Libo County Research Articles

First Report of Alternaria alternata Causing Leaf Spot on Oenothera biennis in China.

Oenothera biennis is a versatile plant that can be used for both ornamental and medicinal purposes. Its potential in treating a range of diseases is noteworthy and has been studied extensively (Bayles et al. 2009). In September 2022, leaf spot on O. biennis was first observed in a 0.2 ha plant experimental demonstration land in Libo County (25°23'24″N, 108°4'22″E), Guizhou Province, China. The incidence of all O. biennis was about 60% over the 0.2 ha surveyed. Initially, red round or irregular spots appeared on the leaves, which then gradually turned dry yellow. To identify the cause, diseased tissues (5 mm2) from the margin of the lesions were surface disinfected by immersion in 75% ethanol for 30 sec, and 7% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, and then rinsed three times with sterile distilled water (Sun et al. 2022). The tissues were cultured in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 25℃. After 7 days, further purification was performed by transferring onto the new PDA and potato carrot agar (PCA) by single-spore isolation. After 8 days, the colonies on PDA were 80 mm in diameter, cotton-like in texture, dark green in color and nearly circular in shape with a white edge. The conidia on the PCA were short-chains, pear-shaped or oval, pale brown, smooth surface, 15.3-30.8 × 8.3-12.6μm (n = 150). Beaks were columnar or conical, 0-6.0 × 0-4.0μm (n = 100). Conidiophores were solitary straight or flexuous less branched, dark brown, and measured 14.0-60.5 × 3.0-4.5μm. Based upon morphological observations, all these characteristics were consistent with those of Alternaria alternata (Simmons 2007). To further identify the fungal species, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), Alternaria major allergen (Alt a 1), RNA polymerase second largest subunit gene (RPB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF 1) were amplified and sequenced using the primers ITS4/ITS5, RPB2-5F/RPB2-7CR, gpd1/gpd2, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, and Alt-for/Alt-rev (Woudenberg et al. 2015). Sequences were deposited in GenBank (ITS: OM319523; RPB2: OM849249; gpd: OM296248; TEF1: OM238124; Alt a 1: OM649813). The similarity of the representative isolate YJC and the type strain CBS 595.93 (ITS: KP124320; RPB2: KP124788; gpd: KP124175; TEF1: KP125096; Alt a 1: JQ646399) on the phylogenetic tree was 98%. Therefore, the fungus was identified as A. alternata by morphology and phylogenetic analysis. To confirm pathogenicity, a spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) of the representative isolate YJC was sprayed on the leaves of six healthy plants and six plants sprayed with distilled water as controls. The plants used in the experiment were covered with plastic bags for 48 h (Luo et al. 2012). After 8 days, all inoculated plants exhibited symptoms of the disease, while the control plants remained symptom-free. The experiment was conducted twice using the same approach. The fungus that has been inoculated was reisolated from the leaves of the infected plants and identified as A. alternata through morphological observation, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of O. biennis leaf spot caused by A. alternata. This pathogen could pose a threat to O. biennis yield and result in economic losses. For further development of specific control measures, it is important to confirm the identity.

Could the Sloping Land Conversion Program Promote Farmers’ Income in Rocky Desertification Areas?—Evidence from China

The Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) is a significant measure to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations in 2015. SLCP plays an important role in poverty alleviation and income increase for farmers in poor areas. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the income of farmers has increased after participating in SLCP, and whether SLCP has released the agricultural labor force to obtain non-agricultural income by participating in non-agricultural work. Based on the field investigation in Luocheng County and Longsheng County of Guangxi, Libo County, and Dushan county of Guizhou, this paper uses the method of propensity score matching (PSM) to explore the impact of SLCP on the income of farmers in rocky desertification areas. According to our research, it is found that: (1) SLCP has a positive effect of 5.2% on the average annual net income of farmers, a positive effect of 43.2% on agricultural income, and a negative effect of 9.8% on non-agricultural income, but all of the effects are insignificant. Selective deviation will overestimate the impact of SLCP on farmers’ total income and agricultural income and underestimate the impact on non-agricultural income. SLCP failed to promote the transformation of farmers into secondary and tertiary industries. The mechanism of SLCP to increase farmers’ income is complex. (2) Farmers’ participation in SLCP is influenced by work experience and education level in human capital, participation in skills training in social capital, and owning durable consumer goods in physical capital. Although SLCP will promote economic development under the condition of improving the ecological environment in the future, it is not advisable to exchange farmers’ livelihood for ecological construction at present. The implementation of SLCP should consider not only the overall ecological benefits, but also the short-term social and economic benefits.

