Liberal Paradigm Research Articles

Islamic education with liberation paradigm

This study examines the Islamic education system with the paradigm of liberation and educating. Islam, which is based on the Quran, has a collection of verses relating to education and the spirit of liberation. Apart from explaining its universal principles, it also presents historical figures as lessons. In general, Islamic education idealizes the birth of an educational output that frees itself from the lusts that pollute the soul and frees its people from various kinds of social problems, such as injustice, economic inequality, discrimination and oppression. This type of research is library research. The approach used is an educational approach. His analytical theory uses hermeneutics and liberation education. The findings of this study: first, Liberation theology in education must not stop at the level of discourse but must be translated into the realm of practice. Second, the principle of humanity for divinity, third, the implementation of Islamic education with the paradigm of liberation towards Spiritual Intelligence. This research contributes to the discipline of Islamic education, by presenting education with a liberation paradigm.

Rejection of the Jewish Idea of the Chosen People as a Consequence of Theological Egalitarianism in the Thought of Mordecai Kaplan

In traditional Judaism, the truth that Jews are God’s Chosen People was universal and constitutive of both individual and collective identity. Most modern currents of Judaism (Orthodoxy, Conservatism, Reformed) continue to preach the belief in chosenness, based on religious obligations, the so-called mitzvot, which define a uniquely Jewish way of life and lead to moral holiness. However, Jewish Reconstructionism — the most recent and the most liberal paradigms of the Jewish religion — negates the idea of a chosen people completely, reflecting the notions espoused by its founder, Mordecai M. Kaplan, a staunch opponent of the belief that God chooses one people over another, one nation over other nations. This paper demonstrates how Kaplan re-envisioned the traditional truth about the Jews as the Chosen People. Relying on his analyses, the author demonstrates that Kaplan’s proposal arises from theological egalitarianism, on which the entire agenda of this current in Judaism is founded. The doctrine of chosenness is replaced in this case by the axiom of vocation, which does not elevate the Jews above other peoples, but presumes them to be equal with others. At the same time, Jews do not have to renounce their own path to salvation as a part of their civilization.

Armenia in a Triangle of Great Power Management: Regional competition on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

The aim of the article is to examine the foreign policy approaches and interests of three regional powers – Iran, Russia and Turkey before the Second Karabakh war in 2020. The study argues that dissatisfaction with the results of the conflict, forced these countries to further advance their interests in the region through cooperation and regional influence by soft power rather than waging an unpredictable geopolitical confrontation. The study is based on the methods of foreign policy analysis and comparative analysis of political discourse of the three regional powers in application to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict using the Great Power Management (GPM) approach of the English School of International Relations. The study puts forward the idea that the predominance of the national interests of Russia, Turkey and Iran, disguised with ideational concepts in the framework of the GPM is fundamentally different from the principles of multilateralism, driven by the European Union and the West within the liberal paradigm of resolving the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.

El paradigma liberal de la propiedad y la codificacion decimononica en la Republica Argentina

The liberal paradigm of ownership was welcomed by the Argentine Civil Code of 1871. This paper first offers two conceptualizations that assist in setting its scope: ownership paradigms and American civil law jurisdictions. This paper then addresses the first generation of civil codes in those American jurisdictions, elaborating on the time of adoption, content, and motivation. The account continues by tracing the codification of the liberal paradigm of ownership in those nineteenth-century normative bodies. Further, this paper offers an illustration of the above-mentioned circulation of ideas, describing the experience of reception of the liberal paradigm within the articles and notes to the text drafted by Dalmacio Vélez Sarsfield and its pollination into the civil codes of other jurisdictions. It should be noted that ownership is subject to changes that respond to the mentality of a given society, according to time and space.

From Professionalisation and Normalisation to Genealogy and Realism: The Challenge of Liberalism in Contemporary Political Theory

This essay seeks to characterise and explain a specific pattern in professional political theorising over the last five decades. The paper does not seek to offer a stipulative or philosophical definition of the activity and nor can it offer a full historical or political sociological analysis of the activity in the context of academic institutions in the Anglophone world. Instead it provides a high-level overview of a particular pattern of development in the activity of political theory as exemplified in core outputs such as monographs, journal articles and essays as a way of explicating some perennial dynamics in the discipline that could be given a more extended historical and sociological explanation. That pattern is illustrated in the initial quest for professionalisation and institutional normalisation which has a tendency towards presenting the subject of study as converging on a broadly liberal agenda. This dominant liberal paradigm in turn has been challenged by the recent development of genealogical analyses of the contemporary intellectual history of political theory and the rise of political realism as attempts to sustain a common subject of enquiry that does not collapse into the endorsement of a liberal vision of ‘the political’. This dialectic, which centres on the problem of liberalism, is the key to understanding the fundamental dynamic of Anglophone political theory as an institutional practice as well as a body of ideas, principles and values.

