity of the lichen family Graphidaceae in the Amazon rain forest of Rondônia, Brazil

A Contribution to the Lichen Family Graphidaceae (ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia

Kukwa, M., Schiefelbein, U. & Flakus, A. 2013. A contribution to the lichen family Graphidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) of Bolivia. - Herzogia 26: 231–252.Carbacanthogr aphis violaceospora Kukwa & Flakus, Graphis boliviana Kukwa & Flakus and G. seawardii Flakus & Kukwa are described as new to science from Bolivia. In addition 56 corticolous and muscicolous species of Graphidaceae are reported for the first time from Bolivia, of which four, Graphis pinicola, G. urandrae, Phaeographis dendroides and P. quadrifera, are new to South America, and six, Graphis argentata, G. litoralis, G. nudaeformis, G. pittieri, G. subflexibilis and Phaeographis delicatula, are new to the Southern Hemisphere. Notes on the chemistry, habitat and general distribution are provided, with taxonomic remarks provided for some species.

Parallel evolution and phenotypic divergence in lichenized fungi: A case study in the lichen-forming fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes: Ostropales)

A molecular phylogeny of combined mtSSU, nuLSU, and RPB2 data revealed previously unrecognized levels of parallel evolution and phenotypic divergence in the lichen family Graphidaceae. Five clades were supported within the family: the Fissurina, Ocellularia, Graphis, Topeliopsis, and Thelotrema clades, containing 33 of the 42 currently accepted genera within the family. The results for the first time provide a fully resolved phylogeny of this family and confirm the synonymy of Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae. Ancestral character state reconstruction using likelihood, Bayesian, and parsimony approaches indicate that lirellate ascomata evolved independently in each of the five clades. Carbonized ascomata evolved independently in at least four of the five clades. An unexpected result was the independent evolution of columella structures in the Fissurina and Ocellularia clades. Besides these more general findings, we document several cases in which evolution of several traits in parallel resulted in striking look-alikes within unrelated lineages, such as Topeliopsismuscigena and Chapsameridensis in the Topeliopsis and Thelotrema clades, Leptotremawightii, Myriotremalaeviusculum, and Leucodectonphaeosporum in the Ocellularia and Thelotrema clades, Ocellulariastylothecia and Melanotremameiosporum in the Fissurina and Ocellularia clades, and Myriotremapycnoporellum, Myriotremaclandestinum and Wirthiotremaglaucopallens in the Fissurina, Ocellularia, and Topeliopsis clades. Pagel’s test of independent character evolution suggested that at least for some of the traits involved in these cases, ecological constraints may have caused their evolution in parallel. The most intriguing find is the correlation between gall-forming thalli and vertical columns of calcium oxalate crystals, suggesting that these crystals do not function as light distributors, as previously assumed, but instead stabilize the thalli which are usually hollow beneath, similar to a dome-shaped structure. Ancestral character state reconstruction together with an approach to visualize the phenotype of putative ancestral lineages suggested the alpha-Graphidaceae to resemble some of the extant species currently classified in Myriotrema s.lat., with pore-like ascomata, and non-amyloid ascospores with lens-shaped lumina.

Some new combinations in lichen family Graphidaceae

The paper proposes 8 new combinations viz. Diorygma radiatum, Graphis darjeelingensis, G. awasthii, Hemithecium dispersa, Pallidogramme chrysenterodes, P. nilgiriensis, Phaeographis ceylonensis and P. dividens. Two species Helminthocarpon album and H. cherrapunjiense are made as synonyms to Diorygma radiatum.

