Library Items Research Articles

Improve Thermal Performance and comfortable Design of Public Library Located in Middle Eastern Regions Facing Drastic Climate Change

Abstract Public libraries have important functions as information hubs and cultural institutions, drawing a variety of user groups. As user experience, contentment and general productivity are greatly improved by the thermal comfort of interior spaces, libraries are committed to providing suitable temperatures for both human thermal comfort and for preserving books. The standards for the handling and care of library resources established by the International Federation of Library Associations in 1999 specify the need for constant temperature and humidity in the safekeeping of library items. The recommended temperature range for sedentary activities including reading, is 20-22 °C, comfortable for people in cold regions. Hot climates prevalent in Middle Eastern nations, challenges achieving thermal comfort for library visitors. According to ASHRAE Standard 55 (2020), the most comfortable temperature in hot and humid environments is 24°C, +/- 1°C. Three methods were used in this study. First, this study gives an overview of the history of libraries in Middle East regions, and analyses the development of design elements in controlling temperatures and book preservation of this region’s libraries before and after air conditioning. Second, comparative case studies of Qatar National Library and King Fahad Library showcase differing thermal comfort approaches. Third, interviews with the two libraries users and administrators. Interior temperature, design choice and clothing preferences of patrons are examined in relation to thermal comfort in libraries. The results show that public libraries in hot regions often struggle to provide the temperatures needed to give user comfort and preserve books. This study identifies factors and design approaches to improve the thermal comfort and sustainability of Middle Eastern libraries, intersecting quantitative factors (air temperature and flow) with qualitative factors (colour, material finish and architectural and interior design). It exposes tensions between these approaches to book conservation and user comfort, to develop guidelines for effective design strategies in libraries.

Mixed-methods research to support the use of new lymphoma-specific patient-reported symptom measures derived from the EORTC item library

BackgroundNo specific measures exist to assess patient-reported symptoms experienced by individuals with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). This study was conducted to elicit patient-reported CLL/SLL- and MCL-related symptoms and their impact on patients’ lives. The study qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated sets of conceptually-selected EORTC Item Library items for assessing CLL/SLL- and MCL-related symptoms.MethodsThe qualitative component of the research included a literature review, clinician consultations, and patient interviews. Concepts important to patients were identified and coded; cognitive debriefing of the selected library items was completed with patients. CLL/SLL and MCL-related symptoms and impacts were organized in a structured conceptual model, which was mapped to item sets from the Item Library. The quantitative component comprised exploratory macro-level Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis conducted to provide supportive quantitative insight on the item sets.Results41 patients (21-MCL; 20-CLL/SLL) and 5 clinicians participated in the qualitative study; 57 unique patients (30-MCL; 27-CLL/SLL) completed the EORTC items. The conceptual models generated from the qualitative work included symptoms and functional impacts of CLL/SLL and MCL. Symptom domains included swollen lymph nodes, B symptoms, abdominal issues, pain, fatigue, subjective cognitive impairment, anemia-related symptoms, bleeding, infection, and other issues (appetite loss, temperature fluctuation, rash, weight gain, sleep problems, cough). Impacts included physical function, role function, and other functions (psychological, social). Cognitive debriefing demonstrated that the separate item sets for CLL/SLL and MCL-related symptoms were well understood and aligned with patients’ experiences. All selected items were included in the conceptual models. The exploratory RMT analysis showed that the item sets provided adequate coverage of the continuum of CLL/SLL- and MCL-related symptom severity.ConclusionsThis study gathered qualitative and early quantitative evidence supporting use of the EORTC Item Library to assess CLL/SLL- and MCL-related symptoms and impacts. These items are promising candidates for measurement of patient-reported disease symptoms in these populations. A larger sample size will be essential to establish the psychometric properties necessary to support use in clinical trials.Plain English summaryPatients who suffer from rare cancers of the blood, bone marrow, and lymph nodes can experience chronic and debilitating symptoms. At present, however, there are no dedicated instruments for assessing the patient’s experience of symptoms of conditions like chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) or mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), or for assessing their impact on patients’ lives. This research project aimed to address that need. The researchers selected relevant and clinically meaningful symptoms from the EORTC Item Library that assess fatigue, B symptoms, and CLL/SLL- and MCL-specific symptoms. Using patients and clinician interviews as well as quantitative analyses, the research revealed no major concerns with using these item sets to assess symptoms of CLL/SLL and MCL. Interviews with patients demonstrated that the separate item sets for CLL/SLL and MCL-related symptoms were well understood and aligned with patients’ experiences. All selected items were included in the conceptual models. Item sets identified in this study can potentially be used to assess patient-reported symptom endpoints in clinical trial settings in these disease areas.

