London Library Research Articles

HF02-02 THOMAS ROWLANDSON AND THE ENGLISH PENII

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022HF02-02 THOMAS ROWLANDSON AND THE ENGLISH PENII Michael Moran Michael MoranMichael Moran More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002540.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Thomas Rowlandson (1756-1827) was one of England’s most recognizable caricaturists and is little appreciated in medicine. He is overshadowed perhaps historically by his rival William Hogarth (1697-1764) but he has a certain appeal to urology in his numerous depictions of British penii. The word penii is a British slang humorous reference to multiple penises. There exist multiple compendia of Rowlandson's artworks, commentaries and even a short biography. Almost none of his works though are quoted by medical historians. METHODS: A review of the literature of all aspects of the works of Thomas Rowlandson with special attention to his more obscure sexual images. We also paid significant attention to his depiction of medicine and surgery as well as anatomy of his time. The Wellcome Library in London as well as the British Museum also provided invaluable assistance in finding many more esoteric works by Rowlandson. RESULTS: Caricature is a satirical artform widely utilized since the Renaissance as a reflection upon the mores of society, in this instance, the Georgian era of England. Since this artform is a cross between art and humor they reflect intently some of the foibles and humorous thoughts of the times in which they were created and printed. There are always two sides to the caricature- the caricaturist and the subject. CONCLUSIONS: Rowlandson was a prolific Georgian artist whose life stretched across the loss of the American colonies by England, the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon. He was singularly recognized in his own time by his “topical caricatures” and was collected by the Royal Family. He appears to have been fascinated by English sexual practice and portrayed the British penis avidly and often and deserves a resurrection of sorts, especially in sexual medicine and urology. Source of Funding: None © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e206 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Michael Moran More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Digitizing and cataloging a corporate annual reports collection: a Canadian perspective

Corporate annual reports provide a snapshot of a company’s operations and financial status. Reviewing and comparing years of annual reports can provide a rich history of knowledge on a corporation. Preserving, storing, and digitizing Canadian annual reports has been a mission of the C.B. “Bud” Johnston Library in London, Ontario, Canada. In late 2019 when Western Libraries migrated to a new library services platform, Alma, there was a new opportunity to catalog and provide access to the digitized annual reports collection. This article describes a decade long plan to digitize the print collection by library staff and a subsequent project to provide online access to the digitized content. Included is a discussion of cataloging methods, staffing, training, inventory control, and hosting solutions.

اسبابِ بغاوتِ ہند: نسخۂ برٹش لائبریری لندن کے متن کی تدوین

Abstract
 Sir Syed’s An Essay on the Causes of the Indian Revolt did lose its very raison d’etre just before it went into press because the British Crown had taken the government of India in her own hands from the East India Company (EIC). The pamphlet chiefly concerns itself with the rule of EIC in Hindustan, and this was rolled back before it got published. It has not, however, gone unnoticed eversince for carrying many significant features and is very often referred to in historical as well as literary discussions. Author of this article got its facsimile copy from British Library London, edited its text, prepared critical edition and published it with as many as 26 annexures that are vital for understanding this text and the worldview of the Revolt of 1857. By going deep into the lexis, the author posits that only this pamphlet is not sufficient for understanding Sir Syed’s actual stance since he wrote it in Urdu, and that too, only for the concerned officers of the then government. Sir Syed managed to get this pamphlet rendered into English after 15 years which, as the author holds, is necessary for this understanding.
 Since the original text of this pamphlet was never available to researchers, all previous compilations are therefore based on the copy that was produced by the scribe who worked on the 1st edition of Hayat e Javed (1901). This compilation, ie, edition 2021, thus provides the most authentic text of this revered pamphlet of the colonial India.
 Key words: Indian Revolt 1857, Text, Correction of text, Victoria Proclamation, Martial Race, Bengal Lancers, Christianization, Religious Card, National Humiliation, Fasting & Prayer Day

