Manuscript Library Research Articles

Tourism marketing collections at Duke University's David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library

The David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, housed on Duke University’s campus in Durham, NC, boasts holdings of 350,000 rare books and thousands of manuscript collections.1 The history...

A Tale of Two Mobiles

The Doy Leale McCall Rare Book and Manuscript Library recently hosted a photograph exhibit in conjunction with the fiftieth anniversary of the Federal Depository of the University of South Alabama’s Marx Library. Government Documents created a display featuring various types of government documents. To complement their exhibit, Kristina Polizzi and Deborah Blakey co-designed an exhibit around the use of government sponsored photographs of historic buildings in Mobile, Alabama, created by the Historic American Buildings Survey and Mobile Historic Development Commission. The exhibit focused on buildings constructed in the nineteenth century. It was housed on the third floor of the Marx Library in the McCall Library exhibit cases along the main corridor leading to the archives.

Review: International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF); Gallica; e-codices: Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland

Book Review| August 01 2018 Review: International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF); Gallica; e-codices: Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF). Directed by the IIIF Consortium of more than forty member institutions worldwide; Glen Robson, Technical Coordinator. URL: http://iiif.io/Gallica. Laurence Engel, Director. URL: http://gallica.bnf.fr/accueil/?mode=desktope-codices: Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland. Christoph Flüeler, Project Director. URL: http://www.e-codices.unifr.ch/en Sarah Ann Long Sarah Ann Long SARAH ANN LONG is Assistant Professor of Musicology at Michigan State University. She is a former president of the International Medieval Society, Paris, and served as an editor for Volume 1 of Antiphonaria: A Catalogue of Notated Office Manuscripts Preserved in Flanders (c. 1100–c. 1800) (Brepols, 2015). She is finishing a book entitled Salva nos, Domine: Music and Confraternity Devotions in Late Medieval France. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the American Musicological Society (2018) 71 (2): 561–572. https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2018.71.2.561 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Sarah Ann Long; Review: International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF); Gallica; e-codices: Virtual Manuscript Library of Switzerland. Journal of the American Musicological Society 1 August 2018; 71 (2): 561–572. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/jams.2018.71.2.561 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the American Musicological Society Search In June 2015 a consortium of forty research institutions in Europe and the Americas came together for a large-scale digital humanities initiative to make their precious collections of books, archival materials, and images more widely available to the public. This group of libraries, museums, and universities created the International Image Interoperability Framework (IIIF). IIIF is an application programming interface that makes it easier for Artstor, Europeana, and other large aggregators to access and deliver images that are digitized by members of the consortium, such as the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF), the British Library, and many others.1 The IIIF initiative is a step toward revolutionizing the way scholars and the general public gain access to manuscripts, early prints, composers’ autographs, works of art, and other examples of artistic production. This review discusses the specifics of IIIF, and how it is used in two national collections that are part of... You do not currently have access to this content.

Field Notes on Syriac Manuscripts I: Two Medical Manuscripts Digitized by the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library

Field Notes on Syriac Manuscripts I: Two Medical Manuscripts Digitized by the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library

On the Character of a “Great Patriot”: A New Essay Ascribed to Bolingbroke

AbstractThis article presents the first addition in recent years to the canon of the British eighteenth-century statesman and political thinker Lord Bolingbroke (1678–1751), a manuscript essay “On the Character of a Great Patriot.” For the first time, this article identifies Bolingbroke as the likely author of this unascribed, undated, and untitled essay in the Senate House Library manuscript collection. Using internal and contextual evidence, the article demonstrates that the “Character” is a description of Bolingbroke's opposition colleague William Pulteney, and that it was written in the final months of 1731, most likely for publication in the opposition journal theCraftsman. The “Character” dates from a period in which Bolingbroke wrote very little, and it is thus a crucial addition to his biography as well as an early exposition of his theory of opposition politics. Moreover, study of the essay shows that Bolingbroke drew extensively on the example of Pulteney when formulating his idea about the necessity of a systematic opposition party, not fully formulated untilOn the Spirit of Patriotism(1736). The “Character” thus sheds further light on the important relationship between political practice and theory in the age of Walpole.

