Gay People Research Articles

The Introduction of Same-Sex Marriage in Germany—A Question of Conscience and/or Faith? A Case Study

On 30 June 2017, the German Bundestag voted in favor of the introduction of marriage for same-sex couples—a historic moment. Only a few days earlier, the then Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel had released the vote as a decision of conscience and thus dissolved the usual underlying factional compulsion—does this mean that rights for homosexual people are a question of personal conscience and values? Such a localization arouses the interest of religious studies to investigate how the discourse actors from the fields of politics, church and society formulate the decision of conscience as a discursive strategy in the negotiation process of same-sex marriage in Germany argumentatively and which positionings as well as descriptions of others and themselves are derived from this. The starting point is a modernity in which the actors move, understand and articulate themselves. This understanding of modernity is based on the process of a vertical transfer (Gladigow) of sociological theories of religion, among others, whereby narratives of secularization, overcoming religion (as a necessary precondition of modernity) and narratives of an opposition of religious vs. secular or religious vs. homosexual reappear as positions and arguments in the discourse. Using the approach of discursive religious studies (von Stuckrad) in conjunction with sociological discourse analysis (Keller), these processes of positioning, demarcation and negotiation based on the premises of modernity will be analyzed for the period from 2013 to 2017 on the basis of the public debate on religious, political, and social actors in Germany.

The Synergistic Health Threats of State Laws Targeting Marginalized Groups in the United States

Discriminatory state laws have deleterious effects on the health of socially marginalized groups. Health care clinicians, institutions, researchers, and research funders have tended to view different discriminatory laws in isolation, focusing on particular issues or groups. In contrast, intersectionality calls attention to the overlapping and synergistic systems of oppression that discriminatory legislation promotes or upholds, warranting an integrated analysis of these laws. In this analytic essay, we assess discriminatory state laws simultaneously and discuss their implications for health care clinicians, institutions, and researchers. We present a multifunctional model of law and population health that describes how discriminatory law affects health outcomes among marginalized groups. We then draw on publicly available legislation trackers to identify 30 states that have enacted legislation since 2020 that targets Black people and other people of color; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer people; transgender and nonbinary people; and women and other birthing people. Finally, we call for a coordinated, multilateral, and forceful effort by health care professionals, institutions, researchers, and research funders to counter these laws and address their predictable health consequences. ( Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print September 19, 2024:e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307830 )

Psychosocial correlates of LGBTIQ+ experiences in selected African countries: Reimagining LGBTIQ+ research

AbstractThis paper explores the multifaceted experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+) people in selected African countries within legal, health, and educational sectors, and the broader society. It further highlights efforts that address issues around inclusion and social injustice. In the selected African countries (e.g., Ghana, Namibia, Kenya, and Uganda), LGBTIQ+ related activities are constitutionally illegal, leading to social discrimination or criminalization. Discrimination and stigma occur in various institutions which promotes homophobic sentiments, self‐harm and ostracization among LGBTIQ+ people. Notable countries like South Africa and Mozambique, have decriminalized same‐sex relationships, but these have not necessarily halted incidences of homophobia, social alienation, and discrimination that persist across the continent. In this article, queer theory and sexual minority stress theory are applied as contextual tools to explicate the everyday experiences of LGBTIQ+ people in sectors such as law, education, and health. As a contribution to the discourse on LGBTIQ+ people and research in Africa, this article further explores how discrimination, stigma, compulsive survival coping strategies, and legislation impede the overall psychosocial wellbeing of LGBTIQ+ people. Although this paper's narrative is primarily restricted to a few selected African countries, the narratives are relatable to non‐Western states with collectivist cultural orientations.

Patient comfort with sexual orientation and gender identity questions in adult congenital cardiology clinics.

