Total Iron Binding Capacity Levels Research Articles

Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Janbakhsh A, Afsharian M, Ramezani M, Mozaffari H, Sadeghi M. Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients. HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems. 2019;18(2):148-152. doi:10.5114/hivar.2019.83845. APA Janbakhsh, A., Afsharian, M., Ramezani, M., Mozaffari, H., & Sadeghi, M. (2019). Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients. HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems, 18(2), 148-152. https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2019.83845 Chicago Janbakhsh, Alireza, Mandana Afsharian, Mazaher Ramezani, Hamid Reza Mozaffari, and Masoud Sadeghi. 2019. "Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients". HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems 18 (2): 148-152. doi:10.5114/hivar.2019.83845. Harvard Janbakhsh, A., Afsharian, M., Ramezani, M., Mozaffari, H., and Sadeghi, M. (2019). Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients. HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems, 18(2), pp.148-152. https://doi.org/10.5114/hivar.2019.83845 MLA Janbakhsh, Alireza et al. "Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients." HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems, vol. 18, no. 2, 2019, pp. 148-152. doi:10.5114/hivar.2019.83845. Vancouver Janbakhsh A, Afsharian M, Ramezani M, Mozaffari H, Sadeghi M. Serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and total iron binding capacity in HIV-infected patients. HIV & AIDS Review. International Journal of HIV-Related Problems. 2019;18(2):148-152. doi:10.5114/hivar.2019.83845.

Alterations in the Iron Homeostasis Network of Hepatocytes Caused by Hepatitis B Virus.

It is unclear whether hepatitis B virus (HBV) itself causes iron metabolism disorder in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). In this study, we investigated the effect of HBV on iron metabolism at the clinical and cellular levels to determine the pathogenesis of CHB. We enrolled 41 CHB patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs) in a retrospective study. Parameters of iron status included serum iron (SI), ferritin (SF), transferrin (TRF), soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), transferrin saturation (TS), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), and hepcidin. Liver function indicators included serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and albumin. Furthermore, we investigated the correlations between iron markers and liver function indicators. Finally, the alterations in SF, TRF, transferrin receptor (TfR), and hepcidin expression were detected by RT-PCR, western blot, and cell immunofluorescence after HepG2 cells and Huh7 cells were transfected with the pSM2-HBV plasmid. We also measured these alterations between HepG2 cells and HepG2.215 cells. The significance of differences was analyzed by SPSS version 17.0. Compared with healthy controls, the CHB patients were more likely to have lower levels of serum hepcidin, TRF, sTfR, TIBC, and UIBC and higher levels of SI, SF, and TS (p < 0.05, all). In CHB patients, the levels of SI and SF correlated positively with ALT concentrations, and the serum hepcidin concentrations correlated positively with albumin concentrations (p < 0.05, all). The expression levels of ferritin, transferrin, and hepcidin mRNA and protein were significantly higher in HepG2.215 cells than in HepG2 cells, while expression levels of TfR were lower. The alterations in these iron markers in HepG2 and Huh7 cells that were transfected with pSM2-HBV plasmid were consistent with those in HepG2.215 cells. Serum iron markers tended to be abnormal in CHB patients. In hepatocytes, HBV promoted the expression of ferritin, transferrin, and hepcidin, while it inhibited the expression of TfR.

Anemia of Chronic Disease: Key Mechanisms of Pathogenesis in Patients with Malignancies and Feasible Classification Approaches