Field Notes on Syriac Manuscripts I: Two Medical Manuscripts Digitized by the Hill Museum & Manuscript Library

This first installment in a series of articles on Syriac manuscripts offers a concise description of two previously unknown manuscripts kept in two small collections in Iraq. Both manuscripts are exclusively of medical content and offer new copies of already known medical works, such as Questions on Medicine for Students by Ḥunain b. Isḥāq and the Syriac Book of Medicines. The two manuscripts are notable not only as new manuscript witnesses but also because they allow us to understand better the manuscript transmission of the texts they contain. Thus, they turn out to be the direct models of two manuscripts of the same content held in European collections (Mingana Syr. 594 and BNF Syr. 425-425).

Akmaluddın Al-Nahjuwanı dan Kıtab Syarḥu al-Isyārāt

In the history of philosophy, Peripatetic has been acknowledged as the most influential philosophy school. Even, in Islamic thought tradition, this Aristotelian school of philosophy has significant influence. Among Masysya’i philosophers, i.e. Peripatetic adherents in Islam, Ibn Sina is the most renowned Islamic philosopher who arduously develops Aristotelian thoughts. He is not only to copy Aristotle, instead inventing new thoughts in philosophy. Al-Isyarat wa al-tanbihat is one of vaunted Ibn Sina’s works. It becomes that last work before his passing away. This book contains the philosophy works he wrote beforehand. In the history of Islamic thought history, especially after 12 th century, this work has significant and strong influence in Moslem philosophers. Nonetheless, many Moslem philosophers, both who support or reject him, commented (Syaraḥ) this book. These comments (syur ū ḥ) are then followed with some annotative elaborations like hasyiyah, ta’liq, muhakamat, etc. While the precious values of this book are beyond question, some commentaries and annotative works remain difficult to get since most of them kept in the form of manuscripts in various large libraries around the world. One of significant and rare manuscripts is that of Syarḥ a l-Isy ā r ā t wa al - T anb ī h ā t written by Akmaluddin A l -Nahjuwani. This writing aims to introduce Akmuluddin al -Nahjuwani in his work titled Syarḥu a l-Isy ā r ā t and analyze its contents in brief. Ibn S ina, T he T radition of Isy ā r ā t wa al -Tanb ī h ā t, Akmaluddin a l -Nahjuwani, Syarḥu al -Isy ā r ā t.

What the flames missed: traces of al-Baʿṭūrī Arabic manuscript library in Jerba, Tunisia

What the flames missed: traces of al-Baʿṭūrī Arabic manuscript library in Jerba, Tunisia

