Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

Etiopathogenetic features of bone metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus and Charcot foot

Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common diabetes mellitus complications associated with mediocalcinosis of the lower extremities, a significant decrease in feet bone mineral density, and a high incidence of cardiovascular disease. In most cases, calcium-phosphorus metabolism changes occur in patients with diabetic neuroarthropathy, or Charcot foot, when we can observe feet local osteoporosis, which in 90% of cases associated with a vessel’s calcification of the lower extremities in the majority of diabetes population. A large number of studies presented literature have demonstrated that patients with Charcot foot can have accelerated bone metabolism and increased bone resorption. Patients with Charcot foot often have crucial abnormalities in the calcium-phosphorus parameters, bone metabolism, and levels of vitamin D and its metabolites. In addition, the duration of diabetes mellitus, the degree of its compensation widely affects the development of its micro- and macrovascular complications, which could also accelerate the development of mineral and bone disorders in these types of patients. Multifactorial pathogenesis of these disorders complicates the management of patients with a long and complicated course of diabetes mellitus. This review discusses the peculiarities of vitamin D metabolism, the importance of timely diagnosis in phosphorus-calcium disorders, and the specifics of therapy in these patients. Special attention is paid to the timely diagnosis of the Charcot’s foots acute stage based on the bone marrow edema by MRI evaluation and the possibility of reducing the immobilization period.

Comparison of the Level of Vitamins A, D and E of Plasma Seminal of Azoospermia and Normozoospermia

Comparison of the Level of Vitamins A, D and E of Plasma Seminal of Azoospermia and Normozoospermia

Comparison of The Effectiveness of Thymoquinone, St. John Wort Oil and Silver Sulfadiazine in Experimental Burn Wounds.

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of thymoquinone (TQ), most important bioactive component of black cumin, St. John wort (SJW) oil, a traditional medicinal plant used in burns, and silver sulfadiazine (AgSD), well-known anti-inflammatory agent used in modern medicine, in an experimental burn rat-model. 63 Wistar-Albino rats were randomly divided into 9 groups (n=7). TQ, SJW were administered topically and systemically but AgSD was applied topically. Epithelialization, inflammatory cell response, granulation tissue, vascularization, and fibrosis were evaluated. Malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), vitamin E, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were analyzed in serum. Topical TQ accelerated theepithelialization, enabled granulation, vascularization and fibrosis in wounds (P=0.001). Topical and systemic TQ increased Vitamin-E levels (P=0.003) but reduced TOS and 8-OHdG levels (P=0.001). Topical SJW reduced granulation and vascularization. Topical and systemic SJW decreased TOS, MDA and 8-OHdG levels (P=0.001), but increased TAS (P=0.001), and Vitamin-E levels (P=0.003). Topical AgSD reduced TOS, 8-OHdG, MDA levels (P=0.001). Topical and systemic TQ demonstrated significant advantages in accelerating wound healing process, while also enhancing antioxidant defenses and reducing oxidative damage. SJW oil, particularly in topical application, improved epithelialization and antioxidant status but showed less efficacy in systemic use. AgSD, while effective in reducing oxidative stress, was less successful in promoting wound healing and appeared to delay granulation and fibrosis. TQ offers superior protective and healing benefits, SJW is effective locally but less so systemically, and AgSD should be used cautiously, potentially combined with antioxidants to mitigate its negative impact on wound healing.

