Leverage Variables Research Articles

PENGARUH LEVERAGE, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR PERDAGANGAN BESAR DAN ECERAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2019-2023

This study aims to determine the effect of leverage, company size, and independent commissioners as independent variables on tax avoidance as the dependent variable. The object of this research is all wholesale and retail trade subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The number of samples obtained was 17 companies using purposive sampling technique. This study uses secondary data in the form of financial statement data of wholesale and retail trade subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique uses multiple regression analysis methods processed with SPSS. The results showed (1) the leverage variable has no effect on tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.125 > from 0.05. (2) the firm size variable affects tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.003 < of 0.05. (3) the independent commissioner variable has no effect on tax avoidance with a significance value of 0.724 > from 0.05.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Energi, Bahan Baku dan Industri yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The researcher's objective is to analyze debt, company size, and sales growth on tax avoidance. The population of this study is energy, raw materials, and industrial subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2022. This study uses purposive sampling technique for sampling so that there are 89 companies that meet the data determination requirements. Company data that was sampled as many as 89 is panel data. So the number of samples during 2020-2022 is 3x89 = 267 companies. The result is that the leverage variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, the company size variable has no effect on tax avoidance, and the sales growth variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.

The Effect of Tax Planning, Leverage, and Profitability on Firm Value in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia Year 2019-2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Tax Planning, Leverage and Profitability on Company Value in the Consumer Goods Industry Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023. The population in this study is the Consumer Goods Industry Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange as many as 51 companies with a research period of 5 years (2019-2023) and obtained a research sample of 17 companies, using purposive sampling method. Based on the results of the t test, it can be seen that the t count on the Tax Planning variable is -1.774 < t table of 1.664 with a probability of t, namely sig 0.08> 0.05. Based on this value, the Tax Planning variable has no effect and is significant to the Company's Value. t test results can be seen that the t count on the Tax Planning variable is -1.774 < t table of 1.664 with a probability of t, namely sig 0.08> 0.05. Based on this value, the Tax Planning variable has no effect and is significant to the Company's Value. In the Leverage variable of -2.189 < 1.664 with a probability t, namely sig 0.03 < 0.05. Based on this value, the leverage variable has a negative and significant effect on firm value. On the profitability variable of 3.184> 1.664 with a probability t, namely sig 0.02 <0.05. Based on this value, the profitability variable has a positive and significant effect on firm value.

Pengaruh Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Tekstil dan Garmen yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2019-2022

The “purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between profitability and the variables of liquidity, leverage, and firm size. Information for this study came from textile and garment businesses that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2019 and 2022. The purposive sampling technique was used to do the sampling. The following tests are employed for data analysis: Multiple Regression Analysis, Hypothesis Testing, Descriptive Statistics, and Classical Assumption Test. This study's findings demonstrate that ROA is significantly impacted by liquidity (CR), leverage (DER), and firm size (LnTA) all at once. Profitability (ROA) is positively impacted by liquidity (CR) and leverage (DER) in textile and garment firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) in 2019-2020, while company size (LnTA) has no effect on” ROA. Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Leverage, and Company Size

Pengaruh Leverage Melalui Investment Opportunity Set terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Industri Pertanian di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2018-2021

The aim of this research is to test and determine the effect of Leverage through Investment Opportunity Set on Company Values in the Agricultural Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The analysis tool used in this study is SmartPLS Analysis. The result shows that the leverage variable has no significant and positive effect on the company values. It also has no significant and negative effect on Investment Opportunity Set. However, the Investment Opportunity Set variable has a significant and positive effect on company values. It is unable to mediate the effect of the leverage variable on the company value in the agricultural based-industries recorded in the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period

Does Company Size Moderation the Influence of Financial Performance and Good Corporate Governance Toward Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure?

This study aims to determine the influence of profitability, leverage, size of board commissioners, and size of Sharia supervisory board on Islamic social reporting disclosure with company size as a moderation variable in Sharia commercial banks for the 2017-2022 period. The sample was determined using the purposive sampling method. The analysis method used was moderated regression analysis (MRA). The tools used are SPSS. The results of the study partially show that profitability (ROE), leverage (DER), and size of board commissions (UDK) do not affect Islamic social reporting (ISR) disclosure.Meanwhile, the size of the Sharia Supervisory Board (UDPS) affects the disclosure of Islamic social reporting (ISR). Company Size (SIZE) is not able to moderate the influence of the variables of profitability (ROE), leverage (DER), and Size of board commissioners (UDK) on the variables of Islamic social reporting (ISR). Meanwhile, company size (SIZE) can moderate the influence of the Size of Sharia Board Commissioners (UDPS) on Islamic social reporting (ISR). Large banks will need more workers, including the Sharia Supervisory Board, so they can follow Sharia principles in carrying out their activities; the goal is to gain public trust to conduct transactions at Islamic commercial banks.

