Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

The Relationship between Vitamin D, Inflammatory Markers, and Insulin Resistance in Children.

In this study, we investigated 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, vitamin D), inflammatory hematologic ratios such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), monocyte/HDL-C ratio (MHR) and plasma atherogenic index (PAI) and possible relationships with insulin resistance (IR) in children. A total of 210 individuals, including 96 children with IR and 114 children without IR, aged 6-18 years, who were admitted to the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic at Medicine Hospital, Istanbul Atlas University were included in our study. Compared to patients without IR, NLR, PLR, SII, and MHR were significantly higher in patients with IR. Fasting insulin, PAI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HOMA-β were significantly higher and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was considerably lower in patients with IR compared to those without IR. NLR, SII, and MHR were lower in normal vitamin D groups than the others (p < 0.001). PLR was lower in the group with normal vitamin D levels than the groups with insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D (D < 21). We found that vitamin D deficiency in childhood is related to increased levels of circulating inflammatory markers (NLR, PLR, MHR, PAI), IR, and decreased insulin sensitivity. According to our results, supplementation of vitamin D may be beneficial in averting IR and enhanced systemic inflammation.

Landscape of in situ cytokine expression, soluble C-type lectin receptors, and vitamin D in patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

The immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is poorly understood. Recently, it was reported that patients with RVVC present a decrease in both the fungicidal capacity of neutrophils and the proliferative capability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Candida albicans infection, suggesting an alteration in the innate and adaptive immune response. The aim of this study was to determine the in-situ expression, in the vaginal mucosa, of genes associated with the immune response, as well as the serum concentrations of dectin-1, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and vitamin D in patients with RVVC. A study was carried out on 40 patients with a diagnosis of RVVC and 26 healthy women. Vaginal scrapings were obtained, and the expression of genes that encode cytokines and transcription factors specific for Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, pro-inflammatory profiles, and enzymes related to oxidative/microbicidal mechanisms was evaluated by quantitiative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Additionally, serum levels of vitamin D and the soluble receptors dectin-1 and MBL were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In patients with RVVC, a decreased expression of T-bet, RORγ-T, IL-1β, and IL-17, and an increase in the expression of FOXP3, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were observed when compared to healthy women: moreover, decreased levels of MBL were also observed in these patients. These results confirm that patients with RVVC present in-situ alterations in both the specific and adaptive immune response against Candida spp., a fact that could be associated with the exaggerated vaginal inflammatory response.

Relationship between urinary tract infections and serum vitamin D level in adults and children- a literature review.

Over time, researchers have accumulated significant evidence indicating that vitamin D deficiency not only impacts skeletal health but also contributes to the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. The risk of low serum 1, 25(OH)2D3 level ultimately directs the way to morbidity, the beginning of new diseases, and numerous infections. Infections are the first entity that affects those with vitamin D deficiency. The common infection is urinary tract infection(UTI), and its relationship with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency remains controversial. This infection affects both men and women, but comparatively, women are more prone to this infection because of the short length of the urethra, which makes an easy entry for the bacteria. The low level of serum vitamin D increases the risk of UTIs in children. Recurrent UTIs are one of the major weaknesses in women; if left untreated, they progress to appallingly serious conditions like kidney dysfunction, liver damage, etc. Hence improving the vitamin D status may help to improve the immune system, thus making it more resistant to infections. In this review, we have focused on examining whether vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are the causes of UTIs and the association between them in women and children. We have also described the connection between vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency with UTIs and additional nanotechnology- based treatment strategies.

Оцінка впливу феруму, цинку і селену на перебіг метаболічних процесів при вірусних захворюваннях

The deficiency of macro- and microelements and the disturbance of their balance are widely recognized issues in healthcare, with poor nutrition exacerbating disruptions in metabolic processes at both the cellular and organismal levels. All these metabolic circumstances and disruptions in metabolic processes contribute to the development of various pathological conditions, including viral infections. Macro- and microelements play a crucial role in many metabolic processes that affect the course of infectious diseases. These processes include oxidative phosphorylation, which is altered in patients with systemic inflammation and protection against mediators, including oxidants. Microelements are necessary for direct antioxidant activity and also function as cofactors for various antioxidant enzymes. Immune function also depends on an adequate level of vitamins and microelements. It can be enhanced by restoring microelement deficiencies to recommended levels, thereby increasing resistance to infection and promoting faster recovery after infection. Balanced nutrition alone is insufficient, hence the need for the supplementation of microelements tailored to specific age-related requirements. In this article, we explore the importance of the optimal balance of individual macro- and microelements for effectively combating viral infections.

