Lexicogrammatical Level Research Articles

PROSODY OF THE ADDRESSING IN FRENCH POLITICAL SPEECH

Political speech (hereinafter PS) is a monological public speech of a political figure, which relies on a written text, the informative component of which is created at the lexico-grammatical level by the speechwriter, and the task of the politician is to ensure that the information is adequately understood by the listening audience. One way of doing this is to reduce the distance between the speaker and the audience. To achieve this “understanding”, the speaker uses the opportunities provided by the oral channel of communication both at the verbal level - the means of phonetic expression that create the prosody of the address - and at the non-verbal level - from body posture to gestures and eye expressions. In linguistics and psycholinguistics the synergetic interaction between prosody and kinesics is increasingly discussed today. How is this interaction realised in PS and what is its effectiveness? Is it possible to consider the realised PS as a multimodal speech utterance? In order to answer these questions this article examines the current approaches to the study of French PS presented in corpus linguistics [Goldman et al., 2009; Simon et al., 2010, 2013] and interdisciplinary linguistics [Kibrik, 2018; Guaïtella, 2014] and discusses the relevance of their results to describe the prosody of address as a strategic component of PS.

IDEOLOGY IN INDONESIAN POLITICAL PARTY ANTHEMS: A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS AT THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL LEVEL

Political parties are a forum for Indonesian people from various ideological backgrounds as channels for the aspirations of a pluralistic society. The party's ideology is embodied in the vision and mission that the party aspires to when domination is obtained after the General Election is held. In this research, the anthem lyrics of the top three political parties, based on the 2019 legislative elections, were taken as the data and studied through a stylistic approach at the lexicogrammatical level to figure out the ideology in the realization of the vision and mission of the political parties. The method of the analysis applied descriptive qualitative through transitivity analysis in order to reveal the lexical and grammatical construction in the lyric. The typical processes used in each anthem characterized the cognitive frame of how the political parties set their vision and orientation towards the nation goals. It was found that the use of stylistic devices came in low frequency, including epizeuxis, parallelism, imagery, metaphor, symbolism, asyndeton and anaphora. The construction of clauses in the anthem lyrics has a significant impact in expressing the goals of political parties ideologically, so that the results of this study are expected to be an alternative reference that provides a paradigm for the voting community during the election period

Ценностные доминанты южнокорейской лингвокультуры и их языковая репрезентация

The paper addresses the problem of considering values as an integral condition for the existence of language, the cultural context in which language operates and manifests itself. Language, which is inextricably linked with culture and, accordingly, with the values shared by its speakers, is the most important culture-forming element recording the significance of spiritual and material objects of the world for an individual native speaker and for society as a whole. The research aims to identify the linguistic means of verbalisation of the values of South Korean linguoculture in the Korean language system (at the lexico-grammatical level). The paper is novel in that it is the first to carry out a linguistic study that addresses the lexical and grammatical means of activating the values of linguoculture in line with the axiological approach; moreover, it is the first time that such a study has been carried out using the material of the Korean language. There are still a number of unresolved issues in linguistics related to the nature and essence of values, which indicates the lack of a unified methodological basis for the study of the phenomenon of values. The paper is important in terms of trying to fill in this gap and identify markers that allow Korean language learners to “see” the language through the lens of the values underlying communication in Korean. As a result, the main value dominants of South Korean culture, which are reflected in the language system at the lexical and grammatical levels (realia, specific personal addresses and pronouns; softened expression of an actor, passive constructions, unique specificity of the stylistic execution of an utterance depending on communication conditions), have been identified.