Aim. To study the effect of hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and cytokines on iron metabolism and occurrence of anemia in patients with malignancies and to propose, on this basis, a draft classification of anemia of chronic disease (ACD) based on the major pathogenic factor. Materials &amp; Methods. The trial included 63 patients with malignancies of stage II/IV: 41 patients with anemia (34 men, 7 women, mean age 67.1 ± 9.9 years), 22 patients without anemia (17 men, 5 women, mean age 60.2 ± 14.9 years). Comparative analysis was based on the values of iron metabolism, C-reactive protein (CRP), hepcidin, sTfR, as well as pro-inflammatory (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumour necrosis factor α [TNF-α]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in solid malignancy patients with and without anemia. The correlation analysis between IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, hepcidin, sTfR, and blood count was performed. Results. Compared with the control group patients with anemia show lower levels of iron concentration, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and percent transferrin saturation (TSAT), as well as higher level of CRP, hepcidin, sTfR, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α (p &lt; 0.05). IL-6 (r = -0.58), TNF-α (r = -0.32), and hepcidin (r = -0.57) proved to negatively affect erythrocyte level. A negative correlation was established between hemoglobin concentration and IL-6 (r = -0.57), IL-10 (r = -0.64), TNF-α (r = -0.65), hepcidin (r = -0.3), and sTfR (r = -0.57). A correlation was identified between concentrations of hepcidin and IL-6 (r = 0.58), IL-10 (r = 0.33), TNF-α (r = -0.4), as well as between concentrations of sTfR and IL-10 (r = 0.58), TNF-α (r = -0.53). A relationship was identified between IL-6 concentration and iron status (r = -0.38), TIBC (r = -0.56), TSAT (r = -0.31), ferritin (г = 0.56), transferrin (r = -0.72), CRP (r = 0.86) as well as between concentrations of IL-10 and iron (r = -0.63), TSAT (r = -0.67), transferrin (r = -0.7), ferritin (r = 0.55), CRP (r = 0.65), TIBC (r = -0.71). A correlation between the levels of TNF-α and TIBC (r = -0.36), transferrin (r = -0.5) was confirmed. Conclusion. The paper deals with multi-factorial pathogenesis of anemia in patients with malignancies. Most important factors are iron deficiency and erythropoietic disorder. A draft ACD classification based on the major pathogenic factor of anemia (ACD with dominating iron deficiency, ACD with impaired regulatory mechanism of erythropoiesis, and ACD with insufficient erythropoietin production) is proposed.

A Comparative Study of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and associated Parameters in CKD and Dialysis Patients in Shiraz, Iran

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency generally observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis patients. The goal of this work was to compare the serum levels of vitamin D and its-related metabolic parameters in CKD patients and hemodialysis patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 109 dialysis patients and 99 CKD patients who had not consumed vitamin D for ≥ 1 year were enrolled in this study. 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH) D) levels, calcium, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphorous were evaluated in the serum of the patients. Results: 25-(OH) D levels in patients with CKD and dialysis patients were 31.73±13.34 ng/mL and 15.52±5.36 ng/mL, respectively. The levels of calcium (P=0.000), ALP (P=0.006), 25(OH) D (P=0.000), FBS (P=0.000), Hb (P=0.002), HCT (P=0.002) and TIBC (P=0.000) were significantly higher, and the levels of PTH (p=0.000) and phosphorous (P=0.000) were significantly lower in the CKD group compared to dialysis group. Conclusion: 25-(OH) D levels and its metabolic parameters except PTH and phosphorus are lower in patients on dialysis compared with the patients with CKD.

Serum Levels of Vitamin D, Magnesium, Calcium, Iron, and TIBC in HIV-Infected Patients

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and HIV infection are both risk factors for chronic disorders. Several studies on small groups of male HIV-infected patients have reported alterations of calcium and bone metabolisms. This study aimed to evaluate serum levels of vitamin D, magnesium, calcium, iron, and TIBC in HIV-infected patients compared with controls in the west of Iran. Methods: In a case-control study approved by the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 98 prisoners with HIV and 98 controls were selected in 2016. Age, sex, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium, iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were checked for all participants in both groups. Also, CD4 was checked in all HIV-infected patients. Results: The mean age ± SD (range) of HIV-infected and control groups was 40.11 ± 7.73 (21.68) and 45.59 ± 18.61 (18.85) years, respectively. Vitamin D, calcium, iron, and TIBC levels were significantly different in these two groups (P 500 cells/mm3.