Comparative Study on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Ecosystem Service Value of Different Karst Landform Types: A Case Study in Guizhou Province, China

Paying attention to the ecosystem service value (ESV) of different karst landform types is of great benefit to the green, sustainable, and high-quality development of the ecological environment in Guizhou Province. Based on the eight-period China Land Cover Dataset (CLCD) from 1985 to 2020, we compared and analyzed the ecosystem service value and its temporal and spatial variation characteristics of different karst landforms with the equivalent factor method in the study. The results revealed that the overall ecological environment of Guizhou Province showed a tendency to improve. Over the past 35 years, the net increase in the ecosystem service value in Guizhou Province was USD 385 million, with the largest increase occurring from 2015 to 2020. The overall spatial distribution is characterized by continuous low values in the middle and concentrated high values in the surrounding areas. Some of the local ecological environment in Guizhou Province is still not well-preserved. The ecosystem service value in the pure-karst area has decreased by USD 122 million over the past 35 years, mainly in Dushan County and Libo County, Qiannan Prefecture. The semi-karst area has increased by USD 367 million, concentrated in the northern and central areas of Guizhou Province. The non-karst area increased by USD 140 million, mostly distributed in Pu’an County, Xingyi City, and Yanhe County. In terms of the ecosystem service value per unit area, the results were as follows: non-karst areas > pure-karst areas > semi-karst areas. The ecosystem service value of each geomorphological area varied with the elevation and slope, showing an inverted “V” trend, first increasing and then decreasing. The maximum ecosystem service value in the pure-karst and semi-karst areas was between 800 m and 1100 m above sea level, and the non-karst area was in the range of 500 m to 800 m. The maximum ecosystem service value in the non-karst areas and semi-karst areas was within the gradient of 15° to 25°, and the pure-karst area was between 6° and 15°. The forest contributed most to the ecosystem service value of each karst landform, followed by cropland, and finally shrubland and grassland. Guizhou Province should pay attention to the protection of forest and cropland ecosystems in terms of future land management, especially with regard to ecological construction in pure-karst landform areas.

Arthrobacter cavernae sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from sediment of karst cave.

A novel, Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-endospore-forming, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium designated PO-11T was isolated from sediment of karst cave collected in Libo county, Guizhou Province, PR China. The isolate grew optimally on R2A agar at 25 °C, pH 8.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that PO-11T belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was most closely related to Arthrobacter methylotrophus TGAT (98.3 % sequence similarity), Arthrobacter alkaliphilus LC6T (97.7 %) and Arthrobacter ramosus CCM1646T (97.1 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4 073 119 bp and the genomic DNA G+C content was 66.16 mol%. Its DNA-DNA relatedness values with A. methylotrophus TGAT, A. alkaliphilus LC6T and A. ramosus CCM1646T were 23.0, 22.9 and 23.2 %, respectively. The main fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0. The major respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2). The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and unidentified lipids. Thus, based on phylogenetic and phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain PO-11T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter cavernae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain PO-11T (=CCTCC AB 2021070T=LMG 32459T).

Mechanism and Evolution of Soil Organic Carbon Coupling with Rocky Desertification in South China Karst

