Library Experience Research Articles

Environmental education in public libraries

PurposeThis research aims to investigate effective public library environmental education interventions in order to inform the development of a framework for public libraries.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method was developed incorporating surveys and follow-up interviews with librarians working in USA public libraries, who were known to have been involved in environmental education initiatives.FindingsThe research determined which environmental education interventions were most likely to lead to action and behaviour change in public library users. The resulting discussion has allowed for the creation of a framework which establishes factors useful for successful implementation of environmental education programmes and activities. These elements include partnership, institutional commitment, inclusion and outreach and practical activities linked to a larger vision.Research limitations/implicationsThe research participants were limited to those libraries in the USA which were all affiliated with the American Library Association (ALA) Resilient Communities programmes and had received grants.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes with a framework for implementing environmental education programmes in public libraries. Effective interventions are also shared which provide practical ideas and strategies.Social implicationsProviding structure and considerations for establishing an environmental programme enables libraries to build on experiences of other libraries. As climate change action becomes a more pressing issue, providing these interventions supports action.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the concepts of environmental education and the role which public libraries can play in this arena, concluding that sustainable development should be treated as a new tenet of librarianship and environmental education as a new research field of library and information science.

Visibility of documentary heritage through digitisation projects in Romanian libraries.

The article presents, from a diachronic perspective, the concerns of valorization and preservation of the documentary heritage through digitisation projects in the Romanian Library System. The development of the argument is made starting from the analysis of the interest in the subject in international literature (through a bibliometric analysis) and the investigation of the online presence of libraries expressed statistically from the typology of forms of representation, to specific digital products and services, thus highlighting how they evolved in the sense of diversifying and modernizing the products and services provided and taking into account the political, economic, and technological constraints. The evaluation of the involvement of Romanian libraries in digitisation activities was done through the such research methods as content analysis and scientometric research, which allowed the carrying out of a longitudinal case study extended for the period 2007-2022, during the unravelling of the events. The most representative initiatives for the creation of the Digital Library of Romania and the involvement of libraries in national and European projects are presented, and examples of good practices are highlighted, including political and administrative concerns to support protection and capitalization through the digitisation of the libraries' heritage. This study is the first in Romanian specialized bibliography that proovides an overall and evolutionary perspective on the national project of digitisation of the documentary cultural heritage. Analyzing a large number of official documents and library web addresses has been a major challenge. During the analyzed period (2007-2022), there have been numerous initiatives and digitisation projects, but the results have not always met expectations. From the experience of Romanian libraries, it can be concluded that digital content development initiatives have not always been successful because of the absence or insufficient commitment of the sustainability component.

Online reading lists: a mixed-method analysis of the academic perspective

Reading list systems are widely used in tertiary education as a pedagogical tool and for tracking copyrighted material. This article explores the make-up of reading lists across a whole university. We investigated the experience of academics and librarians when creating reading lists. A mixed-method approach was employed in which we performed a transaction log analysis on reading lists at a single university, from 2016 to 2020. A questionnaire was then answered by both academics and academic liaison librarians about their experience with reading lists. The results of our analysis found that uptake of reading lists varies widely between different academic disciplines. Academic engagement with reading lists was found to show only incremental growth over time, and overall satisfaction by academics with the reading list system was low. We explore implications for reading lists implemented through digital Libraries and recommend developing discipline-specific support to increase reading list numbers and to integrate pedagogical features to increase academic buy-in.

Hidden Barriers: The Experience of Academic Librarians and Archivists with Invisible Illnesses and/or Disabilities

Hidden Barriers: The Experience of Academic Librarians and Archivists with Invisible Illnesses and/or Disabilities

Электронное собрание Президентской библиотеки как основа изучения истории образования в России

The role of state policy in the formation and development of the system of education and enlightenment in Russia is considered. The concept of «mentoring» acquired its modern meaning from the mid1960s, when it began to be widely introduced into the system of vocational education, becoming part of state policy. Formation of the image of a teacher-mentor is an urgent issue of modernizing the system of Russian education. To recognize the special status of teaching staff, including those performing mentoring activities, 2023 has been declared the Year of the Teacher and Mentor. The experience of the Presidential Library in the formation of the digital collection «History of Education in Russia», timed to coincide with this event, is presented. The purpose of the collection is to provide informational support to the state policy in the field of education and enlightenment, as well as a comprehensive presentation of documents and materials reflecting the history of the development of the education system in Russia. The creation of the collection is aimed at popularizing the Russian education system in society.