27 Effects of particle size and trace mineral source on vitamin stability in premix

Abstract Trace minerals and vitamins are necessary in diets for multiple physiological processes related to structural development, catalytic and regulatory systems in the animal. They become especially important when animals are challenged. These ingredients are commonly added to commercial diets through a concentrated mix, a premix. Unfortunately, vitamins are relatively unstable, and minerals are highly reactive, leading to reduction of the vitamins by the minerals. Feeding a mineral of a different particle size can influence this mechanic, as well as a different source, for example hydroxy trace minerals. The objective of this work was to evaluate vitamin A stability in presence of different sources of trace minerals as well as premix conditions. A microcrystalline cellulose matrix was created by dissolving vitamin A in an organic solvent (IPA). A fixed amount of vitamin MCC mix was added to a sample tube per analysis, containing common premix vitamin and mineral levels. Fixed amount of moisture and antioxidant (BHT) was added to evaluate these effects. Results on the effect of moisture indicated that 10% moisture addition had a large effect on vitamin A stability, reducing it by over 50% after 11 d. Vitamin A loss in premixes containing no moisture showed no difference between MCC mixes containing no mineral and ones containing hydroxy Cu, whereas there was a significant drop in vitamin A with CuSO4. Vitamin A stability was significantly affected by a lower particle size Cu source, with CuSO4 below 75 µm showed almost full degradation after 13 d. Hydroxy Cu showed relatively low degradation for its particle size. Overall, the results showed that moisture and particle size can have a huge impact on vitamin A stability, with BHT or antioxidants only partly being able to reduce this. Feeding a higher quality trace mineral source such as hydroxy trace minerals lead to a less reactive Cu, and hence, a higher vitamin A stability.

Investigating the impact of product‐to‐package volume ratio on strawberry quality within modified humidity packaging systems

SummaryTo reduce high humidity, minimise postharvest losses and optimise packaging volume, this study examines the effects of different product‐to‐package volume ratios (G/P) in modified humidity packaging systems using perforated containers and moisture conditioning agents. Strawberries were stored at 20 °C and 50% RH for 7 days with G/P ratios of 1:24, 1:12, 1:6 and 1:4, and their sensory and physicochemical properties were evaluated. The results show that moisture‐controlled packaging effectively preserves strawberry quality compared to non‐humidified packaging. Strawberries with a G/P of 1:24 in humidified packs had the best colour, aroma and texture on day 7. Higher G/P ratios correlated with increased quality deterioration. The lowest deterioration rates were observed in the G/P 1:24 and 1:12 groups, which also had the highest levels of vitamin C (54.72 mg/100 g and 55.40 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (1.086 ΔOD g−1 and 0.966 ΔOD g−1) and flavonoids (0.748 ΔOD g−1 and 0.726 ΔOD g−1). Although hardness, TSS and TA showed no significant correlation, these parameters were better in moderate G/P groups (1:12 and 1:6). These findings suggest that combining perforation with humidifiers in packaging can enhance the storage quality of fruits and vegetables while reducing packaging costs.

Association of Salivary Vitamin D and Vitamin C Levels with Dental Caries in Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease affecting children worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between dental caries and salivary levels of vitamin D and vitamin C in children. This cross-sectional research was conducted at RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, in children between the ages of 4 and 12 years, with a sample of 60 children divided into study and control groups based on the presence or absence of dental caries. Saliva samples were collected, and levels of vitamin D and vitamin C were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 29. The results showed that children without dental caries had higher salivary vitamin D and vitamin C levels compared to those with caries. These findings highlight the potential role of these vitamins in preventing dental caries in children and support the need for public health initiatives promoting optimal oral health through appropriate dietary habits and sun exposure. The clinical significance of the study lies in its potential to inform preventive strategies and improve oral health outcomes in children. By recognizing the association between salivary vitamin levels and dental caries, healthcare professionals can take proactive steps to promote better oral health and overall well-being in children worldwide. Padmanabhan V, Islam MS, Goud M, et al. Association of Salivary Vitamin D and Vitamin C Levels with Dental Caries in Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(7):773-776.