To study the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) coupled with rocky desertification, 1212 soil samples from 152 soil profiles were sampled from different karst landforms, including karst low hills/virgin forest (KLH) in Libo County, a karst peak-cluster depression (KPCD) in Xingyi County, a karst canyon (KC) in Guanling County, a karst plateau basin (KPB) in Puding County and a karst trough valley (KTV) in Yinjiang County. The spatial distribution characteristics of the responses of SOC, SOC density (SOCD), rocky desertification and soil bulk density (SBD) to different influencing factors were analyzed. The relationships among SOC, SOCD, rocky desertification and SBD were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. The SOC storage capacity was characterized by using SOCD, and then the SOC storage capacity in different evolution stages of karst landforms was assessed. The SOC contents of KLH, KPCD, KC, KPB and KTV ranged from 6.16 to 38.20 g·kg−1, 7.42 to 27.08 g·kg−1, 6.28 to 35.17 g·kg−1, 4.62 to 23.79 g·kg−1 and 5.24 to 37.85 g·kg−1, respectively, and their average SOCD values (0–100 cm) were 7.37, 10.79, 7.06, 8.51 and 7.84 kg·m−2, respectively. The karst landforms as ordered by SOC storage capacity were KPCD > KPB > KLH > KTV > KC. The SOC content was negatively correlated with the SBD; light rocky desertification may lead to SOC accumulation. The rocky desertification degree and SBD were closely associated with slope position and gradient. Rocky desertification first increased, then decreased from mountain foot to summit, and increased with increasing slope gradient. However, the SBD decreased from mountain foot to summit and with increasing slope gradient. The SOC contents on the northern aspect of the mountains were generally higher than the other aspects. In summary, rock outcrops controlled the SOC contents in the studied regions. The slope position, gradient and aspect influenced the composition and distribution of vegetation, which influenced the evolution of rocky desertification. Therefore, these factors indirectly affected the SOC content. Additionally, the SOCD decreased with increasing rocky desertification. During the different evolution stages of karst landforms, the SOC storage capacity first decreases, then increases.

Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopocryptopidae) from China.

We describe Scolopocryptops longipes sp. nov., a new troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede species from a karstic area in southern China. The species was found in Shuiba Cave of Libo County, Guizhou Province. The cephalic plate wider than long, with complete margination along the lateral margin of cephalic plate; TT619 with complete paramedian sutures; tibia, tarsus 1 and tarsus 2 of leg 22 each with one spur; prefemur and femur of ultimate legs glabrous, tibia and tarsi with dense bristles. S. longipes is the second troglobitic scolopocryptopine in China and the fourth in the world described thus far.

The Research of Libo County Integrated development of cultural and tourism in the New Era

Libo County has a wealth of cultural resources. The green, red and characteristic cultures are colorful, and there are a lot of room for the development of cultural tourism industrialization. Deepening the integration of cultural and tourism is a major proposition that must be solved in Libo County to build a distinctive and charming local cultural tourism. Through combing and explaining the current situation of local cultural and tourism development, focusing on discussing several major problems in the integrated development of cultural and tourism in Libo County, and trying to explore the ideas and countermeasures for accelerating the in-depth integrated development of cultural and tourism in Libo County under the background of global tourism.

Effects of clint on the distribution and leaf phenotypic variation of a dominant plant Lindera communis in Maolan Karst National Natural Reserve, SW China

The heterogeneous habitat plays an important role in the conservation and restoration for rare and endangered plant species. In the karst area, the clints usually cause the soil differentiation of physical and chemical properties, which affect the distribution and adaptation strategy of dominant plant populations. To study the distribution and adaptation strategy of the dominant plants in heterogeneous habitats induced by clints, we investigated the leaf phenotypic variation along the transect from Lindera communis plant to clint (0 cm, 0.1cm-10cm and ≥ 10 cm) within the Maolan Karst National Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The results showed: (1) 483 individuals of L. communis had been recorded, and the trees (DBH≥1cm) were 374 individuals (77.43% of the total). The DBH of biggest L. communis was 10.5cm, which was 6 cm away from the clint. In the 0cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.97±1.71 cm) were 200, and the seedlings and saplings were 29. In the 0.1cm-10cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.75±1.62 cm) were 50, and the seedlings and saplings were 44. In the ≥ 10cm distance group, the tree (mean DBH 2.52±1.29 cm) were 124, and seedlings and saplings were 36. The mean DBH of L. communis individuals was decreased with the increase of the distance between plant and clint. The coefficients of variation of L. communis individuals DBH in each distance group, which indicated that the DBH distribution of this species was uncertain at different groups. (2) The leaf length, width, width/length and thickness of L. communis was 79.71±12.95 mm, 30.17±6.68 mm, 0.38±0.07, 0.24±0.05 mm, respectively. The petiole length and diameter of L. communis was 6.65±1.87 mm and 1.19±0.63 mm, respectively. The coefficient of variation of petiole length increased first and then decreased with the distance from clint increasing. Meanwhile, the variation coefficients of leaf length, leaf width, leaf width/length, leaf thickness and petiole diameter decreased first and then increased with the increase of distance from clint. The distance between the clint and L. communis had significant effect on the leaf length (P < 0.05), and thickness (P < 0.01) and width/length (P < 0.01), and had minor effect on the other leaf traits. The present study highlighted that the clint had a profound influence effect on the distribution and leaf characteristics traits of L. communis. Therefore, we can use the clint as a key node to protect and restore the plant population size.