Association Between the Level of Vitamin D and COVID-19 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a notable impact on worldwide health across diverse age groups. Although children and adolescents were initially considered less vulnerable, they have also shown susceptibility to the virus, emphasizing the importance of understanding associated risk factors. Epidemiological data reveal an increasing number of COVID-19 cases in this age group. The aim is to conduct a systematic assessment of the association between the level of vitamin D and COVID-19 infection in children and adolescents following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across various databases up to October 7, 2023. Studies assessing laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients, the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum, and clinical outcomes were encompassed. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Thirteen studies, conducted across six countries and involving 1,071 pediatric patients, were included. Vitamin D deficiency was prevalent among children and adolescents with COVID-19. Some studies suggested that vitamin D deficiency significantly increased the risk of COVID-19 infection and was linked to disease progression. Furthermore, deficiency in vitamin D demonstrated an association with increased levels of inflammatory markers, reduced lymphocyte counts, and heightened clinical symptoms, including fever and cough. Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be a crucial strategy for reducing COVID-19 severity and associated complications in children and adolescents. Nevertheless, there is a requirement for additional high-quality research to establish specific guidelines regarding vitamin D supplementation in this population amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Randomized trial of influence of vitamin D on the prevention and improvement of symptomatic COVID-19

We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin D2 on COVID-19 and the improvement of symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The study recruited 228 health care workers who tested negative PCR or antigen for COVID-19. Subjects were randomly allocated to vitamin D2 or non-intervention at a ratio 1:1. Subjects recorded PCR or antigen tests and the symptoms of COVID-19 twice a week during the follow-up visit. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reaction protein (CRP), complement component C1q and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The rates of COVID-19 infection were 50.5% in the vitamin D2 group and 52.4% in the non-intervention group (P = 0.785). There was no difference in the COVID-19 symptoms between the two groups. The mean 25(OH)D level significantly increased from 14.1 to 31.1 ng/mL after administration (P < 0.001). The difference between the two groups was not significant for the concentrations of CRP, C1q and inflammatory cytokines on the thirtieth day of the trial. According to the second level of vitamin D, there was a 14.3% difference in positive infection rates between the vitamin D adequate (> 30 ng/mL) and deficient groups (< 20 ng/mL). Adequate vitamin D had a tendency to prevent COVID-19.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05673980, dated: 12/2022.

Correlation of Co-Morbidities with Symptom Severity of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

This study aims to identify potential correlations of the severity of symptoms of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with serum nutritional levels, body composition indicators, diet partiality, and sleep disturbances. The cohort of this cross-sectional study included 120 children with ASD and 110 typically developing (TD) children to assess symptoms of ASD, and to measure serum levels of vitamins and minerals and the body composition values. Diet partiality and sleep disturbances were assessed by administering questionnaires. The serum levels of folic acid, copper, and vitamin B were lower in children with ASD than in TD children, while magnesium and homocysteine were higher (p < 0.05). Children with ASD had greater chest circumference, abdominal skinfold thickness, and body mass index (BMI) than TD children (p < 0.05), and higher prevalences of diet partiality and sleep disturbances (p < 0.001). Lower vitamin A levels and higher vitamin D levels were related to social impairment in children with ASD. Moreover, there were significantly positive correlations of BMI, chest circumference, diet partiality, and sleep disturbances with severity of ASD symptoms (p < 0.05). Collectively, rational nutritional supplementation, dietary management, and behavioral interventions are essential for children with ASD.

Levels of plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D and risk of developing type 2 diabetes in a large Danish primary health care population.