Assessment of vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients: A case-control study

BackgroundVitamin D is an essential component of healthy bones and its deficiency is widespread in obese patients. Through our study, we aimed to look into vitamin D status in obese and non-obese patients and determine its association with hypertension, glucose levels, and lipid profiles. Patients and methodsA case-control study was laid out to compare serum Vitamin D levels between obese patients and controls. Obese patients (n= 67) over 18 years old were recruited from our Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition department between March 2018 and September 2023. Controls (n = 60) were randomly assigned and were matched for age, sex, glycated hemoglobin, ethnicity, and geographic area. The levels of Vitamin D in the serum were determined in obese patients and non-obese controls. ResultsAverage serum Vitamin D concentration was established in both groups, reaching 10,41±4,2 ng/ml in obese patients and 15,14±6,1 ng/ml in the control group. The mean serum Vitamin D was significantly lower in the obese group (p = 0,000). A positive correlation was noticed between body fat and serum Vitamin D (p < 0,05). A significant correlation between vitamin D status and glycated hemoglobin in the obese group (p = 0,047) was found, whereas it was insignificant in the control group (p = 0,966). In addition, the correlation between vitamin D, blood pressure, and body mass index was significant (p= 0.004) as well as between vitamin D and triglycerides (p= 0.015) and cholesterol (p= 0.014). ConclusionVitamin D deficiency is common in obese patients, as highlighted by our study, which is in line with other findings. This may be explained by the fact that vitamin D must be supplied at a greater volume in obese patients. A significant correlation between BMI, vitamin D, glycated hemoglobin, blood pressure, triglycerides, and total cholesterol was found. The pathophysiology behind this association is complex. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin D, adipose tissue, and the other components of metabolic syndrome.

Dynamic Changes of Active Components and Volatile Organic Compounds in Rosa roxburghii Fruit during the Process of Maturity.

Rosa roxburghii (R. roxburghii), native to the southwest provinces of China, is a fruit crop of important economic value in Guizhou Province. However, the changes in fruit quality and flavor during R. roxburghii fruit ripening have remained unknown. Here, this study investigated the changes of seven active components and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the ripening of the R. roxburghii fruit at five different ripening stages including 45, 65, 75, 90, and 105 days after anthesis. The results indicated that during the ripening process, the levels of total acid, vitamin C, and soluble sugar significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the levels of total flavonoids, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and soluble tannin significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Additionally, the content of total phenol exhibited a trend of first decreasing significantly and then increasing significantly (p < 0.05). A total of 145 VOCs were detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS at five mature stages, primarily consisting of aldehydes, alcohols, esters, and alkenes. As R. roxburghii matured, both the diversity and total quantity of VOCs in the fruit increased, with a notable rise in the contents of acids, ketones, and alkenes. By calculating the ROAV values of these VOCs, 53 key substances were identified, which included aromas such as fruit, citrus, green, caramel, grass, flower, sweet, soap, wood, and fat notes. The aromas of citrus, caramel, sweet, and wood were predominantly concentrated in the later stages of R. roxburghii fruit ripening. Cluster heatmap analysis revealed distinct distribution patterns of VOCs across five different maturity stages, serving as characteristic chemical fingerprints for each stage. Notably, stages IV and V were primarily characterized by a dominance of alkenes. OPLS-DA analysis categorized the ripening process of R. roxburghii fruit into three segments: the first segment encompassed the initial three stages (I, II, and III), the second segment corresponded to the fourth stage (IV), and the third segment pertained to the fifth stage (V). Following the variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1 criterion, a total of 30 key differential VOCs were identified across the five stages, predominantly comprising ester compounds, which significantly influenced the aroma profiles of R. roxburghii fruit. By integrating the VIP > 1 and ROAV > 1 criteria, 21 differential VOCs were further identified as key contributors to the aroma changes in R. roxburghii fruit during the ripening process. This study provided data on the changes in quality and aroma of R. roxburghii fruit during ripening and laid the foundation for the investigation of the mechanism of compound accumulation during ripening.