The complete mitochondrial genomes of two Chinese endemic cave fishes, Sinocyclocheilus longibarbarus and Sinocyclocheilus punctatus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae)

Sinocyclocheilus longibarbarus and Sinocyclocheilus punctatus were collected from a karst cave Libo County, southwest of China. The two Sinocyclocheilus species can be distinguished obviously by external morphological characteristics. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two species were assembled, and both sequences reflected gene organization typical for mitochondrial DNA of the genus Sinocyclocheilus, comprising of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a large non-coding control region. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. punctatus was first clustered together with S. mutipunctatus, and S. longibarbarus was closely related to S. yishanensis. The complete mitogenome of two species may provide useful information for the further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies.

Integrative taxonomy uncovers a new stygobiotic Caridina species (Decapoda, Caridea, Atyidae) from Guizhou Province, China.

Collecting much-needed information on the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of cave-dwelling shrimp is vital for addressing the urgent challenges in conservation biodiversity in fragile cave ecosystems. Caridina incolorsp. nov., a new atyid shrimp from an underground stream of Yaoshui Cave, Daqikong scenic area, Libo County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China is described based on morphology and DNA analysis (mitochondrial COI). Caridina incolorsp. nov. differs from epigean congeners by its smaller eyes which range from reduced to completely blind; colorless body and appendages; long stylocerite and sixth abdominal segment; and relatively large eggs. In comparison to other cave species, Caridina incolorsp. nov. presents a long rostrum and stylocerite; slender sixth abdominal segment; and unique shape of the appendix masculina. Data on the habitat, ecology, and levels of threat are provided and suggest that it should be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR) under the current IUCN criteria.

Food sources and trophic levels of terrestrial cave fauna in Yuping Town, Libo County, Guizhou Province

Food sources and trophic levels of terrestrial cave fauna in Yuping Town, Libo County, Guizhou Province

Tracing source and transformation of carbon in an epikarst spring-pond system by dual carbon isotopes (13C[sbnd]14C): Evidence of dissolved CO2 uptake as a carbon sink

δ13C and D14C measurements on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and aquatic plants from a karst spring and two spring-fed ponds in Laqiao, Maolan Township, Libo County, southeastern Guizhou of China in January, July and October of 2013 have been carried out to understand the roles of aquatic photosynthesis through DIC uptake in surface karst waters. The mean D14C and δ13C values of DIC for the spring, midstream pond (MP) and downstream pond (DP) are −26 ± 36‰ and −13 ± 2‰, 6 ± 56‰ and −12 ± 3‰, and 0 ± 64‰ and −9 ± 2‰, respectively. The carbon source for the DIC is mainly from biogenic CO2 rather than the dissolution of limestone rock as the D14C and δ13C of limestone are about −1000‰ and 2‰, respectively. The enrichment trend of D14CDIC and δ13CDIC from the spring to the DP indicates CO2 exchange between atmospheric CO2 and DIC, because D14C and δ13C values of atmospheric CO2 are ca. 50‰ and −8‰, respectively. The average D14CPOC values in the spring, MP and DP were −325‰, −123‰ and −158‰, respectively, which are all lower than these of the DIC in each reservoir. The lower D14C values of the POC may be caused by older soil carbon from surface runoff and dust fall. More aquatic algae were formed through photosynthesis in the stream ponds, especially in summer, shown by strongly increased D14CPOC and evidence of growth in EDS/SEM analyses. Furthermore, the D14C values of the submerged aquatic plants range from −153‰ to −26‰, reflecting that the aquatic plants used DIC for photosynthesis. The D14C value of an emergent plant which uses atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis is 52.5 ± 0.3‰, equivalent to the atmospheric D14C. Seasonal variations of D14CDIC and δ13CDIC are influenced by soil CO2 input, primary productivity in the ponds, and CO2 exchange; hydrochemical condition show lower D14C values but higher δ13C values in cold/dry season, and vice versa in summer rainy season. A simple mass balance calculation indicates ~90% of carbon for the spring DIC is from biogenic CO2, with higher contribution in summer due to higher productivity. Although this simple calculation may overestimate the biogenic CO2, it indicates that organic decomposition is a major carbon source for DIC in the karst hydrological system. The results of the present study have implications for 14C dating on aquatic plant remains, regional and perhaps global carbon budgets, and the different behaviors of 13C and 14C in karst systems.