The Francis Skaryna Library as Experienced by a Long-Time User

Abstract This article presents a personal view of the Francis Skaryna Library and Museum in London from its early days to the present, reflecting its ups and downs, as well as some of its affiliations like the Anglo-Belarusian Society and the Association of Belarusians in Great Britain, and in later years fruitful connections with the British Library and the National Library of Belarus. It concentrates on a few of the many interesting and distinguished people who have been associated with the Francis Skaryna Library and Museum over the years, including clerics, prominent and younger writers from Britain and abroad, not least Belarus, numerous scholars and many other enthusiasts for a small country with its books (old and new), journals, manuscripts, music and many artefacts. By common consent, it is an unmatched source of primary and secondary materials for research, as well as a beacon of stability and culture in the West during the period since World War II that has been so turbulent in Belarus itself.

Gondomar and the Stage: Diego Sarmiento de Acuña and the Lost Theatrical Connection

Abstract Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, first Count of Gondomar (1567–1626), was twice appointed by the King of Spain to the delicate embassy in the court of James I in London, where he played a decisive role in Anglo-Spanish relations in the aftermath of the treaty of peace between the two monarchies signed in London in 1604. Beyond his uncontested political significance, Gondomar was also Spain’s premier bibliophile. His famous library comprised over 6000 volumes in nine languages, including a surprisingly large collection of plays. His interests in drama as an art form and in the theatre as a profession are well attested in his vast correspondence and the sizeable body of documents that have survived. While these interests have been noted, this is the first study that has attempted to analyse this body of evidence in a systematic way to suggest a closer connection to drama and the professional theatre of England and Spain. In particular, this study aims to shed some light on the untraced connections between Gondomar and the English playwrights and actors active in London during his time as ambassador. Gondomar’s library in London contained a number of recent and relatively rare works whose presence in the English metropolis at the right time might help to explain some cases of early adaptation of Spanish contemporary literature to the English drama of the period.

Technology, market change and the privatisation of communications in Britain

PurposeWhat are the trade-offs between public and private ownership in the business and how does this impact industries responsible for providing and offering services on critical national infrastructure? The privatisation of British Telecom (BT), the UK telecommunications provider that was initially part of the British Post Office, is used to explore this question. By broadening the business perspective beyond the political goals and economic consequences of privatisation; this study aims to approach management history provides new perspectives of the benefits and challenges offered by both public and private ownership.Design/methodology/approachTo fulfil its purpose, this paper examines how the UK telecommunications incumbent proactively adapted from being an organisation shaped by its unique position within the public sector, to one embracing the challenges offered by the private sector. The analysis is synthesised by linking an understanding of the customer’s requirements, services and technology with surveys of the secondary literature, supported where applicable by archival material, combining perspectives from authors both within the organisation and external to it. Sources include specialist and more general academic material and contemporary and reflective publications from practising engineers and managers; supplemented by material held at the BT Archives and the Guildhall Library in London. It links the debate on ownership to the evolution of the market under study and provides a balanced view across the business, its market, competition and technology.FindingsThe arguments surrounding public or private ownership, are complex, in particular, it is difficult to separate effects due to liberalisation and privatisation. Whilst the former provided the impetus for beneficial change, the latter reduced the level of detrimental entanglement with government policy and enabled the technology and structural changes that took the market forward.Originality/valueA new and balanced view of the privatisation of BT is taken, with an emphasis on how the company needed to change to thrive in a liberalised market, noting how technological change both required organisational change and enabled it. In contrast to many studies, the emphasis is on what was driving the organisation rather than the policy of privatisation and its effectiveness.

P–485 A systematic analysis of acupuncture for IVF treatment: how should the HFEA traffic light scale for add-ons rate it?