The importance of different forest management systems for people’s dietary quality in Tanzania

ContextA large body of literature has shown that forests provide nutritious foods in many low- and middle-income countries. Yet, there is limited evidence on the contributions from different types of forest and tree systems.ObjectivesHere, we focus on individual trees and smaller forest patches outside established forest reserves as well as different forest management systems.MethodsWe do so by combining novel high-resolution data on tree cover with 24-h dietary recall surveys from 465 women in Tanzania.ResultsWe show that people with more unclassified tree cover (i.e., individual trees and small forest patches) in their nearby surroundings have more adequate protein, iron, zinc, and vitamin A intakes. We also find that having a nearby forest under Participatory Forest Management (PFM) system is associated with higher adequacy levels of energy, iron, zinc and vitamin A. By contrast, tree cover within other types of forest (e.g., Government Forest Reserves and Government Forest Plantations) is not positively associated with people’s dietary quality.ConclusionsOur key finding is that having individual trees, smaller forest patches and/or forest under PFM in close proximity is more beneficial for people’s diets than other types of established forests. Our results highlight the nutritional importance of trees outside established forests and question the often-assumed benefits of forests if these are made inaccessible by social barriers (e.g., legislation). Finally, our results emphasize the need to distinguish between different forest management systems when studying forest-diet linkages.

Vitamin C and suicidal ideation: A cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization study

BackgroundStudies have shown that a history of suicide attempts is associated with low levels of antioxidant vitamins. However, the specific relationship between vitamin C and suicidal ideation remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin C on the development of suicidal ideation and to explore further the causal relationship using Mendelian randomization (MR). MethodsUsing the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, a comprehensive, cross-sectional, stratified survey of 28,623 participants aged 20 years and older was conducted. Suicidal ideation was assessed using item 9 of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) item. The relationship between vitamin C and suicidal ideation was revealed by weighted multiple linear regression, smooth curve fitting, hierarchical analysis, and interaction test. To determine causality, MR was performed on vitamin C and suicidal ideation. ResultsIn cross-sectional studies, all models showed a negative association between vitamin C and suicidal ideation, with a 37 % reduction in the risk of suicidal ideation for each unit increase in vitamin C in the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the association between vitamin C and suicidal ideation was stable across gender, age, education, smoking status, and marital status. In the MR study, our bivariate model showed no significant causal relationship between vitamin C and the development of suicidal ideation. ConclusionsDietary vitamin C intake was negatively associated with the development of suicidal ideation. However, genetic evidence does not support causation of these associations.

Oil polyunsaturated fatty acid composition but not tocopherol levels determine oxylipin formation in plant and algae oils during pan-frying

The oxidation of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) in plant oils results in primary oxidation products known as oxylipins. It is not known whether the mechanisms of oxidation are driven primarily by oil polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition (i.e., more double bonds resulting in more rapid oxidation) or antioxidant (tocopherol) content. The present study addressed this unknown by measuring the effects of pan-frying on LA- and ALA-derived oxylipin concentrations in plant and algae oils with different baseline fatty acid and tocopherol concentrations. Oxylipins, free fatty acids and tocopherols were quantified in algae, olive, corn, canola, and soybean oils before and after 30 minutes of pan-frying. Fatty acid epoxides and hydroxides of LA or ALA were significantly elevated after pan-frying, whereas fatty acid diols were reduced. The level of change in oxylipins was lower in low-PUFA algae and extra virgin olive oils compared to soybean, canola and corn oils (high in PUFAs). Tocopherols decreased significantly after 30 minutes of pan-frying, particularly in oils with low PUFA composition. Minor changes were observed in free fatty acids. Our findings demonstrate that oil PUFA composition is a greater determinant of lipid oxidation than tocopherol content, and that PUFAs in high LA or ALA oils may spare tocopherol oxidation by acting as free radical scavengers.