Plasma levels of Vitamin D (25(OH)D) have been suggested as a predictor for developing type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate if a measurement of plasma 25(OH)D could predict the development of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 222,311 individuals from primary healthcare in Denmark. The CopD-study database containing data from the Copenhagen General Practitioners Laboratory on blood tests conducted from April 2004 to January 2012 was used for identification of the study population. Incident type 2 diabetes was then defined as having at least two redeemed prescriptions of antidiabetics or at least two hospital contacts due to type 2 diabetes or one redeemed prescription and one hospital contact regarding type 2 diabetes. A total of 222,311 individuals were included in the study, of whom 7652 (3.4%) developed type 2 diabetes during the follow-up period of minimum one year. Individuals who developed type 2 diabetes had a significantly lower median 25(OH)D level than persons in the non-diabetes group. The hazard ratio for development of type 2 diabetes increased by 15% per 10nmol/L decrease in 25(OH)D level. In this study of 222,311 persons from primary health care in Denmark, we found a clear inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Further studies should be conducted to clarify the mechanisms behind the relationship between 25(OH)D and type 2 diabetes and the effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on the development of type 2 diabetes.

The Role of Vitamin D in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Implications for Graft-versus-Host Disease-A Narrative Review.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in immune modulation, which may influence the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This study aims to evaluate the impact of vitamin D levels and supplementation on the incidence of GvHD in HSCT patients. A narrative review was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Embase databases. The reviewed studies indicated widespread vitamin D deficiency among HSCT patients, with baseline levels ranging from 12.8 to 29.2 ng/mL. Supplementation protocols varied significantly, with dosages ranging from 1000 IU/day to 60,000 IU/week. Post-supplementation levels improved in some studies. Studies exploring the relationship between vitamin D and GvHD showed mixed results. Lower baseline vitamin D levels were associated with an increased risk of acute GvHD in some studies, while others found no significant correlation. However, a significant association between low levels of vitamin D and the incidence of chronic GvHD was observed. Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in HSCT patients and may influence the risk of developing chronic GvHD. Future research should focus on larger and more rigorous studies to determine the optimal role of vitamin D as an adjuvant therapy in the context of HSCT.

Assessment of Vitamin D, Vitamin B12, and Folate Levels in Recently Identified Pregnant Females.

Background: Pregnancy is a critical period where optimal maternal and fetal health depends on adequate nutritional status. Deficiencies in essential vitamins, such as vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate, can result in adverse health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to assess the serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate in early pregnancy. Methodology: This cross-sectional research was conducted at Kurdistan Private Hospital in Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, from September 2022 to October 2023. The study included 150 pregnant women, with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years. Serum levels of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate were measured using the Automatic Clinical Chemistry Analyzer COBAS e 411 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland). Results: The mean age of the participants was 29 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.2 years), with ages ranging from 18 to 45 years. The average serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level was 4,292 mIU/mL (SD = 3,947 mIU/mL), with a range of 98 to 10,000 mIU/mL. The mean serum levels were 17.8 ng/mL (SD = 11.6) for vitamin D, 367 pg/mL (SD = 245) for vitamin B12, and 11.5 ng/mL (SD = 4.6) for folate. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significant, with 92 participants (61.3%) having levels below 20 ng/mL, 39 participants (26%) having insufficient levels ranging from 20 to 29 ng/mL, and only 19 participants (12.7%) having sufficient levels between 30 and 100 ng/mL. No cases of vitamin D toxicity (>150 ng/mL) were observed. Regarding vitamin B12, 32 participants (21.3%) had deficient levels (<200 pg/mL), while 118 participants (78.7%) had normal levels. Folate analysis revealed that 3 participants (2%) had moderate deficiency (2-3 ng/mL), 14 participants (9.3%) had mild deficiency (3-6 ng/mL), and there were no cases of severe folate deficiency (<2 ng/mL). Pearson correlation analysis showed weak correlations between the study variables, with the strongest being a weak negative correlation between age and serum folate levels (-0.18). Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the pregnant women included in the study, while the levels of folate and vitamin B12 were comparable to worldwide estimates. These findings focus attention on the importance of monitoring and addressing nutritional deficiencies at the beginning and throughout pregnancy. They also underline the need for preventive health interventions to correct these deficiencies and achieve the best outcomes for both maternal and fetal health.

