Urinary Estrogen Levels Research Articles

The Effects of Estrogens on Serum Lipids in Women

In 1949 Eilert demonstrated the lipid-shifting effects of estrogens in postmenopausal and castrated women. 1 Because of the preponderance of men suffering from coronary heart disease in middle age the relationship between the lipid effects of estrogens and coronary atherosclerosis has been studied chiefly in men. Recently several groups have clearly documented the striking effects of estrogens on the serum lipids of men with coronary heart disease when employed in adequate dosage for sufficient time. 2-6 However, since there is an increased incidence of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women, the growth of the aging population has resulted in an increasingly important number of women suffering from this disease. The rise of serum cholesterol levels in women with advancing age has been well established, 7-9 but the reasons for this remain obscure. The physiological decrease of ovarian function as reflected by the progressive fall of urinary estrogen levels in aging

Urinary excretion of oestrogens during pregnancy, lactation, and the re-establishment of menstruation.

A new chemical method for estimating the urinary excretion of estriol estrone and estradiol 17beta during conception pregnancy puerperium lactation and resumption of menstruation postpartum is described and used to measure these levels in women; the results of 4 are presented here. 2 subjects were studied for levels of urinary estrogens over a period which included a complete menstrual cycle and the cycle in which pregnancy started. In both women the urinary estrogen levels were similar in the 2 cycles up to about Day 24 showing ovulation peaks and subsequent luteal rise. In the first cycle estrogen levels then decreased before onset of menstruation but in the second pregnancy cycle estrogen concentrations continued to increase increasing rapidly about 7 weeks after the last menstrual period. In all 4 subjects (results are presented both in a logarithmic scale and in tabular form) there was a rapid rise in urinary levels of the 3 estrogens throughout pregnancy which was greatest from Weeks 6-12. The estrone and estradiol levels at labor were 100 times higher than those during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle with the estradiol levels being about one-third of the estrone levels. The urinary estriol levels rose about 1000-fold during this time. 1 subject followed after delivery showed that during the first menstrual periods after delivery ovulation did take place but the luteal phases were abnormally short.

Sexual precocity and accelerated growth in a child with a follicular cyst of the ovary

Summary 1.Sexual precocity with accelerated somatic growth due to ovarian tumorsor cysts is relatively rare. Approximately twenty cases in young girls caused by granulosa cell tumors of the ovary have been reported. 2.A case of this character in a 25-month-old girl is reported. She had allof the changes one would expect to find in a case of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, including a greatly increased urinary estrogen level. At operation, the right ovary was found to consist chiefly of a cyst 4 by 3 cm. in diameter. Following its surgical removal, careful search showed no evidence of a granulosa cell tumor. The cyst was classified as a follicular cyst of the ovary. The patient has been observed for over four years since the operation. There has been no recurrence of vaginal bleeding. The breasts, nipples, and labia have regressed to their normal size. The estrogen content of the urine has decreased to a normal level and remained normal. 3.A search of the literature revealed only two previously reported casessimilar in some respects to the case reported here. Summary 1.Sexual precocity with accelerated somatic growth due to ovarian tumorsor cysts is relatively rare. Approximately twenty cases in young girls caused by granulosa cell tumors of the ovary have been reported. 2.A case of this character in a 25-month-old girl is reported. She had allof the changes one would expect to find in a case of granulosa cell tumor of the ovary, including a greatly increased urinary estrogen level. At operation, the right ovary was found to consist chiefly of a cyst 4 by 3 cm. in diameter. Following its surgical removal, careful search showed no evidence of a granulosa cell tumor. The cyst was classified as a follicular cyst of the ovary. The patient has been observed for over four years since the operation. There has been no recurrence of vaginal bleeding. The breasts, nipples, and labia have regressed to their normal size. The estrogen content of the urine has decreased to a normal level and remained normal. 3.A search of the literature revealed only two previously reported casessimilar in some respects to the case reported here.

EXCRETION OF ESTROGENIC AND ANDROGENIC SUBSTANCES BY FEMALE AND MALE CHIMPANZEES WITH KNOWN MATING BEHAVIOR RECORDS1

OF THE INVESTIGATIONS in which qualitative and quantitative determinations of the estrogenic and androgenic substances excreted in the urine of laboratory primates have been made, none has been inclusive to the extent that values have been ascertained for the urinary estrogens and androgens excreted throughout the cycle by the females and bythe males. The only work with which the writers are familiar includes determinations of total estrogens excreted at different stages of the menstrual cycle by the female chimpanzee (i) and total estrogens and androgens in samples of urine from male (2) and female (3)Macacus rhesus. The result was that a comparison of the estrogens and androgens excreted by an infrahuman primate with those excreted by man was not possible. It was apparent that the monkey differs from man in that the levels of urinary estrogens and androgens are low in both sexes and that in the female chimpanzee the level of excreted estrogens is nearer that found in women.

THE URINARY EXCRETION OF ESTROGENS, ANDROGENS AND FSH FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE TO HUMAN FEMALE CASTRATES

AEMLIORATION of the vaso‘motor symptoms of the menopause by the AMELIORATION use of testosterone.propionate has been reported by several investi ‘gators (1-4). Salmn (1) noted a change in the vaginal smear from the menc pausal to the cornified type, which was not found by Shorr et al. (2). Both, however, observed a decrease in the levels of FSH after treatment with testosterone became effective. It was concluded that testosterone had the same effect as the estrogens, that is, inhibition of the anterior pituitary gland. This study was undertaken to ascertain if there were changes from the pre’treatment levels of urinary FSH, androgens and estrogens, after ad‘ ministration of testosterone propionate1 to female castrates. Similar work on normal males, eunuchoids and female castrates, to be referred to later in this paper, has been reported by others during the course of these experiments. Subjects. Four women who had severe menopausal symptoms following surgical or radiation castration were selected for this...