Picture Library Research Articles

Automation of follow-up and data analysis of paediatric heart disease in Malta

Widely available computer programs have been used to set up a database for patients with congenital heart disease in Malta. This database is used for clinical follow-up and research, and has been tailored to provide formatted output of specified results of follow-up as tables and graphs that are automatically updated with ongoing changes in the dataset. The system is easy to use, being menu- and icon driven and can be operated with minimal training. It has resulted in great saving of time not only in clinical practice, but also in the production of reports and analysis of data, as spreadsheets need only be created once and are then updated at will. The system also incorporates a patient summary generator and a on-screen picture library for patient explanation and teaching purposes.

Digital images in libraries: an overview

Image collections of various types are maintained by organisations of all sizes, in all sectors. The term ‘picture library’ is commonly used to refer to a commercial operation that sells access to a large archive of photographic images: well‐known examples are Getty Images and Corbis. Collections that are smaller in size but equivalent in function are to be found in private‐ and public‐sector institutions everywhere. These collections may be further categorised on the basis of:

Accessing the visual heritage: metadata construction at the Science & Society Picture Library

The Science & Society Picture Library — responsible for a very large archive of still images drawn from many different collections — is presently confronting the challenge of developing an integrated cataloguing and indexing strategy by which metadata construction can proceed, and which will provide potential users with effective and standardised subject access to the many components of its holdings.

Building a thesaurus for a collection of cartoon drawings

The University of Kent has a large collection of original cartoon drawings that is used as a research resource and is also consulted as a picture library. The collection has been extensively catalogued by subject, but the subject keywords are organised for the original card catalogue rather than the present day online retrieval system. This paper describes a project set up to build a thesaurus based on the 15,000 existing subject terms and then convert the existing cataloguing to the new thesaurus terms. This is a non-trivial project that has been made much easier by the creation of a special-purpose graphical thesaurus editor.

The Archives and Special Collections of the Deutsches Museum in Munich

The Archives, Special Collections and Documentation Department of the Deutsches Museum rank with the biggest and most prominent archives for the history of science and technology in Europe. Its collections go back to the 16th and 17th century, but most of the archival stock dates from the 19th and 20th century. The material comprises autographs, deeds, private papers, archives of companies and scientific institutions, photographic archives and a picture library, the administrative archives of the Deutsches Museum, plans, technical drawings and maps, trade literature, an aerospace documentation department, audio-visual media, collections of portraits, busts and medals, and a collection regarding the history of paper making.

The emotion probe: Studies of motivation and attention.

Emotions are action dispositions--states of vigilant readiness that vary widely in reported affect, physiology, and behavior. They are driven, however, by only 2 opponent motivational systems, appetitive and aversive--subcortical circuits that mediate reactions to primary reinforcers. Using a large emotional picture library, reliable affective psychophysiologies are shown, defined by the judged valence (appetitive/pleasant or aversive/unpleasant) and arousal of picture percepts. Picture-evoked affects also modulate responses to independently presented startle probe stimuli. In other words, they potentiate startle reflexes during unpleasant pictures and inhibit them during pleasant pictures, and both effects are augmented by high picture arousal. Implications are elucidated for research in basic emotions, psychopathology, and theories of orienting and defense. Conclusions highlight both the approach's constraints and promising paths for future study.

An electronic picture data base in plant protection1

To facilitate the use of plant protection pictures stored in many different files and places, a project has started in the Nordic countries to collect digital copies of pictures and distribute them on CD. Kodak's newly introduced Photo CD system will be used together with a uniform way of describing the subject of the pictures. The picture description is then the key to find it in a data base. The aim of the Nordic Picture Library is to select and store digital copies which give a varied view of a plant or a plant disease from different perspectives.

Creative picture research using the Hulton Deutsch CD Collection

Organisations responsible for the maintenance of photographic archives are showing a developing interest in the creation of compact disc digital catalogues. These are perceived as a means of providing a ‘shop window’ to their collections, and a facility whereby their clients can order pictures directly without recourse to request mediation by a picture researcher or librarian. The Hulton Deutsch Collection's pioneering approach to this new dimension in picture library operation is described, with particular reference to those policies on indexing and interface design by which that approach was guided. Brief consideration is given to the extension of such desktop browsing facilities into the arena of high‐resolution electronic image delivery.

Stacked Optical Disk Drive for Multimedia Files

A stacked optical disk drive with multiple optical heads has been developed for large-capacity multimedia files. This drive will be suitable for such applications as a network database through LAN, a picture library Including moving pictures, and an editing machine for broadcast use.

Pictures for Language Learning

A richly illustrated and valuable guide to the role of pictures and other visual materials in language teaching. This book brings together a wealth of ideas on how to use pictures in a wide range of language learning situations. It discusses the contribution visuals can make to all the classroom settings in providing real opportunities for students to communicate, whether they are working as a class, in groups or in pairs. There are then over 200 practical suggestions for picture-generated language work. They make use of visual materials which are readily available to teachers anywhere, or easy-to-copy illustrations. The activities can be integrated into all stages of the language teaching process and advice is given on how to adapt the ideas to suit different teaching environments. The book ends with advice on setting up a picture library, including how to find visuals, how to categorise pictures, and storage methods.

