Library Archives Research Articles

Pornography and Indian miniature painting: the case of Avadh, India

ABSTRACTThis article investigates miniature paintings produced in Avadh, India, during the reign of the nawabs of Avadh (r. 1722–1856) that have been consequently labelled as pornography. My case studies include Avadhi miniature paintings that have been installed and categorized as pornography and/or as obscenity starting in the nineteenth century and into the present day. British colonial administrators first applied the label of obscenity to these paintings when they began to taxonomize and donate their collections to museums in the 1800s. In the British Library, for example, painting albums such as Richard Johnson’s Album J.42 were sequestered alongside other material that might provoke sexual arousal. Curators later marked this album for destruction in 1830. When the word pornography started gaining wider currency in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, these paintings moved from the parameters of obscenity into pornography. Rather than focusing entirely on the censorship practices undertaken in museums and archival libraries with regard to these paintings, this article builds on recent scholarship that interrogates the use of the languages of colonialism and race in the formation of the category of pornography.

Genome-wide exploration of Escherichia coli genes to promote Chlorella vulgaris growth

Microalgal interactions with bacteria are ubiquitous, and are crucial for algal survival. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanisms underpinning the bacterial interactions and their beneficial consequences are unclear. In the current study, we studied the interactions of the model microalga Chlorella vulgaris with a model prokaryote Escherichia coli. We employed a complete set of E. coli K-12 ORF archive (ASKA) library overexpressing a complete set of E. coli K-12 open reading frames to identify the target bacterial genes whose products enhance C. vulgaris growth. During three successive screening rounds, 32 genes were selected whose overexpression resulted in >1.4-fold increase in algal chlorophyll a content. Four genes ribA, ribD, ribE and ssuE that exerted a growth-promoting effect on C. vulgaris were finally identified. These genes were involved in the bacterial riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, which was validated by determining the riboflavin content in the four selected E. coli clones and confirmed by the analysis of the growth-promoting effect of synthetic riboflavin on C. vulgaris. Collectively, these observations revealed a new bacterial determinant involved in microalgae growth promotion. The genome-wide high-throughput screening system provided insight into the long-term adaptation of C. vulgaris to bacterial interactions.

Junkfood Activism: How Stepford Became Shorthand for a Certain Kind of Woman

Junkfood Activism:How Stepford Became Shorthand for a Certain Kind of Woman Britt Tisdale (bio) On Ira Levin's. The Stepford Wives (Random House, 1972). Stepford /ˈstɛpˌfəd/adjective (informal, derogatory) 1 blandly conformist and submissive: aStepford employeenoun 2 Stepford wife, a married woman whosubmits to her husband's will and ispreoccupied by domestic concernsand her own personal appearance. The year was 1972. Nixon was president; Watergate was scandalizing; the Olympics were held in Sapporo, Japan, and Munich, Germany, where eleven Israeli athletes were taken hostage and killed. The Godfather and Clockwork Orange headlined theatre marquees, and the playlist—by then, the cool kids had abandoned 8-tracks for cassette tapes—glittered with ABBA and Ziggy Stardust. That year, The National Book Award skewed grotesque to Flannery O'Connor's The Complete Short Stories with E.L. Doctorow's The Book of Daniel among the finalists. Children's literature welcomed Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator which I wouldn't love until years later. In October of '72, the "New and Novel" column of The New York Times devoted exactly two paragraphs to American novelist and playwright Ira Levin, best known for jump-starting the horror genre with A Kiss Before Dying and Rosemary's Baby. [End Page 201] Adjacent to a glowing ad for the Doctorow book, The Times called The Stepford Wives "a little ambush of Women's Lib, life and the pursuit of happiness," in a catch-all column for books deemed worthy of mention, but not a stand-alone. On other "Best Of" lists, Wives was nowhere to be seen. In the forty years following, however, Stepford entered the English lexicon, and spawned two major motion pictures plus three television sequels including Revenge of the Stepford Wives, The Stepford Children, and The Stepford Husbands. A short novella by today's standards and a blip on the radar at its release, how did The Stepford Wives become an enduring cultural touchstone? The novel endures in our national consciousness not due to its artistic merit, but because it captures the zeitgeist, providing useful shorthand to a culture as much—some would say, more—in fear of corruption and subjugation today as it was in 1972, functioning exactly as Levin intended. My tattered first edition copy cost me $2 at a library book sale. The yellowing jacket shows rows of disembodied wife heads, their bouffant hairdos tinged pastel. Protagonist Joanna Eberhart's floating head is smack in the middle, her expression the 1970s version of, wtf? Levin's black-and-white author photo peers menacingly from the back cover, his face half-hidden in shadow. The front flap copy is prescient. It is one of those rare novels whose very title may well become part of our vocabulary. For, after reading it, you will never forget Stepford and the horror it contains; and there is a certain kind of woman who, from now on, will be known as a Stepford Wife. The novel is a satirical thriller following photographer and feminist Joanna Eberhart as she moves with husband Walter and their two young children from New York City to idyllic Stepford, Connecticut (based on Wilton, Conn., where Levin lived in the 1960s). Joanna is increasingly disturbed by Stepford's zombie-Barbie-like housewives, as well as the influential Men's Association helmed by ex-Disney animatronics engineer—think: Hall of Presidents—"Diz" Coba. Fearing the women of Stepford are being poisoned or brainwashed, Joanna digs into the library's archives in hopes of solving the mystery. Turns out, the housewives were former professionals and activists leading the now defunct Stepford Women's Club and League of Women Voters. When even her independent friend Bobbie turns robot-June-Cleaver, Joanna has had enough. The quintessential Final Girl of the horror genre, she attempts escape. The story ends with a butcher knife wielded by Bobbie, and Joanna's implied robo-wife conversion; afterward, she glides through the grocery store—Nicole Kidman is hair-raising in the second film adaptation—"looking terrific in a tightly belted pale blue coat." She insists, "Housework's enough for me. I used to feel I had...

The ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellowship: first-hand perceptions of photo archives in London art libraries

In the spring of 2017 I was fortunate enough to receive the ARIAH-RIHA Professional Exchange Fellowship that allowed me to travel to London and conduct research there for a month. While in London I looked closely at the collections, services, and clientele of several important art libraries in London but the main focus of my investigation was the photo archive collections that make up a part of many of these art libraries. The photo archives in my own institution at the Yale Center for British Art and our efforts toward digitisation, discovery, and open access made my close examination of similar collections in London particularly relevant – I wished to see how these libraries approached similar challenges and if these institutions share a common understanding of photo archives.

The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku by Donald Keene

Reviewed by: The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku by Donald Keene Sarah Frederick (bio) The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku. By Donald Keene. Columbia University Press, 2016. 288 pages. $35.00, cloth; $34.99, E-book. Based on detailed readings of the diaries of writer Ishikawa Takuboku (1886–1912), Donald Keene's new book covers the span of Takuboku's troubled adult life, cut short as it was by tuberculosis when Takuboku was only 26. Through the lens of these diaries and related correspondence, readers gain a strong sense of the personality of this writer and a fascinating glimpse into the literary culture of late Meiji-period Japan. Especially richly depicted is what life may have been like for an individual and his family trying to live off poetry and fiction in the first decade of the twentieth century during the rise of modern publishing. As the title suggests, this is a biography of Takuboku, but it is equally an account of Takuboku's diaries and a further extension of Keene's ongoing interest in Japanese diaries.1 While some corroborating information from acquaintances and other scholars appears here, the shape of information emerges from the diaries themselves. They were held first by his friend, linguist and poet Kindaichi Kyōsuke (1882–1971), and then for many years by Takuboku's widow, Ishikawa (Horiai) Setsuko. Since quite personal comments were made about both of them, the diaries were in danger of being destroyed; fortunately, however, these writings eventually made their way to a library archive in Hokkaido and into Takuboku's collected works, where Keene could turn his attention to them and produce this fascinating book. Some readers will have encountered Takuboku in English, first through the selection from Rōmaji nikki in Keene's own Modern Japanese Literature: An Anthology, if not also the fuller translation by Sanford Goldstein and Seishi Shinoda of Rōmaji nikki and the posthumous tanka collection Kanashiki gangu.2 Because of its status, I should clarify that Keene's biography is based on Takuboku's full set of diaries, spanning 1902 to his death [End Page 153] in 1912, of which the roman script diary was only a short section from the spring of 1909. While the roman script diary is not his focus, Keene's broader readings of Takuboku's diaries as a whole shed insight on Takuboku's thinking behind the Rōmaji nikki. For example, Keene notes Takuboku's buying a copy of Oscar Wilde's Art and Morality in February 1909 and argues that it "may have given him the courage to describe behavior that, though considered immoral by society, might be fashioned by the poet into a work of artistry" (p. 139). Such a book was too expensive for Takuboku to keep for very long in the face of his many debts; it was purchased with an unexpected gift of cash sent by a geisha, Koyakko, whom he had abandoned in Kushiro, a relationship detailed in an early chapter of Keene's book. Just a few months after this purchase, Takuboku begins the romanization of his diary in earnest. Keene shows us also that Takuboku's explanation for the choice in script is that he does not want his wife Setsuko to be able to read it easily. Keene recognizes that she surely would have been able to decipher it if she truly wished, but like other readers of the day would be slowed considerably by the unfamiliar script. As is well known, this section of Takuboku's diaries stands on its own and details rather explicitly relationships with prostitutes. These are told less as the accounts of pleasure and adventure that one might see in Edo-style pleasure quarter diaries, but rather depict depression about his disappointment in relationships and life.3 Here too, Takuboku details his dismay of his own attempts at prose fiction, even though, ironically, the roman diary stands, as Keene puts it, as "one masterpiece of prose" (p. 152). Throughout Keene's account, we see an ornery and flawed character who suffered a fair degree of personal misfortune. At the same time as he was beginning to publish...

