Levels Of Suspended Solids Research Articles

Water quality within the greater Suva urban marine environment through spatial analysis of nutrients and water properties.

Coastal ecosystems in Pacific Island Countries and Territories are vital to local livelihoods, yet increasingly face pressures from urbanization. In Fiji, the Greater Suva Urban Area, where one-third of the nation's population live, exemplifies these challenges. This study examines spatial and temporal water quality variations in the coastal zone, focusing on physicochemical, nutrients, and clarity parameters. Using a Seabird Scientific SBE19 CTD and Thermo Scientific Orion™ AQUAfast™ colorimeter, coupled with hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, six water quality clusters were identified, influenced by oceanic processes, river inputs, and anthropogenic activities. Key findings highlight nutrient enrichment near urban centers particularly at the Kinoya Sewage Treatment Plant outfall, where ammonia exceeded 17.8mg/L, and significant variation observed in nitrate (up to 0.24±0.06mg/L) and nitrite (up to 0.24±0.06mg/L) concentrations near river mouths. Seasonal runoff contributed to elevated turbidity (up to 3.5 NTU) and total suspended solids (up to 14.7mg/L) levels during wet months. Salinity, and temperature exhibited strong spatial and seasonal variability, reflecting land-ocean interactions and restricted water exchange. These findings emphasize the need for targeted action to mitigate nutrient pollution, urban runoff, and wastewater impacts. This study provides a cost-effective monitoring framework for water quality management, offering insights for sustainable coastal resource management in Fiji and other Pacific regions amidst urbanization and climate change.

Comparison of Canna indica, Pontederia sagittata and Heliconia rostrata as phytoremediator species in the treatment of gray water in Úrsula Galván, Ver.

Artificial wetlands began to be used as tools for wastewater treatment. It was found that these could be built following the same operating principle as natural wetlands, which since they existed have fulfilled the function of storing and purifying wastewater. water. In some studies, the species: Canna indica, Pontederia sagittata and Heliconia spp. have shown potential for contaminant removal. Due to the high demand for these plants as phytoremediation species, several studies have evaluated the role of Heliconia in wastewater remediation, finding positive effects in bioremediation (Ascuntar and Toro 2007, Gómez and Segura 2008, Gutiérrez 2009, Sandoval 2009, Peña et al., 2011). Pontederia cordata has a root system, which has microorganisms associated with it that favors the purifying action of aquatic plants, retaining heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As) in their tissues. In addition, it removes some organic compounds, such as phenols, formic acid, dyes and pesticides, and reduces levels of BOD5, COD and suspended solids. (Celis et al., 2005). The species Canna indica is considered an effective plant for phytoremediation due to its physiological and morphological properties.

Hydrological impacts of the conservation reserve program—a mini review

The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary land conservation initiative implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program aims to improve the natural environment and enhance wildlife by incentivizing landowners to convert sensitive agricultural land into vegetative cover. This mini review synthesizes known peer-reviewed research on the effects of CRP on hydrological processes, highlighting the effects on water quality, groundwater levels, surface water yields, surface water runoff, and effects on the hydrological cycle. These studies show that the CRP appears to have a positive impact on water quality, decreasing the levels of nitrogen and suspended solids. Furthermore, the CRP denotes positive results when used to manage excess runoff on surrounding land. Regarding groundwater volume, the impact of CRP varied by location and showed limited changes in volume. Despite these findings, this review highlights the need for further and continued research on the effects of CRP on hydrology to improve monitoring strategies and increase its benefits on the environment.

Dominance of Particulate Mercury in Stream Transport and Rapid Watershed Recovery from Wildfires in Northern California, USA.

Frequency and intensity of wildfires are expected to increase due to climate change, especially in areas with a long summer drought. Forests are a major sink for the global pollutant mercury (Hg), and fluvial transport of Hg from recently burned watersheds has not been widely investigated. Here, we examined two years of fluvial transport of Hg and its speciation (total Hg, methyl-Hg, particulate, and dissolved forms) under storm events and baseflow in two recently burned watersheds with different burned proportions and one nonburned reference watershed in the Coastal Ranges of northern California. We examined postfire storm-event transport of Hg and its methylated form (methyl-Hg), addressed the importance of the "initial runoff pulse" to postfire Hg fluvial transport and its predominant association with suspended solids, and elucidated potential sources of Hg exports from the burned landscapes using geochemical indicators, which suggested that ash materials were likely the significant sources of particulates in the first high-flow season postfire but not subsequently. The maximum total suspended solid and total Hg levels in the "first pulse" at the severely burned watershed were 442 and 46 times higher, respectively, than those at the reference watershed. Stream suspended solid and Hg levels declined substantially in the burned watersheds after just a few months of rainfall likely due to the rapid regrowth of vegetation commonly observed in postfire landscapes, implying that the wildfire effects on immediate Hg inputs from the burned landscape are at most transient in nature.