Petrocodon luteoflorus (Gesneriaceae), a new species from karst region in Guizhou, China.

A new species of Gesneriaceae, Petrocodon luteoflorus Lei Cai & F.Wen was first described and illustrated from Maolan National Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The diagnostic characters and notes of this species between its most morphologically similar species, P. dealbatus Hance, a detailed description, colour photographs, etymology, as well as distribution and habitat, are also provided in this paper.

Water Inrush Hazards in the Chaoyang Tunnel, Guizhou, China: A Preliminary Investigation

This paper reports on a water inrush hazard, which occurred during the construction of the Chaoyang tunnel in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. On 10 June 2018, a continuous water inflow of about 57 thousand m3 of water within 40 min took place at the tunnel excavation face, resulting in three casualties. The objectives of this study are to investigate and discuss the water inrush process of this atypical case. Further, an inclusive description of the implemented emergency responses will be provided. The principal causes of this tunneling incident include the karst geological condition at the construction field, hydraulic conductivity induced by the connection between karst water system and surface water body, and effects of excavation and precipitation. Moreover, based on a preliminary investigation and analysis, three main control measures to overcome similar incidents in the future are proposed: (1) Performing “water inrush risk grading” in areas prone to water inrush; (2) undertaking comprehensive geological forecast for a synthetic analysis; and (3) employing a monitoring system during the construction, and educating workers on self-protection skills. These effective management measures are bound to benefit underground engineering constructions with regard to water inrush risks.

Lysinibacillus cavernae sp. nov., isolated from cave soil.

A Gram-staining positive, motile, rod-shaped and subterminal endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain SYSU K30005T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a karst cave in Libo county, Guizhou province, south-western China. Strain SYSU K30005T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Lysinibacillus fusiformis (98.6%) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus (98.2%). In phylogenetic tree, strain SYSU K30005T clade with the members of the genus Lysinibacillus. Based on the phylogenetic and 16S gene sequence result, strain SYSU K30005T was affiliated to the genus Lysinibacillus. The growth of SYSU K30005T was observed at 15-37°C (optimum, 28°C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and in the presence of 0-4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum in 3.5% NaCl). Cell wall peptidoglycan type was A4α (Lys-Asp). The cell-wall sugars of SYSU K30005T were ribose, galactose and mannose and MK-7 was the only quinone. The fatty acids (> 5% of total fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C17:0. The polar lipids profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatideylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. The genomic DNA G + C content was 37.2mol%. The average nucleotide identity values between SYSU K30005T and its closest relatives were below the cut-off level (95-96%) for species delineation. The results support the conclusion that strain SYSU K30005T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which we proposed the name Lysinibacillus cavernae sp. nov. The type strain is SYSU K30005T (= KCTC 43130T = CGMCC 1.17492T).

Enrichments of Cadmium and Arsenic and Their Effects on the Karst Forest Area.

An understanding of the enrichment mechanisms of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in the process of rock weathering and soil formation is essential to develop agriculture according to local conditions. However, the enrichments of soil Cd and As under natural background conditions in karst areas are still uncertain. The enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, redundancy analysis, and other methods were used to analyze the enrichment degree and the influencing factors of Cd and As on 5 rock–soil profiles and 15 topsoil samples, which were collected from a karst forest area in Libo County, Guizhou Province. The results showed that the enrichment process was divided into three stages. In the first stage, Cd and As were enriched in carbonate rocks, and their mean concentrations were 1.65 and 3.9 times those of the corresponding abundance of the crust. In the second stage, the enrichment of the parent rock into the soil, the enrichment factors of Cd and As in the parent material horizon relative to the bedrock horizon were 9.2 and 2.82, respectively. The third stage refers to the enrichments of Cd and As in the topsoil, where Cd enrichment was more obvious than that of As. Soil organic matter (SOM) and phosphorus (P) are important factors that influenced the enrichments of Cd and As in the topsoil. The functional groups of SOM were complexed with Cd and As; P easily formed precipitates with Cd, and the tree litter was fed back to the topsoil, which may be the reason for the surface enrichment of Cd and As. This study will help the scientific community understand the enrichment mechanisms of soil Cd and As in karst areas.