Studies of Physical Factors on Rare Collection Damage in Public Library and Regional Archives Malang

Studies of Physical Factors on Rare Collection Damage in Public Library and Regional Archives Malang

Women Composers at the White House: The National League of American Pen Women and Phyllis Fergus's Advocacy for Women in American Music

AbstractWomen composers' concerts, arranged by Phyllis Fergus, were held for Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House in 1934 and 1936. They featured music by members of the National League of American Pen Women—an organization for writers, artists, and composers—and were part of a substantial agenda proposed by Fergus, its music director and later president, to achieve national recognition for its composer members. Drawing on Fergus's scrapbooks and documentation in the FDR Library and Pen Women's archives, this article explores the events that Fergus helped to organize, including concerts in Miami, Chautauqua, and Chicago, the latter played by members of the Women's Symphony Orchestra. White House appearances by Amy Beach helped emphasize the League's professional status, and the nationalistic tone of its publicity, urging audiences to “Buy American” during the Depression, worked to distract from age-old assertions of women's lack of creativity. However, the musicales for Roosevelt, who received the composers socially rather than as paid professionals, reinforced women's domestic position, and financial restraints limited most League programming to the genres typically associated with female composers. Despite its separation from a male mainstream, the NLAPW was nonetheless a significant force in promoting women's music in the 1930s.

Archives in Libraries

Archives in Libraries

Intermittent conditioning of library archives: Microclimate analysis and energy impact

Libraries and archives house a majority of cultural heritage objects. The main purpose of libraries and archives is to provide suitable indoor climate conditions for preservation of their collection. In general, a large bulk of hygroscopic material is present which aids stable indoor climate conditions. Limited disturbances due to visitor presence occur in repositories and excludes to a large extent thermal comfort requirements. Library archives show potential of more tolerant setpoint control with permissible fluctuations. Little research is present into dynamic setpoint control and intermittent conditioning in libraries and archives. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility for intermittent conditioning and dynamic setpoint control on the energy impact and microclimate behavior in a library case study in The Netherlands. By means of a hygrothermal monitoring campaign from August 2016 to August 2017 the current indoor climate has been assessed under regular conditions and intervention periods (summer and winter) where the air handling unit was turned off. Both temporal and spatial measurements provided important information on microclimate behavior of the investigated repositories. A validated multi-zone model was used to investigate multiple setpoint strategies. Results show the potential of intermittent conditioning depending on whether dynamic setpoint conditions are used during operational hours (e.g. ASHRAE climate classes). If static conditions are applied, energy demand increases significantly, however, under dynamic setpoint control significant energy savings are possible. The lifetime multiplier is used to assess the chemical risks. The majority of investigated setpoint strategies show increased chemical risk.