Acclimatation of Microbial Biomass to Effluents From a Swine Slaughterhouse in Batch Reactors

Objective: To evaluate the acclimatization of microbial biomass in sequential reactors to optimize the treatment of wastewater from pig slaughterhouses. Theoretical framework: The meat industry generates highly contaminated wastewater. Biological treatments, such as aerobic and anaerobic systems, are more efficient and sustainable than physicochemical ones. Materials and methods: Industrial effluents were collected in a pig slaughterhouse and then characterized. The microbial biomass was collected from the same slaughterhouse and was subjected to an acclimatization process in a sequential batch reactor. Results and discussion: The results showed that the wastewater from the pig slaughterhouse had high levels of BOD, COD and suspended solids, exceeding the limits established by local regulations. During the acclimatization process, the microbial biomass demonstrated a gradual improvement in its COD removal capacity, reaching efficiencies greater than 70%. The positive correlation observed between volumetric organic load and organic matter removal efficiency indicates that acclimated biomass has a greater capacity to treat effluents with high levels of organic load. Research implications: Biomass acclimatization is essential to improve the efficiency of biological treatment in slaughterhouse effluents, reducing its environmental impact and the need for costly treatments. Value/originality: This study proposes a more sustainable and efficient solution for the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater, highlighting the importance of biomass acclimatization.

Integration of a 3D-printed electrochemical reactor with a tubular membrane photoreactor to promote sulfate-based advanced oxidation processes

This study investigates the integration of an in-house 3D printed electrochemical cell − SERPIC-UCLM® cell – for the in situ generation of peroxymonosulfuric acid (PMSA) witha lab-scale tubular membrane photoreactor (TMPr) to evaluate the effectiveness of sulfate-radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) in eliminating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from reverse osmosis and nanofiltration concentrates (ROC and NFC, respectively). First, the SERPIC-UCLM® cell was evaluated in terms of mass transport features employing the limiting current technique, demonstrating favorable volumetric mass transport rates (kmA ∼ 10–3 s–1) and Sherwood values (Sh > 300) under the laminar flow regime (110 < Reynolds (Re) < 790). Afterward, the effect of the electrolyte (sulfuric acid, H2SO4) initial pH in the electrochemical generation of PMSA was studied, with an initial pH of 1 selected as optimal. PMSA is a highly reactive peroxyacid that undergoes self-decomposition at neutral pH media (e.g., ROC and NFC with a pH of 7.6 and 7.9, respectively), primarily existing in the form of peroxomonosulfate (PMS). Additionally, the phototreatment of the ROC and NFC was assessed using the electrogenerated PMS and commercial peroxydisulfate (PDS) under the same conditions. The results indicated comparable degradation patterns for CECs in both ROC and NFC. Furthermore, the application of 2.4 mM PMS resulted in removals higher than 60 % for 7 of the 11 CECs identified in the NFC, and ensured compliance with wastewater discharge regulations for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) levels. These findings emphasize the importance of this technology, showing its advantages in terms of versatility and logistics.

The Influence of Aloe Vera Biocoagulant and Mixing Time in Reducing Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solids Levels

Aloe vera is a plant with complex composition of carbohydrates, sugars, and mucilage, enabling it to bind particles in water and serve as a coagulant in the coagulation-flocculation process. This study aims to assess the impact of varying doses and rapid stirring times on the reduction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solids (TSS) levels in liquid waste from pharmaceutical companies. The research involves two factors: (1) aloe vera concentration at three levels (20 mL/L, 40 mL/L, and 60 mL/L); (2) fast mixing time at three levels (20 minutes, 40 minutes, and 60 minutes), with each treatment repeated thrice. Levels of BOD, COD and TSS were measured post-treatment using a jar test tool. The results of the analysis showed that the optimal efficacy of the aloe vera coagulant occurred at a concentration of 40 mL/L for 40 minutes. At this optimal condition, the effectiveness of the aloe vera coagulant in reducing BOD, COD and TSS levels was 72.3%, 78.5%, and 65.3%, respectively. This indicates that the aloe vera coagulant can be effectively utilized in the treatment of pharmaceutical industrial wastewater to reduce BOD, COD and TSS levels