Learning in Action: Designing Successful Graduate Student Work Experiences in Academic Libraries. Arianne Hartsell-Gundy, Kim Duckett, and Sarah Morris, eds. Chicago, IL: ACRL Editions, 2022. 272p. Paper, $86 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-3680-1).

Learning in Action: Designing Successful Graduate Student Work Experiences in Academic Libraries. Arianne Hartsell-Gundy, Kim Duckett, and Sarah Morris, eds. Chicago, IL: ACRL Editions, 2022. 272p. Paper, $86 (ISBN: 978-0-8389-3680-1).

Information Literacy in Context: Skill Development in Pre- and In-Service School Librarians

ABSTRACT Information literacy is a crucial topic in the library science profession. The information needs and perceptions of the information literacy of preservice and early-career school librarians were explored in this research using a survey and interviews distributed nationally over a 5-month time frame. These participants, who have been employed in the field for 5 years or less or are currently completing coursework, were queried about their perceptions of information literacy and how the profession had changed through the course of their graduate work and early-career experiences. Participants felt well prepared and believed their schooling met their need for information in the areas of readers’ advisory and the use of copyright and fair use and for for teaching these topics to students. They also reported that they were well prepared for teaching with educational technology. Participants were least prepared in the area of facilitation of classroom teacher/school librarian collaborations, even though this aspect of their library school experience was highly emphasized. Once graduates were in a library position, they met their information needs by reaching out to mentors, more experienced school librarians, and their professional learning community.

What about the books? Valuing students’ past library experiences

In 2019, the Utah State University Libraries’ first-year student orientation took an unexpected blow when it was made optional in the new student orientation program after being required for more than a decade. We want to make sure that students know about the resources available to them through their library at the beginning of their college careers, and this change felt devastating. In a strong push to prove our worth and gain some much-needed validation, we held focus groups with our first-year students to hear what they thought of their library and how the library orientation impacted them. Our secret motive was to reinstate the library workshop as a requirement for all first-year students. After doing our IRB diligence, we successfully recruited 48 students to participate and held four focus groups, two sessions with library orientation participants and two with nonparticipants.

On Distance Learning, Open Educational Resources, and the Role of University Libraries in These Processes

Objective. The article is aimed to improve the understanding of university communities (teachers, students, librarians) concerning the development of distance learning, open educational resources, and the new role of university libraries in these processes. Methods. The main data on the development of distance learning, OER, and increasing the role of university libraries in these processes were obtained due to the analysis of professional publications in periodicals and on the university websites of around the world, the application of methods of method of participant and non-participant observation, a description of the authors’ own experience (the director of the scientific library, the associate professor of IT disciplines and the heads of the scientific library departments) who work at the Ukrainian State University of Science and Technology (Dnipro, Ukraine). Results. It has been established that the implementation of distance learning systems, the use and availability of open (preferably free) information sources on open access platforms or open educational resources (OER), exchange of scientific research in the digital scientific space, etc. – these components are closely interconnected and used among teachers, scientists, students. Distance education requires inclusion in the processes of both teachers – authors of open educational resources, and employees of certain services providing information and IT support for both teachers and the resources created by them. Such structures are university libraries, which were among the first to support the philosophy of openness and to join the processes of supporting open access, open science, and open education based on intellectual information systems and technologies. The experience of the scientific library of USUST is considered – a structure that enables online access to text and non-text OER as a necessary element while ensuring limited personal interaction between a teacher and a student. Conclusions. Today, during the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, the foundations are being actively laid to make the provision of educational services at universities, in particular distance education, dynamic and multidimensional. It is necessary to integrate electronic library resources with distance learning platforms to ensure unhindered access for students and teachers.