«Суверенитет» как медиакогнитивная категория современного политического дискурса

Introduction. The article is devoted to the research of the media cognitive category "sovereignty" in the modern political discourse. The political narratives were the study material. They were taken in the amount of 980 documents from the official online newspaper Kommersant of 2021-2022.
 The aim of the article is linguistic and discourse modeling of the media cognitive category "sovereignty" in the modern political discourse.
 Methodology and research methods. Adhering to the traditional three-term division into discursive, communicative and lexico-grammatical levels of description for communication science, we present the communicative-discursive model “sovereignty” based on the materials of the official Russian media in 2021–2022. The article uses the research methods of linguoconceptology, linguoculturology, such as modeling concepts, methods of component lexical analysis that help to establish the seme composition of individual lexemes; and there is also lexicographic analysis.
 Results. According to the analysis, the media cognitive category "sovereignty" is represented as a multicomponent structure consisting of a certain set of elements, parts, components, although the full structure is not declared or described. This leads to the conclusion about inaccurate, deliberately distorted modeling from the media. The article shows that modern political discourse provides a field for information war and models the category "sovereignty" haphazardly, non-terminologically, replacing and obscuring the meanings of the power, state, nation, people, private industries and human livelihood. Metaphorically, the political category "sovereignty" in the official media names and tries to explain the most complex phenomena of our modern world, but it does it with a great deal of uncertainty and vagueness, maximally generalizing and masking the meanings necessary for public consciousness in order to manipulate in the information war. “Sovereignty” seems to be a kind of participant in “combat” operations of this war, it takes a certain side and has enemies and allies, it is attacked, but it, in turn, defends itself, needs protection and support. The category "sovereignty" as a tool of manipulation dictates, directs perception, makes perceive current events in a distorted way, serves as a manipulative scale of evaluation and value.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematization of various aspects of the representation of the sovereignty category as a fragment of the world's political picture.
 The practical significance of the study lies in the use of modeling methods for various text-discursive fragments in the communicative and linguo-discursive aspects, which is aimed at clarifying existing models and constructing and interpreting the latest ones.

SPEECH ACTS OF CONTROL IN ENGLISH DOMINANT PARENTAL DISCOURSE

The paper deals with typology, functioning and verbal representation of speech acts of control in English dominant parental discourse. The concept of speech acts of control has been clarified then directive of order, directive of demand, directive of prohibition and directive of warning types have been singled out. The analysis of linguistic forms of directive of order, directive of demand, directive of prohibition and directive of warning utilized by parents in dominant communication has been carried out. The analysis of the control speech acts by levels of directness in dominant parental discourse reveals the prevalence of direct mode stipulated by parental higher social position and authority. It was found out that linguistic forms of directives of order are affirmative imperative constructions and negative imperative constructions, lexico-grammatical level of directives of order are represented by imperative sentences comprising verbs that call for action completion or denote action cessation. It was revealed that when conveying categorical requirements, impolite and even disrespectful attitude, directives of order include negative-evaluative adjectives, obscene words. Linguistic expression of directives of demand are affirmative utterances containing volitional verbs. Directives of prohibition in dominant parental discourse are represented by affirmative constructions with verbs naming ban and disallowance. The category of modality is also employed for verbal representation of the directive of prohibition. The directives of warning are represented by imperative and affirmative constructions with modal verbs of obligation, negative imperative constructions and affirmative constructions with prohibitive nomination, negative constructions of egocentric character. The analysis of the lexical and syntactic means that comprise speech acts of control makes it possible to single out structural models containing addressing. This paper aims to compensate for the lacunae that are currently present in the field of English dominant parental discourse study in terms of speech act representation.