Effects of libraries in the service of advertising in Mass communication: A scenario

The objective of this study is to find the utilization, reason, significance, and issues looked at by library and data experts in promoting online entertainment through advertising. For this review, state-funded colleges, confidential colleges, and extraordinary libraries were chosen as an exploration test. The discoveries of this paper showed that most libraries use Facebook and LinkedIn for advertising library and data administration. Most libraries utilize virtual entertainment for promoting library items and administrations, sharing library news and occasions, video conferencing, and commercial, and exploration purposes. Library experts likewise gave important ideas and sentiments about approaches to upgrading library administrations through utilizing virtual entertainment. The point of this paper is to investigate the various utilizations of virtual entertainment that can be utilized for advertising library administrations. Web-based entertainment significantly affects data-limited time exercises by getting huge changes in the field of advertising. As of now, most people know about web-based entertainment devices, such as Facebook, MySpace, Whatsapp, Twitter, Online journals, and so forth. Utilizing such sort of Web-based Entertainment device (SMT) library can undoubtedly satisfy clients' need ideal. Through this paper, we can get a framework of how online entertainment may effectively be applied to improve the adequacy of advertising library administrations and items.

Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) Among Patients with Previously Treated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) Receiving Pirtobrutinib: Analysis from the BRUIN Phase 1/2 Study

Background PROs including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and symptom burden can provide helpful information to support benefit-risk assessment of a new treatment. Pirtobrutinib, a highly selective, non-covalent (reversible) Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), inhibits both wildtype and C481-mutant BTK with equal low nM potency, and has favorable oral pharmacology that enables continuous BTK inhibition throughout the dosing interval regardless of intrinsic rate of BTK turnover. Pirtobrutinib recently received regulatory approval in the US for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy, including a covalent BTKi (cBTKi). BRUIN (NCT03740529) is an ongoing, open-label, multi-center phase 1/2 study investigating the safety and efficacy of pirtobrutinib for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including CLL/SLL. This current analysis reports PROs among patients enrolled in the BRUIN study with relapsed or refractory (R/R) CLL/SLL treated with prior cBTKi-containing regimens. Methods Pretreated patients with R/R CLL/SLL in the BRUIN study completed PRO assessments at each clinic visit. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (QLQ-C30) was used to measure physical function (PF) and HRQoL via PF and Global Health Status/QoL subscales. Patient-reported CLL/SLL symptoms and fatigue were assessed using 13 and 6 EORTC Item Library (IL) items, respectively. All subscales are scored 0-100. Higher scores represent better PF and HRQoL; and higher scores represent worse CLL/SLL symptoms and fatigue. Pre-specified clinically meaningful within patient change (MWPC) thresholds of at least 10-point changes in each PRO score were used to categorize patients based on their individual change from Cycle 1 Day 1 (i.e., baseline). Mean changes from baseline and proportions of patients with improved, stable, and worsened PROs from baseline were summarized by treatment cycle. PRO data were presented from Cycle 1 to 24 (a 28-day cycle) since the study median progression-free survival by investigator assessment was 19.6 months. The data cutoff date was 22 July 2022. Results There were 263 patients with CLL/SLL at the time of analysis; median (Quartile 1 and 3) age was 69 (62, 74) years and the majority were male (68%). All patients had received prior cBTKi; 21% received 2 or more prior cBTKi lines and 20% discontinued from their most recent cBTKi treatment due to toxicity. The mean overall completion rate of PRO instruments was 83% at baseline. 76% of all patients in the analysis completed at least one subsequent PRO assessment. Baseline mean (±SD [standard deviation]) score was 80.8 (±19.5) for PF, 61.6 (±23.2) for QoL, 24.8 (±18.4) for CLL/SLL symptoms, and 33.5 (±24.7) for fatigue. The majority of patients reported stable or clinically improved outcomes from baseline at each of the post-baseline visits (through Cycle 24) for PF (proportion of stable/improved ranged from 72.5% to 95.5%), QoL (range 80.4% to 95.0%), CLL/SLL symptoms (range 77.8% to 96.3%), and fatigue (range 77.3% to 89.9%). Conclusion Overall, consistent with the favorable safety profile of pirtobrutinib, HRQoL and symptoms were stable or improved for over 70% of patients with pretreated R/R CLL/SLL throughout the first 24 cycles of pirtobrutinib treatment. These PRO data should be interpreted with caution due to single arm trial design and small numbers of patients available for assessment in later cycles.