The Virtual Hill Museum & Manuscript Library

Reviewed by: The Virtual Hill Museum & Manuscript Library Sharon L. Silzell The Virtual Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (https://www.vhmml.org/) The Virtual Hill Museum & Manuscript Library (vHMML) is an online resource designed to aid scholars in a variety of areas of manuscript studies. The homepage describes the site as "Online Resources for the Study of Manuscript Cultures," which suggests more than just a clearinghouse of digital images of parchment and paper. While access to high-resolution digitized manuscripts from libraries around the world is certainly the centerpiece of vHMML, the ever-expanding site also provides paleographic information and manuscript metadata, both of which can be approached and used in myriad ways. The homepage invites the user to explore five main sections of the site: The Reading Room, School, Folio, Lexicon, and Reference. The School section is a series of introductory lessons on Paleography and Transcribing Manuscripts. The Paleography "manuscript cultures" include Latin and Syriac with Arabic, Armenian, Ge'ez, and Persian "coming soon." Using folios from digitized manuscripts, the lessons are designed to teach the basics of describing and understanding descriptions of the most common Latin and Syriac scripts and includes the historical contexts and uses for each of the scripts. For example, the Latin paleography lesson notes that Uncial was used in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages for biblical manuscripts. Both the Latin and Syriac paleography lessons provide a good introduction to describing manuscripts. The "Transcribing Manuscripts" section has lessons for transcribing (not transliterating) the same Latin and Syriac scripts included in the Paleography lessons. Each lesson uses digitized manuscript folios with added line numbers and includes an answer key for each page. This is an incredibly valuable resource, especially for new users of manuscripts or those new to Latin or Syriac. Graduate students should take advantage of these lessons before opening their first manuscript. The Folio section is described as "Showing how writing changes over time." This section is better described as a series of annotated folios illustrating a variety of Latin and Syriac scripts. Each folio includes an overview of the manuscript from which it comes, as well as the link to the complete digitized manuscript. The folio also includes a detailed paleographic description and a line-by-line transcription of the page. [End Page 269] The Syriac transcription did not function on my computer and, presumably, requires a Syriac script to be installed. The Folio section of this site would be most valuable to graduate students learning to describe and transcribe Latin and Syriac. The Lexicon and References pages are fairly elementary and include resources helpful to graduate students or others new to manuscript studies. The Lexicon page is a glossary of terms used in manuscript studies. The terms are limited to English and a few Latin phrases. In addition to a short definition, clicking on a term brings up related terms and, in some cases, a bibliography, and the term in other languages. For instance, the link to the term gallnut includes the definition, the related terms, ink and oak gall, the German translation Eisengallustinte, and the citation, Michelle Brown, Understanding Illuminated Manuscripts (Malibu, CA: J. Paul Getty Museum in association with the British Library, c1994). This glossary is Euro-centric in that it does not include English terms used in non-European manuscript studies. One example of this lacuna is the term vocalization which refers to the short vowels in Semitic scripts. Because the vHMML's "manuscript cultures" include Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, I assume a remedy for this omission is in the works. The Reference page is a list of nearly nine hundred monographs, theses, book sections, journal articles, and videos on topics related to manuscript studies. These resources can be sorted by author, title, or date (ranging from 1758 to 2009), and clicking on the listed brief title brings up the full citation, which the user can email. The subtitle of this page is "Searchable bibliographic resources," but, the searchability is limited to title and author, not the content of the resource. A "subject" category would be useful in this section as both a means of searching and sorting. The vHMML also includes a Data...

Reactivating the City: A Situationist-Inspired Map of New York

Reactivating the City:A Situationist-Inspired Map of New York Elin Diamond Melissa Schultheis's situationist-inspired map appears in the print version of my essay "Reactivating the City: Kibeho, Black Lives Matter, and the Situationist Dérive," published in the September 2018 issue of Theatre Journal. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Guy Debord and Asgar Jorn, The Naked City: Illustration de l'hypothèse des plaques tournantes en psychogeographique. (Source: Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, reprinted with the permission of A. Debord and Intertalent.) Fascinated by the potential of aerial photography, especially in mapping how capital was rationalizing urban space in Paris after World War II, Guy Debord and Asgar Jorn offered a deliberately nonrational, resistant optic on the modern city—a psychogeographic view, one that revealed the psychic impact of the city on its pedestrians. The Naked City (1957) (fig. 1) was not their first psychogeographic map, but perhaps their most [End Page E-15] famous one It is, first of all, a détournement, a rerouting or refunctioning of the old and popular Plan de Paris. Debord cut the Plan into nineteen chunks, thereby banishing any trace of an urban grid. Then he connected the map chunks of streets and buildings with swirling red arrows that represent the psychogeographical explorations or dérives undertaken in Paris in the early 1950s. Debord describes the dérive as a "mode of experimental behavior," a "letting-go … of work and leisure activities," in order to "be drawn … by the city's psychogeographical contours … [, its] constant currents, fixed points and vortexes that discourage entry into or exit."1 In effect, the dérive was a performative embodied riposte to what Debord would later call "the spectacle"—the experience of alienation and stunted creativity under late capitalism.2 Rationalist city planning fed the spectacle by separating the spaces of life and work, destroying the liveliness of the street, and making the city safe for shopping and other forms of consumption. The dérive, on the other hand, negated separation. Drifting uncovered—and the red arrows indicated—"psychographical pivotal points" connecting an avenue to an intimate square or to a current of revolutionary energy swirling around an intersection of certain streets.3 My essay suggests that the do-it-yourself dérive, in playful, subtle ways, may yet stir up revolutionary energy, stimulating us to reconnoiter new directions for political expression. Melissa Schultheis, now a graduate student and early modernist in the Department of English at Rutgers University, enjoys dabbling in graphic design and she brilliantly rose to the challenge of connecting the ambiances of the two moments of revolutionary energy that I discuss in my essay: the moment when the actors at a performance of Katori Hall's Our Lady of Kibeho raised their arms in the Black Lives Matter gesture, "hands up/don't shoot," on December 4, 2014, and the moment when a gathering in New York's Union Square ("Moment of Silence," August 14, 2014), commemorating the deaths of unarmed black citizens at the hands of police, erupted in a march up Broadway to Times Square, against traffic and without a permit, which the police were not able or willing (given public scrutiny after the death of Eric Garner on July 17, 2014) to stop with force. New York City gentrification on 42nd Street and Times Square is the setting for these separate but linked performances (fig. 2). In the spirit of situationist irreverence and creativity, Schultheis has détourned not only Debord–Jorn's The Naked City, but also Debord's own détournement, called "Life Continues to Be Free and Easy" (1959), in which he collages pieces of The Naked City with text, postage stamps, and hand-colored figures of soldiers. Schultheis, riffing on both The Naked City and "Life Continues," digitally collages not soldiers, but actors and demonstrators (fig. 3). She shows terminus sites where demonstrators (and theatregoers) arrive, depart, and circulate around the city. With vivid red arrows Schultheis connects people to sites and vortices in an imaginary New York City that celebrates the dérive and beckons viewers to launch their own playful, resistant psychogeographical explorations. [End...