Pengaruh Struktur Kepemilikan, Leverage dan Return On Asset (ROA) Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Dibursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2021-2023

This research aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, ownership structure, leverage, and Return On Assets (ROA) on dividend policy in companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2021-2023 period. Dividend policy is an important decision for a company in determining the allocation of profits that will be distributed to shareholders and those that will be retained for investment purposes. Liquidity reflects a company's ability to meet short-term obligations, while ownership structure highlights the role of shareholders and managers in decision making. Leverage, which indicates the use of debt in financing, and ROA, as an indicator of profitability, are also considered important factors influencing dividend policy. This research differs from previous research with the addition of leverage variables as well as differences in population, sample and research period. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence dividend policy and its implications for company value.

DOES FIRM SIZE HAVE A MODERATING EFFECT ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS? EVIDENCE: INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

This study aims to gather more systematic and complete information about factors that affect financial distress. This study's testing is based on secondary data, with a purposive sample of 41 samples collected overall. With the use of the eviews 12 software package, the data analysis in this study employs logistic regression and moderated regression analysis. The study's findings demonstrate the importance of leverage and liquidity, but not the importance of profitability or firm size. However, the business size has no effect on the profitability variable; only the liquidity and leverage variables are affected. The variables related to liquidity and leverage yielded the most significant findings.

ANALISIS PENGARUH OPERATING CASH FLOW, PROFITABILITAS, SALES GROWTH, FIRM SIZE, DAN LEVERAGE TERHADAP PREDIKSI KONDISI FINANCIAL DISTRESS

The phenomenon of PKPU (Application for Insolvency and Delayed Debt Payment) on some issuers in the IDX appears to indicate financial problems (financial distress). The research was conducted to test and analyze the impact of operating cash flow, profitability, sales growth, firm size, and leverage on the prediction of financial distress conditions in sub-sector companies heavy construction and civil engineering registered in the IDX in 2020-2022. The sampling techniques used are purposive samplings with samples obtained of 60 data. The quantitative method is used in this study through an associative approach using secondary data as well as using double linear analysis with the SPSS version 22 test tool. The results of this study show that the profitability variables with proxy return on asset have a significant impact on financial distress, while the operating cash flow, sales growth, firm size, and leverage variables of proxy debt to asset ratio have no influence on financial stress. The implications of this study are expected to inform investors to always do financial analysis first before making decisions in the heavy construction and civil engineering subsectors.

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Firm Size, Profitability, Leverage and Earning Persistence on Company Value

The study aims to test the effect of CSR, firm size, profitability, leverage and earning persistence on company value. The study was conducted primary consumer companies in food and beverage subsector listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period 2019-2022. Sample selection in this study used the method of purposive sampling and obtained 25 samples. Data used in research is quantitative obtained from secondary data using unbalance data. Test results using the SPSS 26 analytical tool. This study shows that CSR variables, firm size, and earnings persistence have no effect on company value, while profitability and leverage variables have a positive effect on company value. This research contributes to corporate management on the importance of company value in the business.

The Effect of Corporate Sustainability Performance Moderated by Liquidity, Stock Price Volatility, Institutional Ownership, And Concentrated Ownership On Profitability

This research needs to be done to develop previous studies by adding other variables, especially non-economic variables. This study aims to analyze corporate sustainability performance (CSP) controlled by company size and leverage variables on profitability moderated by liquidity, concentrated ownership, stock price volatility, institutional ownership in consumer goods companies listed on the IDX from 2018 to 2022. This study adds institutional ownership and concentrated ownership as moderating variables as well as company size and the use of debt (leverage) or loans as control variables. The sample withdrawal method in this study used a purposive sampling method of 37 companies with a total sample size of 185 with the regression results of the fixed effect model equation, and random effect. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant effect of CSP on profitability, liquidity moderates the effect of CSP on profitability, stock price volatility does not moderate the effect of CSP on profitability, concentrated ownership does not moderate the effect of CSP on profitability, institutional ownership moderates the effect of CSP on profitability and there is a significant effect of company size and debt use on profitability. Managerial implications to increase CSP and probability, the company's efforts include increasing the liquidity ratio, being more careful in taking debt and must ensure the company's ability to cover the debt. In addition, it seeks to improve performance, innovate and be responsive and sensitive to reading market opportunities

