Licensing Laws Research Articles

Organizing the work of the smart electronic lawyer in litigation

This study showed the dimensions of introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into the judicial field through a smart, non-human electronic lawyer who performs the work of a traditional lawyer, in the absence of specialized Jordanian legislation thereof. This study has discussed the aspects supporting the existence of a smart lawyer, as well as a comparison between the work of a traditional human lawyer and a smart lawyer. Finally, it has discussed the special proposals to organize the work of the smart electronic lawyer in the law firm and before the judicial authorities. The study concluded the importance of introducing the smart lawyer to the judicial work in Jordan and relying on smart lawyer software that is capable of self-development and linking its inputs to solid legal firms that provide it with the latest legislation and judicial decisions thereof and the need for a human lawyer to play the role of supervision only. The study has also recommended establishing a legal center accredited by a judicial authority to qualify specialized lawyers and license law firms that plead before smart courts. The study has also emphasized the need for a link between the smart lawyer programs and judicial or administrative bodies such as the courts or the Companies Control Department for trade names and other related agencies due to the expected benefits thereof.

BEVERAGE STORE BUSINESS LICENSE REGULATION

This study was conducted to understand the arrangement and licensing mechanism for taverns from a legal perspective. Licensing regulations before the Job Creation Law, especially the licensing process in the regions, could have been more friendly to the business sector. The presence of the Job Creation Law, which changed several articles of the Licensing Law, greatly affected the ease of business licensing. This study uses normative juridical research methods with statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The results of this study indicate that the tavern business, which is one of the business sectors in the beverage procurement sector, is a low-risk business, so business licensing is only limited to Business Identification numbers (NIB). Furthermore, regulations related to the requirements for business permits for Beverage Shops with the enactment of PP Number 5 of 2021 revoke the previous regulations regarding the implementation of business licensing services, namely PP No. 24 of 2018regarding Electronically Integrated Business Licensing Services. In this research, it is hoped that the Central Government will establish regulations that specifically function as filtering the tourism sector business, especially the tavern business sector so that the classification of business sectors by sector is in line with the Indonesian Business Field Standard Classification, which is compiled for statistical purposes and establishes business activity standards that apply to businesses with a low level of risk so that they can become rules that can be used as the basis for supervision of the implementation of business licensing.

Proceedings from the Second Medical Summit on Firearm Injury Prevention, 2022: Creating a Sustainable Healthcare Coalition to Advance a Multidisciplinary Public Health Approach.

Proceedings from the Second Medical Summit on Firearm Injury Prevention, 2022: Creating a Sustainable Healthcare Coalition to Advance a Multidisciplinary Public Health Approach.

Policies for Building the Investment Climate in Increasing Investment in Indonesia

Investment has an important role, considering that a country needs investment, especially for developing countries. One of the investment problems in Indonesia is the issue of legal certainty. This problem arose both because of the disharmony of related legislation and the issue of synchronization. Even though the issue of legal certainty is something that is expected by every investor, this is because investment is related to the expected profit in the future. Therefore, it is necessary to have arrangements in terms of legislation, as well as services. The arrangement of services also needs to be accompanied by the arrangement of the legal system. Therefore the concept of an investment legal system must include the arrangement of investment law and related laws, such as labor law issues, licensing laws that encourage certainty and protection for the continuity of investment.

Low-temperature nuclear heating reactors: Characteristics and application of licensing law in China

As one type of small modular nuclear reactor (SMR), the low-temperature nuclear heating reactors (LTNHRs), which have the characteristics of small size, a large power ratio, and good adaptability, can help provide energy in winter as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Despite a growing number of LTNHRs worldwide, a mature legal regulatory system specifically targeting LTNHRs remains undeveloped. Further, few discussions have focused on the prospect of regulating LTHHRs and how national and international frameworks can respond to the new and increasing development of LTNHRs. Given the growing prominence of LTNHRs, this article aims to fill in the research gap by exploring possible regulatory pathways for LTNHRs and whether the existing nuclear regulatory frameworks developed for large reactors could be sufficiently applied to LTNHRs. The article examines and analyzes the prospects and potential challenges for regulating LTHHRs, specifically in the field of licensing. In particular, the article takes the Chinese nuclear legal system as an example to analyze whether the existing legislation and regulations can meet the new requirements for licensing of LTNHRs—given their unique characteristics—in China. Finally, this article proposes suggestions to address the obstacles to regulating LTNHRs, including amending the existing international regulatory framework, improving licensing supervision throughout environmental assessment and public participation, and strengthening international legal cooperation, to ensure the robust and reasonable development of LTNHRs worldwide.