Современная военно-политическая коммуникативистика

Introduction.
 Due to the fact that modern military-political communication science deals with very contradictory both factual non-verbal and text-discursive phenomena, it seems necessary and relevant the scientific systematization of military-political terminology. The development of a unified terminological apparatus and methodological approach also needs to be clarified in modern communication science.
 The aim of the article is a communicative-cognitive and textual-discursive study of the segment of political communication science called military-political science.
 Methodology and research methods.
 Adhering to the traditional three-term division for discursive, communicative and lexico-grammatical levels of description, we present the communicative-discursive model "modern war" based on the materials of the official Russian media in 2021-2022.
 The article uses the research methods of linguoconceptology, linguoculturology, such as modeling concepts, methods of component lexical analysis that help to establish the seme composition of individual lexemes. And there is also lexicographic analysis aimed at compiling a fragment of the dictionary, which concerns modern military-political terminology.
 Results.
 The article demonstrates that the communicative-discursive fragment "war" not only forms the core of military-political communication science, but also sets many directions for interpreting and modeling the basic dominant associative-semantic components."Modern war" is presented as a hybrid, multifaceted, multicomponent, covering and connecting absolutely all spheres of human and social life, both real and virtual. It is the latter that transforms war into a cruel game, where certain actions are carried out in a false, illusory space according to easily violated rules.
 Interpretation and modeling of modern military-political discourse creates a communicative-cognitive base for a correct understanding of real events, excludes the possibility of manipulating public consciousness, excludes the possibility of effective information and propaganda wars, and therefore serves as a powerful methodological tool for verifying the modern most complex information field.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in the systematization of the structure and content of the terminological system of military-political communication science as a section of political communication science and communication science in general.
 The practical significance of the study lies in the use of modeling methods for various text-discursive fragments in the communicative aspect, which is aimed at clarifying existing models and constructing and interpreting the latest ones.

Historical explanations in the Rettig Report: The role of interpersonal grammatical metaphors

This article explores different realizations of modality meanings in Spanish written language and their contribution to dialogic positionings in the field of the historical explanations provided in The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report (1991) regarding human rights violations during Pinochet’s dictatorship in Chile (1973–1990). From an ideological, socio-semiotic perspective anchored in the theoretical framework provided by Systemic Functional Linguistics, the analysis focuses on congruent and metaphorical expressions of modality in the text and their contribution to authors’ positionings as organized in the system of engagement, considering, at the lexicogrammatical level, the place of modality in the interpersonal, ideational, and logical structure of the clause. The analysis shows the productive role of a range of realizations of modality meanings in the discourse to construe an interpretation of a conflicting, traumatic recent past and to present and validate the authorial voice regarding its mission and actions. An outline of grammatical interpersonal metaphors of modality for Spanish written language is also presented.

Homogenized literary co-translation: A Hero Born and A Bond Undone

Abstract Although co-translation has received considerable scholarly attention recently, how co-translated texts converge and diverge stylistically, and how co-translators affect translated texts and each other remain under-researched. Based on two specialized corpora, this paper innovatively employs L2SCA and MAT to investigate the various stylistic and linguistic features of A Hero Born (translated by Anna Holmwood) and A Bond Undone (translated by Gigi Chang), English translations of the two consecutive volumes of “射雕英雄传” (shè diāo yīng xióng zhuàn), a Chinese wuxia novel by Jin Yong. It then explores the dynamics of collaboration between the two translators in translating and promoting Jin Yong's wuxia novels, based on interview records, email exchanges, and public discourses. The study reveals that the two translations are homogenized to a considerable degree and at various syntactic and lexico-grammatical levels, and that the two translators' discourses concerning Jin Yong's wuxia are also essentially identical. These similarities are attributed to several factors. In particular, Holmwood, as the principal translator and co-literary agent of the translation project, has played a dominant role and has put her “fingerprints” on Chang's translation, thus considerably smoothing out stylistic divergences of their translated texts. The two translators have deftly co-projected Jin Yong's wuxia as modern, cosmopolitan, and entertaining, thus facilitating the reception of their translations. This study sheds new light on the dynamics of collaboration between literary translators and contributes to the research methodology of translation style.

К ВОПРОСУ О ТИПОЛОГИИ БЕЛЬГИЙСКИХ ГЛАГОЛОВ

He article deals with the peculiarities of Belgian verbs at different levels of the linguistic system. The author focuses on the analysis of four types of verbs: verbs not used in France, such as borrowings from the Dutch language; archaic verbs; verbs that function in France, but have a different form of expression, and verbs that are used in France, but are used in other syntactic constructions. Belgian verbs are studied in various constructions, the most common of which correspond to transitive/non-transitive models with a subject and a direct object. As a result of this study, the author concludes that the Belgian national version of French differs from the French of the metropolis, and that these differences manifest themselves at the lexico-grammatical and syntactic levels of the language system.