Library Service in Ensuring the Information Ecology of an Organization: A Case Study of a Research University Library

Objective. Information products and services provided by academic libraries to support the educational process and research are a component of the information ecology of educational institutions, but their list within each academic library depends on the institutional ecology. Therefore, it is useful to study the practical experience of various academic libraries in ensuring the information ecology of research universities. As an example, we consider the successful experience of G. Denysenko Scientific and Technical Library of the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" (KPI Library). Methods. A qualitative method of longitudinal research was used to obtain data and analyze the KPI Library information services. A number of primary data sources were used, such as diaries of first-hand reflection, observations, engaged in documenting and developing a narrative about the effectiveness of interaction of students, lecturers, scientists with the information environment. Analytical and review, logical, systematic methods are applied to substantiate the place of library service in information ecology. Results. The experience of KPI Library in ensuring the information ecology of the university was studied. Ways of organizing prompt, effective and safe (ecological) interaction with users and support of internal information products and services are analyzed. It is shown which services (tools and information resources) and areas of activity of the library form the information ecology of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. The role of the library in the formation of information culture and the culture of academic integrity of scientists, teachers and students of the university is shown. Conclusions. The considered example of KPI Library activity confirms that an academic library is directly involved in formation of the information ecology of a research university. A deeper analysis of the value of products and the effectiveness of library services for various members of the academic community as a component of the information ecology of the university may be the subject of further research.

European Practices of Overcoming Language Barriers in Times of Crisis: Open Educational Resources

Objective. In any given country, the national language and education not only help to impart knowledge but also broaden the horizons of students, teaching them to be more tolerant of different cultures. Today, the Ukrainian language as an important component of national identity and state building is one of the main goals of Russia in its war against Ukraine. That is why one of the main challenges for higher education in Ukraine during wartime is to create modern and high-quality educational materials in the national language as quickly as possible, in order to facilitate remote teaching, learning and research processes at universities. The mechanism for responding to this challenge is to turn to the experience of creating, adapting and using Open Educational Resources (OER) in Europe and the rest of the world. The aim of the study is to consider the practices of creating, adapting and using OER in European universities and libraries in the context of their benefits, including the possibilities of overcoming language barriers in times of crisis. Methods. This article is based on the analysis of the literature on OER practices in facilitating the overcoming of language barriers, on the activities of ENOEL, on the practices of librarians and educationalists of several European universities, as well as on self-reflection and direct experience of the circumstances of the war by Ukrainian librarians, who continue information support of the educational process. Results. The theoretical aspects and implemented practical solutions demonstrate that OER can be an effective solution in times of crisis (whether a pandemic or a war) to the issue of quality information support of distance education with materials in the national language in any country in Europe and the world. In the context of higher education in Ukraine, OER is a means and one of the methods of overcoming linguocide by the Russian Federation – the purposeful destruction of the Ukrainian language as the main feature of the ethnic group. The experience of working with OER of the USUST Scientific Library (Dnipro, Ukraine) is the story of a library that was looking for opportunities to answer its local challenges and resolve problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, and found solutions that became necessary during the war with Russia. Conclusions. The authors hope that Ukrainian-language OER will soon become a mandatory element in the cultural environment of Ukrainian universities. And it is OER that can help overcome Ukrainian linguocide in educational resources. The experience of librarians of the European Network of Open Education Librarians (ENOEL) proves that one of the most important roles in this is played by university librarians.

Media Library as a Resource Center for Quality Assurance of the Educational Process

The purpose of the article is to study the activities of media libraries in the context of the educational process, as well as to highlight modern innovative approaches to the organization of a qualitatively new educational space.
 Research methodology. In the process of the study, general scientific methods such as hypothetical method, method of analysis and synthesis were used, which allowed the author to analyze the activities of media libraries in the educational context in terms of resource provision of the quality of the educational process.
 The scientific novelty of the research is to highlight modern approaches to the organization of innovative educational space with the involvement of information technology to provide quality information services aimed at educational and scientific activities.
 Conclusions. The educational component is a priority in the activities of libraries, so it is important to provide access to quality scientific and educational information. In addition to providing a wide range of information services, the library should be a space for communication between different social groups to promote education and implement the concept of lifelong learning. Thanks to the activities of the Ukrainian Library Association, which signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with the Ministry of Digital Transformation to promote the development of digital literacy, a large number of libraries in Ukraine have become educational hubs for improving the digital skills of the population based on the platform Diia. Digital Education. Most Ukrainian libraries are implementing educational projects aimed at improving knowledge in various fields of science and culture. This article reviews and analyzes the domestic and foreign experience of media libraries as educational hubs aimed at creating and providing access to qualitatively new educational content.