Lack of sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data creates barriers for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) people in health care. Barriers to SOGI data collection include physician misperception that patients do not want to answer these questions and discomfort asking SOGI questions. This study aimed to assess patient comfort towards SOGI questions across five quaternary care adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) centres. A survey administered to ACHD patients (≥18 years) asked (1) two-step gender identity and birth sex, (2) acceptance of SOGI data, and (3) the importance for ACHD physicians to know SOGI data. Chi-square tests were used to analyse differences among demographic groups and logistic regression modelled agreement with statement of patient disclosure of SOGI improving patient-physician communication. Among 322 ACHD patients, 82% identified as heterosexual and 16% identified as LGBTQ+, across the age ranges 18-29 years (39.4%), 30-49 years (47.8%), 50-64 years (8.7%), and > 65 years (4.0%). Respondents (90.4%) felt comfortable answering SOGI questions. Respondents with bachelor's/higher education were more likely to "agree" that disclosure of SOGI improves patient-physician communication compared to those with less than bachelor's education (OR = 2.45; 95% CI 1.41, 4.25; p = .0015). These findings suggest that in this largely heterosexual population, SOGI data collection is unlikely to cause patient discomfort. Respondents with higher education were twice as likely to agree that SOGI disclosure improves patient-physician communication. The inclusion of SOGI data in future studies will provide larger samples of underrepresented minorities (e.g. LGBTQ+ population), thereby reducing healthcare disparities within the field of cardiovascular research.

Slim and slender: homoerotic images of young men in the 1980s Thai gay magazines

ABSTRACT This article aims to explain how masculine images of Thai slim and slender young men are constructed as homoerotic and homosexual desires focusing on the first generation of commercial gay magazines in the 1980s. Questioning the role of media in the formation of Thai gay culture, the paper explores the connection between consumer culture and the emergence of the modern Thai gay community during the 1980s. Not only do the text/articles in Thai gay magazines tell us about Thai gay culture and history, but the images of men whose photographs appear in Thai magazines also tell us much about the culture of masculinity in Thailand. Thai urban gay people perceived this masculine image and used it to achieve and sustain their sexual imagination. The article demonstrates the representation of male slim and slender bodies in specific social and cultural contexts, which Thai gay men had gradually learned about homoeroticism. It has been found that the homosexual attraction to the slim body image of Thai young men is culturally different from the Western paradigm of big-body gay clones involved in Western gay culture magazines. It could be noted that the cultural and social context behind these homoerotic relations is the changing way of presenting the masculine body of the Thai gay community.

Medical student clinical cultural awareness in cancer care of sexual gender minority patients

ObjectiveHealth disparities in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+), or sexual and gender minority (SGM) people are known. SGM people have higher cancer risk, but lower rates of screenings, resulting in a higher likelihood of late-stage disease. This study evaluates medical students’ clinical cultural awareness in cancer care of SGM patients to identify gaps in education. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey distributed to medical students at a academic center. There were 38 questions on demographics, attitudes, and knowledge of SGM topics. Descriptive statistics were used for demographic information and stratified analyses assessed responses by demographic subgroups. ResultsThere were 238 responses from 1145 students (response rate = 20.7 %). Of the responders, 91.2 % and 79 % were comfortable treating lesbian, gay, bisexual (LGB) and transgender patients respectively. Only 28.6 % and 21.8 % were confident treating LGB and transgender patients respectively after taking the survey. 91.2 % of students were interested receiving education regarding SGM health needs. ConclusionWhile most medical students are comfortable treating LGBTQ+ patients, most are not confident in their knowledge. This difference is most profound in knowledge of transgender patients. Practice implicationsSchools must provide more education in SGM topics to improve student knowledge to produce competent providers.

Othering and Marginalizing the “Queer” in Rwanda: Findings from Public Perceptions and Lived Experiences of LGBT People