Effects of Dietary Zinc Chloride and Zinc Sulfate on Life History Performance and Hemolymph Metabolism of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Zinc is an essential micronutrient crucial in various biological processes of an organism. However, the effects of zinc vary depending on its chemical form. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the life history performances and hemolymph metabolism of Spodoptera litura exposed to different concentrations of dietary zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), utilizing two-sex life tables and untargeted metabolomics. The preadult survival rate of S. litura significantly decreased, while the preadult developmental period of S. litura was prolonged as the dietary ZnCl2 concentration increased. However, the fecundity of S. litura at 50 mg/kg dietary ZnCl2 was significantly increased. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) in S. litura in the control group (CK, no exogenous ZnCl2 or ZnSO4 added) and with 50 mg/kg dietary ZnCl2 were significantly higher than those at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg. Dietary ZnSO4 exerts a devastating effect on the survival of S. litura. Even at the lowest concentration of 50 mg/kg dietary ZnSO4, only 1% of S. litura could complete the entire life cycle. Furthermore, as the dietary ZnSO4 concentration increased, the developmental stage achievable by the S. litura larvae declined. High-throughput untargeted metabolomics demonstrated that both 100 mg/kg dietary ZnCl2 and ZnSO4 decreased the hemolymph vitamins levels and increased the vitamin C content, thereby helping S. litura larvae to counteract the stress induced by ZnCl2 and ZnSO4. Simultaneously, dietary ZnCl2 obstructed the chitin synthesis pathway in the hemolymph of S. litura, thus extending the developmental period of S. litura larvae. These results indicate that low concentrations of Zn2+ positively impact populations of S. litura, but the effectiveness and toxicity of Zn depend on its chemical form and concentration.

Alterations in serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone in patients with clinically confirmed familial hypercholesterolemia: a cross-sectional study

Background: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), an autosomal dominant disease, is associated with increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the variations in serum levels of calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) among FH patients, as these factors have been associated with an increased susceptibility to CVD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used data from Isfahan FH registry. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria was used for diagnoses of FH patients. Control group included participant with hyperlipidemia and were unlikely FH according to DLCN criteria. All biochemical parameters were measured using standard methods. Results: A total of 131 patients (mean age, 53.1 ± 12.2; male, 51.4%) were included in the analysis. Patients with FH had lower serum vitamin D level compared with control groups in unadjusted model (P= 0.028). The relationship between serum vitamin D and FH was not significant after adjustment for traditional risk factor (P= 0.184). No significant association was observed between FH and serum calcium (P= 0.886), phosphorus (P= 0.463), and PTH (P= 0.849). Besides, there was no significant association between LDL-C or total cholesterol and serum minerals in FH patients. Conclusion: This study found no significant changes in serum calcium, vitamin D, phosphorus, and PTH in patients with FH.

Degradation of Argan oils used in edible and cosmetic applications after exposure to UV light.

This study investigates for the first time the effects of UV light exposure on the chemical composition of artisanal and cold-pressed culinary and cosmetic argan oils, as well as their quality and biological activities. We ascertained the oxidative stability of both types of oil through measurements of the peroxide value, acidity, UV-spectrophotometric indexes (E232 and E270), and iodine value. Over the course of eight hours at room temperature, the impact of UV light on the breakdown of tocopherols, polyphenols, chlorophylls, and carotenoid pigments was examined. The findings showed that during photo-oxidation, acidity, peroxide value, and particular extinction coefficients (E232 and E270) gradually increased. On the other hand, a decline in the content of polyphenols, tocopherols, carotenoid, and chlorophyll was noted. Interestingly, iodine levels failed to improve. Although after an eight-hour degradation, the physicochemical profile of argan oils remained exceptional. DPPH• (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity tests showed a gradual decrease in radical inhibition over time, which was attributed to lower levels of tocopherol and polyphenol. However, roasted oils showed antifungal action against Botrytis cinerea fungus, while Argan vegetable oils showed no activity against Escherichia coli, Microbacterium resistens, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Raoultella ornithinolytica, according to antimicrobial assays.

Clinical Characteristics, Nutritional Status, and Disease Severity in Pediatric Patients with COVID-19

Background: Limited clinical data are available regarding the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on children. Objective: This study assessed the clinical characteristics, nutritional status, and disease severity in pediatric patients with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective study examined medical records of children with COVID-19 admitted to Abuzar Hospital (Ahvaz, Iran) for six months. Data related to their clinical, nutritional status and demographic characteristics were documented. Results: This study included medical records of 500 patients. More than half of them were boys. Different levels of COVID-19 severity were observed in 202, 172, and 126 children as mild, moderate, and severe cases, respectively. Children with severe or moderate COVID-19 had substantially elevated levels of various inflammatory markers, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), neutrophils, alanine transaminase (ALT), creatinine, bilirubin, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) compared to those with mild COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.001). They had lower levels of lymphocytes and vitamin D, as well as longer hospital stays than children with mild COVID-19 (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, 52% and 40.2% of patients had malnutrition and anemia, respectively. The majority of underweight and stunted children had moderate or severe COVID-19. Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of malnutrition, anemia, insufficient levels of vitamin D, elevated levels of inflammatory markers, and abnormal liver and kidney function tests in children with severe or moderate cases of COVID-19 compared to those with mild COVID-19.