А Case Study of Using Digital Tools to Create an Online Communication Game Environment During COVID-19

The purpose of the article is to analyse the experience of Ukrainian libraries using digital tools and the potential of competitions to create an online environment for communication with students during the COVID-19 quarantine.
 Methods. When writing the article, the methods of content analysis, systematisation, and generalisation were used. As organisers of a series of digital intellectual competitions, the authors share their own experiences of creating an online communication environment for librarians and students, which involved intellectual online competitions on the Kahoot platform between students of Ukrainian universities and colleges to overcome the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
 The novelty of the study lies in new knowledge about the potential of digital tools, which, in the context of overcoming the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, were effectively used to establish communication between students and librarians.
 Conclusions. The idea of using digital tools to create an online space for students to communicate with each other and with the library to overcome the quarantine restrictions of COVID-19 was transformed into all-Ukrainian digital intellectual student tournaments. In 2021, with the support of 28 libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine, five intellectual online tournaments were held. With the help of digital technologies, 349 participants from 19 universities and 9 colleges of Ukraine competed in the Kahoot quiz and communicated on the Google Meet and Zoom video conference platforms.
 The article demonstrates that the communication space, created with the help of video conferences, contributed to establishing communication between students and librarians and obtaining information about remote services. Using the capabilities of Kahoot to conduct online quizzes made it possible to popularise reading as a leisure activity in a game format, develop critical thinking skills, and team interaction. It is revealed that the main factors contributing to students’ participation in intellectual online competitions are: the need for positive emotional communication, recreational and cognitive motivation (to get interesting information), and the search for a reference group for interaction on the Internet.

Information Market as a Sphere of Libraries’ Fundraising Activities

The purpose of the research is to analyze the information market as a sphere of fundraising activities of libraries.
 Research methodology. Both general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, and induction) and specialized methods (for example, abstraction – for researching general theoretical approaches and determining recommendations for the use of fundraising in the modern library space of Ukraine) were used to study this issue.
 The scientific novelty of the study is the actualization of foreign experience of libraries’ work with non-budgetary charitable organizations and private benefactors in Ukrainian realities.
 Conclusions. The current challenges faced by libraries require additional funding from extrabudgetary sources, which is extremely difficult to implement in the context of a global pandemic or military aggression. In particular, based on the processing of the information received, it was found that modern libraries need to turn more often to the practice of using paid services and fundraising opportunities. Usually, the management of Ukrainian libraries resorts to the practice of introducing paid services to obtain additional funding. We believe that the experience of the world’s leading libraries in Ukrainian realities will not always work accordingly. Therefore, it is important to combine the attraction of additional funding with the introduction of new technologies that can bring sustainable income to library institutions in the information market in the future. To obtain fundraising funds, a long work is needed to find possible benefactors, study their activities, and promote their services in the information space, which will create a good reputation for the library institution. It is also relevant to use the experience of scientists – grant applications in their specificity can become models for submitting fundraising projects.