Story Time: Essays on the Betsy Beinecke Shirley Collection of American Children's Literature ed. by Timothy Young

Reviewed by: Story Time: Essays on the Betsy Beinecke Shirley Collection of American Children's Literature ed. by Timothy Young Courtney Weikle-Mills Story Time: Essays on the Betsy Beinecke Shirley Collection of American Children's Literature. Edited by Timothy Young. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016. 280 pp. Paper $30. The subject of this volume, published by the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, is the wealth of American storybooks and manuscript materials for children housed in the library's Betsy Beinecke Shirley [End Page 126] collection. Fitting to its title, the sumptuous book, which features fifteen essays and seventy-one images from published and unpublished children's works, is a truly delightful "story time" in itself. Its pages contain tales of dueling librarians and authors; collaborations between writers not best known for children's literature (namely Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps); immigrants becoming illustrators; and even "wayward animals," llamas who intrude into Karl Marx's famous analysis of Robinson Crusoe via an illustrated adaptation (79). Underneath these stories are implicit ones—about the importance of one dedicated collector, Shirley, and about the thrill of discovery in the archives (this reader would have loved to have been with Jill Campbell when she discovered the source of those llamas!). Unsurprisingly, the pieces, all written by contributors who spent time at the Beinecke, are impeccably researched. Several bring to light unstudied items, demonstrating their connection to key developments in American children's literature. For instance, Elizabeth Frengel suggests that the artist's dummies for Ludwig Bemelmans' Castle No. 9 (1936) display an early use of the concept Maurice Sendak would later call "counterpoint," the technique recognized by scholars as the hallmark of the modern picture book (49). Laura Wasowicz, curator of children's literature at the American Antiquarian Society, mines Shirley's "significant cache of picture book artwork" from the behemoth nineteenth-century publisher, the McLoughlin Brothers, to uncover some of the earliest American illustrators to be credited for their work (173). A running theme in essays by JoAnn Conrad, Pádraic Whyte, and Brian Alderson is the seminal work done by immigrants in the development of American publishing and especially illustration, which, as these scholars point out, built upon the taste of powerful Brooklyn librarian Anne Carroll Moore and Horn Book creator Bertha E. Mahony for fantastical stories. The essays attend to milestones so thoroughly that the collection could be used to support a survey for undergraduates. Essays cover a historical range from Puritan "joyful death stories" (Timothy Young) to classic picture books like Blueberries for Sal (Katie Trumpener) and Mo Willems's satires of modern parenting (Heather Klemann). Martin's essay on Hughes and Bontemps outlines the emergence of modern African American children's literature through the making of one book, Popo and Fifina (1932), with robust attention to context. I can also see the volume being well suited for graduate students, in that it models strong research and writing. Though Young's introduction does not assert a unifying intellectual contribution for the volume, choosing rather to emphasize the productivity of the essays' multiple approaches, the pieces taken together make a compelling statement about how children's literature involves a host of collaborators, including authors, illustrators, publishers, educators, librarians, and, of course, collectors. [End Page 127] The volume also makes an implicit case that children's literature scholarship is, at its best, an interdisciplinary endeavor, including archivists and authors, as well as scholars. Four of the essays are by curators at the Beinecke and elsewhere, and the contributors also include author Gregory Maguire and writer/publisher Patrick Kiley. This implicit endorsement of interdisciplinarity is significant because, as Beverly Lyon Clark (whose essay in this volume traces the illustrations of Louisa May Alcott's Little Women) has argued in Kiddie Lit, children's literature scholarship has sometimes divorced itself from the work of librarians and authors in order to make the case for its objectivity as a field. Yet the interrelationships that shape the world of children's literature are now emerging as an exciting focus of scholarship. Leonard S. Marcus's piece stands out in this regard, outlining how Bank Street educator Lucy Sprague Mitchell, publisher...