Pediatrician and Child Adolescent Psychiatrist Perspectives of Coordinated Care for Emerging Adults

PurposeTo explore pediatrician and child/adolescent psychiatrists' perspectives of the role of coordinated care for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions, particularly as they transition to adult care. MethodsSemi-structured individual interviews of a purposive sample of 10 pediatricians and 11 child/adolescent psychiatrists in Massachusetts were used to explore coordinated care for emerging adults. Following verbatim transcription and double coding, we conducted a thematic analysis to identify key themes. Care coordination concepts explored included a case discussion, teamwork, communication methods, medication management, transition to adult care, the healthcare home, and youth and family role. Organizational and societal barriers were also discussed. ResultsProviders described key barriers to continuous, coordinated care for youth with serious mental health conditions, including poor communication systems between providers, no organized process for the transition from pediatric to adult care, state licensing laws (particularly impacting college-age youth), inadequate connection to community supports, and poor reimbursement rates for psychiatric care. Termination of primary care in young adults and inadequate medication side effect monitoring were described as key gaps in care. DiscussionThe current system of coordinated care for emerging adults with serious mental health conditions is a perfect storm of challenges that creates a vicious cycle of interconnected barriers which lead to fragmented, discontinuous, and sub-par care for this population.

License to Drive: The Effect of State Driver's Licensing Laws on the Travel of Unauthorized Immigrants

License to Drive: The Effect of State Driver's Licensing Laws on the Travel of Unauthorized Immigrants

The Nurse Licensure Compact's Effect on Telemedicine Usage.

As a result of a shortage of primary care physicians, considerable portion of patients in the US have difficulty accessing primary care. Telemedicine allows healthcare professionals to reach patients in shortage areas, but state-based occupational licensing laws make interstate practice difficult. The Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) was designed to improve interstate practice for Registered Nurses (RNs), including telemedicine. Our preliminary analysis does not find evidence that the NLC is able to significantly increase telemedicine usage from out-of-state providers. Policymakers cannot rely on just the NLC to encourage the adoption of telemedicine; other regulations currently limit its adoption.

Seat belt laws and prevalence of use among high school students in the United States

To examine the association between state seat belt laws and the prevalence of seat belt use among a nationally representative sample of teenagers in the United States, taking into consideration state-specific child restraint laws that could affect teenagers of different ages. Data were from the 2019 state Youth Risk Behavior Survey. We estimated prevalence ratios using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimates to evaluate associations between state seat belt laws and seat belt use. Among, 81,929 high school students under 18 from 36 states, 56% always wore a seat belt when someone else was driving. Relative to students in states with secondary enforcement of seat belt laws, students living in states with primary enforcement were 5% more likely (aPR=1.05, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.11), and students covered by a child restraint law were 6% more likely to always wear a seat belt (aPR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.12) after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and graduated driver licensing laws. States with secondary seat belt enforcement should consider upgrading seat belt laws to potentially improve the prevalence of seat belt use among adolescents, potentially reducing injuries and deaths due to motor vehicle crashes.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Penyuluhan Hukum Tentang Legalisasi Industri Rumah Tangga Di Desa Bendungan

The development of the home industry is currently increasingly stretched and is important for economic growth for the country. The more businesses, the more jobs. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are also an important pillar in economic growth, so it is necessary to innovate to make it easier for MSMEs to carry out their roles and activities after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its development still has obstacles, one of which is the difficulty in obtaining business legality and formality. The problem of MSMEs in the aspect of obtaining business permits and certification must be a serious concern, because the costs are relatively large and need assistance. Anticipating this requires a policy that is able to guarantee and protect business actors so that they can compete in the midst of global economic liberalization. This is experienced by MSMEs in Bendungan Village which consists of several business groups such as; Palm Sugar Producers, Pastries and Egg Nut Manufacturing Groups, who do not yet have legality such as a business license. Based on the existing problems, the solutions offered are specifically in Bendungan village, namely; Counseling on licensing and certification laws. The implementation of this counseling aims to provide understanding to the community, especially business actors to register their products so that they have legality and are recognized for their validity in the community. Not only that, training and Business Management Guidance were also carried out such as product packaging. Counseling was carried out in collaboration with the Office of Investment and Energy and Mineral Resources of Boalemo Regency as a resource person. The licensing process only needs to be done in a system (online) on the Online Single Submission (OSS) page by entering personal data in the form of the business owner's KTP and NPWP. Having a permit for this business makes it easier for people to market their products in supermarkets, and provides opportunities for people to get financial support from the government. While other activities are training in making packaging for community business products accompanied by students. Constraints faced by the community such as ownership of NPWP, it is suggested to the sub-district and village governments to hold a management and procurement program directly in the village to make it easier for the community. In addition, the village needs to map out the marketing locations for community business products and support packaging for the progress of the village, through economic empowerment in home industries.