Levko Bykovskyi’s Training Concept of Library Specialists

Problem statement. Modern Ukrainian society is changing as a result of irreversible demographic, intellectual and cultural losses. The tasks of reconstruction and development of the country cause new challenges for the educational, scientific and industrial sectors. Resistance to Russian expansion requires innovations in information activities too. The transformation of the public role of library institutions is observed. There is a need to transform libraries into modern socio-cultural institutions that fully meet today’s requirements of a society. The key to successful changes in the library industry is the improvement of its staffing and effective innovative management. This, in turn, requires a thorough analysis of the national and global experience of librarians.
 The purpose of the research is to study the curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, which were used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library.
 The methodology of this study is based on a complex approach, that combines both general scientific and problem-specific methods. Among them there are methods of systematization, data processing, terminological analysis, generalization, as well as logical, descriptive, historical-genetic, and retrospective ones.
 The results. The curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, are concluded according to a single principle. Each course contains a curriculum and a thorough list of literary sources, as well as methodological recommendations on the scientific organization of work, ergonomics, etc. The curricula are divided into content modules and thematic blocks. The authors assume that mastering the proposed curricula was a sufficient basis for the successful professional implementation of the course graduate.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the library field development and the librarians training experience with the aim of borrowing the best elements of it into the modern educational process and abandoning unsuccessful methods.
 The practical significance lies in the attempt to focus attention on the training curricula for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, developed by scientists of the Ukrainian diaspora, who in the period of the 20-30s of the XX century were the leaders of the library industry, since in the Soviet Union bibliography, like a number of similar educational courses, were in decline.
 Conclusions. The analyzed brochure, despite its small volume, is quite informative. Its author emphasizes the need to write a textbook on library science and at the same time points out its practical significance for the scientific studies of graduate students, the effective work of librarians and their managers. In addition to the idea of librarians at that time, the brochure indirectly gives us information about the life and activities of Ukrainians in emigration, as well as the level of development of the centers of Ukrainianism, in particular in the city of Kalisz, illustrates the relations between the scientific communities of the Ukrainian diaspora and post-Soviet Ukraine. Any scientific papers containing extensive bibliographic lists serve as reference points for scientific research activities since, unfortunately, library funds suffer irreversible losses after the horrors of war.

Changes in the Library Landscape Regarding Visible Minority Librarians in Canada

Objective – As a follow-up to the first 2013 survey, the Visible Minority Librarians of Canada (ViMLoC) network conducted its second comprehensive survey in 2021. The 2021 survey gathered detailed information about the demography, education, and employment of visible minority librarians (VMLs) working in Canadian institutions. Data from the 2021 survey and the analysis presented in this paper help us better understand the current library landscape, presented alongside findings from the 2013 survey. The research results will be helpful for professional associations and library administrators to develop initiatives to support VMLs. Methods – Researchers created online survey questionnaires using Qualtrics XM in English and translated them into French. We distributed the survey invitation through relevant library association electronic mail lists and posted on ViMLoC’s website, social networking platforms, and through their electronic mail list. The survey asked if the participant was a visible minority librarian. If the response was “No,” the survey closed. Respondents indicating "Yes" were asked 36 personal and professional questions of three types: multiple-choice, yes/no, and open-ended questions. Results – One hundred and sixty-two VMLs completed the 2021 survey. Chinese remained the largest ethnic identity, but their proportion in the survey decreased from 36% in 2013 to 24% in 2021. 65% were aged between 26 and 45 years old. More than half received their library degree during the 2010s. 89% completed their library degree in Canada, a 5% increase from 2013. The majority of librarians had graduated from University of Toronto (25%), followed closely by University of British Columbia (23%), and Western University (22%). Only 3% received their library degree from a library school outside North America. 34% of librarians earned a second master’s degree and 5% had a PhD. 60% of librarians had less than 11 years of experience. Nearly half worked in academic libraries. Most were located in Ontario and British Columbia. 69% of librarians were in non-management positions with 5% being senior administrators. 25% reported a salary above $100,000. In terms of job categories, the largest group worked in Reference/Information Services (45%), followed by Instruction Services (32%), and as Liaison Librarians (31%). Those working in Acquisitions/Collection Development saw the biggest jump from 1% in 2013 to 28% in 2021. 58% of librarians sought mentoring support, of whom 54% participated in formal mentorship programs, and 48% had a visible minority mentor. Conclusion – 35% more VMLs responded to the 2021 survey compared to the 2013 survey. Changes occurred in ethnic identity, generation, where VMLs earned a Master of Library and Information Science (MLIS) or equivalent degree, library type, geographic location, and job responsibilities. The 2021 survey also explored other aspects of the VMLs not covered in the 2013 survey, such as librarian experience, salary, management positions, and mentorship experience. The findings suggested that the professional associations and library administrators would need collaborative efforts to support VMLs.