Writing for CBC Wartime Radio Drama: John Weinzweig, Socialism, and the Twelve-Tone Dilemma

Radio drama was a quintessential source of entertainment for Canadian audiences during the Second World War, and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) used the art form to distribute propaganda and garner support for the Canadian war effort. Similarly, CBC radio drama became an essential artistic outlet for artists and composers to articulate their political beliefs to a national audience. This article frames Canadian composer John Weinzweig’s works for the CBC radio drama series New Homes for Old (1941) within the socio-political climate of the 1930s and 1940s and suggests that radio drama provided Weinzweig with a national soapbox for his radical socialist ideals during a time of political upheaval. My research draws on archival materials from Library and Archives Canada, the CBC Music Library Archives, and Concordia’s Centre for Broadcasting and Journalism Studies to build upon the biographical work of Elaine Keillor and Brian Cherney. I establish Weinzweig’s socialist ties and argue that his political leanings prompted him to simplify his serial language in favour of a simplified modernist aesthetic, which appealed to Canada’s conservative wartime audiences. This study of Weinzweig’s radio works reveals how the composer desired to make serial compositions accessible and palatable, and shows how he incorporated vernacular idioms such as folk songs and national anthems as foils to the elitist European serial aesthetic. In doing so, I show how Weinzweig uses a powerful and pervasive medium to promote his unique compositional style and also to reflect the cultural, political, and aesthetic ideals of leftist socialism.

The Lady of Lijiang

Elise Scharten (1876–1965) was a pioneering Dutch missionary who translated texts into and out of the language of the Naxi people, a Chinese minority group living in the Himalayan foothills of Yunnan province. She was the first to translate the Naxi creation story into English, and the only translator of a western text into Naxi. Her legacy has, however, been overshadowed by the achievements of more prominent Naxiologists. Today, Scharten is almost completely unknown. Nevertheless, Scharten’s unique contribution to the transmission of cultural knowledge between westerners and the Naxi has been preserved in museum and library archives. From these sources we can build a clear picture of her importance to the study of this unique people.

“We Are Not Bound by Traditions”: Women's Collections at Virginia Commonwealth University Special Collections and Archives

Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Libraries Special Collections and Archives has focused its manuscript collecting around women's collections since the department's inception in 1975. By happenstance, VCU's predecessor institutions, the Medical College of Virginia (1838) and the Richmond Professional Institute (1917), had accumulated research materials through their traditionally female-oriented courses of study, such as nursing and social work. Capitalizing on the rising popularity of women's history and the subject strengths found in its institutional archives, VCU began acquiring the papers of local women and the records of historically female organizations during the late 1970s and 1980s. This collection focus aligned with the urban, community-centered mission of the university and set VCU apart from other libraries and cultural institutions in central Virginia. The collecting area was expanded a decade later to include voices that were missing from the materials. Today, the collections are broad based and intersectional with wide-ranging representations of women.

A correction to the identity of ‘Mrs Furnivall’ in Harvard’s Houghton Library Archives

A correction to the identity of ‘Mrs Furnivall’ in Harvard’s Houghton Library Archives

Book Review: Creating a Local History Archive at Your Public Library

Faye Phillips, a well-known consultant and author of the 1995 manual Local History Collections in Libraries (Libraries Unlimited), coalesces her expertise into this readable primer on starting an archive in a public library. This text represents a welcome addition to the growing number of books and articles focused on archives in public libraries published since 2010, when the Public Library Archives/Special Collections Section of the Society of American Archivists was formed.

Od sporu do księgozbioru, czyli o posekularyzacyjnej genezie i rozwoju idei gromadzenia literatury fachowej w dawnym Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu Staatsarchiv Breslau do 1945 roku