How to fully implement legal principles in China's EIA review and approval

This article explores the problems arising out of the EIA review and approval by examining 63 administrative judicial decisions. Each of the 63 administrative judicial decisions have been analyzed in this paper to determine the causes of actions, what the specific claims made by plaintiff and to summarize the features of the relevant cases. The results indicate that, problems arising in the procedure of EIA examination and approval by Chinese local administrative organs mainly consist of insufficient information disclosure, infringement of the public's right to know, violation of public participation provisions, unlawful revocation of EIA permission, delay in review and approval, and failure to perform the examination duties, all of which can be further categorized into following types, that is, deficiency in the EIA information openness and deficiency in procedural justice and legitimacy in respect of the EIA review and approval procedure, which show that the legal principles stipulated in the Administrative Licensing Law of People's Republic of China are ignored in respect of EIA approval. In order to solve these problems, this paper is of the opinion that the Chinese local environmental protection departments should not only abide by the Environmental Impact Assessment Law of the People's Republic of China, but also strictly follow the legal principles stipulated in the Administrative Licensing Law of People's Republic of China, such as the principle of lawfulness of administration doctrine, openness, procedural fairness, reliance protection, supervision, etc., so as to ensure that China's EIA permits are carried out along the track of legalization.

Job Market Signaling through Occupational Licensing

Abstract Among men, the black-white wage gap is as large today as it was in 1950. We test whether the black-white wage gap is due to asymmetric information using newly collected data on occupational licensing laws that ban workers with criminal records. We find evidence supporting this hypothesis. The licensing premiums for black men are largest in licensed occupations that restrict felons—particularly in states with Ban-the-Box laws and at small firms. In these contexts where a worker's criminal history is difficult to infer, we find that occupational licensing reduces asymmetric information and reduces the racial wage gap.

Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence

We present the rationale behind four types of laws that restrict access to firearms for those who are deemed to be a high risk for future gun violence and two types of laws that implement firearm purchase prohibitions. We also present evidence on the effectiveness of these laws. Broadly, these are laws that restrict access for domestic violence abusers, individuals convicted of misdemeanor violence, and individuals at high risk of violence against themselves or others. We briefly discuss relinquishment of firearms by those who are newly restricted, but we focus mainly on how purchase restrictions are implemented by the federal government and across states. Extant research shows that well-implemented firearm policy that is based on evidence-based risk factors can be effective in reducing firearm injury.

Effectiveness of implementing a Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) law among young Serbian drivers

Introduction: Young novice drivers have higher rates of engagement in road crashes worldwide, often owing to unfavorable attitudes toward road safety or lack of knowledge, experience, and risk consciousness. However, the implementation of graduated driver licensing (GDL) systems has proven effective in reducing the high incidence of young drivers involved in crashes. Method: The purpose of this study was to compare the change in driving outcomes (e.g., attitudes toward traffic safety, behavior patterns while driving, risk assessment in traffic, assessment of personal driving skills, and involvement in traffic crashes) of young drivers prior to and following the implementation of a GDL law. Respondents (n = 642) completed a battery of questions, including a driver attitudes questionnaire (Behaviour of Young Novice Drivers Scale), a self-assessed driving ability questionnaire, and a risk perception questionnaire. Of the total sample size, 324 drivers passed the old system of training driver’s license candidates, and 318 drivers passed the new GDL system. Results: The results showed that drivers licensed with GDL reported safer attitudes toward traffic rule violations and speed, and higher levels of safety orientation with regard to their driving abilities. They also reported much higher levels of risk perception and lower exposure to risky situations (risky driving exposure). There were no differences between GDL drivers and non-GDL drivers in terms of self-reported crashes or transient or fixed violations. In addition, GDL was not related to the number of traffic crashes, the number of fatalities, or serious and slight injuries in crashes involving young drivers in crashes obtained from official records. Conclusions: The results suggest that GDL contributed to the improvement of drivers’ attitudes and understanding of risk but did not contribute to significant changes in the behavior of young drivers and traffic crashes. In addition, the GDL program in Serbia only ranks fair on the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) scale. Strengthening the GDL program in Serbia with additional components in line with GDL programs rated as good by the IIHS scale could improve the safety of young and novice drivers in traffic.