Recent literature on lichens—204

Adawadkar, B. & U. Makhija. 2006. New species and new records of Graphis from India: transseptate species with completely carbonized exciples and norstictic acid. Mycotaxon 96: 51–60. [Treatment of 10 spp.; key. New: G. albidofarinacea, G. cinnamomea, G. colliculoides, G. kollaimalaiensis, G. nirgocarpa, G. verruciformis and G. nilgiriensis spp. nov. All spp. are reported from Tamil Nadu except G. verruciformis (Kerala).] Aho, K. & T. Weaver. 2006. Measuring water relations and pH of cryptogam rock-surface environments. The Bryologist 109(3): 348–357. [‘‘ ... we devised and tested methods for measuring absorption of liquid and atmospheric water, water retention and pH of rock surfaces. To adjust these measurements to cryptogam-relevant units we also developed an inexpensive method for determining rock surface area ....’’ Field studies were done on volcanic (andesitic) and limestone rocks in Yellowstone National Park.] Alstrup, V. & S. N. Christensen. 2006. New records of lichens with cyanobacteria from Tanzania and Kenya. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 27(1): 57–68. [Reports on 62 taxa. New to Africa: Fuscopannaria leucosticta (Tanzania) and Leptogium rivulare (Tanzania). New to East Africa: Collema subnigrescens, Parmeliella triptophylla and Polychidium dendriscum. Ten taxa new to Tanzania.] Appel, P. W. U., N. Abrahamsen & T. M. Rasmussen. 2006. Unusual features caused by lightning impact in West Greenland. Geological Magazine 143(5): 737–741. [Lightning strike on metacherts burned away all lichens and other plants for several meters.] Aptroot, A., V. John & V. Wirth. 2006. Flechten und lichenicole Pilze im Dreilandereck bei der Saarschleife mit Neufunden aus Lothringen, Saarland und Rheinland-Pfalz (BLAMExkursion 2005). Herzogia 19: 63–76. [Report on field excursion of BLAM in France and Germany in 2005. New to France: Bacidia neosquamulosa and Caloplaca britannica. New to Germany: Chaenothecopsis epithallina. Twenty taxa are reported for the first time from Saarland and 3 for Rhineland-Pflaz.] ——— & L. B. Sparrius. 2006. Additions to the lichen flora of Vietnam, with an annotated checklist and bibliography. The Bryologist 109(3): 358–371. [‘‘The total lichen flora to date comprises 275 species, 122 of which are reported here from Vietnam for the first time.’’] Archer, A. W. 2006. Additional lichen records from Australia 60. Sclerophyton elegans Eschw. Australasian Lichenology 59: 19. [First report is from Queensland.] ———. 2006. The lichen family Graphidaceae in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 94: 1–191. [Monographic treatment of 129 taxa in 16 genera; keys. Several taxa are listed as new synonyms. New: Platygramme mucronata (Stirt.) comb. nov.] Arvidsson, L. & S. Hultengren. 2005. Svenska landskapslavara. Naturcentrum AB, Stenungsund. 62 pp. [Beautiful popular book highlighting one special lichen species from each of Sweden’s 25 provinces with gorgeous color photographs and distribution maps. Available from Naturcentrum AB, Strandtorget 3, 444 30 Stenungsund, Sweden. Price 15 € or US$19.00 þ postage. E-mail ncab@naturcentrum.se.] Atienza, V. & J. G. Segarra-Moragues. 2006. Evaluation of the conservation status of threatened lichens list from coastal areas of the Valencian Community (eastern Spain). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 27(2): 167–183. [Discussion of 11 threatened taxa. Survey documented numbers of individuals and included cover estimates. ‘‘Most of the threats found are due to human activity in the form of urbanism and fires. With this in mind, the IUCN categories and criteria were reassigned to the lichen species.’’] Backor, M., B. Pawlik-Skowronska, J. Tomko, J. Bud’ova & L. Sanita di Toppi. 2006. Response to copper stress in aposymbiotically grown lichen mycobiont Cladonia cristatella: uptake, viability, ergosterol and production on nonprotein thiols. Mycological Research 110(8): 994–999. [Cultured mycobiont showed increased Cu uptake corre* The cumulative database for this series is available in searchable form on the World Wide Web at http://www.nhm.uio.no/botanisk/ bot-mus/lav/sok_rll.htm. I owe special thanks to Bill Buck for providing copies of papers by other authors, which were otherwise unavailable to me, and to the cooperating authors who send reprints or electronic versions of their works to me for inclusion in this series.

