TPOAb Levels Research Articles

Serum trace elements show association with thyroperoxidase autoantibodies in Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) 4 nodules

Thyroid nodule (TN) has been becoming a great concern worldwide due to its high incidence. Although some studies have reported associations between trace elements exposure and the risk of TNs, the linkage was not inconclusive. The present study aimed to identify the association of selected serum trace elements (Ca, Mg, V, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mn and Mo) with TNs among general adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2021 in Chengdu, China. 1282 subjects completed the questionnaire and gave at least one human biological material after an overnight fast, venous blood, and urine, including 377 TN participants defined through ultrasound. Various trace elements in serum specimens were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Thyroid functions were tested by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The associations between trace elements levels and the risk of TNs were examined by restricted cubic splines (RCS) regression and bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. TNs were more common in females (P < 0.001) and in the elderly (P < 0.001) and that they were also frequently associated with fertility, marital status, annual household income, drinking, anxiety, vitamin supplement, tea consumption, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. After adjusting for confounders by a propensity score matching model, the association between trace elements concentrations and TNs risk was found to be statistically insignificant in the RCS (P for nonlinear > 0.05) and BKMR models. FT3 or T4 (total or free) increased significantly with increasing total trace elements mixture levels. In TI-RADS-4 TN subjects, TPO-Ab level increased significantly with increasing total trace elements mixture levels in the high-dose range. Ca, Zn, Mo at their 75th percentile showed positive individual effects on TPO-Ab, which was examined to be interactive. The detection of trace elements for TNs in general adults may be of no significance, but once individuals classified as TI-RADS-4 TNs are detected with abnormal TPO-Ab, Ca, Zn and Mo level are recommended to measure. The substantive association on it still needs to be continuously explored in the future.

Association of thyroid autoantibodies with aggressive characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer: a case-control study

PurposeAlthough the potential association between autoimmune thyroiditis and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been acknowledged, whether the clinicopathological features of PTC will be affected by thyroid autoantibodies remains unknown.Patients and methodsWe conducted a case-control study to investigate the association of thyroid autoantibodies with clinicopathological characteristics of PTC in 15,305 patients (including 11,465 females and 3,840 males) from 3 medical centers in the central province of China. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were performed to analyze the association of thyroid autoantibodies with clinicopathological features of PTC.ResultsIn total, out of the 15,305 patients enrolled in this study, 10,087 (65.9%) had negative thyroid autoantibodies, while 5,218(34.1%) tested positive thyroid autoantibodies. Among these individuals, 1,530(10.0%) showed positivity for TPOAb only, 1,247(8.2%) for TGAb only and a further 2,441(15.9%) exhibited dual positivity for both TPOAb and TGAb combined. Thyroid autoantibodies level demonstrated significant correlations with certain aggressive features in PTC. Specifically, TGAb level displayed a direct correlation to an increased likelihood of multifocality, bilateral tumor, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, as well as more than five affected lymph nodes. However, TPOAb level exhibited an inverse association with the risk associated with extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, and more than five affected lymph nodes.ConclusionElevated level of TGAb were positively correlated with the risk of aggressive features in PTC, while high level of TPOAb were inversely associated with the risk of extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis.

TPOAb Indicates neuroendocrine tumor in autoimmune gastritis: A retrospective study of 91 patients

BackgroundThe association between serological indexes and occurrence of complications in patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) remains unclear. Methods91 patients with AIG were recruited and their clinical information were collected. The differences between serological indexes and complications of AIG were analyzed. And potential biomarker for early prediction and diagnosis of AIG with complications was explored. ResultsAIG patients in our study was 58.12 ± 11.68 years old, containing 31 males and 60 females. G17 was elevated in 49 of 52; PGI/II decreased in 43/49; GPA positive in 48/61; Anemia presented 28 in 80; Vitamin B12 deficiency occurred 23 in 58. Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was the most common complication in AIG patients, accounting for 27/91. The second was polyps, making up for 14/91. There is also 9/91 of gastric mucosa neoplasia happened in AIG. No significant difference of G7, PGI, PGII, PGI/II and VB12 in AIG was found in different gastric mucosal lesions (P > 0.05). However, AIG patients with TPOAb positive had a higher risk in the occurrence of NET simultaneously (P = 0.0212). Those AIG with NET patients exhibited a significantly higher TPOAb level (P = 0.0078). ROC curve suggested that TPOAb can predict the existence of NET in AIG (AUC = 0.7410, P < 0.05). ConclusionWe found that TPOAb can serve as a predictive biomarker of NET in AIG. This accessible test is helpful for endoscopy specialists to pay attention to gastric mucosal lesions in TPOAb-positive AIG patients, improving early diagnosis and intervention of comorbidities ability.