Evaluation of the natural killer cell subsets and their relationship with serum interferon gamma and vitamin D levels in women with stages III and IV endometriosis: A case-control study.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Moreover, a normal vitamin D level is remarkably associated with an optimal immune response. So, there may be a probable relationship between these factors and the endometriotic women. This study aimed to evaluate the percentage of NK cells and their subsets and their relationship with serum levels of vitamin D and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in women with endometriosis. In this case-control study, 29 women with stage III-IV endometriosis and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The study was conducted in the Immunology Department of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran between November 2021 and June 2022. The percentage of NK cells and their subsets, including CD56 CD16 , CD56 CD16 and CD56 CD16 were measured in the peripheral blood samples using flow cytometry. Serum levels of vitamin D and IFN-γ were also measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean percentage of NK cells in women with endometriosis increased significantly compared to the control group (p = 0.03). The percentage of CD56 CD16 (p = 0.007) and CD56 CD16 (p = 0.043) increased significantly in women with endometriosis in comparison with the control group, but the percentage of CD56 CD16 subset was not significantly different. No relationship was observed between NK cells and their subsets with vitamin D and IFN-γ in the studied groups. The study of NK cell subsets and their related factors can be useful in assessing and treating women suffering from endometriosis. However, more comprehensive studies are required to draw definitive conclusions about these observations.

Investigating the Relationship Between Serum Thyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Levels in Women with Melasma

Patches and macules of hyperpigmentation characterize melasma, a prevalent condition of skin pigmentation. Known risk factors for melasma include a genetic predisposition, sun exposure, and pregnancy. Melasma may have a connection to thyroid issues, according to previous research. Considering that vitamin D influences and promotes melanocytes' melanin formation, this study sought to examine the correlation between thyroid problems, blood vitamin D levels, and melasma in female patients seen at Al-Mahmoudiya Hospital. Both Wood's light investigation and clinical evaluation by seasoned dermatologists verified the melasma diagnosis. There were 80 participants in total, with 40 assigned to the melasma group and 40 to the control group. Their ages and sexes were matched. In all groups, blood samples were taken to assess levels of TSH, Anti-TPO, T3, T4, and vitamin D. Melasma patients' clinical pigmentation severity was assessed using the standard mMASI score. I used SPSS (IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 21 to conduct the statistical analysis. Melasma patients were more likely to have thyroid problems (50%) and lower vitamin D serum levels (47.5%), compared to the control group (27.5%) and healthy individuals (40%). The levels of thyroid hormone (T3) and vitamin D were found to be considerably higher in the case group as compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). A relationship was found between Anti-TPO and mMASI Score (P&lt; 0.05) when the relationship between age, thyroid hormones, vitamin D, and mMASI Score was investigated. Melasma and pigmentation intensity are linked to thyroid autoimmune diseases. The most prevalent clinical form of melasma is the centro facial variant as well.

Effects of Immunotoxicity biomarkers, essential elements and vitamin D levels on the severity levels of COVID-19 disease in Turkey.

Many mechanisms are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in 2019 and affected the whole world. It has been claimed that a deficiency in the immune system can significantly affect the severity of COVID-19 disease. It is important that the levels of essential elements and vitamin D are at certain levels for the healthy functioning of the immune system. Therefore, in this study, it was aimed to evaluate immunotoxicity biomarkers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)), vitamin D, and essential element levels in COVID-19 patients in Turkey. According to the results of the study, it was found that the magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) levels decreased as the severity of the disease worsened, while the iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) levels were similar to the mild group and the control group, and the levels decreased as the disease worsened. It has also been found that vitamin D levels decrease as the severity of the disease worsens. Compared to the control group, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IFN-γ levels were found to decrease as the severity of the disease worsened. Also, it was observed that there was a significant relationship between essential metal levels and disease progression in most of the patient groups.

Association of variant vitamin statuses and tuberculosis development: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Several studies have suggested an association between vitamin deficiency and the development of tuberculosis; however, the precise impact remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between distinct vitamin statuses and the occurrence of tuberculosis. Materials and methods Retrieval was conducted using several databases without language restrictions to capture the eligible studies on tuberculosis and vitamin status. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), relative risks (RRs), and hazard ratios (HRs) were used with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to clarify the relationship between the different vitamin statuses (A, B, D, and E) and the occurrence of tuberculosis. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, meta-regression analysis, and Galbraith plot were performed to determine sources of heterogeneity. Potential publication biases were detected using Begg’s test, Egger’s test, and the trim-and-fill test. Results We identified 10,266 original records from our database searches, and 69 eligible studies were considered in this study. The random-effect model showed that people with tuberculosis may exhibit vitamin A deficiency (OR = 10.66, 95%CI: 2.61–43.63, p = .001), while limited cohort studies showed that vitamin A supplementation may reduce tuberculosis occurrence. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was identified as a risk factor for tuberculosis development (RR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.06–2.67, p = .026), and people with tuberculosis generally had lower vitamin D levels (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.76–2.73, p < .001) compared to other groups. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that people with tuberculosis exhibited low levels of vitamins A and D, while vitamin D deficiency was identified as a risk factor for tuberculosis. More randomized controlled interventions at the community levels should be recommended to determine the association between specific vitamin supplementation and tuberculosis onset.