Clinical, functional and molecular characteristics of anemia with comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The aim was to investigate an impact of different COPD phenotypes on clinical course of anemic syndrome. Methods. This was a single-center prospective observational cohort study. Patients with stable COPD and anemia were involved (n = 215). COPD was diagnosed according to GOLD criteria and anemia was diagnosed according to WHO criteria. The control group included 90 healthy subjects. COPD patients with anemia were stratified according to pathogenic variants of anemia and serum erythropoietin level. COPD symptoms, exacerbations, lung function, pulmonary hemodynamics, the type of airway inflammation, hematology parameters, serum erythropoietin, hepcidin 25, vitamin B12, folate, and iron homeostasis were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24 software. The groups were compared using chi square test for nominal variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationships between variables. Results. Anemia was diagnosed in 63 (29.3%) of patients including common pathogenetic variants of anemia in 12 (19.0 %) of patients: iron deficiency 9 (14.3%) and vitamin B12 deficiency 3 (4.8%). This anemia variants were associated with shorter duration of respiratory symptoms and was not related to COPD phenotype. The clinical course of anemia was modified due to comorbid COPD in 51 (81.0%) of patients. Anemia with normal / high erythropoietin level was found in 31 (49.2%) of COPD patients and was hypochromic, microcytic and hyperregeneratory. Those patients had low serum levels of iron, vitamin B12, and folate, low total and latent iron-binding capacity of serum, and high levels of ferritin and hepcidine. This type of anemia was associated with frequent COPD exacerbations. Anemia with low erythropoietin level 20 (31.7%) was normochromic, normocytic, and normoregeneratory, with normal serum iron and ferritin levels, low iron-binding capacity of serum, and low hepcidine level. This type of anemia was associated with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and with pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion. Anemic syndrome in COPD patients is associated with COPD phenotype.

Retrospective assessment of specific effects of exposure of workers to PCBs in Slovakia.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been used commercially since 1929 as dielectric and insulating non-flammable substances, additives for paints, etc. In Slovakia, 60 chemical production workers highly exposed to PCBs (mainly to Delor 103) were studied with duration of exposure ranging from 3 months to 19 years. Clinical examinations of skin, skin histology and laboratory tests concerning lipid metabolism, iron metabolism and levels of copper provided comparisons with a control group of healthy individuals and/or the upper limits of normal values. Skin changes were found in 47 % of individuals. In most cases, milia-like efflorescences (57.14 %) occurred, as well as comedones (55.35 %); other symptoms occurred in a smaller number of workers. Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis of the epidermis (particularly in hair follicles), and a cellular infiltration of the corium were all found through histology. The intensity of cutaneous affections was associated with the changes in laboratory tests. Elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids were found in exposed workers. After a further two years, a significant increase in triglycerides was found in exposed individuals when compared with the control group. In addition, a significant increase in serum levels of copper, and total and unsaturated iron-binding capacity was detected. Anamnesis showed that some people directly exposed to PCBs may develop skin changes after three months of occupational exposure. The results represent a unique snapshot of worker exposure at a given location, representing the basis for comparison with the population who grew up in the area and still live there today.