SUPERVISI PEMBELAJARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN SEMANGAT MENGAJAR GURU

This journal discusses with the learning supervision in boosting the spirit of teaching teachers. As for the focus on this journal is 1) the concept of learning supervision 2) the concept of teaching teacher 3) the implementation of supervision learning in raising the teacher's spirit. The purpose of this scientific journal is to describe the learning supervision in raising the teacher's spirit. it uses literature analysis methods that make use of library resources to obtain theories and restrict activities to library items and other factual references.

PRO Hair Safe Study: The Patient's Perspective on the Effects of Scalp Cooling on Hair Preservation.

Alopecia has been reported a distressing side-effect of chemotherapy for breast cancer patients (BCP) that is highly relevant for quality of life during treatment. For the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, scalp cooling (SC) has been reported to be an effective and safe intervention. However, data on the patient's perspective on effectiveness and applicability of SC in a clinical routine setting are scarce. In this comparative study, we aimed at a longitudinal assessment of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data on the effect of SC on alopecia and its effect on symptoms and functional health when applied in clinical routine in BCP receiving taxane or anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Study participants were allocated either to the intervention group receiving SC or to the control group based on patient preference (non-randomized study). All patients completed PRO-measures on hair preservation (EORTC Item Library items on hair loss), symptom and functional health measures (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -BR23) and the Body Image Scale (BIS). Outcomes were assessed at chemotherapy start (baseline), mid-chemotherapy, last chemotherapy cycle, 3 months follow-up and 6-9 months follow-up. Overall, we included 113 patients: 75 patients underwent SC (mean age = 51.3 years, 52.7% premenopausal); 38 patients standard care (mean age = 55.6 years, 39.5% premenopausal). A total of 53 patients (70.7%) discontinued SC, with 39 patients (73.5%) stating alopecia as the primary reason. On average, BCP stayed on treatment with the cooling cap for 40.2% of the duration of their chemotherapy (SD 25.3%). In an intention-to-treat analysis, we found no difference between the SC group and the control group with regard to their patient-reported hair loss (p=0.831) across the observation period, overall QOL (p=0.627), emotional functioning (p=0.737), social functioning (p=0.635) and body image (p=0.463) did not differ between groups. We found a high rate of SC-decliners and no beneficial effects of SC for patient-reported hair loss, symptoms and functional health. The efficacy and tolerability of SC applied in a clinical routine setting hence appeared to be limited. The further determination and up-front definition of criteria prognostic for effectiveness of SC may be helpful to identify patient subgroups that may experience a treatment benefit.

Neoadjuvant giredestrant + palbociclib (P) vs. anastrozole (A) + P in postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, untreated early breast cancer (ER+, HER2– eBC): Patient (pt)-reported outcomes (PROs) in the randomized, open-label, international phase II coopERA BC study.