“Always at Work”: Canadian Academic Librarian Work During COVID-19

To learn about the experiences of librarians working through COVID-19, we conducted semi-structured interviews with academic librarians from across Canada on issues such as workload, collegiality, and overall satisfaction with their working conditions during the pandemic. Themes emerged around job security, workload changes (both in terms of hours worked and the type of work being done), working from home, relationships with colleagues and administrators (including the perceived speed of the institution’s pandemic response and the state of communication from or with administration), and hopes for the future. This article focuses on the semantic elements of librarian work during COVID-19 uncovered during thematic analysis, including an in-depth discussion of how academic librarians’ workload changed; a second planned article will focus on latent themes on the caring nature of library work. This study connects isolated individual situations with the overall picture of what librarians’ work looked and felt like during the COVID-19 pandemic. For library administrators, we identify the ways in which institutional support helped or hindered librarians in doing their work.

Considering User Feedback and Consistency, Analysis of the level of User Satisfaction with Particular reference to MIMER Medical College, Pune

The primary means of ensuring that everyone has reliable, safe, and equal access to information are libraries. It serves as a community hub for ongoing knowledge dissemination. It serves as a catalyst for propriety and is a significant indicator of a mature society. This essay looks at the MIMER Medical College Central Library's user experience and service excellence. Quantitative student opinions on the library's offerings were gathered through survey techniques. 54 replies from UG students were gathered (MBBS). Using spss software, the reliability test (cronbach's alpha) was performed on the data. This study's goal is to evaluate usability and reliability. the most crucial research stage, provides the researcher with the theoretical underpinnings of a study problem.

”I felt there was a big chunk taken out of my life”: COVID-19 and older adults’ library-based magazine leisure reading

ABSTRACT Reading is a central leisure activity among older adults, serving as a means of entertainment, escape, connection, and/or education. COVID-19 public library closures drastically altered this activity. Based on interviews with 21 older adults across Ontario, Canada, this study explores how library closures in the province affected older adults’ magazine leisure reading practices. Analysis yielded three themes: COVID-19 transforming experiences of library as place, COVID-19 as time of loss, and COVID-19 as catalyst for adaptation. Participants voiced the many ways COVID-19 has shaped (often restricting) their choices related to magazine reading (where, how, and what they read, and where they located their magazines). While libraries remained virtually open during the pandemic, many participants chose not to switch to digital platforms (despite their technical proficiency to do so). As a result, they often stopped reading magazines completely, despite the loss this stoppage represented. At the same time, pandemic restrictions compelled others to use the online library services they had previously avoided. Ultimately, participants’ experiences of magazine reading during the COVID-19 pandemic further our understanding of reading as leisure in later life and also trouble prevailing assumptions that older adults’ resistance to digital media engagement is merely a reflection of age-related incompetence.

Modern libraries of Ukraine as an inclusive space: promotion of reading and popularisation of books

The purpose of the article is to present the libraries of Ukraine as an inclusive space for the promotion of reading and popularisation of books in contemporary conditions. The research methodology is based on the general scientific principles that cognition is systematic, and comprehensive. In order to achieve this goal, the following special methods are used: comparison, analysis, and generalization. Scientific novelty of the article focuses on the issue of an inclusive space of libraries, which is successfully solved by the librarianship of Ukraine. Legislative initiatives to ensure access of visually impaired people to adapted information resources and promotion of reading are presented. The best experience of libraries in Ukraine under contemporary conditions for servicing readers with disabilities is revealed. Conclusions. The article argues that currently scientific studies in Ukrainian librarianship as a science of the regularities of library forming, developing, and functioning should update the theoretical basis of the promotion of reading as an inclusive space under contemporary conditions, that is, in this aspect, library science falls behind the achievements of library practice. It is established that with Ukraine gaining independence, a new stage began of promoting reading, books, and popularisation of the library as an inclusive space for development, education, and socialisation at the state level. It is asserted that Ukraine's orientation towards the development of the civilized world encourages the introduction of internationally proven practices to improve library and information services for people with disabilities and visually impaired users, ie the introduction of inclusion in a library sphere is one of the trends of state cultural policy. It is determined that information and communication services for people with disabilities are focused on such vectors as social, informational, psychological, and leisure ones in order to fully meet their informational, educational, and cultural needs. Keywords: libraries of Ukraine, inclusive space, promotion of reading, popularisation of books, people with disabilities, visually impaired users.