Autoimmune thyroid disease modifies the clinical expression of hand osteoarthritis in older people: a third National Health and nutrition examination survey study.

The risk factors linked to hand osteoarthritis (OA) that contribute to its distinct symptoms and clinical presentation are not thoroughly understood. This study aimed to examine whether the autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) autoantibodies, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), associate with hand OA and symptomatic hand OA in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). We included 2,429 persons from NHANES III ≥60 years of age. Data on hand OA or symptomatic hand OA were examined with respect to their associations with TPOAb and TgAb. Log-binomial and modified Poisson regression models were fit to examine the associations between the anti-thyroid autoantibodies and hand OA or symptomatic hand OA. Higher levels of TPOAb were associated with a higher prevalence of symptomatic hand OA in the unadjusted (PR = 1.182, p = 0.024) and adjusted models after controlling for age, gender, and diabetes (PR = 1.174, p = 0.039). This association was no longer significant when positive TPOAb was considered a categorical variable with four levels and compared with negative TPOAb. TgAb showed a trend toward being positively associated with symptomatic hand OA (p < 0.10). When positive TgAb was considered a categorical variable with four levels and compared with negative TgAb, the highest quartile was associated with a higher prevalence of symptomatic hand OA than negative TgAb in the unadjusted (PR = 2.242, p = 0.008) and adjusted models (PR = 2.045, p = 0.038). There was no significant association between TPOAb or TgAb and hand OA. Higher levels of TPOAb may be associated with the presence of symptomatic hand OA in persons ≥60 years old. Persons ≥60 years old with the highest quartile levels of TgAb may be more likely to present with symptomatic hand OA.

Clinical comparative efficacy and therapeutic strategies for the Hashimoto's thyroiditis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Ethnopharmacological relevanceVitamin D (VD), selenium preparations (Se), and thyroid hormone replacement therapy are commonly used to treat Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Increasing evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of HT. Aim of the studyThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of commonly-used drugs for HT. Materials and methodsA literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Chinese China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Clinical Trial Registry (Chi CTR), China Science and Technology Journal Database (the VIP), Wanfang Database, and China Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) from January 1, 2003, to December 31, 2022. The outcomes included TPOAb, TgAb, TSH, FT3, FT4, and adverse events. Our study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023449705). ResultsSixty trials and 4719 participants were included, comparing 16 treatments: VD, Se, LT-4, Se + LT-4, HM, placebo + LT-4, HM + LT-4, Se + myolnositol, Se + VD, HM + Se, mannan peptide, LT-4+prednisone, Methimazole, Methimazole + HM, Tapazole + Propranolol, and placebo. We found that Chinese herbal medicine has significant effect vs. LT-4 [MD 0.10, 95 % confidence interval 0.02 to 0.50]) and LT-4+placebo [MD 0.10, 95 % confidence interval 0.01 to 0.77]) in reducing TPOAb. Although receiving LT-4+prednisone was not statistically significant, the treatment ranking showed that this combination therapy had the highest probability of reducing TPOAb levels (72.8 %). In addition, the effect of Se plus LT-4 was not statistically significant; however, the treatment ranking showed that this combination therapy had the highest probability (78.6 %) of reducing TgAb levels, followed by HM (64.0 %). Reports on side effects have mainly focused on the digestive and cardiovascular systems. ConclusionOur analyses showed that HM alone or in combination with other treatments for patients with HT can improve the side effects of other drugs, enhance efficacy, and maybe the most effective option for treating HT. However, there still need further verified using high-quality evidence.