Abstract Study question How should acupuncture be rated on the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority traffic light scheme for IVF add-ons? Summary answer Randomised controlled trials examining the possible effects of acupuncture on IVF success rates are conflicting, and acupuncture should be rated amber. What is known already The use of complementary therapies in assisted reproduction and IVF has become increasingly more commonplace in recent years. Patients seeking to maximise their chances of conception are often interested in purchasing additional treatments (termed ‘add-ons’) to augment their treatment cycle, often at a high price even in the absence of robust underlying evidence. The use of acupuncture is popular due to putative holistic benefits including stress reduction, and the perceived lack of side-effects and minimal invasiveness. The HFEA traffic light system has not yet rated any complementary therapies, even though these are promoted by fertility clinics. Study design, size, duration A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture during IVF treatment was conducted. A literature search for acupuncture studies was conducted on the PubMed database and the University College London (UCL) library database. Search terms used were “acupuncture” paired with “IVF”, “in vitro fertilisation”, “assisted reproduction” and “RCT”. Study quality and variance in treatment protocols were assessed, to understand both any evidence and its quality. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA. Participants/materials, setting, methods The UCL library database yielded 403 individual search results and PubMed database yielded 47. Papers were screened and sorted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion: publication in English, in an English-language journal; RCT; intervention administered during IVF; either pregnancy rate (PR), ongoing/clinical PR or live birth rate (LBR) reported. Exclusion: reviews; not in English; not RCT; above outcomes not reported. Main results and the role of chance After final screening, a total of 34 acupuncture RCTs were included in the review and meta-analysis. The sample sizes of the studies analysed ranged from 44 to 809 (median 162). Only a minority of studies (18%, 6/34) involved blinding of both assessor and participant, while foregoing incorporation of blinding into study design was most common (44%, 15/34 studies). There was little consistency regarding the timing of acupuncture treatment during the IVF protocol across RCTs. A total of 21/34 studies (62%) had a protocol involving acupuncture administration before and after the embryo transfer procedure on the day of transfer. The number of needle insertions during the treatment protocols ranged from 5–13 (mean 8.7). Manual acupuncture only was performed in 8/34 (24%) of studies and 26/34 (76%) utilised electrical stimulation of at least some of the acupuncture needles. Out of 34 RCTs, only 10/34 studies (29%) reported LBR. The meta-analysis included all identified RCTs. The most clinically relevant outcome measure reported in each study found a slight benefit of acupuncture for overall IVF success (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13–1.65) however the effect was diluted when only comparing studies reporting LBR (OR 1.14 ,95% CI 0.81–1.61). Limitations, reasons for caution Methodological heterogeneity of acupuncture RCTs in IVF (needling location, stimulation, retention time, repetition and timing) complicates data pooling. Underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of action are still being clarified and may help delineate optimal regimens, potentially tailored to individual causes of infertility. Treatment safety and potential for worse outcomes must be considered. Wider implications of the findings: Complementary therapies are a popular add-on for IVF treatment but assessing them from a robust biomedical perspective is challenging due to issues with study design (including controls), study quality and general attitudes. For acupuncture, future research should arguably focus on biomedical perspectives and shift away from Traditional Chinese Medicine philosophies. Trial registration number Not applicable

„Wylewy w pustkę”. Korespondencja Stanisława Vincenza z Kazimierzem Wierzyńskim w perspektywie intymistycznej

The main purpose of the article is to show the specificity of Stanisław Vincenz’s epistolary art from the perspective of intimism. The author introduces the nature of editorial work, presents the role of correspondence in the life of the author of Połonina, and outlines the numerous thematic areas of his letters. The commentary is also a kind of introduction to the correspondence of Stanisław Vincenz and Kazimierz Wierzyński, which spanned the years 1954–1956. The editorial treatment of the letters was based on photocopies from the Polish Library in London and the Stanisław Vincenz Archive at the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław.