Witnesses of History. The Role of India’s Libraries in Preserving the National Cultural Heritage

The article is devoted to the history and current state of scientific study, preservation and publication of Indian manuscripts heritage. Special attention is paid to the activities of the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts and National Mission for Manuscripts on digitization of ancient and medieval monuments of book culture and creation of National digital library of manuscripts of India. The author describes the history of Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library (Patna), which was opened in 1891 thanks to the illustrious Muslim public figure, lawyer and bibliophile Khuda Bakhsh. Currently the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library is one of the leading national research and enlightenment institutions in India, specializing in the history and culture of the Medieval India and Islamic East. The role of library in the implementation of the national program on preservation, study, cataloguing, conservation, restoration and digitization of medieval oriental manuscripts (Arabic, Persian, in Pashto and Urdu) is characterized. There is also emphasized the continuity of India’s current library policy with the views of Khuda Bakhsh about the transformation of book repositories into the centers for the spread of knowledge.

Resource notes

Resource notes: Popular music collections at Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University

SAFETY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF FUNDS OF MANUSCRIPTS AND RARE BOOKS OF THE ACADEMIC LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA

The Academic Library of theUniversityofLatviacontains the largest collection of Latvian literature in the world – the Misins Library and unique rare books and manuscripts (dating back to XIII century). Visitors have access to newspapers, maps, posters, photography and pictures. In order to ensure the long-term accessibility and safety of the materials, that are important for Latvian cultural history, the digitization of the materials was started in 1996. Since 2006 the Academic Library participates in the project Latvian National Digital Library.

PREFACE

I would like to thank the many people who helped in the preparation of this volume. I must thank Dr Patrick Zutshi, Cambridge University Archivist, for his kind permission to edit the volume for publication as well as the staff in the Cambridge University Library Manuscripts Room, Rare Books Room and Official Publications Room, the Seeley History Library at Cambridge, the British Library Manuscripts Room staff, and the staffs of the old Public Record Office at Chancery Lane and the National Archives at Kew. My doctoral supervisor, the late Sir Geoffrey Elton, was a great source of encouragement in plumbing the vast Cecil archives and related state papers, and the administration of the Principal Secretariat. The late Wallace MacCaffrey, a great friend and examiner, was always willing to discuss finer points on Burghley at the tea room of the Library and I miss him very much. The late Patrick Collinson was, in a real sense, the inspiration behind this publication. He saw that the manuscript materials relating to the Cecils’ transfer of power could be better worked through in an edition of these papers than by a traditional monograph. He called the volume the ‘spine’ of the work of father and son.