Correlation of Vitamin D Levels with Severity of Asthma in Children Between 6 to 12 Years

Background: Millions of children worldwide suffer from chronic asthma, a serious respiratory disease that has a major influence on everyday living and health outcomes. There are significant public health concerns regarding the estimated 10-15% frequency of asthma in children in India. Vitamin D, which is recognized for its immunomodulatory qualities, according to recent studies reduces the severity. In this study, children aged 6 to 12 years old's vitamin D levels and the severity of their asthma were examined. Materials and Methods: At a tertiary care teaching hospital, 100 children between the ages of 6 and 12 who were presenting with acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma were the subjects of a prospective cohort study from August 2021 to August 2022. ELISA was used to evaluate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, and the GINA recommendations were used to determine the severity of asthma. Based on their levels of vitamin D, the kids were divided into three groups: sufficient (&gt;30 ng/mL), insufficient (20–30 ng/mL), and deficient (&lt;20 ng/mL). Children who were deficient in vitamin D were given supplements and monitored for three months. With SPSS 27, statistical analysis was carried out. Findings: The results of the study showed a strong correlation between increased asthma severity and inadequate asthma control and reduced vitamin D levels. Children with the most acute and uncontrollably asthmatic episodes were those with low vitamin D levels (&lt;20 ng/mL). Significant improvements in asthma control, decreased activity limits, and decreased need for rescue medication were noted after three months of vitamin D administration. Conclusion: This study shows a clear link between children's asthma control issues and higher asthma severity when there is a vitamin D Deficiency. Supplementing with vitamin D significantly improved asthma outcomes, indicating a possible therapeutic role for this nutrient. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are recommended to validate these findings and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

The role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Iraqi Osteoporosis Patients

Background: Osteoporosis is a common condition that occurs in bone leading to the loss of bone mass. It is caused by increased osteoclast activity which is differentiated by low bone density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Objective: This study aimed to estimate the levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX4), Alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D in Iraqi osteoporosis patients diagnosed by DEXA. Methods: A total of 88 volunteers were split into two groups for this investigation. There were 58 patients in group 1 and 30 controls in group 2 , the samples were taken from both sexes of range age (20-60) years, the levels of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Vitamin D, and NOX 4 were evaluated. NADPH oxidase 4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Alkaline phosphates levels were measured using a spectrophotometer, and the concentration of vitamin D was measured by electrochemiluminescence binding assay using Cobas e 411. Whereas the T-score was measured using DEXA.Results: The results of NADPH oxidase 4, AlP, and vitamin D did not show any significant change (P&gt;0.05) when compared osteoporosis group to the control group. Whereas T score showed a significant variance when contrasting between the studied groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: according to the presented results NADPH oxidase 4 is not affected by osteoporosis.

Association between fat-soluble vitamins and metabolic syndromes in US adults: a cross-section study from NHANES database