Abstract Introduction The multidimensionality of stigma that LGBT people experience globally necessitates research to explore the processes at work. The study aimed to quantify the level of othering and explore the process of LGBT othering in Rwanda. Methods We conducted a sequential cross-sectional mixed-methods study of LGBT lived experiences in Rwanda. We recruited 499 participants to complete the LGBT-specific survey and 1254 for the non-LGBT survey. We conducted 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with non-LGBT participants. For LGBT participants, we completed six focus groups with 59 participants, six in-depth interviews, and three digital storytelling interviews. For the quantitative surveys, we conducted multivariable linear regressions and reported beta coefficients and 95% confidence interval estimates examining LGBT discrimination (LGBT survey) and attitudes toward LGBT (non-LGBT survey). We used deductive and inductive thematic and narrative analysis to analyze the qualitative data. Results In adjusted analyses of the non-LGBT survey, as compared to those who knew zero LGBT persons, persons who knew more than five had lower negative attitude scores (β = − 1.3, 95% CI − 2.2, − 0.5), while the score was lower for those that knew one to five (− 0.2), it was not significant (95% CI − 0.8, 0.5). In the LGBT survey, adjusted analyses indicated that there was no significant difference found in discrimination between bisexual, gay, or lesbian participants. However, as compared to cisgender participants, transgender participants had discrimination scores that were 2.1 points higher (95% CI 1.1, 3.0), and gender non-confirming individuals had scores that were one point higher (95% CI 0.2, 1.9). The qualitative findings showcased how societal “othering” occurs in the everyday life of LGBT Rwandans, with large ramifications in creating feelings of isolation and hampering one’s capacity to live authentically and with dignity. Conclusion The findings from our study indicate a high level of othering of the LGBT community across multiple domains, including housing, employment, healthcare, education, religion, and family within Rwanda. Policy Implications The findings highlight the importance of social education campaigns about LGBT people, particularly among vital societal role-holders, including healthcare providers and educators. Integrating the rich historical and indigenous culture related to LGBT could be successful in combating anti-West rhetoric.

Understanding the Association Between Medical Mistrust and Unmet Medical Care Need in Gender and Sexually Diverse People of Color Assigned Female at Birth.

Purpose: The present study investigated associations of sexual orientation and/or gender identity-based medical mistrust and racial/ethnic-based medical mistrust, respectively, with unmet medical care need among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or sexually or gender diverse (LGBTQ+) people of color (POC) assigned female at birth (AFAB). We also tested the interaction of the two types of medical mistrust on unmet medical care need. Methods: Participants were 266 LGBTQ+ POC AFAB. Participants completed measures of medical mistrust based on race/ethnicity and LGBTQ+ identity. Unmet medical care need was assessed using the item: "During the past 12 months, was there ever a time where you felt that you needed health care but you didn't receive it?" Multivariate logistic regression models were run with either type of medical mistrust, as well as their interaction, as the predictor and unmet medical care need as the outcome variable. Results: There were no significant main effects of either type of medical mistrust on unmet medical care need. However, there was an interaction between the two types of medical mistrust, such that associations between each type of medical mistrust and unmet medical care needs were stronger at higher levels of the other type of medical mistrust. Racial/ethnic medical mistrust was associated with a greater likelihood of unmet medical needs at high, but not low, levels of LGBTQ+ medical mistrust. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic medical mistrust and LGBTQ+ medical mistrust exacerbate each other's influence on unmet medical care need. These results underscore the need for inclusive clinical practices for LGBTQ+ POC.

Geographic distribution of conversion therapy prevalence in Canada. Findings from a national cross-sectional survey, 2020

Background: Conversion therapy practices (CTPs) are discredited efforts that target lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer, Two-Spirit, or other (LGBTQ2S+) people and seek to change, deny, or discourage their sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or gender expression. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CTPs across Canadian provinces and territories and identify whether CTP bans reduce the prevalence of CTPs. Methods: We collected 119 CTPs from 31 adults (18+) in Canada who have direct experience with CTPs, know people who have gone to CTPs, or know of conversion therapy practitioners using a 2020 anonymous online survey. Mapping analysis was conducted using ArcGIS Online. CTP prevalence was compared between provinces/territories with and without bans using chi-square tests. Results: Three provinces and eleven municipalities had CTP bans. The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories with bans was 2.34 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI 1.65, 3.31). The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories without bans was 4.13 per 1,000,000 population (95% CI 3.32, 5.14). Accounting for the underlying population, provinces/territories with the highest prevalence of CTPs per 1,000,000 population were New Brunswick (6.69), Nova Scotia (6.50), and Saskatchewan (6.37). Conclusions: Findings suggest only 55% of Canadians were protected under CTP bans. The prevalence of CTPs in provinces/territories without bans was 1.76 times greater than provinces/territories with bans. CTPs are occurring in most provinces/territories, with higher prevalence in the west and the Atlantic. These findings and continued efforts to monitor CTP prevalence can help inform policymakers and legislators as society is increasingly acknowledging CTPs as a threat to the health and well-being of LGBTQ2S+ people.