Impact of Water Scarcity on the Growth of Golden Sweet Potato

In this review study, the effect of water scarcity on the growth of Golden Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas) is investigated. Particular emphasis is made to the morphological and biochemical responses of this significant crop to weather circumstances that are characterized by drought. One of the most important crops, the golden sweet potato is well-known for the remarkable nutritional benefits it has, including high levels of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Water scarcity, which is made worse by climate change and expanding agricultural requirements, poses significant threats to its production and productivity. However, these threats are made worse by the fact that water is scarce. In order to achieve the objective of this study, which is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the growth and physiological health of Golden Sweet Potato plants are influenced by decreased water availability, the data from prior studies will be synthesized. The study focuses on the key morphological changes that occur as a result of water scarcity. These changes include a decrease in plant height, leaf area, biomass production, and root architecture. When the plant is experiencing a drought, these alterations demonstrate that it is making an effort to save water and maintain critical physiological functions. Biological reactions, such as alterations in protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, antioxidant activity, and chlorophyll content, are also investigated in this research. Chlorophyll content regularly decreases in reaction to water scarcity, which in turn reduces the efficiency of photosynthetic processes and the overall amount of energy produced. Through the production of stress-responsive proteins and the accumulation of osmolytes, which are both essential adaptation processes, plants are able to control the process of dehydration and maintain the integrity of their cells. An further characteristic response that protects plants from the oxidative stress that is brought on by drought is an increase in the activity of antioxidants. For the purpose of summarizing, this article presents a comprehensive investigation of the ways in which water scarcity influences the growth of golden sweet potatoes. It also gives insights into the processes by which the plant adapts to drought and alternative approaches for improving drought resistance. When it comes to finding solutions to the issues that are brought about by climate change and water scarcity in agriculture, the findings highlight how urgently additional research and ingenuity are required.

The Analysis Study of The Effect Vitamin D to Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People with Pre-Diabetes : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Individuals with prediabetes are at a 50% increased risk of advancing to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Deficient levels of vitamin D are associated with higher risks of insulin resistance and diabetes. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, focusing exclusively on full-text articles published in English between 2012 and 2024. Result: The review process involved analyzing over 300 publications from the selected databases. After an initial screening, eight studies met the criteria for detailed examination. These studies underwent an in-depth review to ensure a rigorous and comprehensive evaluation of their findings. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation may offer potential benefits in reducing the risk of T2DM in individuals with prediabetes by enhancing insulin synthesis and sensitivity. However, the overall effectiveness of diabetes prevention is still debated, with recent large-scale trials reporting nonsignificant results. The fat-soluble nature of vitamin D may limit its effectiveness in obese individuals. The American Diabetes Association advocates for further research to explore the potential advantages of combining vitamin D supplementation with lifestyle interventions.

The role of anti-osteoporosis drugs in fall risk

Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration, which leads to an increased risk of fractures. A significant concern associated with osteoporosis is the risk of falls, which can result in fractures and other related complications. This review examines the role of anti-osteoporosis drugs in the prevention of falls, focusing on pharmacological interventions that have shown promise in reducing the incidence of falls in osteoporotic patients. Falls in older people often lead to fractures, decreased mobility and reduced quality of life. Given that individuals with osteoporosis are more susceptible to fractures, it is essential to explore therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating fall risk in this population. Anti-osteoporosis drugs have been developed primarily to improve bone mineral density and strength. The most extensively explored in this sense is probably vitamin D. Several meta-analyses have indicated that vitamin D could reduce the risk of falling compared with placebo. For this nutrient, important in vitro and experimental research data are available showing, overall, a positive effect on muscle. However, there is emerging evidence that large bolus doses and/or high levels of vitamin D may increase the risk of falls. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-кB ligand), is widely used to treat osteoporosis, and its influence on falls, although supported by a recent systematic review, is currently under investigation. Understanding the relationship between anti-osteoporosis medications and fall prevention is critical in comprehensive management of osteoporosis. Although these drugs are primarily used to improve bone health, their influence on falls is an intriguing topic. KEY WORDS: Falls, denosumab, vitamin D, romosozumab.