Determinant factors that impact Islamic social reporting: a study on Islamic Banking

This research aims to find out how sharia reporting is disclosed by sharia commercial banking using variable indicators such as liquidity, leverage, size of the sharia supervisory board, awards, and company size. This research was conducted on sharia banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Indonesia from 2017 to 2022. The method used in data collection was a purposive sampling method and a sample of 14 sharia banks registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) was obtained. The results show that the variables liquidity, rewards and company size have a positive and significant impact on the disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting, while the variables leverage and size of the sharia supervisory board have no effect on Islamic Social Reporting disclosure. The research concludes that to increase the impact of Islamic Social Reporting, companies need to increase current assets to maintain liquidity, obtain awards, and increase total assets as a company size. Therefore, disclosing Islamic Social Reporting at each institution is very important to attract public attention regarding the company's excellence and performance, and this disclosure can be beneficial for the company's future.

Corporate credit mismatch, financial leverage and corporate investment efficiency

We empirically test the relationship between credit mismatch and corporate investment efficiency. The study analyzes the heterogeneity of mismatch direction, corporate nature, and corporate life cycle. Results reveal that corporate credit mismatch has a significant negative impact on corporate investment efficiency; corporate financial leverage fully mediates this impact, indicating that corporations may increase their financial leverage to bridge financing gaps in cases of credit mismatch. This practice, however, may bring about greater financial risk and affect corporate investment efficiency. This study provides an important reference for enterprises and financial institutions for optimizing the financing environment, ensuring the effective allocation of financing resources, promoting the sustainable development of enterprises, thereby enhancing overall economic efficiency. This study also provides new ideas and future directions for studying corporate financing and investment behavior.

Determinans Sustainability Report, Leverage and Tax Avoidance on Financial Performance with CEO Narcissism as Moderation Variable

Financial performance analysis is the process of critically reviewing finances which involves reviewing data, calculating, measuring and providing financial solutions. Sustainability reports, leverage, tax avoidance and CEO marcissism are among the factors that influence a company's financial performance. This study examines the impact of tax avoidance, leverage, and sustainability reports on financial performance using CEO narcissism as a moderating factor. With a population of 89 companies in the metals and minerals industry, the subjects of this study are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Secondary data sources and quantitative techniques are used in this research methodology. Using SmartPLS version 3, the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach was used in the data processing procedure. The results show that although the tax avoidance variable has no influence and the CEO narcissism variable cannot mitigate the relationship between tax avoidance and financial success, the sustainability report and leverage variables have a great influence on financial performance. This research is aimed at companies operating in the metal and mineral manufacturing industry to reveal the environmental, social and economic role of society as well as the attractiveness of external parties, namely investors.

The Dynamics of Real Earnings Management: Analyzing the Effects of ROA, Company Size, and Leverage in Indonesia's Manufacturing Sector

The objective of this research is to examine the impact of ROA, company size, and leverage on REM practices in Indonesia's manufacturing business sector from 2017 to 2021. This research examines financial report data from companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange using a quantitative method with panel data analysis and multiple regression. According to the findings, the only variable that significantly affects REM is the leverage variable. However, there is no evidence that ROA or SIZE significantly affect REM. According to these results, REM practices are driven more by debt obligation pressure than by financial performance indicators or firm size within the earnings management environment. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge on earnings management strategies within the setting of Indonesian manufacturing organizations and deepens our understanding of the factors that impact REM. The research findings highlight the importance of financial strategy planning and earnings management in considering the impact of leverage. It also highlights that REM decisions are influenced by more complicated internal and external factors than just firm size and ROA.