Total iron-binding capacity is a novel prognostic marker after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Patients with gastric cancer (GC) are affected by changes in iron status. Before surgery, GC patients are likely to have iron-deficiency anemia; and after gastrectomy, patients suffer from low nutritional status and low iron. This study investigated preoperative iron status associated with prognosis after curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer. We evaluated preoperative serum hemoglobin (Hgb), Fe and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) in 298 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for GC without preoperative chemotherapy, and analyzed these factors' associations with prognosis after surgery. Of the 298 patients, 129 (43.2%) had low Hgb levels, and 33 (11.1%) had low TIBC (< 260µg/dl) that was not associated with Hgb or Fe level. Patients with low TIBC were significantly associated with older age (≥ 65years old; P = 0.0085), low albumin (< 3.9g/dl; P = 0.0388) and high CRP (≥ 0.15mg/dl; P = 0.0018) in multivariate analysis. Low Fe (< 60µg/dl) was not associated with disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS); however, low Fe was associated with longer cancer-specific survival in Stage III GC patients (P = 0.0333). Both low Hgb and low TIBC were significantly associated with shorter DFS (Hgb: P = 0.0433; TIBC: P < 0.0001) and shorter OS (Hgb: P = 0.0352; TIBC: P < 0.0001). Low TIBC were significantly associated with shorter DFS (HR 2.167, 95% CI 1.231-3.639, P = 0.0086) and shorter OS (HR 2.065, 95% CI 1.144-3.570, P = 0.0173) in multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis. Preoperative serum TIBC level of GC patients who undergo curative gastrectomy is a novel prognostic marker in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Prevalence of anemia among the women of childbearing age belonging to the tea garden community of Assam, India: A community-based study

Background:Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells becomes insufficient to meet the body's physiologic needs. Anemia is one of the major public health problems in India. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence and determinants of anemia among the adult females of tea garden community of Assam.Materials and Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 770 numbers of adult females belonging to the tea garden community. For all the samples, complete blood count, abnormal hemoglobin variants screening by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serum iron level, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin concentrations were determined.Results:Out of 770 patients, 19.7% were severely anemic. Hb S and β-thalassemia were the only hemoglobin types detected in the study. Hemoglobin type, mean corpuscular volume, TIBC, and serum ferritin level were the important determinants of anemia in the present study.Conclusion:To reduce the burden of anemia among the adult females of tea garden community, the females should be screened periodically, and appropriate measures should be taken.

Influence of splenectomy on CXCL8 and T lymphocyte subsets in children with β-thalassemia major: single center Egyptian study

Background After splenectomy, the immune system is modified; there are numerous quantitative and functional defects involving T and B lymphocytes and blood anomalies of serum level of cytokines. The present study aimed to evaluate immuneinflammatory status interactions with thalassemia pathogenesis, especially after splenectomy, which can provide new modalities for the management of the disease and its complications. Patients and methods The present study was conducted on 40 children with β-thalassemia major under follow-up at the Hematology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University. There were 24 (60%) male and 16 (40%) female patients; they were blood transfusion dependent and underwent splenectomy for more than 6 months. Their ages ranged from 6 to 17 years. Besides, 40 healthy children served as the control group. All children included in the study were subjected to complete blood count, iron profile, T-cell subsets including CD3, CD4, and CD8 and serum interleukin (IL)-8 levels. Results There were significantly higher IL8, CD3, CD4, and CD8 and significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratio in patients than controls. There were significantly higher IL8, CD3, CD4, CD8, serum ferritin and iron levels and significantly lower total iron binding capacity (TIBC) level after splenectomy than before. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between serum ferritin and the immunological markers. Conclusion and recommendations Children with β-thalassemia major had significant abnormalities of the serum levels of CD3, CD4, CD8, and IL8 before and after splenectomy. These changes were associated with increased tendency to infections. Hence, evaluation of serum levels of IL8, CD4, and CD8 may be a useful tool and can help to provide new modalities for management.

Iron-chelating effect of silymarin in patients with β-thalassemia major: A crossover randomised control trial.