Characteristics of failure area and failure mechanism of a bedding rockslide in Libo County, Guizhou, China

Owing to the continuous rainfall, a bedding rockslide occurred at a construction site on the San-Li highway (Sandu County to Libo County) at 18:05 (UTC+8) on September 23, 2017, in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. This bedding rockslide caused three deaths, six injuries, and an accumulation zone of approximately 1.8 × 105 m3 of medium weathered limestone that blocked the main line of the M ramp. To explore the triggering factors of this rockslide, the engineering geological condition, hydrogeological condition, slope excavation scheme, and statistics of rainfall data were investigated based on field investigations and geophysical drilling. The blasting failure of the upper unstable and dangerous rock masses after the bedding rockslide was analyzed. Three instability behaviors characteristics are distinguished: (1) the bedding characteristics of the rock formation and weak interlayer, (2) the steep slope (the largest dip angle being 46°), and (3) the appearance of the free face induced by the slope excavation. The results indicate that the above conditions are objective factors, and continuous rainfall triggers the bedding rockslide. The landslide follows the step-path failure mode.

Reassignment of 'Triplophysa' jiarongensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) to Oreonectes Günther, 1868.

Specimens identified as Oreonectes jiarongensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) were collected from a karst cave in Jiarong Town and Banzhai Township, Libo County, Guizhou, China. Several lines of morphological and molecular evidence suggested that this species was similar to species of Oreonectes Günther 1868 and not closely related to species of Triplophysa Rendal, 1933. The anterior and posterior nostrils of 'Triplophysa' jiarongensis were separated by a short distance, and there was no secondary sexual dimorphism in male specimens. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome b recovered 'T.' jiarongensis in a well-supported clade with Oreonectes daqikongensis, O. shuilongensis, O. furcocaudalis and O. platycephalus, sister to the Triplophysa clade. In addition, the genetic distances between 'T.' jiarongensis and species of Oreonectes were low (O. daqikongensis: 0.114; O. shuilongensis: 0.106; O. platycephalus: 0.180), while distances to species of Triplophysa were higher (T. dorsalis: 0.233; T. yarkandensis: 0.282). Therefore, we reassign 'T.' jiarongensis to Oreonectes. Based on this result, it is now clear that species of both Oreonectes and Triplophysa inhabit the same underground river system in Guizhou. However, as species of Oreonectes are only known from the southern part of Guizhou, it may be that O. jiarongensis inhabits the most northerly part of the range of this genus.

The Cavefish Oreonectes jiarongensis can be Induced to Differentiate and Recover under the Light Condition

Abstract This research indicated that one cave fish species of Oreonectes jiarongensis can recover the transparent to black under the light condition, this species belongs to the Oreonectes, Nemacheilinae, and distributes in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The changing process time was 14 days. This is the first time that suggests the cave vertebrates which lived in the dark environment not longer time could change the body color in the light environment, and has a new adaptive strategy for the darkness condition. The result may indicate that this species entrance the underground river not so long time, and the genes not mutation, which control the melanin express, it still has the physiological regulation mechanism under the light condition.

A new species of Acrophialophora from Guizhou Province, China

Acrophialophora liboensis, a new fungus from soil samples in Libo County, Guizhou Province, China, is illustrated and described on the basis of morphological and molecular sequences data. Phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and β-tubulin sequences demonstrated that A. liboensis is a distinct species closely related to A. cinerea and A. furcata. Morphologically, A. liboensis is characterized by solitary and lateral phialides tapering into thin necks and long chains of ellipsoidal or oval conidia. The ex-type living culture has been deposited in CGMCC, Beijing City, China.