‘Probatum est’. The Medical Recipes in London, Wellcome Library, MS 3009

Recipe books are frequently encountered in Early Modern English scientific writing. They are of paramount importance to understand medical practice in the period and they usually gather collections of culinary and/or medical recipes. The present paper investigates the medical recipes contained in MS Wellcome 3009 (ff. 17r–90r), a 17th-century recipe book housed at the Wellcome Library in London. The medical recipes are analyzed in terms of their structural and linguistic features and, in this sense, five different stages are distinguished within the recipes: a) title; b) ingredients; c) preparation; d) application; and e) efficacy phrase.

Text mining Mill: Computationally detecting influence in the writings of John Stuart Mill from library records

AbstractHow can computational methods illuminate the relationship between a leading intellectual, and their lifetime library membership? We report here on an international collaboration that explored the interrelation between the reading record and the publications of the British philosopher and economist John Stuart Mill, focusing on his relationship with the London Library, an independent lending library of which Mill was a member for 32 years. Building on detailed archival research of the London Library’s lending and book donation records, a digital library of texts borrowed, and publications produced was assembled, which enabled natural language processing approaches to detect textual reuse and similarity, establishing the relationship between Mill and the Library. Text mining the books Mill borrowed and donated against his published outputs demonstrates that the collections of the London Library influenced his thought, transferred into his published oeuvre, and featured in his role as political commentator and public moralist. We reconceive archival library issue registers as data for triangulating against the growing body of digitized historical texts and the output of leading intellectual figures. We acknowledge, however, that this approach is dependent on the resources and permissions to transcribe extant library registers, and on access to previously digitized sources. Related copyright and privacy restrictions mean our approach is most likely to succeed for other leading eighteenth- and nineteenth-century figures.

The Concept of Social Inclusion in Community Libraries in London

The Concept of Social Inclusion in Community Libraries in London

Metode Dakyah Kristian di Pulau Pinang Pada Abad ke-19: Kajian Terhadap Karya-Karya Terpilih Thomas Beighton (1790-1844)

The British settlement in Penang in the 1790s had led to the introduction of Christianity from various sects, mainly Protestant which consisted of multiple missionary societies. Amongst the most active was the London Missionary Society (LMS). However, the research conducted on LMS especially among the local researchers is minimal due to the lack of sources which are only available in certain libraries in London. Therefore, this study aims to introduce 10 works of Thomas Beighton (1790–1844) which were written in Malay Jawi. These sources highlighted the importance of this language as an element of Malay identity in Penang. Hence, textual analysis, classification and comparison methods employed by using ATLAS.ti were done to identify the preaching methods that are often used in these works. The results indicated that there were three main methods; highlighting of the similarities between Islam and Christianity, the misrepresentation of the image of Islam and the Malays, and promoting of Western ethics and Christianity as a solution in life. However, the Beighton’s mission failed when the LMS Malay Missionary Station in the region had to be closed down and consequently, they turned their attention to China in 1843.

Fashioning the future: Shane Godbolt's leadership of the NHS regional library and information service in North Thames and London 1992-2003.

This paper reviews Shane Godbolt's work as the National Health Service (NHS) Regional Librarian in North Thames and London between 1992 and 2003. It was a challenging time for both the NHS and the world of health care librarianship, and this article describes how the opportunities presented by continual organisational change and new ways of working were fully grasped by Shane and her colleagues to move library and information services forward in the capital, working in partnership with NHS partners and Higher Education - and laying the foundations for today's NHS library and knowledge service.

Punctuation Practice in Early Modern English Scientific Writing: The Case of MS 3009 at the Wellcome Library, London

The study of punctuation has traditionally been overlooked by some scholars for being considered haphazard and unpredictable. In medieval manuscripts, every scribe was free to use their own repertory of symbols. However, the establishment of the printing press along with the proliferation of professional scriveners resulted in a process of standardization of the system in such a way that by the end of the 16th century a repertory of punctuation symbols was fully developed (Salmon 1999: 15; Calle-Martín 2019: 179-200). The present study seeks to examine the punctuation system of a 17th-century recipe book housed in the Wellcome Library in London, MS Wellcome 3009. This paper has therefore been conceived with a twofold objective: a) to assess the inventory of punctuation marks in the text; and b) to analyze the use and pragmatic functions of these symbols.