This study aimed to determine the potential iron-chelating effects of silymarin in patients with β-thalassemia major receiving standard iron-chelation therapy. We evaluated whether addition of silymarin to standard iron-chelation therapy could improve iron burden markers and liver and cardiac function in these patients, via a placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study. Silymarin (140mg) or placebo were administered thrice daily to all patients (n=82) for 12weeks, and after a 2-week washout period, patients were crossed over to the other groups. Silymarin efficacy was assessed by measuring serum iron level, ferritin level, total iron-binding capacity and liver and cardiac function on magnetic resonance imaging. Silymarin treatment resulted in a negative change in the serum iron and ferritin levels and a positive change in the total iron-binding capacity levels (treatment effect, p<.001, p=.06, and p=.05, respectively). Silymarin treatment led to positive changes in cardiac and liver function in both treatment sequences of study; however, this was not statistically significant. There was a negative change in liver iron concentration in both treatment sequences (treatment effect, p=.02). In conclusion, combined iron-chelation and silymarin therapy was effective for improving the iron-burden status in patients with β-thalassemia major.

The additional benefit of weighted subjective global assessment (SGA) for the predictability of mortality in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: A prospective study.

Although subjective global assessment (SGA) is a widely used tool for nutritional investigation, the scores are dependent on the inspectors' subjective opinions, and there are only few studies that directly assessed the usefulness of SGA and modified SGA in incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. A total of 365 incident PD patients between 2009 and 2015 were enrolled and measured with SGA and calculated using serum albumin and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) levels for weighted SGA. Cox analyses were performed to delineate the association between SGA or weighted SGA and all-cause mortality, and a receiver-operating characteristic was conducted to reveal the additional benefit of weighted SGA on predicting adverse clinical outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that the cumulative survival rate in patients with "Good nutrition" (G1) was significantly higher compared to those with "Mild to severe malnutrition" (G2). G2 was significantly associated with an increase in the mortality even after adjusting for several covariates compared with G1. Moreover, a 1-unit increase in weighted SGA was also significantly correlated with mortality after adjustment of the same covariates, while G2 was not significantly associated with an increase in the mortality among young-aged (under 65 years) groups. Meanwhile, a 1-unit increase in weighted SGA was significantly related to an increase in mortality in all the subgroup analyses. Furthermore, the AUCs of weighted SGAs in all groups were significantly increased compared with those of SGA alone. In conclusions, the evaluation of nutritional status based on SGA in incident PD patients might be useful for predicting mortality. However, weighted SGA with serum albumin and TIBC can provide additional predictive power for mortality compared with SGA alone in incident PD patients.

Analysis of hematological parameters in patients treated with ketogenic diet due to drug-resistant epilepsy.

Benefits of the ketogenic diet (KD) in epileptic patients are well known while less is known about the nutritional risks of the diet and its potential impacts on biochemical nutritional status. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters of patients who have drug-resistant epilepsy and are treated with KD. Fifty-three patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (mean age 7.4±4.4years [2-18], 23 [43.4%] female) were included in the study. Demographic and laboratory data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed at baseline and Month 6 and Month 12 of the treatment. Repeated measures ANOVA (post hoc Bonferroni correction) and Friedman test were used to assess the changes in data during the treatment. Mean hemoglobin levels increased by 0.594g/dL after 6months (p=0.001) and by 0.602g/dL after 12months of the treatment (p=0.002). Mean hematocrit level was found to be significantly increased at Month 6 and 12 of the treatment compared to baseline [F(2,94)=8.9, p<0.0001]. An increase in MCV levels was determined with the KD treatment [F(2,94)=19.7, p<0.0001]. Mean level of vitamin B12 was found to be significantly increased in Month 12 of treatments compared to Month 6 [F(1.686,72.479)=3.472, p=0.035]. There was no significant effect of KD on other hematological parameters (red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet counts, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, transferrin saturation, and ferritin and folic acid levels). We can conclude that KD increases levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and serum vitamin B12 in patients with intractable epilepsy. Prospective, multi-center, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results.