OD SPORU DO KSIĘGOZBIORU, CZYLI O POSEKULARYZACYJNEJ GENEZIE I ROZWOJU IDEI GROMADZENIA LITERATURY FACHOWEJ W DAWNYM ARCHIWUM PAŃSTWOWYM WE WROCŁAWIU STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU DO 1945 ROKUTrudności w utworzeniu biblioteki archiwalnej w pierwszych latach istnienia Archiwum na skutek sporów między archiwistą J.G.G. Büschingiem a dyrektorem Centralnej Biblioteki Śląskiej J.G. Schneiderem. Pierwsze nabytki biblioteczne. Działalność Wilhelma Wattenbacha. Nabytki, organizacja i pomieszczenia biblioteki archiwalnej do 1945 roku.FROM A DISPUTE TO A BOOK COLLECTION, I.E. ON THE POST-SECULARISATION ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE IDEA OF COLLECTING THE SPECIALIST LITERATURE IN THE FORMER STATE ARCHIVES IN WROCŁAW STAATSARCHIV BRESLAU UNTIL 1945Specialist literature collected from the first few decades of the existence of the State Archives in Wrocław was a form of specialist aid, with time becoming a collection complementing archive materials. The idea to compile the first independent collection emerged from a conflict between the first archivist, Johann Gustav Gottlieb Büsching and the director, from 1812, of the Central Silesian Library, located in the same building on the Sand Island, Johann Gottlob Schneider, an advocate of abolishing the existing privilege of free access of archivists to the library. The process of amassing archive literature was developed on a broader scale after Schneider’s death in 1822. Among the first publications acquired by the director of the then Royal Silesian Provincial Archives later State Archives, Gustav Adolf Harald Stenzel, were Johann Sinapius’ Schlesische Curiositäten and Friedrich Vater’s Repertorium der preussischen schlesischen Verfassung. Another source for obtaining specialist literature was regular donations from the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Considerablesupport for the creation of a typical archive library came from the director, from 1852, of thePrussian State Archives, Karl Wilhelm von Lancizolle, author of the first guidelines on collecting archive specialist literature. Soon another director of the Wrocław institution, Wilhelm Wattenbach, compiled a separate catalogue of acquisitions for the library collection. Eventually, the book collection of the former Staatsarchiv Breslau grew to about 30,000 volumes and contained all the most significant Silesian-themed works from the past. This made the Wrocław archive library ranked sixth among the forty libraries functioning in German state archives. However, the collection was lost when the Archives building in Tiergartenstrasse 13 was destroyed in 1945. Efforts to organise again specialist, Polish State Archives in Wrocław from scratch were undertaken already in the first few years after the second world war and have continued to this day.

A Declaração Universal sobre os Arquivos (DUA): uma reflexão de sua representação social

Este estudio tiene como objetivo elucidar la representatividad social de la Declaración Universal de los Archivos (DUA) en el ámbito de la inteligencia colectiva y de las habilidades requeridas en el proceso de aprendizaje y comprensión de los usuarios y del público en general. La Declaración establece un nuevo enfoque para la preservación del patrimonio documental y la protección de la memoria individual y colectiva, socializando la conciencia de la responsabilidad de todos en la salvaguarda del proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Este es un estudio descriptivo que utiliza un método de investigación bibliográfica y documental, y realiza un análisis de la UDA, su historia e impacto en el proceso de construcción el compromiso de todos en la percepción de la importancia de la preservación de los archivos, las bibliotecas y los museos. La UDA colabora en el desarrollo de la concientización de los ciudadanos para la necesidad de formar profesionales en habilidades de información y convertirse en agentes de memoria y facilitadores del acceso a la información archivada. El estudio concluye con recomendaciones para inclusión de los temas de la UDA en los currículos de los cursos de Biblioteconomía y Archivística, asegurando así que sus principios sean comprendidos y experimentados en la práctica profesional, mientras que sirve para construir la identidad social y el conocimiento.

C11] オープンソースを使用した市町村立図書館におけるデジタルアーカイブ構築 低コストで主体的なシステム開発の可能性

C11] オープンソースを使用した市町村立図書館におけるデジタルアーカイブ構築 低コストで主体的なシステム開発の可能性

Pemanfaatan Sistem Informasi Terhadap Kinerja Pelayanan, Sirkulasi Buku Dan Pengolahan Arsip

Research conducted at the Office of Archives and Library of Padang Pariaman Regency aims to find out the data processing system library and data archiving. All data processing is done is still very manual by using the document in writing and there is also a stacking of archives on the service. By utilizing library information systems and archives that will be applied to the Office of Archives and Library of Padang Pariaman Regency can improve the quality of service that has not been optimal. This research was made by using System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is better known as waterfall method. The first step taken on this method is to go directly to the field by conducting interviews and discussions. This information system will be able to assist the work of officers in terms of data processing libraries and facilitate in search data archives by presenting reports more accurate, effective and efficient.

Accessible, Dynamic Web Content Using Instagram

This is a case study in dynamic content creation using Instagram’s API. An embedded feed of the Mansfield Library Archives and Special Collections’ most recent Instagram posts was created for their website’s home page. The process to harness Instagram’s API highlighted competing interests: web services’ desire to most efficiently manage content, Archives staff’s investment in the latest social media trends, and everyone’s institutional commitment to accessibility.