γδT Cells Induce the Inflammatory Response of Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Directly or by Stimulating B Cells to Activate IL-17/STAT3 Signaling Pathway

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) combined with hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is an important cause of various fatal comorbidities of RA. There is no precise conclusion about the cause of this disease. Methods: Peripheral blood and synovial tissue were collected from healthy participants, patients with RA, and patients with both RA and HT. Immunofluorescence staining and Pearson correlation analysis were used to detect the levels of γδTCR and the correlation between IL-17 and p-STAT3, respectively. ELISA, chemiluminescence assays, qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the levels of IgG, IgM, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, Tg-Ab, Tpo-Ab, IL-17, IL-2, p-SATA3, and STAT3, respectively. Results: There was increased proportion of γδT cells, IL-17, and p-STAT3 levels in RA and HT patients. IL-17 was positively correlated with p-STAT3. γδT cells significantly promoted the expression of IgG, Tg-Ab, Tpo-Ab, and IL-17. When γδT and human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were co-cultured, the levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17 were increased, and the IL-17/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated. When IL-17-silenced γδT cells and STAT3-silenced FLSs were co-cultured, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in FLSs were significantly decreased. Furthermore, when STAT3-silenced FLSs were added to the co-culture medium of B cells and γδT cells, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were also decreased significantly. Conclusion: γδT cells induced RA directly or by stimulating B cells to activate STAT3 through IL-17.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles Disrupt ultrastructure and function of Rat thyroid tissue via oxidative stress

Nano-TiO2 is widely used in various fields such as industry, daily necessities, food and medicine. Previous studies have shown that it can enter mammalian tissues through the digestive tract or respiratory tract and have effects on various organs and systems. However, the effect of nano-TiO2 on the mammalian thyroid gland has not been reported. In this study, we fed SD rats with rutile nano-TiO2 at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks, and then examined the thyroid histology and thyroid function of the rats. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nano-TiO2 on the viability, apoptosis, inflammatory factors, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative stress of human thyroid follicular epithelial cells. Histological evidence showed abnormal morphology of rat thyroid follicles and organelle damage in follicular epithelial cells. Nano-TiO2 caused a decrease in the level of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), an increase in the level of apoptotic protein cleaved-caspase 3, and an increase in the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β and TNF-α in rat thyroid tissue. Nano-TiO2 also resulted in increased serum FT4 and TPO-Ab levels. In in vitro experiments, nano-TiO2 reduced the viability of human thyroid follicular cells, downregulated the levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes CAT, GPX1 and SOD, and increased the levels of ROS and MDA caused by oxidative stress. These results indicate that nano-TiO2 damages the structure and function of thyroid follicular epithelial cells through oxidative stress. Long-term exposure to nano-TiO2 could be a potential risk factor for thyroid dysfunction.

Thyroid auto-antibodies in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis patients: A cross sectional study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). It has been proposed that autoimmune conditions may occur together and an individual's immune system may attack more than one system. Autoimmune thyroid disease is one of the most common comorbidities along with MS. Since thyroid hormones are crucial for normal brain function and remyelination, we aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in a group of MS patients compared with healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted in medical clinics affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, South of Iran. To prevent the effects of MS modifying drugs on thyroid function, we examined 73 newly diagnosed MS patients, which had not been treated yet, compared to 72 healthy individuals. After measurement of the serum level of TSH, Anti TPO-Ab, and Anti TG-Ab, we found a significantly higher prevalence rate of abnormal TSH levels (high or low) in the MS group (p = 0.02). We also found a higher frequency of thyroid dysfunction in the female MS group (p = 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the two other anti-thyroid antibodies among the groups. Our results demonstrate a significant and positive linear relationship between age and TSH levels (R = 0.402; p < 0.001) and also age and Anti TPO-Ab levels (R = 0.397; p < 0.001) among the MS population. We found a higher prevalence of TSH alteration among the MS population. Anti TPO-Ab and Anti TG-Ab levels did not differ among groups. These findings suggest that MS patients might be at an increased risk for thyroid dysfunction. However, further studies are required to determine the underlying cause. The linear relationship between age and TSH and Anti TPO-Ab levels in MS patients suggest that there is an association between TSH dysfunction and age.

Effect of Selenium Yeast Tablets Combined with Levothyroxine Sodium on Thyroid Function and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Hypothyroidism

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium in the treatment of hypothyroidism and its effect on thyroid function and inflammatory factors. Methods 110 patients with primary hypothyroidism admitted to The first Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University from January 2018 to December 2018, and were randomly divided into the observation group (55 cases) and the control group (55 cases). The patients of the control group were given sodium levothyroxine, while the observation group received selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium therapy. The indexes of thyroid function/clinical efficacy/adverse events were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 92.73%, and 72.73% in the control group, there was a significant difference between the two groups (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 levels were significantly increased compared with that before treatment the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). And TSH, TGAb and TPOAb levels were significantly lower compared with that before treatment, and the difference were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, T3, T4, FT3 and FT4 degree of observation group were better than those of the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in both groups decreased, but the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P&lt;0.05). After treatment, the level of IL-10 increased in two groups, but the level of IL-10 in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion The selenium yeast tablets combined with levothyroxine sodium in treatment of hypothyroidism can obtain obvious theraeputtic effects. which can not only improve the levels of various thyroid indexes, but also can improve patient's inflammatory factors levels, with good safety, without serious adverse reactions, therefor, which has important clinical application value. Key words: Selenium; Yeast Tablet; Hypothyroidism; Inflammatory Factor.