Difusi Internet of Things dan Penguatan Hukum dalam Bisnis Berbasis PKM-V

The research objective of Internet of Things Diffusion and Legal Strengthening in Pkm-V-Based Business is to help national development by strengthening the Internet of Things in oyster mushroom cultivation, where this can be a solution to the agricultural land crisis in urban areas in order to continue to realize food security. , then in order to develop more efficient entrepreneurship, oyster mushroom cultivation collaborates with the Internet of things (IoT) in order to keep up with the times, namely the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 which requires that everything can have a connection between tools/machines and humans through the internet network which increases productivity. cultivation and increase profits in entrepreneurship, in addition to development in terms of technology, strengthening in the law needs to be implemented such as Business Licenses and Certificates for Home Industry Food Production and registration of brands to DJKI Ministry of can help business development so that it can compete with n other products, In this study, the author uses an empirical juridical method with a qualitative approach than the results of this study emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary scientific collaboration and innovation in the development of student business based on PKM-V, especially in the Internet of Things technology and strengthening in terms of licensing law. The results of research with a case study of the 2020 PKM-V winner, Bung Partis Cultivator (Bandung Manufacturing Polytechnic) show data that the implementation of the Internet of Things has indeed been able to realize precision agriculture, but the lack of strengthening in terms of law and rampant bureaucratic pathology has made student business based on PKM-V it is difficult to develop and cooperate with partners, therefore deeper socialization is needed regarding legal strengthening in PKM-V as well as improving public services by the government in terms of reducing bureaucratic pathology in the administration of Business Licenses and Home Industry Food Production Certificates.

Impact of Telehealth on the Current and Future Practice of Lipidology: A Scoping Review

<h3>Lead Author's Financial Disclosures</h3> Nothing to disclose. <h3>Study Funding</h3> None. <h3>Background/Synopsis</h3> Telehealth services have been implemented in many chronic conditions with the expectation to improve care for patients and has expanded greatly due to the COVID pandemic. Little is known about the impact that telehealth on the practice of lipidology. <h3>Objective/Purpose</h3> To determine the current utilization of telehealth for lipid management and explore barriers and enablers to telehealth's future impact on the practice of lipidology. <h3>Methods</h3> The PubMed database was searched from inception to June 25, 2021, to identify all relevant articles published utilizing telehealth for lipid management. This search returned 376 articles when using the following key words: "lipids or cholesterol" and "telehealth". Articles were included at abstract screening if they mentioned telehealth and lipids. The definition of telehealth was refined during full-text screening as a synchronous visit between a patient and a clinician that replaced an in-office appointment. All other types of telehealth were excluded including those that only implemented mobile health technologies, remote monitoring, or call backs for return of laboratory results. Additionally, articles had to measure lipid levels. Article findings were synthesized into one of the following categories: 1) barriers to implementing and delivery of telemedicine visits, 2) facilitators to implementing and delivery of telemedicine visits, 3) clinician perspectives on telemedicine, or 4) mention future utility of telemedicine. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 376 articles found, 128 abstracts were included, and 79 articles were included after full text screening. The main reason for exclusion were not meeting the definition for telemedicine. Of the 81 articles, 18 were reviews, 31 were randomized clinical trials, 15 were pre-post evaluations, and 15 were categorized as other study designs. About half of the articles reported telehealth services for individuals with diabetes. Barriers reported include lack of evidence that supports telemedicine's impact or sustainability, technology cost, high appointment cancelation rates, and lack of reimbursement for clinicians. Enablers reported positive to no-negative impact on health outcomes, cost savings for health systems, and easier implementation of multidisciplinary approaches to care. Clinicians had mixed feelings on their ability to deliver clinical care, but report improved patient satisfaction. Future use of telemedicine included mentions of the need for new reimbursement structures, technology literacy programs, and revisions to current clinician licensing laws. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Telemedicine use to provide care for individuals with lipid conditions has expanded during the COVID pandemic, but more research is needed to determine whether it is a sustainable model for lipid management.