Critical Discourse Analysis and Rhetorical Tropes in Donald Trump’s First Speech to the UN

Language and politics go hand in hand and learning and comprehending political genre is to learn a language created for codifying, extending and transmitting political discourse in any text/talk. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Fairclough’s CDA and Rhetoric, the current study aims at investigating Donald Trump’s First Speech, from the point of frequency and functions of some rhetorical strategies (Parallelism, Anaphora and the Power of Three, Antithesis and Expletive, etc.), Nominalization, Passivization, We-groups and Modality as well as Lexical and Textual Analysis, presented to the UN delivered on Sep. 19, 2017. Specifically, the study seeks to determine: (1) how President Trump succeeded in conveying his notions and assumptions to his intended audience, and in convincing and negotiating, (2) how he attempted to explicitly and implicitly pass his attitudes on his targets, and (3) how those orientations, intended notions and assumptions were seamlessly presented to his addressees in discoursal and lexico-grammatical levels; (4) and finally in this underlying trend how he achieved his own ends. The results of the study hope to enhance reading comprehension and writing in academic registers for EFL/ESL students.

PECULIARITIES OF TRANSFERRING SYNTACTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING MODALITY OF A FICTION TEXT IN INTER-SEMIOTIC TRANSLATION

The article analyzes the peculiarities of construction and functioning of modal constructions present in the works of world classics. Attention is paid to the specifics of the presentation of accompanying educational texts, at the syntactic level cannot convey subjective-modal and objective-modal aspects of artistic imagery in the presentation of a brief content and descriptive characteristics by means of inter-semiotic translation. It is noted that Ukrainian linguists traditionally support the approach to the analysis of syntactic categories, according to which the general syntactic structure of the Slavic sentence is considered as a complex unity of syntactic relations. It is illustrated that on the grammatical level modality is expressed by actual, imperative, conditional verbs, and is realized, respectively, in narrative, inducement, and negative sentences. At the lexico-grammatical level both modal words and modal verbs are used to express modality. Keywords: modality, syntax, construction, subjective-modal, objective-modal, modal meaning, objectivity, irreality, interlinguistic translation, inter-semiotic translation.

Mood and Modality Analyses in Investigating Ideology of News About Indonesia in BBC World Webnews

The primary aim of this study is to investigate the influence of ideology on news. The goals are to determine the interpersonal characteristics of the text and to link them to the ideologies that they can realize. The clause's mood structure is the means by which the fundamental differences are realized at the lexicogrammatical level within the contextual register variable of Tenor. Specifically, participants in an interaction encode their perception (or at least their ostensible perception) of both their relationships with others and the social and situational sense in which the interaction takes place through choices of mood elements such as topic and finite. There is a close complementarily between mood and modality and it is for this reason that the two systems have been analyzed together. Finally, the findings relate to the overall meaning-making and ideology-conveying resources of the text as a whole. The selected webnews consist in a set of texts. They were English articles with the general purpose to observe how Indonesian was portrayed in the BBC International Website or by the world.

Applying semantic gravity wave profiles to develop undergraduate students’ academic literacy

Abstract This study draws on Legitimation Code Theory (LCT), particularly semantic gravity waving, as a strategy for academic literacies practitioners to conceptualise how knowledge in their field might be organised and presented. Students can be guided to notice meanings related to context-dependency at the discourse and lexico-grammatical levels through the presentation of semantic gravity waving profiles. For this study, semantic gravity waving profiles have been found useful for explaining the rationale of a genre pedagogy approach, the structure of an Introduction-Method-Results-Discussion (IMRD) genre, and teaching both lexical coherence for a theoretical framework section, and accurate use of determiners with non-count abstract nouns such as “research”. Therefore, semantic gravity profiling seems to provide explanatory power as a pedagogical tool in the classroom. Findings from a mixed method survey with sixty students as well as extracts from student texts before and after semantic gravity waving profile pedagogical interventions are provided.

