Licensing Agreements Research Articles

A Versatile, Secure, and Sustainable All-in-One Biobank-Registry Data Solution: The A3BC REDCap Model.

Introduction: A key element in the big data revolution is large-scale biobanking and the associated development of high-quality data collections and supporting informatics solutions. As such, in establishing the Australian Arthritis and Autoimmune Biobank Collaborative (A3BC), we sought to establish a low-cost, nation-scale data management system capable of managing a multisite biobank registry with complex longitudinal sample and data requirements. Materials and Methods: We assessed several international commercial and nonprofit software platforms using standardized system requirement criteria and follow-up interviews. Vendor compliance scoring was prioritized to meet our project-critical requirements. Consumer/end-user codesign was integral to refining our system requirements for optimized adoption. Customization of the selected software solution was performed to optimize field auto-population between participant timepoints and forms, using modules that are transferable and that do not impact core code. Institutional and independent testing was used to ensure data security. Results: We selected the widely used research web application Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), which is "free" (under nonprofit license agreement terms), highly configurable, and customizable to a variety of biobank and registry needs and can be developed/maintained by biobank users with modest IT skill, time, and cost. We created a secure, comprehensive participant-centric biobank-registry database that includes: (1) best practice data security measures (incl. multisite access login using institutional user credentials), (2) permission-to-contact and dynamic itemized electronic consent, (3) a complete chain of custody from consent to longitudinal biospecimen data collection to publication, (4) complex longitudinal patient-reported surveys, (5) integration of record-level extracted/linked participant data, (6) significant form auto-population for streamlined data capture, and (7) native dashboards for operational visualizations. Conclusion: We recommend the versatile, reusable, and sustainable informatics model we have developed in REDCap for prospective chronic disease biobanks or registry biobanks (of local to national complexity) supporting holistic research into disease prediction, precision medicine, and prevention strategies.

Economic and legal aspects of the use of computer programs

Keywords: computer program, economic and legal regulation, taxation, licenseagreement, initial cost, value added tax, royalties
 The article deals with the economic and legal aspects of using computer programs inbusiness operations. In particular, certain problems of taxation relating to the creationand use of computer programs are considered. There have been consideredways and means of representations in the accounting of the following operations: purchaseof intellectual property rights to a computer program, supply of a computer programfrom a non-resident (resident) to a resident. The principles of the formation ofthe cost of a computer program, depending on the terms of purchase, have been outlined.The has been defined the concept of royalties from the use of a computer programin the economic activity of an enterprise. The article indicates that the supply ofservices (performance of work) related to software products and that introducechanges to the software are deemed to be any updates, changes, additions to expandtheir functionality. Such an operation is referred to as the supply of software productsusing IT benefits. The supply of services that do not introduce changes, namely: installation,configuration, testing, identification and rectification of deficiencies, information,and consulting support is referred to operations that are subject to VAT atthe general rate. The article states that VAT is charged on operations for the supplyof software products from a non-resident (resident) to a resident in the customs territory(customs territory) of Ukraine, which, in turn, is not subject to VAT. At the sametime, if as a result of the provision of technical support services for software products(including software products provided for use under the license agreement) there areno changes in software products (for example, training staff to work with the program,installing the program, configuration of office equipment, etc.), then operationsfor the provision of such services are subject to VAT in the generally established mannerin the amount of 20 percent.There has been determined the need to improve economic and legal regulation ofthe creation and use of computer programs in the economic activities of companies interms of taxation.

SCOPE OF PROTECTION AND DEPENDENCE BETWEEN PATENT RIGHTS

Based on European doctrine and the Author's previous work, the present work intends to illuminate the judicatively complex question of what are the requirements or assumptions whose verification make a invention patented (and therefore a technical solution provided with inventive activity and novelty in relation to the state of the art) “mysteriously” dependent on another previously patented invention, allowing the holder of the latter (dominant patent) to prevent the commercial exploitation of the first (dependent patent) - a situation that is susceptible of being released by entering into a voluntary license agreement or by granting a compulsory license. Basically, taking into account the Portuguese Industrial Property Code, European doctrine and jurisprudence and the European Patent Convention, we seek to demonstrate that the solution to these issues lies in the delimitation of the concrete (technological) scope of patent protection previously registered.

