Lexicographic Material Research Articles

À vaca que não tem rabo, abana-a Deus. Designações para a vaca rabela na Galiza

This article presents a sample of a broader project whose objective is the study of names referring to cows, animals of extraordinary importance in the Galician culture. Several forms to designate a tailess cow are studied from several points of view, paying special attention to geolinguistic analysis. The importance of dialectal data is shown in order to make etymological hypotheses and to ponder data taken from dictionaries. Likewise, lexicographical material is very useful as an aid to improve our understanding of certain dialectal forms and their distribution.

Iz zgodovine latinskega slovaropisja na Slovenskem (ob izidu Wiesthalerjevega latinsko-slovenskega slovarja)

Slovaropisje latinskega jezika je bilo na Slovenskem živo že v srednjem veku, a prve skromne zametke latinsko-slo-venskih slovarjev najdemo šele v delih slovenskih protestantov. Do 19. stoletja ni uspel noben poskus, da bi Slovenci dobili latinsko-slovenski slovar v tiskani obliki; prvi manjši slovarji, ki so dejansko tudi izšli, so nastali šele v drugi polovici 19. stoletja. Leta 1894 pa je začel pod vodstvom Frana Wiesthalerja nastajati eden največjih slovarskih projektov na Slovenskem: veliki latinsko-slovenski slovar.

Estudio del campo léxico de la vaca en gallego: el pescuezo

Abstract: A study of the semantic field ‘cow’ in Galician: ‘neck’ This article presents a sample of a broader project that has as objective its study of the names referring to the cow's appearance and certain parts of the body. I have chosen thirty lexical fields which best exemplify the different procedures that speakers follow for coining these names, and in this article I will focus on the words used to designate a cow's neck. The responses for this concept have been extracted from the materials of the Atlas Lingüístico Galego (165) and from a series of dialectal inquiries (216) carried out in 1969 by undergraduate students. A bipartite structure has been chosen for this work. In the first place, I analyze the geographic distribution of different responses in the case of this concept, categorizing each according to motive and registering these on a map. In the second place, each form is studied on an individual basis from several perspectives: etymology, morphological analysis, first recorded usage, for example. This methodology seeks to complement current work on the Atlas Lingüístico Galego and similar projects that focus on geolinguistic distribution without paying attention to the other aspects aforementioned. Eleven different lexical families (with some morphological variants) for ‘neck’ are commented on in this article. The most significant form noted is pescozo; though colo is found and also xugueira, and, less commonly: cachazo, carrolo, gorxia, marmela, moleira, nobenillo, pulmoeira, and taloeira. Though there is not a great diversity of forms, they are, nevertheless very interesting, because we can observe a number of different linguistic and semantic developments. Whereas pescozo – the standard word for ‘neck’ and reflex of a Latin construction *cocciu (cocciu ‘trough, sink’: the semantic link is clear, comparing a curved sink to the curvature of the neck) – is known throughout the whole territory, the other forms are each limited to a particular zone. We have descendants of Lat. collu ‘neck’, but only in the northern part of Galicia; as to the form caluga, Galician and Asturian dialectal data show that the etymological explanation suggested by Corominas is unacceptable, as this form must be connected to the family of reflexes of Lat. collu. We also find a term based on xugo ‘yoke’, a farming implement referring directly to the bovine's neck; xugueira is also a frequent appellation with reference to an ‘injured neck’. A southern form, cachazo, continues in the Portuguese linguistic domain, a term of disputed origin, possibly from cacho/a ‘mass of meat in a part of the body’. The etymology of carrolo is also undecided. Finally, there are a number of isolated responses and comments, each of which have been studied individually and compared to different data collected from dictionaries, databases, other dialectal research, etc. As a result of this, I have determined that: a) some forms are really references not to the neck but to a neighbouring part of the body: gorxia, moleira, marmela; b) some constitute references to a disease that can affect the neck: nobenillo, pulmoeira; and c) two forms remain that currently have not so far been satisfactorily explained: corpozo, taloeira. In the course of the article, I demonstrate the importance of dialectal data in refuting a number of etymological hypotheses and the usefulness of lexicographical material as an aid to improving our understanding of certain dialectal forms. The need to look at neighbouring linguistic zones in order to arrive at a better analysis of the data also emerges clearly from the work.

Prai Bartolomeren hiztegiaz zertxobait: L.M. Mujikaren "Euskal Errijetaco Olgueeta... obraren azterketa fonetikoa"-ren inguruan

This essay reviews and criticises the article writen by Luis Mari Mujika on one of the works of the Biscayan writer Fray Bartolome de Santa Teresa; through a detailed study of the data used by Mujika, and the value assigned to the data in the article, it is shown that, among other things, the author in question was unable to understand correctly the dialect and usus scribendi of the work he was studying, and in addition made limited use, or none at all, of the lexicographical material and current philological techniques that were at his disposal.

Complete Word-Indexes to J. van den Vondel's 'Bespiegelingen van Godt en Godtsdienst' and 'Lucifer', with Ranking Lists of Frequencies, Reverse Indexes and Rhyming Indexes

The Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre was established in the University of Cambridge in 1964. The work of the Centre was concentrated on the production of word-indexed, concordances and lexico-graphical materials in several languages for scholars with literary and philological interests. The present volume contains a complete word-index, a ranking list of frequencies, a reverse index and a rhyming index to both Bespiegelingen van Godt and Godtsdienst and Lucifer by Joost van den Vondel (1587 1679), the Dutch poet and dramatist. Bespiegelingen, a long verse work (66531 words), contains a rationale of the doctrine underlying many of Vondel's best-known dramatic works. Because of this, and due to its length and the monumental development of its argument it has been comparatively little studied, Bespiegelingen presented ideal material for analysis by computer. Lucifer, generally considered to be Vondel's masterpiece, was an obvious choice to head the list of original plays.

Early New England Words

HE American colonists were almost as prolific in diaries as in ser1 mons. I know of about 2500 diaries written before l800.1 In New England, this type of journalism was practised by the nearly-illiterate almost as much as by the cultured colonists. It would seem that when a colonist was called out to a scouting expedition or journey or to a scrap with the Indians or French, he thought first not of his arms but of his writing materials. So early did the habit of journalism begin in this country. These diaries constitute an excellent body of varied writing, most of it strongly colloquial. It is admirable material for the study of the layers of early American speech and of the development of the English language in the New World, as well as of general English usage. In the course of surveying colonial diaries for an anthology and historical account of them, I made notes of various linguistic usages which seemed to be interesting in diaries written in New England before 1750. When the lexicographical notes were checked with the Oxford English Dictionary, the English Dialect Dictionary and the Dictionary of American English scx far as it has been published, there proved to be a fair number which were interesting because they either were unrecorded in the dictionaries, or were early usages or late usages, or early examples of Americanisms. The most generally interesting of these are listed below. To them I have appended brief notes on some slang terms and colloquialisms which I found in the same diaries; and although these terms are of no great value to lexicography, they have yet some interest as being among the earliest slang terms used in America. I do not imagine that I gathered more than a small proportion of the lexicographical material in the diaries; and the following list does not even exhaust my own notes, as I have omitted many words commonly used in English dialects. The purpose o£ this paper is little more than to indicate the linguistic value of the colonial diaries and to urge their further and more thorough exploitation.