Imagining Peace Outside of Liberal Statebuilding: Anarchist Theory as Pathway to Emancipatory Peacefacilitation

Critical scholarship on peace has coined the term liberal peacebuilding and proven that it is unsuccessful, even counterproductive, in achieving that what it sets out to do—foster peace after violent conflict. The dominant part of this endeavor has been statebuilding. This paper adds to a slowly developing literature that starts to ask the question what an alternative to the reliance on statebuilding could look like. By employing anarchist theory, a new theoretical methodology is introduced to International Relations that allows to imagine forms of peace outside the liberal paradigm whilst preventing imperialistic claims. Such an emancipatory peace practice based on anarchism is envisioned as to build on prefigurative politics and direct action, strengthening autonomy, decentralization, and horizontality as well as challenge all structural forms of domination through radical forms of self-determination. Incorporating such an anarchist agenda offers one perspective on what fostering peace outside decontextualized and imposed liberal nation states could be. I argue that challenging statebuilding foreshadows a greater implication an anarchist research agenda promotes, namely, the need to move away from peace building toward emancipatory forms of peace facilitation.

Вопросы национальной безопасности в торговой политике США

National security becomes a strong determining factor while implementing trade policy measures, and this raises many legal and political questions. The article shows that, historically, the United States, as a Contracting Party to GATT 47, experienced serious domestic difficulties in developing rules regarding security exceptions. The confrontation between the U. S. Department of State and War Departments, who were charged with post-war U.S. military and defense planning, left its mark of ambiguity in the wording of some trade rules. In recent years, Washington has actively used trade restrictive measures, invoking articles on security exceptions in the World Trade Organization (WTO) rulebook. Panel report on the dispute “Russian Federation – measures in relation to transit of goods” contributed greatly to the interpretation of the relevant exceptions. At the same time, the definition of the “boundaries” of the use of such measures remains largely open. The urgency of the problem becomes even more evident when we note how the current discourse is shifting towards sources of national security problems other than military threats. In the long term, national security issues might be linked to food and energy security, and in the near future – to climate change. The deviation from the paradigm of multilateral liberalism towards economic nationalism requires rethinking of the approaches laid down in the foundation of the multilateral trading system. The author concludes that the United States is not interested in clarifying the WTO rules related to national security, while maintaining the status quo, which allows it to have wide policy space.

IF YOU’RE AN EGALITARIAN … SO WHAT?

AbstractG. A. Cohen is justly acclaimed for his penetrating and searching critique of the commanding Rawlsian liberal paradigm in contemporary political philosophy. He is also well known for his fervent advocacy of a radical view of economic equality, namely, that “justice requires (virtually) unqualified equality itself.” This essay focuses on two issues at the heart of Cohen’s critique, namely, his argument that economic equality is a moral as well as a political responsibility, and his interrogatory question: “If you’re an egalitarian, how come you’re so rich?” I take up critics’ objection that Cohen’s arguments for what economic egalitarianism requires are overly morally demanding. I also present a puzzle about the critical reception of Cohen’s work: Given the amount and quality of engagement with his arguments on what egalitarianism would look like in a future just society, how come there’s been such scant attention to his reflections on the predicament of the “rich egalitarian” in current-day unjust society? The essay culminates in a tentative answer to this question.

The Liberal Paradigm of Security in Sir Walter Scott's The Antiquary

The Liberal Paradigm of Security in Sir Walter Scott's The Antiquary

Spór polityczny między PiS i PO wokół modelu integracji europejskiej

The dispute over the model of European integration and around the proposals for reform and change of the European Union, which appear time and again, has become one of the main axes of conflict in Polish politics. The aim of this article is to analyse the political views of the two main actors in this dispute – Law and Justice (conservative current) and Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (liberal current). Representatives of both ideological currents, despite significant axiological differences, were in favour of European integration. While the Law and Justice party presented a Eurorealist stance, the views of PO politicians can be described as Euro-enthusiastic. Sharp disagreements arose when the scope and extent of European integration and the model of the EU needed to be clarified, which de facto boiled down to a debate around the role and significance of the nation-state in international relations. The theoretical layer of political thought is particularly exposed in the study, as the acceptance of a realist or liberal paradigm of international relations by the parties studied was tantamount to support for a particular model of the European Union. It also seemed crucial to examine the relevance and importance of political values such as the state and its sovereignty, collective identity or security and their relationship to the desired vision of the EU.

Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points": Between the Diplomacy and Propaganda (Origins of the Liberal Paradigm)

Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points": Between the Diplomacy and Propaganda (Origins of the Liberal Paradigm)

Education that liberates and educates according to the perspective of the Qur’an

This study examines the concept of Islamic education with the paradigm of liberation and educating in the Quran. Islam which is based on the Quran has verses relating to education and the spirit of liberation. In addition to explaining universal principles, the Quran also presents historical figures as lessons. In general, Islamic education idealizes the birth of educational output that frees itself from the lusts that pollute the soul and frees its people from various kinds of social problems, such as injustice, economic inequality, discrimination and oppression. This type of research is library research. The approach used is an educational approach. His analytical theory uses hermeneutics and liberation education. The findings of this study: first, the verses of the Quran can be grouped into; verses of education and verses of liberation education. Second, Islamic education with a liberation paradigm must be in the form of practice, with a real social contribution; besides that it must also be based on the value of devotion and worship. This research contributes to the study of the interpretation of the Quran as well as the discipline of Islamic education, by presenting the category of verses of the Quran about education with a liberation paradigm.

Technocratic Keynesianism: a paradigm shift without legislative change

ABSTRACT Despite anticipated curtailment of their powers, the past decade saw technocratic actors take on an increasingly powerful role in economic governance. Focusing on the EU, I analyse these epochal shifts as a move away from the market liberal paradigm that informed the 1992 European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The 1992 EMU combines a highly restrictive attitude to public money creation with a permissive laissez-faire attitude to private credit money. In the face of the dual crises of COVID-19 and the climate emergency, EU technocrats have abandoned key tenets of the EMU. The European Central Bank provides targeted and large-scale support for pandemic-related fiscal expenditures. Banking regulators and supervisors actively guide the allocation of credit with an eye to its economic and environmental impact. However, constitutional structures lag ideational shifts and the new technocracy is haunted by issues of legality and legitimacy. To pursue the new policies within the old constitutional structures, policymakers engage in strategic ambiguity: the policies are justified in terms of both new economic policy priorities, as well as by reference to the instruments and goals of the earlier market liberal paradigm.

Judith N. Shklar on disobedience and obligation in a “society of strangers”

Judith N. Shklar on disobedience and obligation in a “society of strangers”

The Paradigm of Village Development in South Sulawesi in Utilizing Village Funds in the Agricultural Sector

Social, economic and ecological development in rural areas is currently the main concern of the Indonesian Government at the national level. This study aims to determine the extent to which village funds are used by the government and village communities for the development of the agricultural sector and the application of the development paradigm in the agricultural sector. The population in this study were all villages in South Sulawesi that received Village Fund assistance from 2015 to 2019. Sampling was based on village classifications according to the Developing Village Index (IDM). Based on the results of the analysis method, it shows that the Village Fund can only be used to fund two of the four activity sectors that can be financed from the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely the development sector and the rural empowerment sector. Public. Whereas the application of the development paradigm in each village is based on the village classification using the Village Fund in the agricultural sector, namely: 1) The village is very backward adopting the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 2) under developed villages adopt the Post-Structuralist paradigm. 3) Building the village by adopting the Liberal paradigm. 4) developed villages adopt a liberal a paradigm. 5) independent villages adopt a liberal paradigm.

The Infrastructure of Peace: Civil–Military Urban Planning in Mali

ABSTRACT In the context of the current UN-led stabilization efforts in Mali, the United Nations peacekeeping mission undertakes significant investments in small-scale infrastructure development. The projects not only point to the spatial imprint of peacebuilding on the post-war landscape, but to the imagined performative power of infrastructure. Based on a survey of policy document and official communications, I investigate UN peacekeepers’ narratives of reconstruction, development, and peace promoted through this infrastructure building, and essentially, their role as urban planners in the context of the international military intervention. The account of peacebuilding through infrastructure projects and development resonates with the liberal peace paradigm but also problematizes the practice of civil–military intervention and its focus on infrastructure as device to achieving peace goals.