A machine learning-based diagnosis modeling of IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

This study aims to develop a non-invasive diagnosis model using machine learning (ML) for identifying high-risk IgG4 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients. A retrospective cohort of 93 HT patients and a prospective cohort of 179 HT patients were collected. According to the immunohistochemical and pathological results, the patients were divided into IgG4 HT group and non-IgG4 HT group. Serum TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 were detected by ELISAs. A logistic regression model, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) were used to establish a clinical diagnosis model for IgG4 HT. Among these 272 patients, 40 (14.7%) were diagnosed with IgG4 HT. Patients with IgG4 HT were younger than those with non-IgG4 HT (P < 0.05). Serum levels of TgAb IgG4 and TPOAb IgG4 in IgG4 HT group were significantly higher than those in non-IgG4 HT group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in gender, disease duration, goiter, preoperative thyroid function status, preoperative TgAb or TPOAb levels, and thyroid ultrasound characteristics between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 57%, 78%, and 79% for logistic regression model of IgG4 HT, 80 ± 7%, 84.7% ± 2.6%, and 75.4% ± 9.6% for the RF model and 78 ± 5%, 89.8% ± 5.7%, and 64.7% ± 5.7% for the SVM model. The RF model works better than SVM. The area under the ROC curve of RF ranged 0.87 to 0.92. A clinical diagnosis model for IgG4 HT established by RF model might help the early recognition of the high-risk patients of IgG4 HT.

EVALUATION OF THYROID FUNCTION AND THYROID DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

Objective: To explored the thyroid function and prevalence of thyroid diseases in primary aldosteronism (PA) and PA subtypes. Design and method: Patients with PA and Essential hypertension (EH) in our hypertension center between August 2011 to June 2022 were enrolled in this observational study. All PA patients underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS), thus receiving the most accurate subtype diagnosis available. The differences of thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid diseases between PA and EH patients were analyzed. Results: 7161 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 48.20±8.83 years and a mean BMI of 26.52±3.45 kg/m2. Two groups: PA patients showed lower FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, positive TPOAb and higher prevalence of thyroid nodules (22.5%) than EH patients. PA was significantly associated with thyroid nodules (OR: 1.245, 95%CI: 1.052-1.473, P= 0.011). Three groups: statistical differences in FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, and positive TPOAb levels were found in APA, IHA and EH. Thyroid nodules are most prevalent in APA (26.00%), followed by IHA (20.80%) and EH (17.80%). APA showed a significant association with thyroid nodules (OR: 1.345, 95%CI: 1.015-1.781, P=0.039). Additionally, it was found that FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 were negatively correlated with the PAC levels in patients. The stratification analysis showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in subjects with PAC levels great than or equal to 12ng/dL. Conclusions: Compared to EH groups, PA patients had lower thyroid function and higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

TO EXPLORED THE THYROID FUNCTION AND PREVALENCE OF THYROID DISEASES IN PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM (PA) AND PA SUBTYPES

Objective: To explored the thyroid function and prevalence of thyroid diseases in primary aldosteronism (PA) and PA subtypes. Design and method: Patients with PA and Essential hypertension (EH) in our hypertension center between August 2011 to June 2022 were enrolled in this observational study. All PA patients underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS), thus receiving the most accurate subtype diagnosis available. The differences of thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid diseases between PA and EH patients were analyzed. Results: 7161 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 48.20±8.83 years and a mean BMI of 26.52±3.45 kg/m2. Two groups: PA patients showed lower FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, positive TPOAb and higher prevalence of thyroid nodules (22.5%) than EH patients. PA was significantly associated with thyroid nodules (OR: 1.245, 95%CI: 1.052-1.473, P= 0.011). Three groups: statistical differences in FT4, FT3, TT4, TT3, and positive TPOAb levels were found in APA, IHA and EH. Thyroid nodules are most prevalent in APA (26.00%), followed by IHA (20.80%) and EH (17.80%). APA showed a significant association with thyroid nodules (OR: 1.345, 95%CI: 1.015-1.781, P=0.039). Additionally, it was found that FT4, FT3, TT4, and TT3 were negatively correlated with the PAC levels in patients. The stratification analysis showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in subjects with PAC leve greater than or equal to 12ng/dL. Conclusions: Compared to EH groups, PA patients had lower thyroid function and higher prevalence of thyroid nodules.