591 Background: Endocrine therapies (ETs) are the therapeutic mainstay for ER+ BC but persistent adverse events (AEs; eg joint pain, especially with aromatase inhibitors) negatively impact quality of life, and resistance impacts efficacy. Giredestrant, a highly potent, nonsteroidal, oral selective ER antagonist and degrader (PO SERD), may help address these issues. coopERA BC (NCT04436744) evaluated giredestrant in eBC and met its primary endpoint, demonstrating a greater reduction of Ki67 with giredestrant vs. A after 2 weeks. Giredestrant was well tolerated as a single agent and with P. We report exploratory PRO analyses. Methods: Pts with cT1c-cT4a-c (≥ 1.5 cm within cT1c) ER+, HER2– untreated eBC and baseline Ki67 score ≥ 5% were randomized 1:1 to 30 mg PO daily (QD) giredestrant or 1 mg PO QD A on days (D)1–14 of a window-of-opportunity phase. A 16-week neoadjuvant phase added 125 mg PO QD P on D1–21 of four 28-D cycles. Presence/frequency/severity/interference of relevant symptomatic AEs were assessed at Cycles 1–4 via NCI PRO-CTCAE library items; overall burden due to AEs, via FACT-G item GP5. Results: PRO completion rates were > 80% at all time points. PRO-CTCAE postbaseline frequency scores were comparable between arms and mostly 0/1 (never/rare; reported for: Diarrhea > 80% of pts; hot flash > 60%; joint pain > 65%; nausea > 90%; vomiting > 90%). No rash was reported by > 90% of pts; fatigue at 0/1 severity (none/mild) by > 75% and at 0/1 interference (none at all/a little bit) by 80%. Hot flash frequency scores of 2–4 (occasionally/frequently/almost constantly) were reported by 30% of pts in the giredestrant + P arm and 37% in the A + P arm; joint pain frequency scores of 2–4, by 25% and 35%. Worst postbaseline scores of 3–4 are shown in the table. FACT-G GP5 showed greater proportions of “improved/no change” responses in the giredestrant + P than the A + P arm at Cycles 2–4 (Cycle 2 75%; Cycle 3 71%; Cycle 4 68% vs. 62%; 66%; 53%), and smaller proportions of “worsened” responses (25%; 29%; 32% vs. 38%; 34%; 47%). Conclusions: This is the first analysis to our knowledge of PROs with a PO SERD in eBC; it showed that most pts reported minimal symptomatic AEs at frequency and severity levels that were generally numerically lower in the giredestrant + P than the A + P arm (particularly joint pain). Furthermore, there were numeric trends towards greater stability and improvement and less worsening of treatment burden in the giredestrant + P arm. Studies to further assess giredestrant’s clinical benefit are ongoing in the adjuvant setting. Clinical trial information: NCT04436744 . [Table: see text]

Assessing access: Surveying user services at library high density storage facilities

Millions of library items are held in storage locations, but how well are libraries providing access to those materials? A survey of North American research libraries was conducted to examine the services that were available at library storage facilities for researchers and students before the global pandemic, during the pandemic, and as libraries adjust and plan for the new normal as the pandemic recedes. In addition, results of previous studies of storage facilities are compared to understand historical trends in access to library materials held in storage. A better understanding of user services as a component of library storage facilities will allow libraries to better serve the needs of scholars and researchers as well as provide insight to those who may be planning future library storage facilities.

Smartphone Application for Support Library Operations in the Internet of Things Era

The library can be referred to as a storage place for books and other references. The reference can be in the form of digital storage media. Libraries if not managed properly will cause chaos in the library organization. Many books were lost due to the entry and exit of books that were out of control. Currently, the library is not only a place to store books but can be maximized by managing and adding other digital devices. The use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) in libraries adds sophistication to the management of books and library items. In addition, currently many libraries have taken advantage of Internet of Things Technology, by adding various sensors and integrating with cloud-based storage devices. It provides a service that makes it easy for library members to find and track the current whereabouts of books. This research does not only create a library by providing hardware in the form of sensors to be installed in the library. This paper also proposes the use of smartphones as an alternative in replacing sensor hardware. This study uses a QR Code sensor to match the book you are looking for and simulates dancing a book in blocks and bookcases. with augmented reality. The purpose of this research is to make a smart library prototype to make it easier for library members to find books or other references. The results of the experiment to find books and DVDs that have been carried out achieve an accuracy of 83.33%.

Digitization Techniques Most Commonly Used for Promoting the Conservation of Library Collections

This paper delves into what digitization is, why it's useful, and how library materials may be digitized. As examples, we looked at the "cognitive flexibility," "relational," and "non-verbal immediacy" theories. It also covers the planning and policy implications of common problems faced throughout digitalization. Documents and works of art are digitized when they are transformed into digital pictures. By "digital images," we mean digital reproductions of paper documents. The term "digitization" refers to the process of transforming paper documents into digital files. The primary goals of digitization are to increase accessibility and improve longevity of library holdings. The process of digitizing library items presents a variety of obstacles. Human and technological difficulties are involved, with repercussions for strategy and policymaking. Due to the aforementioned issues and the necessity to become digital, i.e. offer online services, it was determined that digitization is an important role in contemporary libraries.