African Initiated Churches as interlocutors of African spirituality of liberation against colonial spirituality of the empire

Prof. Vuyani Vellem was a scholar of Black Theology of Liberation. However, he placed the African Initiated Churches (AICs) at the centre of his heart as a basis for African spirituality of liberation. He believed that the whole of African life is infiltrated by spirituality which is based on African religiosity. He mentioned African religiosity as an alternative to what he expressed as ‘authoritative salvationist dispensation of Western religiosity’. The AICs present a formidable platform for ‘un-thinking’ colonial religiosity. He extended the notion of ‘un-thinking’ the West beyond the cognitive space and embraced spirituality, hence cognitive spirituality. This article, therefore, argues that the AICs are the protagonists in the interlocution project of African spirituality of liberation. They are formidable giants in unshackling African spirituality from Western Christian spirituality and its expansionism that attempts to unseat the liberation paradigm of African spirituality. The author’s approach will, therefore, be to identify and analyse selected areas in the ministry praxis of AICs in their quest for African spirituality of liberation. In order to reach this objective, the author will examine the subject of African spirituality, by discussing colonial spirituality of the empire that gave rise to the AICs and find out the liberating spirituality of the AICs. At the end of this discourse, the author will conclude that the AICs succeeded to not only preserve, but also to construct, contextualise, protect and promote African spirituality of liberation against the antics of the empire. Contribution: Based on the thoughts of the late Prof. Vuyani Vellem about the role of AICs within the space of African spirituality of liberation, this article not only provides insights and better understanding, but also highlights the ministry praxis of the AICs on this subject against the imperial spirituality. This study, therefore, combines the notions of multi and transdisciplinary religious elements of the focus of this journal.

Food sovereignty and farmland protection in the Municipal County of Antigonish, Nova Scotia

This case study of the Municipal County of Antigon­ish (MCA) in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia assessed the extent to which agricultural land use planning accommodates those societal interests seeking to embed food sovereignty at the municipal level. Data were collected through content analysis of legislative documents, key informant interviews, and a review of the grey literature. Results suggest that the relatively weak municipal planning system in place prioritizes private interests over the public interest in farmland protection. The resultant gaps in the legislative setup in the MCA further reveal that food sovereignty actors and/or ideas have little influence over municipal governance of farmland protection. Broader historical and contemporary trends in Nova Scotia and Canada at large suggest that farmland will continue to lose ground to forces intrinsic to the dominant policy paradigm of market liberalism. Concluding thoughts call for “bringing back the (Canadian) state” itself as central to constituting a new agricultural policy paradigm.

관광에서 자유란 무엇인가?

Freedom is an important concept in tourism, as it distinguishes tourism activities from other activities. Freedom is a prerequisite for tourism and an important factor influencing tourism motivation, tourism experience, and tourism outcomes. However, despite the change in the liberal paradigm and the diversified demand of tourists, freedom in tourism does not reflect this trend. Hitherto based on the classical philosophy of freedom, the concept of freedom in tourism only explains individual choice opportunities. Under the consciousness of this problem, first, the context and discussion of the concept of freedom are reviewed to examine the limitations of the concept of freedom in tourism literature. This paper proposes the expanded concept of freedom in the field of tourism, named tourism freedom. Tourism freedom consists of tourist-level psychological freedom, behavioral freedom, and communal freedom formed through tourism activities. This includes an understanding of community freedom within the scope of tourism, beyond individual and subjective benefits. In addition, freedom at the tourism-based level can be understood as internal resources of tourists necessary to realize freedom in tourism, external resources as a tourism environment, and institutional resources that promote them smoothly. Consequently, it is emphasized that freedom in tourism is a comprehensive examination of the aspects of tourist-level and tourism-based level, leading the issues related to tourism freedom to public rather than to individuals.

Scandinavian creation theology—A constellation open to a variety of interpretations

AbstractThis text is a general introduction to Scandinavian creation theology, both from a historical and systematic point of view. The concept is connected to a loose network of theologians that emerged during the second part of the 20th century in the aftermath of the breakdown of the grand liberal paradigm, and as a critique against dominant anti‐liberal approaches in Protestant theology. In this article, Scandinavian creation theology is conceived as a “constellation” of three major “founding figures”—K. E. Løgstrup (1905–1981), Regin Prenter (1907–1990), and Gustaf Wingren (1910–2000)—who elaborated on a reconfiguration of Reformation theology by a “mediation” of Luther's theology inspired by the important Danish theologian N.F.S. Grundtvig (1783–1882). Using the doctrine of creation as horizon of understanding for the Christian faith, an original affirmation of ordinary life shared by all human beings is taken as a theological starting point, instead of attempting to isolate something distinctively Christian. Inspired by Irenaeus’ concept “recapitulatio,” it is claimed that becoming a Christian means nothing less—and nothing more—than becoming human again. Finally, despite the fact that this theological approach was developed in a declining monolithic Lutheran majority‐culture, it is being argued that the ongoing transformation associated with an emerging post‐Constantinian era is something that makes Scandinavian creation theology increasingly relevant and important today.