‘License to green’: Regional patent licensing networks and green technology diffusion in China

Based on the concept of regional lead markets for environmental innovation, this paper fits exponential random graph models on a regionalized patent licensing network to explore how green technologies diffuse in space. The empirical analysis relies on a novel database of license agreements for Chinese patents, which are used to measure spatial innovation diffusion, as they indicate locations for both innovation development and adoption. Findings suggest, among other factors, that geographic proximity matters, that regions exhibit both network activity and popularity effects particularly in highly populated regions, that network effects such as mutual linking and triadic closure help to explain diffusion processes, and that local technology supply and demand are closely interconnected. In that regard, the role of environmental regulations is identified as being complex. The findings help to understand the formation of regional lead markets for environmental innovation, opening opportunities to accelerate innovation diffusion and a transition towards sustainability.

Anti-Suit Injunctions, FRAND Policies and the Conflict between Overlapping Jurisdictions

Abstract Numerous courts worldwide consider themselves competent to determine the FRAND compliance of global SEP license agreements and to set worldwide FRAND rates. A court deciding a FRAND case involving a global FRAND rate may issue an injunction which prohibits the filing or enforcement of an action in another jurisdiction (anti-suit injunction, hereinafter ‘ASI’). The parties litigating in the courts of another country may request this court to enjoin the filing or execution of the ASI – (anti-anti-suit injunction, hereinafter ‘AASI’). This article argues that the extraterritorial effects of both ASIs and AASIs may unduly impede court proceedings. However, ASIs and AASIs may in certain cases legitimately protect the interests that sovereign states have in undisturbed court proceedings. Self-restraint should be exercised because each ASI/AASI contains the risk of escalation. The article gives guidelines as to under which conditions ASIs/AASIs may be issued and accepted by the courts. It also aims to raise awareness among policymakers so that internationally binding rules which ease the conflicts may be implemented.

Myeloablative Fractionated Busulfan Conditioning Regimen with Sorafenib in Patients with AML: Results of Phase I Clinical Trial

Myeloablative Fractionated Busulfan Conditioning Regimen with Sorafenib in Patients with AML: Results of Phase I Clinical Trial

Optimizing Myeloablative Fractionated Busulfan, Fludarabine and Thiotepa Regimen: Results of Two Parallel Cohorts in a Phase 2 Prospective Clinical Trial