Research on the Influencing Factors of Homosexuality

This study is committed to comprehensively exploring the diversity of the influencing factors of homosexuality, and tries to conduct a comprehensive analysis from multiple dimensions of biology, psychology and social culture. Through combing the relevant literature and empirical research, it is found that the formation of homosexuality is not caused by a single factor, but the result of the interaction of multiple factors. In terms of biological factors, genetic genes, brain structure and functional differences may affect the sexual tendency of individuals. In terms of psychological factors, the childhood family environment, parenting style, and gender role identity also play a key role in the formation of homosexuality. In addition, social and cultural factors cannot be ignored, including the social acceptance of homosexuality, cultural background, religious belief and so on. This study contributes to an increased understanding of homosexuality and provides theoretical support for future relevant studies. At the same time, it also calls on all sectors of society to be more tolerant and understanding when dealing with gay issues, and to create a harmonious and friendly social environment for gay people.

‘Because it’s who I am’: self-determination of LGBTQ adults with intellectual disability

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer and Asexual (LGBTIQA+) people with intellectual disability face unique challenges in asserting their identities. We aim to understand how Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) individuals with intellectual disability exercise self-determination within disability services. Eight LGBTQ adults with intellectual disability who used disability services participated in qualitative interviews. Fifteen key informants, representing government policy makers, disability service organisations, gender and sexuality educators, and senior leaders of LGBTQ organisations were also interviewed. We found that LGBTQ people with intellectual disability navigate barriers to self-determination: making autonomous decisions about their sexualities or gender identities; coming out and being recognised as LGBTQ; and gaining a sense of belonging in both disability and LGBTQ spaces. We suggest organisational-level actions including: (1) building organisational awareness; (2) including sexuality and gender identities in person centred support planning; and (3) increasing access to positive visual representations and experiences of pride.

Psychometric Properties of the Attitudes Toward Polyamory Scale (ATP) in the Spanish Context

Given the potential discrimination faced by individuals in polyamorous relationships, understanding attitudes toward polyamory in society is crucial. To this end, instruments to measure attitudes toward polyamory with adequate psychometric properties are necessary. The aim of this study was to adapt the Attitudes Toward Polyamory Scale (ATP) to the Spanish context and analyze its psychometric properties in a sample of young adults. The sample comprised 1,162 individuals aged 18 to 35 years. Participants responded to sociodemographic questions and completed the Revised Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS) and the ATP. The findings indicate: (1) adequate reliability coefficients, (2) good fit statistics for the one-factor confirmatory model that verify results of exploratory factor analysis, (3) that homosexual and bisexual people have more favorable attitudes toward polyamory than heterosexual, (4) positive correlations between ATP scores, SOS scores, and political orientation (individuals with higher levels of erotophilia and a more left-leaning political orientation tend to hold more favorable attitudes toward polyamory), and (5) association between ATP scores and religion, with non-religious individuals showing more favorable attitudes toward polyamory than Catholics. In conclusion, the ATP demonstrates adequate psychometric properties in Spanish young adults.

A “social cure” for minority stress? Individual and collective identity strategies on the mental health outcomes of lesbian and gay people

ABSTRACT Lesbian and gay (LG) people experience minority stressors, resulting in adverse mental health outcomes. To cope, many LG people engage in individualistic or collectivistic strategies, that is, self-distancing or connecting with their in-group, the LGBTQ+ community. Even though research suggests what may help LG people cope with minority stress, it is less clear how and under which conditions they do so. In this study, we examine how LG people employ individualistic and collectivistic strategies and what that entails for the negative relationship between minority stress and mental health. A total of 199 responses from British LG people were collected via the online crowdsourcing platform Clickworker. A custom mediation model indicated that, for collectivistic strategies, higher levels of minority stress were associated with increased LGBTQ+ community identification, and LGBTQ+ identification was positively related to high LGBTQ+ social support; in turn, LGBTQ+ social support was associated with positive mental health outcomes. For individualistic strategies, results show higher minority stress was related to an increased likelihood of individual mobility, but individual mobility was not associated with mental health outcomes. These findings highlight how collectivistic responses to minority stress might prove more reliable than individualistic ones in enhancing the mental health of LG people.

Are protected characteristics associated with mental health care inequalities in the adult UK general population? a cross-sectional study.