Association of preexisting anti-thyroid antibodies and body mass index with prognosis of lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors

Abstract Objectives Immune checkpoint inhibitors are a new beneficial medication in the treatment of cancer. Whether preexisting TPOAb was related to longer overall survival (OS) is controversial. This retrospective study analyzed the OS and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with lung cancer, and explored predictive factors associated with the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment. Methods Patients with lung cancer who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between January 1, 2020 and December 30, 2020 were enrolled. Thyroid function, TPOAb, TGAb, and prognostic nutritional index levels and body mass index were analyzed. Supervising physicians independently assessed patient staging, OS, and PFS. Demographic data, pathological type, and previous treatment history were also collected. Results In total, this study enrolled 69 patients, with ages of 46–80 years old. Patients with lower weight showed reduced OS and PFS rates relative to those with normal weight and overweight (p&lt;0.05). The single patient with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) exhibited a 1-, 1.5- and 2-year OS rate lower than that of the patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, or adenocarcinoma (p&lt;0.05). This LCNEC patient also had lower 1-, 1.5-, and 2-year PFS rates compared to adenocarcinoma patients (p&lt;0.05). TPOAb and TGAb levels were unrelated to OS or PFS. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a positive association between body mass index, OS, and PFS. Conclusions Patients with lower body weight were predictive of poorer survival outcomes when receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment as compared to patients with normal weight and overweight. However, positive baseline TGAb and TPOAb levels were not associated with increased OS or PFS in patients with lung cancer.

Autoimmune thyroiditis in psoriatic disease

Objectives. To assess autoimmune thyroiditis prevalence in subclinical and clinical psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Materials and methods. 45 female adult Egyptian patients with psoriatic disease were classified into 3 equal groups: PsA, subclinical PsA, and psoriasis. A full assessment was done including Health Assessment Questionnaire, Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), PsA disease activity score (DAPSA), MAdrid Sonographic Enthesitis Index (MASEI), thyroid hormones (TSH, FT4, and FT3), thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Tg and TPO Abs), and thyroid ultrasound. Results. Thyroid abnormalities prevalence was: 33.3% with subclinical hypothyroidism, 80% with positive TPO Ab, and 46.7% with positive Tg Ab in PsA group, 26.7% with subclinical hypothyroidism, 60% with positive TPO Ab, and 33.3% with positive Tg Ab in subclinical PsA group and none in psoriasis group. PsA patients had higher TPO Ab levels compared to psoriasis patients with high statistical significant difference and lower FT3 levels compared to psoriasis patients with statistical significant difference. In subclinical PsA group, MASEI was positively correlated with TPO Ab with high statistical significance and with FT3 and Tg Ab with statistical significance, FT4 was negatively correlated with LEI with high statistical significance, and FT4 was correlated with PASI with statistical significance. In PsA group, TPO Ab was correlated with DAPSA with statistical significance. Conclusions. Autoimmune thyroiditis is more common in PsA than subclinical PsA patients. PsA patients are advised to be tested for TPO and Tg Abs. Musculoskeletal ultrasound is a screening tool to detect enthesitis in psoriasis patients.

The crosstalk between benign thyroid disease and breast cancer: A single center study.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between benign thyroid disease and breast cancer. The clinical study includes a total of 600 participants, divided into 2 groups: the control group (N = 300), which consists of individuals from the checkup population during the same periods, and the experimental group (N = 300), which consists of patients with breast cancer. General data of the participants, including age, tumor diameter, tumor staging, pathological classification, lymph node metastasis, and classification of benign thyroid disease, were collected and analyzed. The levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb in blood samples from the experimental and control groups were determined using a radioimmune method. The levels of TPOAb, TgAb, and TSH in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, and FT4 in the experimental group were significantly lower. The general data of the participants contributed to the appropriate sample size and allocation. Furthermore, benign thyroid disease contributes to the development of breast cancer by regulating the levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAb, and TgAb.