Current Bibliography

Current Bibliography Kelli A. Larson [The current bibliography aspires to include all serious contributions to Hemingway scholarship. Given the substantial quantity of significant critical work appearing on Hemingway's life and writings annually, inconsequential items from the popular press have been omitted to facilitate the distinction of important developments and trends in the field. Annotations for articles appearing in The Hemingway Review have been omitted due to the immediate availability of abstracts introducing each issue. Kelli Larson welcomes your assistance in keeping this feature current. Please send reprints, clippings, and photocopies of articles, as well as notices of new books, directly to Larson at the University of St. Thomas, 333 JRC, 2115 Summit Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55105-1096. E-Mail: KaLarson1@stthomas.edu.] Kelli A. Larson University of St. Thomas BOOKS Bean, Kendra and Anthony Uzarowski. Ava: A Life in Movies. Philadelphia, PA: Running P, 2017. [Biography of Ava Gardner with scattered references to her friendship with EH. Comments on her roles in the film productions of "The Killers," "The Snows of Kilimanjaro," and SAR.] Google Scholar Paul, Steve. Hemingway at Eighteen: The Pivotal Year That Launched an American Legend. Chicago, IL: Chicago Review P, 2018. [Detailed biography chronicling the events, experiences, and people of this formative year in the young writer's life. Paul covers EH's six month stint as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star, later service in the Red Cross ambulance division in Italy during WWI, and subsequent wounding. Paul, a former Star re-porter and editor, explores the influence of EH's newspaper apprenticeship on his developing vision as an author and identifies un-bylined EH articles based on an examination of style and content. Includes over twenty black-and-white photographs along with endnotes, index, and bibliography. Reprints three Star articles. Draws on existing biographies, correspondence, John F. Kennedy Library archives, and other sources.] [End Page 165] Google Scholar ESSAYS Anderson, Eric Gary and Melanie Benson Taylor. "The Landscape of Disaster: Hemingway, Porter, and the Soundings of Indigenous Silence." Texas Studies in Literature and Language 59.3 (Fall 2017): 319-52. [Comparison study identifying EH as a southern writer despite critical reluctance to envision him as such. Examines how each author submerges personal wounding and cultural trauma in their writings about place, specifically focusing on the intersection of Indians and modernism. Concludes that EH's experiments with "indigeneity," though sometimes demonstrating settler colonial impulses, also acknowledge the presence of Indians through their decipherable silence. Discusses EH's "Indian Camp," "Ten Indians," "Big Two-Hearted River," "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber," THHN, and Porter's "Pale Horse, Pale Rider," among others.] Google Scholar Araki, Hirohiko. "Learn Storytelling from Hemingway." Manga in Theory and Practice: The Craft of Creating Manga. Trans. Nathan A. Collins. San Francisco, VIZ Media, 2017. 106-08. [Guide for aspiring authors. Araki illustrates the writing principle of "show, don't tell" through a brief examination of the criminals' dialogue in "The Killers."] Google Scholar Bass, Eleanor. "Ernest Hemingway and Agnes von Kurowsky." Yours Always: Letters of Longing. London: Icon Books, 2017. 102-07. [Briefly sums up the familiar circumstances surrounding EH's affair with Red Cross nurse Agnes von Kurowsky. Reprints both von Kurowsky's "Dear John" letter and EH's letter to friend Bill Horne detailing his painful response to their breakup.] Google Scholar Cirino, Mark and Amanda Kay Oaks. "Wise Blood: Menstruation, Fertility, and the 'Disappointment' in Hemingway's Across the River and into the Trees." The Hemingway Review 37.1 (Fall 2017): 55-66. Google Scholar Crews, Michael Lynn. "Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)." Books Are Made Out of Books: A Guide to Cormac McCarthy's Literary Influences. Austin, TX: U of Texas P, 2017. 263. [Comments on McCarthy's reference to EH's hawk metaphor in MF in his unpublished screenplay Whales and Men.] Google Scholar Dandeles, Gregory M. "You Give Them Money, They Give You a Stuffed Dog: Modernism and Survival in The Sun Also Rises." Great War Modernism: Artistic Response in the Context of War, 1914-1918. Ed. Nanette Norris. Lanhan, MD: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 2016. 133-43. [Reading the novel's treatment of trauma through the lens of Nietzsche's The...