Development of the Concept of Cyber Notary in Common Law and Civil Law Systems

This paper aims to identify the development of the cyber notary concept in the common law and civil law legal systems. This study uses a normative juridical approach. The type of data used in this paper is secondary data. This secondary data was acquired through document studies that were carried out by exploring libraries and the internet to find different library items, including textbooks, thesis/dissertation journal articles, and other library materials. Additionally, the notion of a cyber notary, which emerged from the Common Law System's legacy, has been extensively used in reality. Indonesia, a contemporary nation that belongs to this tradition of nations that follow the Civil Law System, is no exception. The rule of law and developments beyond the law are inextricably linked.

Linking the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Item Library to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events.

The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Item Library is an interactive online platform currently composed of 950 unique items (questions) derived from 67 patient-reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires. PROs complement clinician adverse event (AE) reporting classifications like the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). This work aims to create a standardized framework using the CTCAE to systematically classify symptomatic AEs from the EORTC Item Library through linking individual items to corresponding AEs. The EORTC Item Library items were searched for within the CTCAE (v5.0) and linked to an AE if they were described within the AE's title, description, or grading. Symptoms described in EORTC items but not located in the CTCAE were coded as missing symptoms. Other nonsymptom EORTC items, not described within the CTCAE were assigned a non-CTCAE descriptive classification. Further descriptive codes (eg, multiple issues) were allocated to enable descriptive analysis. Two raters independently coded 26.2% (n = 249) of the items. The remaining 701 items were coded by one rater and verified by the second, followed by discussion with two additional raters to reach consensus. Overall, 625 (65.8%) EORTC items were linked to 208 different AEs. Three hundred sixty-nine items provide information about non-CTCAE cancer-related issues and were categorized into seven descriptive classifications, including body image; emotional impact of a symptom, diagnosis, or treatment; global health and quality of life; and impact on life and daily activities. Inter-rater agreement for independent coding was 79.1%. Bowel urgency and tenesmus were identified as missing symptoms in CTCAEv5.0. The EORTC Item Library provides considerable coverage of CTCAE toxicities, along with other complementary issues important to patients with cancer. Using the CTCAE clinical framework to classify symptomatic PRO items may facilitate PRO selection and use in clinical trials and routine care.

An online Sexual Health and Rehabilitation eClinic (TrueNTH SHAReClinic) for prostate cancer patients: a feasibility study.

PurposeThe primary objective was to determine the feasibility of implementing the TrueNTH SHAReClinic as a pan-Canadian sexual health and rehabilitation intervention for patients treated for localized prostate cancer.MethodsThe feasibility study was designed to evaluate the accessibility and acceptability of the intervention. Participants from five institutions across Canada were enrolled to attend one pre-treatment and five follow-up online clinic visits over 1 year following their prostate cancer (PC) treatment.ResultsSixty-five patients were enrolled in the intervention. Website analytics revealed that 71% completed the intervention in its entirety, including the educational modules, with an additional 10% completing more than half of the intervention. Five thousand eighty-three views of the educational modules were made along with 654 views of the health library items. Over 1500 messages were exchanged between participants and their sexual health coaches. At 12 months, the intervention received an overall average participant rating of 4.1 out of 5 on a single item satisfaction measure.ConclusionResults support the TrueNTH SHAReClinic as highly acceptable to participants as defined by intervention adherence and engagement. The TrueNTH SHAReClinic demonstrated promise for being a feasible and potentially resource-efficient approach to effectively improving the sexual well-being of patients after PC treatment.

Influence of Disinfectants on Natural Textile Fibres

Abstract Textiles are frequently used in bookbinding or for attaching pendent seals and thus they are an integral part of archival and library items. Any part of these items can be contaminated by various microorganisms. Consequently, it is often necessary to include disinfection procedures in the initial stages of the conservation process. Primarily, the agents employed in conservation must not harm the treated material. This work was concerned with monitoring the effect of selected disinfectant agents (ethylene oxide, Septonex®, glutaraldehyde, Bacillol® AF, butanol vapours, Acticide® MV, silver nanoparticles, Chiroseptol®) on the properties and long-term stability of natural textile fibres (cotton and silk). The disinfected textiles were subjected to three kinds of artificial ageing (dry heat, moist heat, and light) and their properties were determined by means of the total colour difference, thread tensile strength and the limiting viscosity number.