Effect of acupuncture on Hashimoto thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune thyroid disease for which there is no specific treatment. Oral levothyroxine sodium tablets significantly improved thyroid function but did not promote a reduction in thyroid-related antibody concentrations. Acupuncture can improve clinical symptoms and thyroid function in HT patients, reduce serum TPOAb and TGAb levels in HT patients, and improve patients' quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of acupuncture versus levothyroxine sodium tablets on Hashimoto thyroiditis. We searched Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, SinoMed and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials to identify candidate randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A total of 1020 patients participated in 14 randomized controlled trials. The results of meta-analysis showed that acupuncture regulated TPOAb content (mean difference [MD] = -63.18, 95%CI = -91.73 to -34.62, P < .00001), TGAb content (MD = -68.56, 95%CI = -101.55 to -35.57, P < .00001), serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) content (MD = 0.74, 95%CI = 0.20 to 1.27, P < .00001), serum free thyroxine (FT4) content (MD = 1.10, 95%CI = 0.29 to 1.92, P < .00001), TSH content (MD = -2.16, 95%CI = -3.14 to -1.19, P < .00001) had a significant effect. Compared with levothyroxine sodium tablets alone, acupuncture can significantly regulate the contents of TPOAb, TGAb, FT3, FT4 and TSH.

Gender differences in prevalence and clinical correlates of anxiety in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder comorbid with metabolic syndrome

BackgroundAlthough gender differences in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been widely reported, there has not been much focus on gender differences in comorbidity. In patients with MDD and comorbid metabolic syndrome (Mets), the goal of this study was to investigate potential gender differences in the prevalence and clinical correlates of concomitant anxiety.MethodsSeven hundred and ninety-four first-episode and drug-naïve patients (FEDN) patients with MDD and comorbid Mets were recruited. For each patient, sociodemographic data, thyroid function indicators, and Mets parameters were acquired. Each participant completed the 14-item Hamilton Assessment Scale for Anxiety (HAMA) and the 17-item Hamilton Assessment Scale for Depression (HAMD).ResultsThere were no gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety in patients with MDD and comorbid Mets. Female patients with MDD had a shorter duration of illness. Correlation analysis showed that HAMD score, TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb were associated with anxiety prevalence in female patients, whereas anxiety onset in male patients was only associated with TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb levels. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that TSH and TgAb predicted anxiety in male patients, whereas HAMD score and age of onset significantly predicted anxiety in female patients.LimitationsCross-sectional design and no control for anxiety-related factors.ConclusionsOur study showed no gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety in patients with MDD and comorbid Mets. HAMD score was associated with anxiety in female patients, whereas TSH, TgAb, and TPOAb were associated with anxiety in male patients.

Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient areas. Selenium is an essential trace element required for thyroid hormone synthesis and exerts antioxidant effects. Therefore, it may be of relevance in the management of HT. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function (thyrotropin [TSH], free and total thyroxine [fT4, T4], free and total triiodothyronine [fT3, T3]), thyroid antibodies (thyroid peroxidase antibodies [TPOAb], thyroglobulin antibodies [TGAb], thyrotropin receptor antibody [TRAb]), ultrasound findings (echogenicity, thyroid volume), immune markers, patient-reported outcomes, and adverse events in HT. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022308377). We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Trials from inception to January 2023 and searched citations of eligible studies. Two independent authors reviewed and coded the identified literature. The primary outcome was TSH in patients without thyroid hormone replacement therapy (THRT); the others were considered secondary outcomes. We synthesized the results as standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratio (OR), assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and rated the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results: We screened 687 records and included 35 unique studies. Our meta-analysis found that selenium supplementation decreased TSH in patients without THRT (SMD -0.21 [confidence interval, CI -0.43 to -0.02]; 7 cohorts, 869 participants; I2 = 0%). In addition, TPOAb (SMD -0.96 [CI -1.36 to -0.56]; 29 cohorts; 2358 participants; I2 = 90%) and malondialdehyde (MDA; SMD -1.16 [CI -2.29 to -0.02]; 3 cohorts; 248 participants; I2 = 85%) decreased in patients with and without THRT. Adverse effects were comparable between the intervention and control groups (OR 0.89 [CI 0.46 to 1.75]; 16 cohorts; 1339 participants; I2 = 0%). No significant changes were observed in fT4, T4, fT3, T3, TGAb, thyroid volume, interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-10. Overall, certainty of evidence was moderate. Conclusions: In people with HT without THRT, selenium was effective and safe in lowering TSH, TPOAb, and MDA levels. Indications for lowering TPOAb were found independent of THRT.