This study investigates the association between protected characteristics and inequalities in mental health care in the UK. Multinomial regression was used to model the association between protected characteristics and self-reported distress. Data was extracted from waves 6-10 (2014-2019) of the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Two risk categories were constructed: "undiagnosed distress" referred to a General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) score above "caseness" along with no history of mental health diagnosis; "diagnosis without self-report symptoms" referred to a GHQ-12 score consistently below "caseness" within the study time frame but having received a mental health diagnosis. Compared to people without a disability, people with a disability are at considerably greater risk of both undiagnosed distress (Relative risk ratios (RRR) 2.76; Confidence Interval (CI): 2.55, 2.99) and diagnosis without self-reported symptoms (RRR 3.61; CI: 2.80, 4.66). Likewise, women were more likely than men to report undiagnosed distress (RRR = 1.49; CI: 1.38,1.61) or a diagnosis without self-reported symptoms (RRR = 1.38; CI: 1.08, 1.76. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual people are at greater risk of undiagnosed distress compared with heterosexual people (RRR 1.42; CI: 1.19, 1.70). Adults aged 16-24 years were at greatest risk compared to all other age groups. People from a minority ethnic background had a reduced risk of diagnosis without self-report symptoms compared with people from a White ethnic background (RRR 0.34; CI: 0.20, 0.61). Education, employment and income variables moderated some of these associations. This is the first study to examine diagnosis without self-report symptoms alongside undiagnosed distress. Findings suggest that addressing inequality in mental health care requires increased understanding of the needs and strengths within different groups and to provide appropriate forms of social, medical or psychosocial intervention rather than a singular focus on increasing detection, diagnosis and treatment. People with a disability appear to be at greatest disadvantage, requiring greater attention in policy and practice.

First Nations music and social emotional wellbeing and health among LGBTIQA+SB First Nations peoples: a review of the literature

Music has been linked to improved social and emotional wellbeing for First Nations Peoples, yet little research directly explores the link between music and social emotional wellbeing of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer, Asexual, Sistergirl, and Brotherboy (LGBTIQA+SB) First Nation Peoples in Australia. This article reports on a hybrid scoping narrative review of existing literature that explores LGBTIQA+SB social emotional wellbeing and potential links to music practices, such as music listening, performance, and composing. Findings suggest that music and creative practices can be linked to feelings of elation, positive self-regard, and safety. Music and performance can promote and celebrate the diversity and complexities of Queer First Nations people and identities through art and performance, enhancing a sense of belonging and links to community, generating feelings of pride, and contributing to knowledge sharing. Community connections built through creative arts and digital platforms are seen as enhancing social emotional wellbeing for First Nations Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer/Questioning, Brotherboy, Sistergirl people.

An Exploration of the Peri-Diagnostic Experiences of Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual People With Dementia Using the Candidacy Framework.

How dementia affects lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer people or those with other minoritised sexual/gender identities (LGBTQ+) is not well understood. Furthermore, existing research often excludes the voices of LGBTQ+ people living with dementia and focuses instead on their care partners. This study addresses this evidence gap by drawing on the ESRC/NIHR funded DETERMIND cohort, consisting of 940 newly diagnosed people with dementia, to explore the peri-diagnostic experiences of people living with dementia who identify as LGBTQ+. We recruited five people (who identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual [LGB]) and completed semi-structured interviews with them and their partner caregivers (n=3) discussing their experiences of (1) engaging with dementia health care services, (2) receiving a dementia diagnosis, and (3) the support they were offered after diagnosis. Interviews were shaped by the Candidacy Framework, a theoretical model for understanding accessibility of health services, and an inductive thematic analysis was employed to develop common themes. Participants did not routinely disclose their LGBTQ+ identities to health service professionals, despite feeling this was an essential aspect of who they are. They relied on their resilience of overcoming previous experiences of lifetime discrimination to navigate complicated dementia care systems. The importance of 'chosen families' as informal support networks for LGBTQ+ people living with dementia was highlighted, particularly given the lack of formal care services they felt comfortable accessing. All participants were concerned about their future care needs and whether they would receive home-based or community-based support that respected their LGBTQ+ identities. This study adds to the limited evidence base that can be used to inform future research, policy and practice seeking to address inequalities across the dementia care pathway. We only interviewed people who identified as LGB so generalizability to the whole LGBTQ+ population is limited, however our data suggest dementia health care professionals should encourage and support disclosures of LGBTQ+ identities so that inclusive care and support planning can be provided to LGBTQ+ people at every stage of dementia.