Rękopisy Dönhoffów z Drogoszy w Prusach Wschodnich przechowywane w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Toruniu

The University Library in Toruń was founded in 1945, along with the Nicolaus Copernicus University. In quite a short time, namely in the years 1945-1949, it gathered a large library collection of about 600 000 volumes of books, journals and special collection items. Thanks to Maria Strutyńska’s research, it is known that the Toruń collection of old prints gathered 418 library items in 844 volumes which were actually found in the palace library in Drogosze. These prints mainly include 18th century writings in French. This article analyses the manuscripts found in the Drogosze palace that are currently being held at the University Library in Toruń. It is a group of 16 in-ventory items in 24 volumes. One text regards the military and was written by Friedrich von Dönhoff (1639–1696), father of Bogusław Friedrich von Dönhoff, the builder of the Drogosze palace. All other items mainly consist of correspondence and journals of two generations of the Dönhoff family and one generation of the Stolberg-Wer-nigerode family.

First-year Student Essays Shed Light on their Experience of ACRL Framework Threshold Concepts

A Review of:
 Dempsey, P. R., & Jagman, H. (2016). I felt like such a freshman: First-year students crossing the library threshold. portal: Libraries and the Academy, 16(1), 89-107. https:doi.org/10.1353/pla.2016.0011
 Abstract
 Objective – To synthesize student narratives on searching for an item in the library and to identify information literacy threshold concepts students encountered during their searching.
 Design – Constant comparative analysis.
 Setting – Academic library at an urban American university.
 Subjects – A sample of 97 1-to-2 page ungraded first year student essays.
 Methods – A library assignment was developed for first year students in a required academic skills course. Students wrote the essay for peer mentors. After completing the essay, students were asked if they wanted to participate in the study. For the assignment, students were asked to find a library item of interest and write a reflective essay on the process. Essays were analyzed using NVIVO software. The researchers developed codes independently, then came together to review, discuss and recode the essays. Using the constant comparison method, themes were identified from the coding. Narrative analysis was used to understand the coding in the context of the students’ experiences. 
 Main Results – The authors outlined various search paths that the students described in their essays. The main emotional responses in the essays were surprise, confusion, and excitement. Three ACRL Framework IL concepts were identified in the analysis: Scholarship as Conversation, Searching as Strategic Exploration, and Research as Inquiry. Scholarship as a Conversation was exemplified through students’ selection of a library item. Students chose topics that were of academic interest or associated with personal identity. In the essays, students explained their connection to the item they found, making the connection to the ongoing scholarly conversation. Searching as Strategic Exploration was expressed through student descriptions of connecting the call number to the subject classifications. Some students sailed through, whereas others encountered challenges. Some found that previous library mental models failed, found the catalogue overwhelming, or thought the organization of material was at fault rather than their own skills. Some students described how they overcame their challenges. Students also discussed balancing self-reliance and seeking help when searching for an item. This related to the ACRL frames of Research as Inquiry and Searching as Strategic Exploration. Attitudes on seeking help ranged from complete reliance to anxiety.
 Conclusion – This library assignment offered students the opportunity to pursue their own interests and goals. It also encouraged exploration, problem-solving, and reflection. The assignment design allowed students to grapple with information literacy threshold concepts in a safe and independent environment, demonstrating learning and engagement with academia.