Background: Myeloablative conditioning can be given safely to older patients by simply administering busulfan (Bu) over a longer period (fractionated (f)-Bu) with fludarabine (Flu) than the standard four-day regimen. (Popat et al Lancet Haematology 2018). We added thiotepa (Thio) to this f-Bu/Flu regimen in patients with haploidentical (haplo) donors to promote engraftment and to reduce relapse. With encouraging results, Thio was then added in matched unrelated (MUD) and sibling (MSD) donor recipients also. However, the optimal doses of Thio and Bu were undefined. To further optimize the regimen, we tested two different f-Bu/Flu/Thio regimens in parallel prospective cohorts: (a) higher dose Bu with lower dose Thio, and (b) lower dose Bu with a higher dose Thio. Patients were enrolled on these cohorts based on age and co-morbidity index (HCT-CI). Herein, we report on the safety and preliminary efficacy of these regimens (NCT02861417).Methods: Patients <60 years with HCT-CI <3, or >60 years with HCT-CI <2 received IV f-Bu to target an area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) of 20,000 ± 12% μmol.min with Thio 2.5 mg/kg (Bu20K/Thio2.5; Cohort 1). Patients <60 years with an HCT-CI >3, or >60 years with HCT-CI >2, or >70 years irrespective of HCT-CI received f-BU to target AUC of 16,000 with Thio 5mg/kg (Bu16K/Thio5; Cohort 2). In both cohorts, the first two doses of Bu (80 mg/m2 IV each) were given as outpatient on days -20 and -13. The last four Bu doses were given as inpatient following each dose of Flu 40 mg/m2 on days -6 through -3. Thio was given on day -7. GVHD prophylaxis was post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) 50mg/kg on days 3 and 4, tacrolimus and MMF.Results: 66 patients were enrolled - 25 in cohort 1 and 41 in cohort 2, with a median age 60 years (range, 22-69) vs 62 years (range, 30-74), respectively (P=0.14). Diagnoses were AML/MDS (64% vs 54%), CML/MPD (24% vs 22%), ALL (12% vs 22%) and 1 myeloma; P=0.24. Most had intermediate disease risk index (80% vs 73%, P=0.57); median HCT-CI was 1 (range, 0-6) vs 3 (range, 0-9); P<0.0001. Donor was haplo (60% vs 19%), MUD (24% vs 54%) or MSD (16% vs 27%); P=0.002; BM graft was used in 56% vs 27%; p=0.02, respectively, in cohorts 1 and 2. The median follow-up among survivors was 18.7 months.Primary graft failure occurred in 1 patient in cohort 1 and none in cohort 2. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 17.5 days (range, 14-26) vs 18 days (range, 12-26); P=0.12, respectively; platelet engraftment > 20K was 30 days in both groups; P=0.75. Median donor chimerism at day 30 was 100% in both groups. The incidence of acute GVHD grade III-IV was 4% vs 5%; P=0.88 at day 100; extensive chronic GVHD at 1 year was 13% vs 10%; P=0.83. At 1-year overall survival was 72% vs 78%; P=0.95; relapse was 12% each; non-relapse mortality was 20% vs 17%; P=0.97 [Table 1, Fig 1]. Common grade >3 toxicities were neutropenic fever (64% vs 42%; P=0.13), bacterial infection (44% vs 34%; P=0.45), nausea (12% vs 2%; P=0.15), mucositis (8% vs 5%; P=0.63), pneumonitis (12% vs 7%; P=0.67), hemorrhagic cystitis (8% vs 5%) and sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (8% vs 2.4%).Conclusion: In this population of older patients and/or high co-morbidities, both myeloablative regimens with f-Bu/Flu with thiotepa and PTCy were well tolerated and led to low NRM, low risk of relapse and encouraging survival. Although both regimens led to similar outcomes, the f-Bu/Flu/Thio regimen with Bu16K and thiotepa 5 mg/kg dose may be preferred as this was used in patients who were older and/or had high co-morbidities. [Display omitted] DisclosuresPopat: Bayer: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Mehta: CSLBehring: Research Funding; Kadmon: Research Funding; Syndax: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Hosing: Nkarta Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Rezvani: Caribou: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Virogin: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; AvengeBio: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; GSK: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Bayer: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Navan Technologies: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; GemoAb: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Takeda: Other: License agreement and research agreement, Patents & Royalties; Pharmacyclics: Other: Educational grant, Research Funding; Affimed: Other: License agreement and research agreement; education grant, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Qazilbash: Oncopeptides: Other: Advisory Board; Janssen: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other: Advisory Board; NexImmune: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Angiocrine: Research Funding; Biolline: Research Funding. Shpall: Affimed: Patents & Royalties; Adaptimmune: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Magenta: Consultancy; Magenta: Honoraria; Axio: Consultancy; Takeda: Patents & Royalties; Navan: Consultancy; Novartis: Honoraria; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria.

Incidence and Outcomes of Toxoplasma Reactivation in Patients with Hematologic Diseases after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Incidence and Outcomes of Toxoplasma Reactivation in Patients with Hematologic Diseases after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Myeloablative Fractionated Busulfan Conditioning Regimen with Venetoclax in Patients with AML/MDS: Prospective Phase II Clinical Trial