100 Years of Solitude: A Century of Newspapers in the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library

ABSTRACTIn 1898, the Trinity College Historical Society began collecting the first newspapers that would become the foundation of the Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library's historical print newspaper collection. In recent decades, these newspapers lay underdescribed and largely inaccessible in a Rubenstein alcove. Impending renovation forced action, and in 2012 a three-year, multidepartment project to describe and house the collection was launched. In January 2016, the project successfully concluded, providing for the first time intellectual and physical control of the collection. Four years' worth of circulation data show steady and consistent usage on par with the greater Rubenstein collection.

Seeing the King over the Water, Two Ways

ABSTRACTWhile studies of Jacobite culture have proliferated in recent years, this article is the first to undertake a systematic investigation of the large culture of Jacobite poetry in manuscript. This culture thrived from about 1688 to 1745, after which time it became chiefly antiquarian. The study encompasses at 329 manuscripts in libraries in the US and the UK, and offers two ways to “see” the King over the water, just as recent studies of Jacobitism have suggested that the possibility for double vision was itself a central trope of the culture. Beginning with a series of network graphs of the culture’s poems and manuscripts, I determine the most significant poems in the corpus and confirm those findings with statistical analyses. I then offer a detailed reading of the corpus’s most popular poem, “The Ambodexter”, in order to suggest some of the key characteristics of Jacobite poetry in manuscript as a whole.

ŽEMAITIJOS ŽYDŲ DOKUMENTINIO PAVELDO PRARADIMAI PIRMOJO PASAULINIO KARO METAIS

In 1914, the Samogitian Jews were exposed to the first adverse consequences of World War I. Thus, the town centre of Žemaičių Naumiestis was burnt down; more than 50 local Jewish libraries were destroyed from fire. In 1915, deportations of the Jewish population into the depths of Russia began. More intense activities by the German troops on the borderline re­sulted in huge material and human losses. The period in question was marked by cases of thefts and wilful destruction of Jewish documentary heritage. However, in most cases Jews’ belongings and assets perished in the fire together with their houses that had been set fire to. More signifi­cant losses incurred as a result of military actions were experienced in the spring of 1915 by the Jews living in Paprūsė (Podlesi region), Šiauliai country and the Courland border. During the research, 92 cases of losing the Jewish documentary heritage were established. Relevant data were collected on the essential aspects of preserving and losing documentary heritage in the period of 1914–1918. More in-depth analysis was conducted on the losses of Jewish documen­tary heritage in Gruzdžiai, Jurbarkas, Kelmė, Kuršėnai, Raseiniai, Leckava, Seredžius, Švėkšna, Tirkšliai, Tauragė ir Žemaičių Naumiestis. The total value of these losses amounts to 96 thousand roubles. Among the most valuable were the manuscript libraries collected by Torah and Jewish communities as well as archival collections. The Jews were known to have established a great number of libraries; even the illiterate Jews had personal collections of books. Quite a few Jewish libraries stored a 1000 and more volumes of books. Due to the significant losses of both archival documents and human demography, the author could not further develop the reconstruction of this heritage on a larger scale. However, the material collected made it possible to identify and evaluate the common problems of preserving and losing Samogitian Jews’ documentary heritage during World War I.

Melchor Cano and the Spirituality of St. Ignatius Loyola: The Censura y parecer contra el Insituto de los Padres Jesuitas

The leading critic in Spain of the early Society of Jesus and its founder was the Dominican theologian Melchor Cano, who believed that the spirituality of Ignatius and his companions was a form of illuminism. During the 1550s he set out his reasons for thinking this in his Censura y parecer contra el Insituto de los Padres Jesuitas, a document he intended to show to the pope. It survives in a number of manuscripts, one of them in the British Library in London. The present article traces the history of the text, which was long considered lost, and examines its portrayal of Ignatius, the Spiritual Exercises, and the Society. It concludes with a critical edition of the British Library manuscript.

Revision in the Manuscript Age: New Evidence of Early Versions of Ibn Ḥajar’s Fatḥ al-bārī

Revision in the Manuscript Age: New Evidence of Early Versions of Ibn Ḥajar’s <i>Fatḥ al-bārī</i>