Linguistic personality of Ivan Franko in the matrimonial directive discourse

The purpose of this article is to reveal specific features of the realization of the linguistic personality of I. Franko in the matrimonial directive discourse. The source base for the analysis was I. Franko’s letters to O. Khoruzhynskaya. The analysis of I. Franko's linguistic personality done within a cognitive-discursive paradigm, using discourse-analysis, intent-analysis, contextual analysis, methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive method. Іt was established that the intension of directive in the speech of I. Franko was aimed at the expression of advice, requests and questions. The writer seeks a positive settlement at regulating his wife’s health problems, her life and scientific work, financial issues. It also prompts the wife to take care of oneself and children, to perform / not to perform certain actions towards him / other persons, to write a work or to engage in literary activities of family’s acquaintances. I. Franko asks wife to determine his further actions in certain everyday situations. The question is a means of getting new information about the wife's daily affairs, the children’s health state, domestic problems, weather conditions, common friends or the reasons for the absence of letters from his wife. I. Franko uses a question for reconciling family planning. Linguistic means: declarative, imperative and interrogative / interrogative-imperative sentences, verbs of the imperative / conditional mood, imperative verbs together with the infinitive / negative particle not, the verb ask in the 1st person singular, personal pronouns, adverbs, restrictive / emphatic particles and exclamation, etc. Complex sentences provide expressions of incentives and their argumentation. The speech is characterized by obsolete / colloquial words, dialecticisms, polonizms, russisms and chekhisms. The writer uses phraseologisms, metaphors, similes, words in figurative meaning. Terms of endearment and means of expressing courtesy show favor to the addressee. Consequently, the directive discourse ensures the realization of Ivan Franko’s linguistic personality in family communication on the motivational, linguistic-cognitive and lexico-grammatical levels.

Text-linguistic approaches to register variation

AbstractDouglas Biber, Regents’ Professor of Applied Linguistics at Northern Arizona University, authors this article exploring the connections between register and a text-linguistic approach to language variation. He has spent the last 30 years pursuing a research program that explores the inherent link between register and language use, including at the phraseological, grammatical, and lexico-grammatical levels. His seminal bookVariation across Speech and Writing(1988, Cambridge University Press) launched multi-dimensional (MD) analysis, a comprehensive framework and methodology for the large-scale study of register variation. This approach was innovative in taking a text-linguistic approach to characterize language use across situations of use through the quantitative and functional analysis of linguistic co-occurrence patterns and underlying dimensions of language use. MD analysis is now used widely to study register variation over time, in general and specialized registers, in learner language, and across a range of languages. In 1999, theLongman Grammar of Spoken and Written English(Biber et al.) became the first comprehensive descriptive reference book to systematically consider register variation in describing the grammatical and lexico-grammatical patterns of use in English. Douglas Biber’s quantitative linguistic research has consistently demonstrated the importance of register as a predictor of language variation. In his own words, “register always matters” (Gray 2013: 360, Interview with Douglas Biber,English Language & Linguistics).

The Explicit and Implicit Authorʼs Voice in the Rhetorical Structure of Abstracts in English and Serbian

This paper aims to analyse the impact of linguistic, disciplinary, and cultural context on the properties of research paper abstracts in mechanical engineering and social sciences written in English and Serbian. Lexico grammatical properties were analysed by comparing the use of personal and impersonal forms and their distribution in rhetorical macrostructures (Swales 2005). All abstracts in the corpus are predominantly impersonal, with the absence of personal pronouns referring to the authors and prevailing passive structures in mechan­ical engineering abstracts. Therefore, the results confirm that the standardised rhetorical structure of mechanical engineering abstracts is reflected at the lexico-grammatical level. On the other hand, social science abstracts in English contain a great number of inanimate agentive forms, which help the authors to present their work in an indirect manner. Namely, these phrases can serve as indicators of disciplinary, as well as linguistic, differences that may be of use to Serbian authors when they want to write in English.