Comparison of Serum Vitamins C, D, and E in Iraqi Colorectal Cancer Patients with and without Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease to Healthy Individuals

Abstract Depending on their protective properties against different cases of Colorectal Cancer (CRC), vitamins C, D, and E are the main focus of this research. CRC is one of the global public health concerns. 30 healthy individuals provided serum samples, whereas the group of CRC patients was divided into three, totaling 90 individuals. Group I consisted of 30 newly diagnosed cases of CRC. Group II 30 consisted of consisted of 30 CRC patients who were administered three cycles of chemotherapy. Group III consisted of 30 diagnosed CRC patients who also have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The concentrations and groups of vitamins C, D, and E were evaluated using ELISA. The levels of Vitamin C were significantly lower (p &lt;0.0001) in individuals newly diagnosed with CRC, as compared to the control group. Patients who were recently diagnosed and treated for CRC and NAFLD exhibited comparable amounts of vitamin C. The level of vitamin E in control, newly diagnosed CRC and treated CRC patients displayed no significant differences, however comparing with newly diagnosed patients that suffered NAFLD, a significant decrease (p = 0.0014) in the level of vitamin E in CRC with NAFLD group was. The levels of Vitamin D in all groups of patients with colorectal cancer were significantly lower than those in the control group (p &lt;0.0001). Colon cancer patients exhibited significantly decreased levels of vitamin C and D compared to healthy individuals. Vitamins showed potential as diagnostic markers for distinguishing between groups. It is necessary to analyze these findings as the level of serum vitamins may have potential use in the prognosis of the CRC in patients.

Association of vitamin B12 and vitamin D in T2DM patients in north Indian population

IntroductionDiabetes mellitus, highly prevalent endocrine disorder and metformin is the most frequently recommended oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA). MethodsWe recruited 100 individuals who were taking OHA including metformin more than one year as cases and 40 healthy individuals as control. The patients were divided into three groups. The first group, Group I (n = 58) patients taking metformin, group II (n = 42) patients taking OHA other than metformin and group III (n = 40), taken as control group. ResultsIn groups I, II, and III, a considerable number of patients experienced low levels of vitamin B12 i.e. 42 (72.41 %), 8 (19.05 %), and 14 (35 %) respectively. When comparing all groups, p-value was highly significant (p = 0.000). 35 (60.36 %), 13(30.95 %), and 15(37.5 %) patients had insufficient levels of vitamin D in groups I, II, III respectively. On comparing, p-value was highly significant (p = 0.007). ConclusionThe study concluded that long-term metformin treatment causes insufficiency and deficiency of vitamin D and vitamin B12, respectively.

Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Orthopedic Trauma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey From a Tertiary Care Trauma Center.

Background Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent globally, with potential consequences for bone health and trauma outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in orthopedic trauma patients and investigate its correlation with various demographic and injury-related factors. Methodology A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken at a tertiary care center. An evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels was conducted on 124 individuals, aged 20 to 70 years, who were hospitalized with orthopedic injuries. Demographic information, the injury method, the bone involvement pattern, and socioeconomic status were documented. Statistical analysis was employed to evaluate the correlations between vitamin levels D and these variables. Results The overall prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 54 (43.6%) cases, with nine (7.3%) cases exhibiting severe deficiency and 45 (36.3%) cases exhibiting moderate deficiency. Higher rates of deficiency were associated with lower socioeconomic status (p = 0.044) and low-velocity trauma (p = 0.037). No significant association was found with age, sex, or residence. Interestingly, patients with multiple fractures were more prone to deficiency compared to those with single fractures. Conclusions This survey revealed a significant vitamin D deficiency among orthopedic trauma patients. Factors such as socioeconomic status and the nature of the injury emerged as significant risk factors. While conducting routine vitamin D assessments might pose challenges in developing nations, consistent supplementation could prove advantageous in enhancing fracture healing and overall health outcomes among this demographic. There is a call for future research to delve deeper into the role of vitamin D in trauma management and refine supplementation strategies.