Environmental Policy and Compensation in China: An Empirical Analysis of Article Eight of the Chinese Administrative License Law

Abstract In the past few years, China has implemented environmental policies that negatively affected the property interests of numerous private enterprises. This article offers the first systematic analysis of how China compensates enterprises for losses caused by the implementation of environmental laws and policies. It generates descriptive statistics on the characteristics of the compensation cases and finds that in a majority of the cases, the court allowed the government to set compensation below the value of the enterprise’s investment. Statistics also show that China offers weaker protection for private enterprises against newly adopted environmental policies compared to other types of rules or policies, allowing the government to close highly polluting enterprises with relatively low compensation. This article then offers an explanation of the courts’ approach and considers whether Chinese courts achieve an appropriate balance between property protection and policy flexibility.

Implications of a new licensing framework on the impact assessment of water and sewage systems

A bill pending in the Brazilian Senate may change profoundly the characteristics and practice of environmental licensing in Brazil, including removing the obligation to obtain an environmental license for specific projects, such as those related to water supply and sanitary sewage. This timely bibliographical and documental study aims to analyse the development of specific legislation on environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental licensing of these two types of projects and compare them with the changes provided by the proposed Licensing Law. The work uses the identification and analysis of specific rules and legal documents that make up the current regulatory framework for licensing and the changes provided by the bill. The flexibility and exclusion of environmental licensing, without scientific rigour, ignore the importance of this instrument for environmental integration into decision-making. Furthermore, projects could damage the environment without such analysis due to the need to expand water supply and sanitation systems.

Licensing Examination and Crash Outcomes Postlicensure in Young Drivers

Despite US graduated driver licensing laws, young novice driver crash rates remain high. Study findings suggest comprehensive license policy that mandates driver education including behind-the-wheel (BTW) training may reduce crashes postlicensure. However, only 15 states mandate BTW training. To identify differences in licensing and crash outcomes for drivers younger than 18 years who are subject to comprehensive licensing requirements (graduated driver licensing, driver education, and BTW training) vs those aged 18 to 24 years who are exempt from these requirements. This prospective, population-based cohort study used Ohio licensing data to define a cohort of 2018 license applicants (age 16-24 years, n = 136 643) and tracked licensed driver (n = 129 897) crash outcomes up to 12 months postlicensure. The study was conducted from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, and data analysis was performed from October 7, 2019, to February 11, 2022. Licensing examination performance and population-based, police-reported crash rates in the first 2 months and 12 months postlicensure across age groups, sex, and census tract-level sociodemographic variables were measured. Poisson regression models compared newly licensed driver crash rates, with reference to individuals licensed at 18 years, while controlling for census tract-level sociodemographic factors, time spent in the learner permit period, and licensing examination performance measures. Of 136 643 novice drivers, 69 488 (50.9%) were male and 67 152 (49.1%) were female. Mean (SD) age at enrollment (age at first on-road examination) was 17.7 (2.1) years. License applicants aged 16 and 17 years performed best on license examinations (15 466 [21.6%] and 5112 [30.9%] failing vs 7981 [37.5%] of applicants aged 18 years). Drivers licensed at 18 years had the highest crash rates of all those younger than 25 years. Compared with drivers licensed at 18 years, crash rates were 27% lower in individuals aged 16 years and 14% lower in those aged 17 years during the first 2 months postlicensure when controlling for socioeconomic status, time spent in learner permit status, and license examination performance measures (adjusted relative risk [aRR] at age 16 years: 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67-0.80; age 17 years: aRR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.96). At 12 months postlicensure, crash rates were 19% lower for individuals licensed at age 16 years (aRR, 0.81; 95%, CI, 0.77-0.85) and 6% lower at age 17 years (aRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.99) compared with individuals aged 18 years. In Ohio, drivers younger than 18 years who are subject to graduated driver licensing and driver education, including BTW training requirements, had lower crash rates in the first year postlicensure compared with those aged 18 years, with controls applied. These findings suggest that it may be fruitful for future work to reconsider the value of mandated driver license policies, including BTW training, and to examine reasons for delayed licensure and barriers to accessing training.

About the Authors

About the Authors