OPINI AUDIT GOING CONCERN: KAJIAN BERDASARKAN LEVERAGE, KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, MODEL PREDIKSI KEBANGKRUTAN, DAN OPINI AUDIT TAHUN SEBELUMNYA

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence going concern audit acceptance. The independent variables used in this study are independent commissioners, leverage, bankruptcy prediction models, and previous year's audit opinion, while the dependent variable is the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions. The population in this study are manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. This research is quantitative by using purposive sampling method to determine the sample used in the author's research. Based on the purposive sampling method that has been used, the samples obtained were 38 companies. The analytical method used to test the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable is logistic regression. The results of this study show that the independent variables of the bankruptcy prediction model have a negative effect on the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions and the previous year's audit opinions have a positive effect on the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions, while the independent variables of independent commissioners and leverage do not affect the acceptance of going-concern audit opinions

The Effect of Leverage, Profitability, and Investment Opportunity Set on Company Value with Dividend Policy as a Moderating Variable

Corporate value is an important concept for investors in evaluating the overall performance of a company for shareholders and other stakeholders. The value of a company that is proxied to the stock price makes the company try to maximize the value of the company by maximizing the stock market price. The company's value also takes into account external factors that affect the company's performance. These are such as market conditions, industrial competition, and government regulations. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of leverage, profitability, and investment opportunity set, on the value of companies with dividend policy as a moderator. The population of this study is 719 non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2022. The selection of samples in this study was carried out using the purposive sampling method so that the number of samples in this study amounted to 204 samples. The data analysis technique uses Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of the study show that partially the variables of leverage, profitability, and investment opportunity set affect the company's value. Meanwhile, the interaction between the variables of disclosure of leverage, profitability, investment opportunity set and dividend policy variables shows that leverage, profitability, and investment opportunity set are not able to moderate the influence of leverage, profitability, and investment opportunity set on the value of companies in non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period.

Pengaruh listing age, leverage, opini audit terhadap kinerja keuangan dengan reputasi KAP sebagai variabel moderasi

This research aims to examine and determine the influence of listing age, leverage and audit opinion on financial performance with KAP reputation as a moderating variable. This research is quantitative research with financial performance as the dependent variable. Financial performance in this research is measured by ROA. The population in this study are financial industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2022-2023 period which were downloaded from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website (www.idx.co.id) and the company's official website. The population was filtered using a purposive sampling technique with the aim that the data obtained would be more representative so that the sample in this study was 105 companies that met the predetermined criteria. The research results show that the listing age and leverage variables have an effect on financial performance, while the audit opinion variable has no effect on financial performance. Furthermore, if we look at the moderating variables, then all dependent variables can influence the dependent variable. So it can also be concluded that the reputation of a public accounting firm (KAP) can strengthen the influence of the variables listing age, leverage and audit opinion on financial performance.

The Impact of Covid-19 on Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Vietnam

Earnings management (EM) is the practice of adjusting profits or earnings on financial statements at the discretion of the management. This study undertook a regression analysis of the earnings management model, with data from 300 non-financial listed companies on the Vietnamese stock exchange during the period 2016 to 2021 to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on earnings management. To estimate earnings management, compared with the original model, we add the leverage variable (LV) was used as earnings management proxy in this research. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic positively and significantly impact the earnings management of non-financial listed companies. Moreover, it was found that managers are more involved in real earnings management than accrual earnings management, implying that financially distressed firms need to reassure investors to raise more capital during the pandemic. However, there is no evidence of a trade-off between these two techniques during the pandemic compared to before the pandemic. Additionally, this study provides evidence that the model by Roychowdhury, following Cohen et al., and the performance-matched model by Jones, following Kothari et al. are more suitable for detecting EM behavior when factoring in the financial leverage (LV) variable for firms with a high debt ratio in developing countries. JEL Classification: H8, M42

The Effect of Enterprise Risk Management, Firm Size, Profitability, Leverage, and Managerial Ownership on Firm Value

The phenomenon of a Tobin's q value of less than 1 indicates a decrease in firm value. Knowing the effect of ERM (Enterprise Risk Management), firm size as proxied by ln (total assets), profitability as proxied by return on assets, leverage as proxied by debt to equity ratio, and managerial ownership on firm value by Tobin's q in conventional commercial banks listed on the IDX in 2017-2022 is the aim of the study. Quantitative methods used in this study and data analysis using SPSS 26. The number of samples is 84 data. Firm value impacted simultaneous by ERM, firm size, profitability, leverage, managerial ownership. In the partial test, firm value have no impacted by ERM and managerial ownership, the firm value has a significant negative impacted by firm size, while the firm value show results that have a significant positive impacted by profitability and leverage variables. Other variables can be added in further study such as bank health calculation ratios, including non-performing loans, so that you can get a regression model with high value.