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown significant associations between individual fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) and metabolic syndromes (MetS). However, evidence on the multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds is limited. Given that individuals are typically exposed to different levels of FSVs simultaneously, and FSVs can interact with each other. It’s necessary to explore the association between multiple FSVs co-exposure and MetS odds. This study aims to address this gap in general U.S. adults aged ≥ 20 years.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANESs) 2003–2006 and 2017–2018. Three FSV, including vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE), and vitamin D (VD), and MetS diagnosed according to the ATP III guidelines were selected as exposure and outcome, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted logistic model was used to explore the associations of individual FSV exposure with MetS odds and MetS components. Restricted cubic splines were performed to explore the dose–response relationships among them. The quantile g-computation method was adopted to explore the associations of multiple FSVs co-exposure with MetS odds and MetS components.ResultsThe presented study included a total of 13,975 individuals, with 2400 (17.17%) were diagnosed with MetS. After adjusting for various confounders, a positive linear pattern was observed for serum VA and VE and MetS associations. Serum VD was found to be negatively associated with MetS in a linear dose–response way. For each component of MetS, higher serum VA and VE were associated with higher triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein; higher serum VD was negatively associated with triglyceride, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose. MetS odds increased by 15% and 13%, respectively, in response to one quartile increase in FSVs co-exposure index (qgcomp) in the conditional model (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.24) and the marginal structural model (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06, 1.20). Besides, co-exposure to VA, VE, and VD was positively associated with triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and blood pressure levels.ConclusionFindings in the present study revealed that high serum VA and VE levels were associated with elevated MetS odds, while serum VD was inversely associated with MetS odds. FSVs co-exposure was positively associated with MetS odds.

Mass spectrometry of water-soluble vitamins to establish a risk model for predicting recurrent spontaneous abortion

The adverse pregnancy outcomes, including recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA), are strongly correlated with water-soluble vitamins, but how to predict RSA occurrence using them remains unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the possibility of predicting RSA based on the baseline levels of water-soluble vitamins tested by ultra-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 918 pregnant women was consecutively enrolled in this cross-sectional study. According to the miscarriage numbers, they were divided into normal first pregnancy (NFP, n = 608), once spontaneous abortion (OSA, n = 167), and continuous spontaneous abortion (CSA, n = 143) groups. The Cox proportional-hazards regression model was employed to establish a risk model for predicting RSA. The RSA occurrence was 6.54% in overall pregnant women, with a prevalence of 12.57% in the OSA group and 27.27% in the CSA group. Significant differences were observed in baseline deficiencies of vitamin B3, B5, B6, and B9 among NFP, OSA, and CSA groups (χ2 = 12.191 ~ 37.561, all P < 0.001). Among these vitamins, B9 (HR = 0.89 and 0.88, all P < 0.001) and B6 (HR = 0.83 and 0.78, all P < 0.05) were identified as independent factors in both the OSA and CSA groups; whereas B5 was identified as an additional independent factor only in the CSA group (HR = 0.93, P = 0.005). The Cox proportional-hazards model established using these three vitamins exhibited poor or satisfactory predictive performance in the OSA (Sen = 95.2%, Spe = 39.0%) and CSA (Sen = 92.3%, Spe = 60.6%) groups, respectively. However, B5, B6, and B9 compensatory levels were not associated with RSA occurrence (all P > 0.05). Our study presents a highly sensitive model based on mass spectrometry assay of baseline levels in B vitamins to predict the RSA occurrence as possible.

Novel Clinical, Immunological, and Metabolic Features Associated with Persistent Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are frequently observed to present persistent symptoms constituting what has been called "post-acute COVID-19 syndrome" (PACS) or "long COVID-19". Some clinical risk factors have been identified to be associated with PACS development; however, specific mechanisms responsible for PACS pathology remain unknown. This study investigates clinical, immunological, and metabolomic risk factors associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) in 51 patients, assessed 7-19 months after acute infection. Among the participants, 62.7% were male and 37.2% were female, with an average age of 47.8 years. At the follow-up, 37.2% met the criteria for PACS, revealing significant differences in immunological and metabolomic profiles at the time of acute infection. Patients with PACS were characterized by elevated levels of mature low-density granulocytes (LDGs), interleukin-8 (IL-8), pyruvate, pseudouridine, and cystine. Baseline multivariate analysis showed increased pyruvate and decreased alpha tocopherol levels. At follow-up, there was a decrease in absolute B lymphocytes and an increase in non-classical monocytes and 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid levels. These findings suggest that specific immunological and metabolomic markers during acute infection can help identify patients at higher risk of developing persistent PACS.