Investigation of ischemia modified albumin levels in iron deficiency anemia

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), before and after oral iron supplementation in iron deficiency anemia and to determine the correlations between IMA and hemoglobin values. Study design IMA, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, iron, total iron binding capacity and albumin levels were measured in 140 female patients with newly established as iron deficiency anemia before and after treatment and in 84 female healthy controls. Results IMA levels were higher in the anemia group [0.340±0.082 absorbance units (ABSU)] compared to control group (0.291±0.077 ABSU). After oral iron therapy we saw that IMA values (0.392±0.080 ABSU) were higher than the IMA levels of the anemia group and the control group (p&lt;0.05). Only in the anemia group there were negative correlations between IMA and hemoglobin, hematocrit. Conclusion We conclude that the high levels of IMA in the anemia group might be attributed to hypoxia due to low hemoglobin levels. Iron is an oxidant element and oral iron supplementation may be associated with oxidative stress and may increase IMA levels by changing the albumin molecule. We thought that, IMA can be demonstrative of the severity of anemia since it was correlated with hemoglobin in the anemia group.

Effects of time course ferrous sulphate supplementation on iron regulation in pregnant rats

ObjectivesOur study aimed to evaluate the effects of ferrous sulphate supplementation on iron regulation and homeostasis in pregnant rats.MethodsTwenty-four pregnant rats were divided into four groups; including the control (untreated) pregnant group and the pregnant groups that received ferrous sulphate starting at the 1st trimester (1st day of pregnancy), 2nd trimester (8th day of pregnancy), and 3rd trimester (15th day of pregnancy). Ferrous sulphate was administered orally with an oral gavage until birth. Serum iron and total iron binding capacity were measured by a colorimetric method. Hepcidin levels were measured using an immunoassay method.ResultsThe serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin levels were significantly increased in the group given iron sulphate in the 3rd trimester compared with the 2nd or 1st trimesters and in the 3rd trimester compared with the 2nd trimester (p < 0.05). The total iron binding capacity levels were significantly decreased in the group that received iron sulphate in the 1st trimester compared with the 2nd or 3rd trimesters (p < 0.05). The total iron binding capacity levels were also significantly decreased in the group that received iron sulphate in the 2nd trimester compared with the 3rd trimester (p < 0.05).ConclusionsEarly administration of ferrous sulphate in pregnancy leads to higher levels of serum iron, transferrin saturation, and hepcidin.

Iron profiles of preterm infants at two months of chronological age

Background Preterm infants are vulnerable to iron deficiency (ID) due to lack of maternal iron stores, repeated phlebotomy, and the body’s increased demand for iron during growth. The risk of ID increases at 2 months of age, when hemoglobin (Hb) levels start to decrease. Adequacy of body iron level is assessed by ferritin, serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation (Tfsat), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and Hb measurements.Objective To describe iron profiles in preterm infants at 2 months of chronological age (CA).Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2-month-old infants, born at 32-36 weeks of gestational age, and who visited the Growth and Development Clinics at Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fatmawati, or Budi Kemuliaan Hospitals. Parental interviews and medical record reviews were done during the clinic visits. Complete blood count, blood smear, SI, TIBC, Tfsat, and ferritin level tests were performed.Results Eighty-three subjects were enrolled in this study. Most subjects were male (51%) and born to mothers &gt;20 years of age (93%). Subjects’ birth weights ranged from 1,180 g to 2,550 g. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 6% and that of ID was 10%. The lowest Hb level found in IDA infants was 6.8 g/dL, while the lowest ferritin level was 8.6 ng/mL. Median values for the other tests were as follows: SI 48 µg/dL, TIBC 329µg/dL, and Tfsat 17%. Subjects with IDA were all male (5/5), mostly achieved more than twice their birth weight (4/5), were non-iron supplemented (3/5), born to mothers with low educational background (3/5), and of low socioeconomic status (3/5).Conclusion The prevalence of IDA is 6% and that of ID is 10%. Most subjects with ID and IDA have low SI, high TIBC, low Tfsat, and low ferritin level. Most of the all-male IDA subjects weigh more than twice their birth weight, are non-iron supplemented, and born to mothers with low educational background and low socioeconomic status.