Informing inclusive and affirmative hospital pharmacy services for 2SLGBTQ+ patients.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) people disproportionally experience health disparities, and hospital pharmacists, given their accessibility and expertise in medication management, are ideally positioned to provide care to this vulnerable population. This study investigated the barriers and facilitators faced by hospital pharmacists when providing care to 2SLGBTQ+ patients, with the goal of informing enhancement of quality care provided to these patients. A mixed-methods triangulation design was utilized, comprising an online survey and qualitative interviews with Canadian hospital pharmacists. The survey used the lens of systemic oppression as a framework and assessed pharmacists' perceptions and knowledge. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 129 individuals participated in the survey, and 15 participants were interviewed. Eleven themes were identified, and findings revealed a complex web of individual, interpersonal, and systemic barriers and facilitators. Pharmacists expressed a lack of proficiency and confidence in discussing 2SLGBTQ+ health topics, further compounded by an apprehension to engage and a fear of causing harm. Pharmacists desired support from their leadership teams and organizations in the form of access to resources, time to engage in training, and workplace environments that encourage discussions about 2SLGBTQ+ health. Hospital pharmacists in Canada are willing to provide inclusive care to 2SLGBTQ+ patients but face significant barriers. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive education, supportive workplace cultures, and accessible resources to address health disparities and improve care for 2SLGBTQ+ individuals.

The Association Between Mental Health and Different Sexual Orientations

In society, many bisexual or homosexual people suffer from depression and other mental diseases because of social factors such as social prejudice and social opinion. This work will focus on the relationship between mental health and sexual orientation, and it will also develop a detailed understanding of the factors that affect sexual orientation. By combining these factors, the paper concluded that bisexuals are more likely to suffer from depression, and heterosexuals are less likely to suffer from depression. This article also summarize some factors of mental health problems led by bisexuality, which are sexual orientation-based discrimination, bisexual invisibility and erasure, and lack of bisexual-affirmative support. In addition, this paper also involves a survey, which research about teenagers opinion toward sexual orientation, it emphasizes that people should always maintain an objective and tolerant attitude towards all kinds of people. People do not need to understand people with different sexual orientations, but they should respect them.

The comparative inclusion and acceptance of LGBT+ people in the UK construction industry

The Equality Act of 2010 forbids discrimination based on gender and sexual identity; however, many lesbians, gay, bisexual, transgender, nonbinary and people with gender expressions outside traditional norms (LGBT+) working in the UK construction industry experience hostility in the workplace. There has been a lack of research that focuses on LGBT+ professionals in construction, so this study investigates the topic and looks at how acceptance varies across different groups under the LGBT+ umbrella. The research uses thematic analysis to probe in depth the experience of 11 LGBT+ interviewees working in the UK construction sector. The study finds that majority of the LGBT+ employees have experienced some prejudice, each group in a unique way. Bisexual, trans and nonbinary people experience more discrimination than Lesbian and Gay people. Acceptance depends on workplace context. The respondents perceive construction sites more linked to harassment, discrimination and inappropriate comments toward the LGBT+ community than office environments. The visibility of senior LGBT+ employees and leadership of both LGBT+ and non-LGBT+ senior management are important for inclusion in organisations and for supporting junior LGBT+ employees. This study contributes to understanding of LGBT+ acceptance and raises issues that need to be addressed in the industry, challenging heteronormative culture.

Developing a module on the care of LGBTQIA+ individuals for health professionals: Research protocol.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) people struggle to identify a healthcare service that understands their problems and needs. Additionally, healthcare professionals also find it difficult to care for LGBTQIA+ as very little is studied or heard about management. The article presents a protocol for a pilot study aimed at the development of an LGBTQIA+ care curriculum for health science professionals. The study includes Phase I: The development of a curriculum based on a literature review and focus group discussion among LGBTQIA+ individuals, and Phase II: Pilot testing of LGBTQIA+ care curriculum. The study outcome will reflect the improvement in the knowledge of healthcare professionals on LGBTQIA+ care.