Background: Myeloablative conditioning can be given safely to older patients by simply administering busulfan over a longer period (fractionated busulfan regimen) than the standard four-day regimen (Popat et al Lancet Haematology 2018). This longer duration of conditioning regimen allows addition of targeted agents like Venetoclax, which may be synergistic with conditioning chemotherapy and may further improve disease control with this regimen. We therefore added Venetoclax to our ongoing prospective clinical trial with f-Bu-Flu-Cladribine conditioning (NCT02250937). After enrolling 83 patients, the study was amended and venetoclax was added for the next 33 patients. Here we report the safety and preliminary efficacy of venetoclax and fractionated busulfan regimen.Methods: Between 2/2019 and 3/2021, 33 patients with AML (n=21) or MDS (n=10) up to 70 years of age with adequate organ function and 8/8-HLA matched related or unrelated donor were enrolled on a prospective trial. The conditioning regimen was f-Bu to target an area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC) of 20,000 ± 12% μmol.min given over a period of 2-3 weeks. The first two doses of busulfan (80 mg/m2 IV each) were administered either consecutively (days -13 and -12) or with further fractionation, one week apart (days -20 and -13) on outpatient basis. Then, inpatient fludarabine 10 mg/m 2, and cladribine 10 mg/m 2 were given followed by Bu on days -6 to -3. Venetoclax 400mg daily was given from day -22 to -3. Azoles were avoided during this period. GVHD prophylaxis was PTCy 50mg/kg on days 3 and 4 and tacrolimus from day 5.Results: The median age was 59 years (range, 23-69); High or very high disease risk index was present in 21%; Comorbidity index score of >3 was present in 45%; Donor was a sibling in 39%; and peripheral blood stem cells was the graft source in 100%.The median follow up was 8 months. At 1-year, overall survival was 84% (95% confidence interval, 71-100), progression-free survival 77% (64-94), relapse 13% (1-25), and non-relapse mortality 10% (0-20) [Table 1, Figure 1]. Incidence of acute GVHD grade 2-4 was 28% (12-43) and grade 3-4 acute GVHD was 3% (0-9) at day 100. All patients engrafted. The median time to neutrophil engraftment was 15 days (13 -19) and median time to platelet engraftment was 23 days (11-85). Full donor chimerism at day 30 was noted in 76%. Common grade 3 or 4 toxicity were neutropenic fever (58%), mucositis (18%) and pulmonary toxicity in 21%.Conclusion: Venetoclax can be safely added to the fractionated busulfan regimen. Early data on efficacy appear promising. [Display omitted] DisclosuresPopat: Bayer: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding. Mehta: CSLBehring: Research Funding; Syndax: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Kadmon: Research Funding. Hosing: Nkarta Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gulbis: EUSA Pharma: Other: Advisory board participation. Rezvani: AvengeBio: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Pharmacyclics: Other: Educational grant, Research Funding; GemoAb: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Navan Technologies: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Bayer: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Caribou: Other: Scientific Advisory Board; Takeda: Other: License agreement and research agreement, Patents & Royalties; Virogin: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; GSK: Other: Scientific Advisory Board ; Affimed: Other: License agreement and research agreement; education grant, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding. Qazilbash: Bristol-Myers Squibb: Other: Advisory Board; Oncopeptides: Other: Advisory Board; Amgen: Research Funding; Angiocrine: Research Funding; NexImmune: Research Funding; Biolline: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding. Kadia: Cure: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy; Dalichi Sankyo: Consultancy; Cellonkos: Other; Ascentage: Other; Genfleet: Other; Sanofi-Aventis: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Other: Grant/research support; Astellas: Other; Liberum: Consultancy; BMS: Other: Grant/research support; Amgen: Other: Grant/research support; Aglos: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Other; AstraZeneca: Other; AbbVie: Consultancy, Other: Grant/research support; Pulmotech: Other; Jazz: Consultancy. Konopleva: Calithera: Other: grant support, Research Funding; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Grant Support, Research Funding; Ascentage: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Cellectis: Other: grant support; Ablynx: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Agios: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Rafael Pharmaceuticals: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Eli Lilly: Patents & Royalties: intellectual property rights, Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Stemline Therapeutics: Research Funding; F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: grant support; Forty Seven: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Sanofi: Other: grant support, Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: grant support, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: research funding pending, Patents & Royalties: intellectual property rights; Reata Pharmaceuticals: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Patents & Royalties: intellectual property rights; KisoJi: Research Funding. Shpall: Axio: Consultancy; Magenta: Consultancy; Novartis: Consultancy; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria; Adaptimmune: Consultancy; Navan: Consultancy; Takeda: Patents & Royalties; Novartis: Honoraria; Affimed: Patents & Royalties; Magenta: Honoraria.

Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Versus Tacrolimus and Methotrexate to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Recipients of Matched Donor Transplantation: Comparison of Sequential Cohorts in a Prospective Trial

Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Versus Tacrolimus and Methotrexate to Prevent Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Recipients of Matched Donor Transplantation: Comparison of Sequential Cohorts in a Prospective Trial

Law Enforcement In The Field Of Music In The Spotify Application Program

Music and songs are one of the areas of Intellectual Property Rights which are protected in Article 58 letter (d) of UU Number 28 of 2014 about Copyright, namely Copyright Protection for Song or music creations with or without text. In this digital era, there are many ways for us to get the music we want through various platforms on the internet such as Youtube, Joox, Spotify, and others. Because the means to get music are getting easier now, there are more and more copyright violations against music, ranging from piracy to plagiarism. This study aims to discuss how the Copyright law regulates copyright protection in the field of music on the internet and also how the Spotify music service platform protects copyright. The research method used is a normative research method; the data analyzed is secondary legal data consisting of primary legal materials, namely Copyright Law and Secondary Law materials, namely literature related to research problems. Based on the results of the study, it is known that Spotify as one of the world's famous song streaming applications has the exclusive right as a copyright licensee to exercise exclusive rights as regulated in Article 9 of the Copyright Law. Spotify as a streaming service provider must of course have a license for the music or songs provided in the application through a license agreement with the licensor.

Implementation Of Legal Protection On Royalty Management Of Government Regulation Number 56 Of 2021

Abstracts This article examines Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021 concerning the management of royalties on song/music copyrights. This writing uses a normative juridical approach. This normative juridical approach is employed based on the statutes of black letter law and the conceptual method. The result of the study found that royalty management is carried out by LMKN depend on integrated data in the data/song center. Every public at large can enjoy songs/music commercially to public services by applying for a license agreement to the copyright holder or related rights through LMKN intermediaries.The Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights is obliged to disseminate this regulation and build a data center to control the database of the song/music and ownership of copyright. Therefore, it requires cooperation between the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights, LMKN, creators/owners of related rights, and the general public who enjoy commercial songs/music. After the socialization, a strict penalty will be imposed on those who violate or deny paying the stipulated royalty in Government Regulation Number 56 of 2021. Keywords: Copyright;Legal Protection; Royalty Management; Music/Song

Conditions for Granting Compulsory License for Dependent Invention Use

The paper deals with the institution of compulsory licensing for dependent inventions. Currently, its most important application is in the pharmaceutical industry. In order to launch generic drugs that are dependent inventions pharmaceutical companies have to enter into licensing agreements with the developers of original drugs. The law enforcement practice that began in 2018 in the Russian Federation showed that paragraph 2 of Art. 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the conditions for granting a compulsory license for the use of a dependent invention, needs to be harmonized and supplemented in order to protect and regulate the balance of private and public interests. To solve this problem, the author analyses the wording of the corresponding legal norm found in international agreements, in particular in the TRIPS Agreement, and in the national legislation of different countries as well as the effectiveness of its application. Based on the results of the study, possible clarifications are given to the conditions for granting a compulsory license for the use of a dependent invention under paragraph 2 of Art. 1362 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Eni and CLG announce joint cooperation and licensing agreement for complete suite of residue hydrocracking technologies

Eni and CLG announce joint cooperation and licensing agreement for complete suite of residue hydrocracking technologies

Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Berupa Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Terhadap Pemegang Lisensi Hak Cipta (Studi Putusan Nomor 02/PDT.SUS-HKI/2015/PN/NIAGA.Smg jo. Putusan Nomor 518 K/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2015 jo. Putusan Nomor 43 PK/Pdt.Sus-HKI/2017)

PT. ISM and FIFA signed a license agreement on 5 May 2011, relating to the assignment of certain media rights incurred in connection with the XX edition of the football tournament and other FIFA events. Based on this exclusivity, no other party (including but not limited to broadcasters), has the right to (but is not limited to) socializing, marketing and monitoring the license to use the 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast commercially in commercial places. However, there are parties, namely PT. MHIS which is suspected of committing acts without rights, broadcasting or broadcasting or holding activities to watch the 2014 Brazil World Cup together commercially and does not have a license permit from PT. ISM. As a result of the 2014 Brazil World Cup broadcast by PT. MHIS the PT. ISM feels disadvantaged both materially and immaterially. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the perpetrators of copyright infringement can be categorized as acts against the law and how the legal protection of copyright license holders for unlawful acts of copyright infringement. This research is a normative legal research using qualitative analysis. This study concludes that PT. MHIS has committed unlawful acts in the form of Copyright infringement and legal protection for Copyright license holders by taking legal action in the form of a lawsuit to the Commercial Court and asking for compensation for unlawful acts committed by PT. MHIS.