Comparison of Iron, Iron Binding Capacity and Ferritin Levels After Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery

Objective: Obesity is a worldwide disease affecting more than 300 million adults, BMI greater than 30. The incidence of obesity in Turkey is increasing. Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is an effective procedure for weight loss. The aim of this study was to investigate patient nutritional deficiencies in terms of iron, total iron binding capacity and ferritin parameters following laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was done on preoperative and postoperative laboratory results of randomly selected 100 patients who underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery since 2011. Standard surgical techniques were applied in both laparoscopic gastric plication (LGP) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Results: Randomly selected 100 patients (female: male=75:25) with a mean age of 38.1 year (range:16-60). Overall average Body Mass Index (BMI) of the patients was 46.9 kg/m2. 62 of patients were applied LGP, on the other hand 38 of them were applied LSG.Iron, total iron binding capacity and ferritin levels were compared preoperatively and postoperatively (3th month after operation) in both surgical techniques. Decrease in iron and total iron-binding capacity levels and increase of ferritin levels were found statistically significant (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Nutritional deficiencies resulting from the bariatric surgery can be detected by routine laboratory screening. In this study we also review the current knowledge of nutritional deficits in obese patients and those that commonly appear after bariatric surgery, especially iron, total iron binding capacity and ferritin levels. Our results show that supplementation should suggest routinely.

Estimation of hemoglobin, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity and serum ferritin levels in oral submucous fibrosis: A clinicopathological study.

Introduction:Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is also considered as an Asian version of sideropenic dysphagia, wherein chronic iron deficiency leads to mucosal susceptibility to irritants, such as chillies and areca nut products. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, in particular, serum iron levels, are considered as biochemical indicators for nutritional assessment. Serum iron content can thus be a predictor for the progression of the condition, and there appears to be an association between serum iron content and oral carcinogenesis. Therefore, biochemical assessment of oral precancerous conditions may help in early diagnosis and prognosis. Hence, the present study was aimed to evaluate Hb, serum iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and serum ferritin in OSMF patients.Materials and Methods:Forty cases of OSMF were staged clinically and graded histopathologically to assess the levels of Hb, serum iron, TIBC and serum ferritin and compared with normal subjects. The results were compared using t-test, ANOVA, and Tukeys multiple post hoc procedures.Results:It was observed that the levels of Hb, serum iron and serum ferritin levels gradually reduced in OSMF patients compared with controls and as the clinical stage and histological grade of OSMF progressed with a statistically significant P < 0.05. It was observed that the levels of TIBC gradually increased in OSMF patients compared with controls and as the clinical stage and histological grade of OSMF progressed with a statistically significant P < 0.05.Conclusion:The Hb, serum iron and serum ferritin levels in OSMF patients were reduced and TIBC increased as compared with controls and as the clinical stage and histological grade of OSMF advances indicating their role as a reliable biochemical indicator.