Key and checklist for the lichen family Graphidaceae (lichenised Ascomycota) in the Solomon Islands

A checklist and keys are given for the 16 genera in the lichen family Graphidaceae found in the Solomon Islands. A total of 75 species in the family Graphidaceae were identified, distributed as follows: Acanthothecis two species, Anomomorpha one species, Carbacanthographis three species, Diorygma six species, Dyplolabia one species, Fissurina 11 species, Graphis 17 species, Hemithecium four species, Leiorreuma four species, Phaeographina two species, Phaeographis nine species, Platygramme one species, Platythecium six species, Sarcographa three species, Thalloloma three species and Thecaria two species.

Tyrosinase-Inhibitory Activity in Some Species of the Lichen Family Graphidaceae

Tyrosinase-Inhibitory Activity in Some Species of the Lichen Family Graphidaceae

Phylogeny and phenotypic variation in the lichen family Graphidaceae ( Ostropomycetidae, Ascomycota)

A phylogenetic study of the lichen family Graphidaceae is presented. Most genera of the family, as well as selected representatives of the closely related Thelotremataceae, are included. The results of the Bayesian analysis of combined mt SSU and nuLSU rDNA sequence data were compared with recently introduced concepts of genera. Species of Fissurina and Dyplolabia form a monophyletic group in an unresolved sister-group relationship to other members of Graphidaceae and Thelotremataceae. The family Graphidaceae as currently circumscribed is paraphyletic and we suggest that the name Graphidaceae is used in a broader sense to include members of Thelotremataceae. The concepts of Glyphis, Phaeographis and Platygramme are confirmed by molecular data. Surprisingly, Graphis species are found in two distinct clades, which can only partly be explained by morphology. Hemithecium as recently circumscribed is polyphyletic: H. implicatum, with hyaline spores groups within the Graphis scripta clade, whereas a second Hemithecium species, representing subgenus Leucogramma with brown spores, forms a well-supported clade with other brown-spored species such as ‘ Sarcographina’ lyphiza, Leiorreuma hypomelaenum and Sarcographa ramificans. The evolutionary pattern of morphological characters of the ascomata such as exciple carbonization, paraphyses types, and ascospore characters (colour, septation, and Lugols reaction) are critically discussed.

Tyrosinase-Inhibitory Activity in Some Species of the Lichen Family Graphidaceae

Twenty-five species of the lichen family Graphidaceae have been investigated for tyrosinase-inhibitory activity. Tyrosinase-inhibiting material was extracted with solvents methanol, acetone, ethanol, dimethyl sulphoxide in water, and with water only. Methanol has been found to be suitable for extracting adequate amounts of tyrosinase-inhibiting component from the natural thallus. The lichen species such as Graphina glaucorufa, Graphina multistriata, Graphina salacinilabiata, Graphis assamensis, Graphis nakanishiana, and Phaeographopsis indica, have shown inhibition of tyrosinase over a range of 30-78%. Half-inhibiting concentration (IC(50), microg/ml) has been found to be much lower than the standard tyrosinase inhibitors and thus can compete with other commercially available tyrosinase inhibitors. The extracts of these species have been found to be stable at 4 degrees C.

Inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase and superoxide-scavenging activity in some taxa of the lichen family Graphidaceae.

Results on the screening of species of the lichen family Graphidaceae for superoxide-scavenging activity (SSA) and xanthine-oxidase inhibitory (IXO) activity have been presented. The potential of the extracts for scavenging of superoxide and inhibition of xanthine-oxidase under various physiological conditions has been evaluated. The methanolic extracts of the species of family Graphidaceae showed inhibitory properties of xanthine oxidase (IC50 = 2.0 to 5.26 microg/ml) with an additional superoxide scavenging capacity (IC50 = 3.63 to 13.88 microg/ml). The potential of the methanolic extracts for scavenging of superoxide and inhibition of xanthine oxidase remained stable at 4 degrees C. Thus the extracts can be maintained for longer periods for their therapeutic uses.