77m LTD v ORDNANCE SURVEY LTD

H1 Database right – Infringement – Mapping – Geospatial coordinates – Address matching – Licensing agreements – Sub-licensing – Breach of contract – Construction – Scope of rights granted – Subsistence of database right – Verification of existing data – Extraction – Consultation – Re-utilisation – Defences – Authorised extraction – Time and place shifting – Information dissemination – Estoppel by representation – Inducing breach of contract – Justification

Enabling smaller independent publishers to participate in Open Access transformative arrangements

See RECORDING. Independent Society Publishers and Academic Publishers would like to enable Open Access transformative agreements, but find it difficult to do this at scale, especially when each library consortia requires different licence agreements, data and workflows. This project is to create shared principles, a model licence, a data template and minimum workflows, so that small publishers, libraries and library consortia can then use them to more easily conclude Open Access agreements.

ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals

ProQuest Historical Newspapers: Leftist Newspapers and Periodicals is a source for leftist publications (mostly newspapers), largely published in the twentieth century. Here, the user can access articles in PDF format from 156 national and international publications. Navigating this database and the documents therein can be easily done, but articles cannot be magnified or reduced, which may prove problematic with PDFs of old newspapers. Database content can be found through browsing or by using a basic and/or advanced search. The browse and basic search options here are understandable, but the advanced search is not self-explanatory and can possibly confuse the user. As a consequence, a new user of this database will probably benefit from instruction in its use from either the vendor or someone else familiar with this resource. However, when this search function is used properly it can produce numerous, on-point results for any query. The same is true of the basic search and browsing features, though they tend to produce larger lists of results that are less on-point than the advanced search. The vendor did not provide specific price information for this review, only indicating that pricing is determined by an institution's size and number of users. As this provides potential subscribers with very little insight into the cost of acquiring this resource, its advised that they contact ProQuest for a price quote tailored to their own institution. Its licensing agreement is the same as those used for all ProQuest databases and is average in its composition (though somewhat longer than average). The quality and quantity of content in this resource is notable, and it will certainly be of use to those looking for articles from leftist newspapers and periodicals. However, the definition of “leftist” here may be problematic for some users! Communist and Socialist publications are certainly available in this database, but those for Anarchists, Social Democrats, and other leftists are not.

Revolution and Protest Online

Revolution and Protest Online is an Alexander Street resource, which provides documents, images and videos on revolutions and resistance, protest, and social movements from the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries. It can be purchased as a standalone collection with a perpetual access license, or it can be accessed as a Related Collection through a subscription to Global Issues Library, another Alexander Street resource. This database contains original documents and images in PDF format, as well as e-books, monographs, journals, and videos. These are drawn from a variety of national and international sources, and collectively represent several hundred images, almost 200 videos, and nearly 100,000 pages of content.This database is not difficult to navigate, and finding materials there is relatively easy, using either the basic or advanced searches or through browsing. These various search and browse functions can produce useful results, and are easily understandable, though the advanced search is arguably the most flexible and effective (but also the most complex!). Pricing for this database is based on an institution's budget, FTE, and whatever consortia arrangements it and other institutions make with the vendor. As a consequence, its price can vary considerably from one subscriber to another! For a specific price quote, contact Alexander Street. Its licensing agreement is quite average in its length and composition and is apparently the standard one for the vendor. The quality, quantity, and variety of materials in this database is notable. It will certainly be of use to those researching the political, historical, and social aspects of revolution and protest, both in the United States and around the world. However, given its price variability, it may only be of marginal value to institutions with a high purchase/subscription price and a low demand for these kinds of materials.

Corporate Innovation and the Auditor's Assessment of Going Concern

SYNOPSIS In this study, we examine whether external auditors assess corporate innovation activities when considering a financially distressed client's ability to continue as a going concern. Using patent count, patent market value, and patent citation to measure the firm-level innovation output, we document that higher quantity and quality of innovation activities are associated with a lower likelihood of going concern opinions. The association between innovation and going concern opinions is more pronounced for audit offices with high exposure to corporate innovation and clients operating in R&amp;D-intensive industries. In additional analyses, we confirm that innovation is associated with future business value, as measured by future profitability and intellectual property licensing agreements. We conclude that corporate innovation represents a mitigating factor when auditors consider whether a going concern opinion is appropriate for a financially distressed client. Data Availability: All data are available from public databases identified in the paper. JEL Classifications: M41; M42; O32.