Models of narration in literary texts for children (case study of Norman Lindsay’s fairy tale “The Magic Pudding”)

The research focuses on reconstruction of the model of narration “Merry-go-round” in Norman Lindsay’s fairy tale “The Magic Pudding” and revealing lexical, grammatical, semiotic means of its actualization in the text. It is believed that narration refers to the concrete and directly visible way in which a story is told, comprising word choice, sentence length and narrating agent. The model of narration is realized as a cognitive and linguistic construal which we represent as an abstract schema. The model of narration “Merry-go-round” is inbuilt into the narrative structure of the text. The semantics of the name of the model taken from different thesaurus sources: etymological, synonymous and definitional correlates with the name of the game and enables us to reveal typical features of the word and main characteristics of the game itself: it is something pleasant and funny for children, it moves round, has circular movements. Circular fast movements of merry-go-round correlate to the description of its movements in narrative situations in the fairy tale i.e. the repetition of adventures of main characters. On lexico-grammatical level circular movement is actualized via motion verbs. Text illustrations of the fairy tale serve as semiotic means of realization funny circular movements. It is claimed that such narrative structure of the text subconsciously activates in a child’s mind his/her knowledge, memories, emotions connected with the play Merry-go-round and as a result makes a child get interested in a fairy tale and keeps him/her engaged in the development of the plot.

Coherence in Hong Lou Meng and its English translations: an exploratory investigation

Coherence can be studied from both logical and textual perspectives in systemic functional linguistics. The logical and textual metafunctions together contribute to the coherence of a text. Coherence is realized through clause complexes and cohesive chains at the lexicogrammatical level from the logical and textual meanings. Clause complex reflects the logical development of the text, while cohesive chains are the threads of a coherent text. The clauses that are involved in cohesive chains take a more important role in forming a coherent text than others, and thus have the potential to reveal the features of coherence realization.This research aims to explore the realization of coherence in a Chinese novel Hong Lou Meng and its two English translations, The Dream of the Red Mansions (by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang) and The Story of the Stone (by David Hawkes), or more specifically, the distribution of logico-semantic types in both the Chinese (ST) and the English texts (TT). The research shows that there are both similarities and differences between the ST and the TTs on the one hand, and between the TTs on the other, and that the differences are related to the styles of translators.

Author’s editor revisions to manuscripts published in international journals

English as Additional Language (EAL) scholarly writers have to overcome numerous obstacles to meet the expectations of editors and peer reviewers before they can publish their research articles in international journals published in English. A number of shapers (Burrough-Boenisch, 2003) are often involved in revising such articles before their eventual publication. This study focuses on the revision changes made by an author’s editor to a corpus of such articles leading up to their eventual publication. Based on textual analysis of the early drafts and published manuscripts of 15 SCI-indexed journal articles by Chinese doctoral students, a double-entry coding scheme was developed to describe 5160 revision changes made to the manuscripts, in terms of five types of revision, i.e., substitution, correction, addition, deletion, and rearrangement, and four different lexico-grammatical levels, i.e., morpheme, word, group and clause/clause complex. With the exception of correction, a category which applies to surface-level errors (which do not affect meaning), and is the second most frequent category of changes, all of the other categories represent changes which often substantially alter the meanings of the texts and which involve negotiation between the editor and the writer. The theoretical and pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed with reference to previous studies focusing on revision changes and to debates concerning English as a Lingua Franca franca and World Englishes.

A Relational Account of the Spanish Noun Phrase

I aim to show that the Spanish Noun Phrase is a network of relationships. More specifically, I aim to show that the structure and the function of the Spanish Noun Phrase can be described and explained by Lamb's relational networks. In fact, relational networks notation allow us not only to describe the Spanish Noun Phrase, but also to elucidate some features that are not elucidated by a description in words or in linear notation: they allow us to understand that the choice of a concrete grammatical structure is determined by the choice of the meanings that will be communicated. The Spanish Noun Phrase is a complex syntactic structure whose account in relational terms helps us to understand how the necessity of expressing certain meanings determines lexicogrammatical choices. Within the linguistic network, the nections at the lexicogrammatical level are connected to certain nections at the sememic level, and the activation of such sememic nections is what determines the activation of certain lexicogrammatical nections. Since relational networks show that grammatical structures are determined by meaning, the account developed in this paper reinforces the idea that Relational Network Theory is compatible with Systemic Functional Linguistics.