“That Hart May Sing in Corde:” Defense of Church Music in the Psalm Paraphrases of Matthew Parker

Translation of sacred texts is always a dangerous act. In the sixteenth century, translators of the Bible into vernacular languages faced persecution and even execution for their perceived heresy. Nevertheless, when Archbishop of Canterbury Matthew Parker (1504-1575) published his poetic paraphrases of the biblical psalms, for which Thomas Tallis wrote the corresponding psalm tunes, Parker joined a growing number of scholars and clerics risking the translation of scripture under the aegis of the Protestant Reformation. In his paraphrases Parker carefully negotiated between strict translation and poetic interpretation of the text, particularly in regards to musical themes. I argue that in his psalm paraphrases, Parker advanced a musico-theological justification for the inclusion of music in liturgy during an era when vocal polyphony and instrumental music in sacred settings fomented the suspicion of many proto-Puritan Protestant reformers. Comparison of the printed 1567 text with Parker’s original manuscript held at the Inner Temple Library in London reveals that Parker often chose explicitly musical terms in his paraphrases of the psalms. In doing so, he provided foundational justification for establishing a central role for music in Anglican liturgy, harnessing all the tools of his humanist training and the power of his position to advance his conviction that music, far from distracting congregants, enriched and uplifted them spiritually. Drawing on recent scholarship on the genre of metrical psalmody, I demonstrate how Parker’s art of paraphrase facilitated his multifaceted defense of church music in the face of increasingly hostile factions within the English Protestant Church.

Archiwa Biblioteki Polskiej POSK w Londynie jako źródła do badań biograficznych

In her article, Dobrosława Platt presents the archives of the POSK Polish Library in London as a source of biographical research. Biographies, i.e. detailed descriptions of the lives of specific figures, have, in her opinion, been particularly popular with readers for a very long time. Even when they were not as yet linked with any genre, and the biographies of famous figures were supposed to serve only as certain patterns of behaviour, readers would eagerly listen to or rewrite “the lives of famous men” for their own libraries. Frequently, they were not a reliable reflection of a given person’s life as such, but rather a desire to create a model to follow. The researcher also states that after the Second World War many outstanding writers, poets and publicists appeared in Great Britain and continued to create there, publishing their works in exile. It seems that many of them are still on the margins of Polish literature, although they do not deserve it, and creating their biographies would perhaps allow to re–evaluate their work.

Everyday Multiculturalism in the Public Library: Taking Knitting Together Seriously

This article brings recent discussions of everyday multiculturalism into a context which has had little sociological attention – the public library. Focusing on a south London library’s newly established knitting group, made up of predominantly older women from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds, I show how the library’s framing of multiculturalism, limited to either celebratory occasions or targeted interventions for vulnerable groups, was unable to recognise the knitting group as an everyday multicultural space. Using an ethnographic approach which ‘takes seriously’ the ordinariness of knitting together, I show how the library setting provided the group with a reliable foundation, and attend closely to how, for its participants, the group became a space of multicultural recognition. I argue that the public library has capacity to anchor vital spaces of everyday multicultural conviviality which are not curated as special projects, and that the ordinary positioning of these spaces is integral to their formation.

Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum in London, a centre for Belarusian studies in Great Britain

Francis Skaryna Belarusian Library and Museum in London, a centre for Belarusian studies in Great Britain The article focuses on the Francis Skorina Library and Museum in London, the largest Belarusian subject collection outside Belarus and at the same time the center of Belarusian studies in Great Britain. The main steps of the formation of the collection are considered along with its detailed description.