Association between TPO gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to hyperthyroidism

Introduction and Aim: Hyperthyroidism is a disorder characterized by excessively high amounts of tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine in the bloodstream. TPO is a thyroid-specific antigen. TPO gene mutations affect thyroid hormone synthesis, causing full or partial iodide organification abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to look at the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TPO gene and find possible relation of these SNPs to the development or prognosis of hyperthyroidism. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from hyperthyroid patients (n=75) and healthy individuals (n=25). The concentration of triiodothyronine (T3), Tetra-iodothyronine (T4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were estimated in all samples. The autoantibodies TPOAbs and TR-Ab levels were measured using the ELISA assay. The extracted genomic DNA from blood of participants was investigated for polymorphism in the SNPs rs1126799, rs1126797, and rs732609 within the TPO gene. Statistical methods were used to evaluate the association between the TPO SNPs studied to hyperthyroidism susceptibility. Results: No significant correlation was observed between the SNPs studied and prognosis of hyperthyroidism. However, it was found that hyperthyroid patients carrying the TPO rs1126799 T allele (CT + CC genotypes) had significantly higher serum levels of TPOAb compared to those with the TT genotype (P&lt;0.01). Similarly, hyperthyroid patients with the TPO rs1126797 C allele (CT + TT genotypes) and TPO rs732609 A allele (CA + AA genotypes) exhibited significantly elevated levels of TPOAbs compared to individuals with the CC genotype and AA genotype, respectively (P&lt;0.01). Conclusion: There was no correlation between the TPO rs1126799, rs1126797, and rs732609 polymorphisms with the occurrence of hyperthyroidism in the Iraqi population. However, TPO rs2071400 and rs2048722 polymorphisms were found to be correlated to serum levels of TPOAb.

Comparative analysis of the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, glycated hemoglobin and indicators of lipid metabolism in women of Lviv and Kyiv regions

Background. The prevalence of thyroid diseases, including endemic goiter and autoimmune disorders, has been consi­dered by scientists for more than a century as a cause for reducing the working capacity of the population and also affects the cognitive ability of future generations. Geographically, Lviv region is in an endemic iodine deficiency zone, while Kyiv region suffered negative radiation exposure as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Since both factors affect the state of the thyroid system, the study on the levels of thyroid hormones among women in the specified areas makes it possible to identify the risks of thyroid pathologies and to develop a strategy for their prevention. The purpose of the study: to find out and analyze the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), glycated hemoglobin and indicators of lipid metabolism in women of Lviv and Kyiv regions. Materials and methods. One hundred and fifty women were examined, their average age was 48 ± 7 years. The criterion for inclusion in the study were: absence of diabetes or treatment for thyroid pathologies, as well as other serious diseases. The survey was conducted once, in July-August 2022. The level of pituitary TSH, antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (TPO-Ab), glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein was evaluated. Results. In examined women of the Kyiv region, the average TSH was 2.21 ± 0.30 mIU/l, while in those from the Lviv region it was within 2.42 ± 0.17 mIU/l (p &gt; 0.05). A significant difference was found between the average values of TPO-Ab, some women had high levels of antibodies without manifestations of hypothyroidism and clinical complaints. The average value of TPO-Ab in patients from the Kyiv region was 81.21 ± 19.41 IU/ml and in women from the Lviv region it was 38.41 ± 5.97 IU/ml (р &lt; 0,05). When analyzing carbohydrate metabolism, no significant changes were found between the levels of glycated hemoglobin in the examined women of Kyiv and Lviv regions, 5.81 ± 0.09 % and 5.66 ± 0.04 %, respectively (р &gt; 0.05). Some women showed a slight increase in glycated hemoglobin over 5.6 %, which did not reach the level of 6.5 %. This group of examinees were at risk of developing type 2 diabetes and is characterized by the term “prediabetes”. Regarding lipid metabolism, we found no significant changes in the level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. Conclusions. The conducted observation revealed differences in TSH, TPO-Ab indicators in healthy women living in Lviv and Kyiv regions. We can assume that the obtained results of Lviv region reflect the problems of the endemic zone of the Western regions of Ukraine. In turn, significantly higher levels of TPO-Ab among residents of Kyiv region are most likely a consequence of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, which can still affect the health of the population of this region.