Rola książki historycznej w kształtowaniu tożsamości narodowej w XIX wieku w świetle domowych księgozbiorów inteligencji, ziemiaństwa i duchowieństwa Królestwa Polskiego


 Celem artykułu jest ukazanie miejsca i roli książek historycznych w kształtowaniu tożsamości narodowej, w świetle domowych księgozbiorów ziemiaństwa, inteligencji i duchowieństwa w Królestwie Polskim w XIX w. Analiza piśmiennictwa oraz wykorzystanie źródeł archiwalnych pozwoliły na ustalenie skali obecności książki historycznej w domach ówczesnej warstwy „oświeconej”, dały też wgląd w tematykę gromadzonego piśmiennictwa. Jak dowodzą badania, książki historyczne poświęcone dziejom ojczystym stanowiły stałą pozycję w domowych bibliotekach. Przede wszystkim, obok podręcznikowych opracowań, gromadzono monografie poświęcone dziejom politycznym, historiom władców, wodzów i niekiedy gloryfikujące biografie narodowych bohaterów. Równie ważną rolę odgrywały książki prezentujące w przystępnej formule dziedzictwo kulturowe, tradycję i kreujące poczucie narodowej identyfikacji, szczególnie istotne w okresie utraty państwowości.

The Cataloging of Self-Published Items

This article presents the results of a 2015 survey of librarians who catalog self-published items. The survey was conducted in response to the growing popularity of self-publishing and the increasing prevalence of self-published items in libraries. Survey respondents were asked to describe how they are cataloging these items and to provide representative examples of the records they have created. An analysis of both the survey responses and the records is presented, followed by suggestions for best practices for cataloging these items.

The Loyalty of West Point’s Graduates Debated

The principle of loyalty – and its unseemly brother, treason – was at the center of the debate about the coming war leading up to and following the firing of the guns at Fort Sumter. As William Blair points out in his 2014 book With Malice toward Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era, accusations of treason were ubiquitous in northern newspapers during the war, despite the narrow definition of the crime specified by the US Constitution. Blair argues that popular accusations of “treasonous behavior” were wielded indiscriminately during the period, beyond and sometimes in seeming opposition to an American legal tradition that sought to curtail perceived abuses of Britain’s use of “constructive” treason to “punish people who had committed no actual crime beyond expressing disloyalty.” Faced with war and beset by strife, Americans discarded theory for the more mundane practicalities of determining loyalty of brother, friend, and classmate. Concerns of loyalty were of paramount importance within the military, and were perhaps most fraught with regards to the Army’s officer corps educated at West Point. Debates regarding the motivations of generals such as Robert E. Lee might invoke tension between state and national allegiances, but such philosophical abstractions were not foremost in the minds of most of those at West Point, or those who considered whether to trust the institution’s graduates. As demonstrated by two items in LSU Libraries’ Special Collections, loyalty was the preoccupation of statisticians and schoolboys alike.

Albert Einstein Library: From Princeton to Jerusalem

This article, based on both historical and content analysis of Albert Einstein’s private library, presents a comprehensive picture of the Einstein Collection that was located at his home in Princeton, now housed at The Albert Einstein Archives at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His private library consisted of approximately 2,400 titles, including not only books but also a small collection of journals, musical scores and records. Staff members of the Archive succeeded in adding additional books, including works by Einstein himself and ones about him in various languages. These amounted to approximately 1,500 titles. Most of the books in Einstein’s library related to subjects other than physics. Many authors presented copies of their books to Einstein. Those books, usually with autographs or dedications by the authors, dealt with various fields of knowledge – philosophy, literature, religions, Jewish culture, etc. Content analysis of Einstein’s personal library reveals scientific, political, and social connections of the scientist. This article includes information about the main institutions involved in conveying the library to Jerusalem and in organizing it. These were the American Friends of The Hebrew University in New York, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, and the Jewish National and University Library (today The National Library of Israel). The primary sources for the research on which this article is based are 1) material from The Albert Einstein Archives at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2) Inventory Books of the National Library of Israel, 3) <i>Kiryat Sefer</i>, bibliographical quarterly of the Jewish National and University Library, 4) Einstein’s reprint collection at The Weizmann Institute of Science. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) From the Einstein private library items were given as gifts both during his lifetime and after his death; 2) a large proportion of the books that Einstein gave to the National Library of Israel were registered in the Inventory Books of the National Library of Israel before the transfer of his complete library to Jerusalem; 3) Einstein's personal library includes books that actually belonged to other members of his family. For example, there are books, like those that belonged to his secretary Helen Dukas and to his stepdaughter Margot Einstein, that contain either the signature of the former owner or autograph/dedication by the author of the book. The article’s references to the contemporary Israeli press about Einstein’s visit to Israel elucidate Einstein’s role in the founding of The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.