Jest Pan dla nas „Kazimierzem Wielkim”. Kilka przyczynkarskich uwag o listach Janiny i Wacława Kościałkowskich do Kazimierza Wierzyńskiego

The article discusses several still unpublished letters from Janina and Waclaw Kościalkowski to Kazimierz Wierzynski, which have been found in the archives of the Polish Library in London. The article not only presents artistic and intellectual profiles of both the authors and the addressee, but also provides the analysis of the letters’ content and language. Thus, describes the archives as a supplemental yet important information on Janina Kościalkowska’s oeuvre.

Early Manuscripts of Quran (Through Data of Hijazi Calligraphy and Archaeological Evidence)

This research tackled the manuscripts of the early Quran (through the data of Hijazi calligraphy and archaeological evidence), reviewing the spelling phenomena that characterized Quran writing in close relation to the reality of Arabic writing. It also attempted to enlist the characteristics of calligraphy in early Quran copies as influenced by Nabataean script or what might be called early Arabic calligraphy (Hijazi calligraphy), comparing it with early Arabic inscriptions. Moreover, the study identified the relationship between the spelling system used in writing early Quran copies and the one used in early Arabic inscriptions, and attempted to conceive ways of identifying and dating the early Quran manuscripts preserved in regional and international libraries.The study is mainly based on five copies of the Quran manuscripts preserved in international libraries and book houses; namely: The Quran manuscript preserved in Berlin National Library (Berlin Quran), the Quran preserved in Birmingham University Library (Birmingham Quran), Tubingen University Library Quran (Tubingen Quran), the Quran preserved in the National Library in Paris (Paris Quran), and the Quran preserved in the British Library in London (London Quran).This is in addition to a collection of stone inscriptions and early dated papyrus received.The identification of the origin of Arabic calligraphy is significant for researchers of ancient Arabic inscriptions and of the Quran, whether in terms of the manuscripts or the drawings and other related sciences. Such identifications also enables identifying the characteristics of this calligraphy, especially the early ones with which the first Quran was written to explain those sciences and others, and to resolve the debate on the origin of the calligraphy with which the Quran in the era of the Prophet peace be upon him was written and copied in the era of the Caliphs, may Allah be pleased with them all. There are many trends and theories in determining the origin of the Hijazi Arabic calligraphy with which the Quran was written. A researcher of early dated Arabic inscriptions can easily identify a well-established writing system that writers followed, no matter how well that system resulted in conformity between what is written and what is pronounced.The study concluded with a set of findings and recommendations, the most important of which are:- The study proved that the early Quran copies received (samples of study) were copied and written in soft Hijazi calligraphy.- The study and the models of Quran manuscripts used proved the authenticity of the Holy Quran, despite the claims of Orientalists and skeptics.- The study revealed that most of the tithing marks were later on added in the early Quran manuscripts after their copying.- The study proved that among the main criteria that assist in dating the Quran manuscripts, especially the early ones, are their technical standards, as well as the linguistic standards in comparison with the cultural heritage, and then the radioactive carbon (C14) examination. تناول هذا البحث مخطوطات المصاحف المبکرة (من خلال معطيات الخط الحجازي والشواهد الأثرية)، واستعرضت الظواهر الإملائية التي تميز بها رسم المصحف على نحو أکثر صلة بواقع الکتابة العربية، کما حاولت حصر سمات خطوط المصاحف المبکرة المتأثرة بالکتابة النبطية أو ما يمکن أن نطلق عليه الخط العربي المبکر (الخط الحجازي)، ومقارنتها بمثيلاتها بالنقوش العربية المبکرة، وأوضحت تلک العلاقة بين النظام الإملائي المستعمل في رسم المصاحف المبکرة، والنظام الإملائي المستخدم في النقوش العربية المبکرة، وحاولت الدراسة وضع تصور لطرق تعيين وتأريخ المخطوطات المصحفية المبکرة المحفوظة في المکتبات الاقليمية والدولية.