Picture libraries: a survey of the present situation and a look into the future

Picture libraries have been developed to serve a wide range of public and private enthusiasms and needs. Collections of several kinds have evolved to serve different archival, commercial, teaching and private functions. Recent developments include advances in conservation and exploitation, the publication of directories, and the formation of associations of picture libraries. Technological advance may help provide opportunities for greater cooperation and more effective use of existing resources.

5. The Use of General Information in Marketing Decision Making

This is a welcome opportunity to talk about a variety of subjects including, I hope, the Domesday Project. I am now with BBC Television working on the Domesday Project. Previously I was with BBC Data which is the in‐house information service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. I was its marketing manager — opening up the resources to people outside the BBC on a variety of bases, including commercial reference publications, an enquiry service, the Hulton Picture Library and so on. Before this my entire career — 16 years — was with Procter & Gamble Ltd, which is one of the largest multinational companies in the world, making washing powders, consumer products and industrial goods. Thus I think I can claim a reasonable in‐depth history in marketing and marketing management, with some familiarity with the information world.

10 Jahre Graphotek in der Stadtbibliothek Bremen

Although the idea of lending works of art originated in Germany in 1885, the first library to actually do so was that of Newark, U.S.A., through the initiative of John Cotton Dana in 1903-4. Other countries followed suit - Britain before the end of the Second World War, Scandinavia by the late 1950s, and France, where in recent years over 30 picture libraries have been established with state support under Mitterand’s Minister for Culture, Jack Lang.While in East Germany there are over 100 picture libraries lending mainly reproductions, in West Germany there are 61, lending exclusively original works. The Graphotek in Bremen Public Library is the third largest of these, and all citizens over 16 can borrow from its collection of over 2,200 works for eight weeks at a time, choosing either directly or, at any of the six branch libraries, from colour slides and catalogues.The Bremen Graphotek has set out to build up a representative collection of German and international art from all periods, with special emphasis on contemporary art; prints make up the greater part of the collection, and reproductions are excluded. 720 artists are represented; 50% of funding is reserved for Bremen artists. Over 33,000 loans have been made in the Graphotek’s first ten years, with 75%-80% of the collection being out on loan at any given time. There has been a gradual trend towards more borrowing by schools, hospitals, etc.The Graphotek has promoted 88 exhibitions. The last of these, on the occasion of the Graphotek’s 10th anniversary, displayed work by 70 artists illustrative of new directions in art since 1970.The Graphotek also functions as a centre for information on art, artists, art galleries, etc., with reference books and art journals available for consultation.

How to run a picture library for pleasure (and sometimes profit)

Picture libraries exist in many shapes and sizes, within the broad categories of public collections, private and usually specialised collections, and photoagencies. Users of picture libraries range from students to professional picture researchers, though even the latter may need guidance. The picture librarian combines the roles of collectors and custodian while also making the collection available for use. The Mary Evans Picture Library, which comprises some two million prints mounted and filed under subject headings, provides ‘visual documentation of the past’ up to the late 1920s, with an emphasis on social conditions. Cross-references and photographic duplicates (retained for permanent reference) are interfiled with the prints, most of which are available for loan and any of which may be copied. The organisation of the library corresponds to its users’ needs rather than to a rigid system.

A digital video information storage and retrieval system

A concept of general purpose systems which generate, store, retrieve, process and display raster-scan format images is developed. The general purpose nature of such systems allows the handling of static and dynamic images from multiple sources as well as system synthesized images while precluding the use of special function hardware. A particular system implementation is described. The implementationwas accomplished with standard digital computer and video hardware with the exception of one special hybrid subsystem. Most of the equipment belongs to the digital computer class with the only video hardware being a standard broadcast television receiver. The system has application to many areas including computer animation, medicine, computerized picture libraries and the study of the mechanisms of visual perception. Problems and future developments are discussed.This research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Division of Mathematical and Computer Sciences under grant DCR 74-00768A01.

The Sick and Works of Art

The International Review has referred on several occasions to an original work of humanity and which started, as we believe, on the initiative of the British Red Cross. This is a mobile picture library in hospitals, a Service known as the “Picture Library Scheme” and which is widespread in a number of countries. This therapy by art could throughout be seen to have excellent results and be of genuinely beneficial influence for the sick.

Book Reviews : Selected Films for Medical Teaching: A Suggested Basic Motion Picture Library

Book Reviews : Selected Films for Medical Teaching: A Suggested Basic Motion Picture Library

Bee Research Association Picture Library: Supplement No. 5

Bee Research Association Picture Library: Supplement No. 5

Bee Research Association Picture Library Supplement No. 4

Bee Research Association Picture Library Supplement No. 4

Bee Research Association Picture Library Supplement No. 3

Bee Research Association Picture Library Supplement No. 3