Oxidatively Modified Serotransferrin in Refractory Anemia with Ring Sideroblasts

IntroductionRefractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS), as a form of acquired primary sideroblastic anemia, represents about 11% of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and is classified as a low risk MDS. It´s defined by the WHO as a pure dyserythropoietic disorder with presence of >15% ringed sideroblasts in the bone marrow. Abnormal expression of several genes of heme synthesis in this MDS subgroup and excessive accumulation of iron especially in mitochondria, the main place of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, contributes to the elevated oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is also known as one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of MDS. High iron concentrations catalyse a Fenton reaction, where a hydroxyl radical is produced from hydrogen peroxide and causes an increase in ROS which may lead to the oxidation of DNA, lipids, and proteins, thereby causing cell damage.The aim of this study was to find a useful method for detection and identification of oxidatively modified proteins in plasma unique for RARS patients.MethodsCarbonylated protein levels were determined spectrophotometrically using dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) derivatization. Oxidatively modified proteins of plasma samples were derivatized with biotin hydrazide. The dialyzed biotin hydrazide labeled samples and negative controls were mixed with monomeric avidin resin. Captured carbonylated proteins were digested by trypsin and then identified by MS/MS mass spectrometry coupled to a nano-LC system. Mascot (Matrix Science, London, UK) was used for database searching (Swiss-Prot). Two unique peptides (with a higher Mascot score than the minimum for identification, P<0.05) were necessary to successfully identify a protein.Serum iron (Fe), serum ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and iron saturation were estimated in MDS patients in the Central National Biochemical Laboratory at the Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion.ResultsWe have compared plasma of RARS patients with healthy controls or with RCMD patients. We have found significant differences in the measured carbonyl levels between all three groups (***P=0.00036). Furthermore, carbonylated protein levels were significantly elevated in RARS patients (n=10; 2.63±0.58 nmol/mg protein) compared to healthy donors (n=20; 1.80±0.42 nmol/mg protein) (***P<0.001) and to RCMD patients (n=10; 1.83±0.58 nmol/mg protein) (**P=0.00298). We have identified a total number of 27 carbonylated proteins unique for RARS patients which were generated by the effect of ROS. Serotransferrin was found as one of the oxidatively modified proteins. We have also found a significant decrease in TIBC in RARS patients compared to RCMD patients (*P=0.03078). TIBC moderately negatively correlated with carbonyl levels (r=-0.56, P=0.04864) in two investigated subgroups of MDS.ConclusionsWe have shown that there is a clear difference in the effect of oxidative stress between RARS, RCMD patients and healthy controls. Moreover, RARS patients, as a low risk MDS, are characterized by significantly higher protein carbonyl levels in comparison to healthy controls and to RCMD patients. The various sensibility of proteins to oxidation (carbonylation) depends both on their plasma concentration and on their susceptibility to oxidative stress as metal-binding sites or structural characteristics of the proteins. Modification in molecular structure of transferrin could be associated with decreased TIBC. This is in agreement with our data of oxidative modification of serotransferrin in RARS patients and could explain the decreased TIBC levels. Our results suggest that measurement of plasma carbonyl levels and the isolation and identification of carbonylated plasma proteins could serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool in MDS.AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the project of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic for conceptual development of the research organization 00023736, by Grant from the Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic (P205/12/G118), and by ERDF OPPK CZ.2.16/3.1.00/28007. DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Lower hemoglobin levels in patients with parkinson's disease are associated with disease severity and iron metabolism

Although several lines of evidence suggest that low levels of hemoglobin are a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), few studies have examined changes in hemoglobin after PD onset. In this study, we quantify alterations in hemoglobin after the onset of PD and explore possible mechanisms for changes in hemoglobin. We enrolled 213 PD and 219 control subjects between 2013 and 2014 at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University. We collected data from routine blood tests (including markers of iron metabolism) and measured basic clinical parameters. The hemoglobin levels were lower in PD patients relative to control subjects (125.1±15.68g/L and 139.9±11.83g/L, respectively; p＜0.001). Serum iron levels did not change in PD patients compared to control subjects (14.92±4.88μmol/L and 15.73±4.40μmol/L, respectively; p=0.35). Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was also unaltered (PD group: 48.29±9.13μmol/L; control group: 49.74±8.35 μmol/L; p=0.43). The level of ferritin in PD and control subjects was 174.07±74.04ng/mL and 191.82±91.49ng/mL (p=0.04), respectively. We further analyzed the relationship between iron metabolism and PD by stratifying the data by disease severity and found that late-stage PD patients have lower levels of iron, ferritin, and TIBC (14.36±4.95μmol/L, 162.24±71.25μmol/L and 46.84±10.15ng/mL) compared to age-matched controls. Significant correlations were observed between hemoglobin levels and iron metablism. Our results suggest that hemoglobin levels are lower in PD patients compared to controls and are associated with the severity of PD and iron metabolism.