Valorization of treated wastewater from the soaking of baby alpaca skin fur

Baby alpaca fur industry generates considerable wastewater during the soaking process, which contains high levels of total suspended solids (TSSs), proteins, and salts, among other components. The valorization of wastewater after precipitation, coagulation–flocculation, and aeration treatments was evaluated for use in irrigation water, fertigation, groundwater recharge, concrete construction, and disposal. The precipitation treatment sludge and the coagulation–flocculation treatment were evaluated as a protein source, soil quality improvement, and disposal. The treatment system included evaluations of nine pH levels, seven coagulant doses, and seven aeration times. The contents of TSSs, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldalh nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (N–NH3), and oils and fats (O&G), among other parameters, were determined in the treated and untreated wastewater. Before entering the treatment system, the physicochemical characterization of the wastewater showed a high concentration of parameters related to organic matter and dust, such as O&G, five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), COD, TSSs, TKN, and N–NH3. The optimal removal parameters were pH 12 for the chemical precipitation of proteins, a dose of 480 mg/L FeCl3 as a coagulant for TSSs removal, and 150 min of aeration; removal efficiencies of 99.02 %, 77.49 %, 79.93 %, and 64.62 % for TSSs, Cod, TKN, and N–NH3, respectively, were obtained. The wastewater after treatment can be used for groundwater recharge and concrete construction, and the wastewater with 2 % dilution can be used for irrigation water and fertigation. The sludge after precipitation is rich in protein and can be used as a protein source or soil quality improver.

Enhancing textile wastewater sustainability through calcium hypochlorite oxidation and subsequent filtration with assistance from waste blast furnace iron slag

AbstractThe textile industry is vital to Bangladesh's economy, employing over three million women and being the top foreign exchange earner. However, it severely impacts the environment because of untreated wastewater discharge. High treatment costs, reliant on expensive imported chemicals, worsen the issue. The Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) 2023 of Bangladesh requires textile wastewater discharge to have a colour of less than 150 Pt‐Co, which current systems struggle to meet affordably. A pilot project tested a sustainable solution using chemical oxidation with calcium hypochlorite and sand filtration with blast furnace iron slag. This method effectively removed colour, and the treated water showed total dissolved solids (TDS) levels of 157 ± 4 mg/L, total suspended solids (TSS) levels of 8 ± 2 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels of 9 ± 3 mg/L, with reductions of 92%, 87% and 94%, respectively, making it a viable solution for resource‐limited economies.

Physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches for Moknine Continental Sebkha in Tunisia.

Degradation of water quality is an emerging issue in many developing countries. In this context, industrial and domestic effluents heavily contaminate the coast of Moknine Continental Sebkha in Tunisia. The present study aimed to biomonitor the seawater quality of the Moknine Continental Sebkha coast using physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches. The ecotoxicological assessment was performed using three species representing different trophic levels, namely Vibrio fischeri, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Lepidium sativum. In the physicochemical analysis such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids), TOC (total organic carbon), NO3- (nitrate), AOX (adsorbable organic halogen), the recorded levels of pH and total suspended solids did not comply with the Tunisian standard (NT.09.11/1983). The ecotoxicological data confirmed that the tested water samples displayed toxicity to two test indicators L. sativum and S. capricornutum. A targeted chemical screening of the Moknine Continental Sebkha coast previously performed revealed the presence of total mercury, four phthalate acid esters, and one non-phthalate plasticizer, a fact that could explain the observed ecotoxicological effects and therefore might harm the biotic area and the health of the surrounding population.

Analysis of total suspended solids in Lampuuk-Lhoknga Beach Waters, Aceh Besar, Indonesia

Research on total suspended solids in the waters of Lampuuk-Lhoknga Beach, Aceh Besar was conducted on March 16, 2023. Lampuuk-Lhoknga Beach is a beach that has high activity that affects the concentration level of total suspended solids which becomes a problem for waters if the concentration level is high. This study aims to analyze and calculate the concentration of total suspended solids in the waters of Lampuuk-Lhoknga Beach. This study used purposive sampling method by taking beach water samples from several predetermined stations. Water samples that have been taken are analyzed using the gravimetric method. Based on the results of the study, the concentration of total suspended solids at 10 stations (the northernmost, Station 1 to the southernmost, Station 10) ranged from 100 mg/l to 1500 mg/l. The lowest concentration result was found at Station 4 near the cliff, which was 100 mg/l, while the highest result was found at Station 5 near tourism activities, which was 1500 mg/l. The high concentration of total suspended solids is thought to be caused by high human activity in all fields ranging from marine tourism, culinary areas to industrial areas.

Biological Responses of Oyster Crassostrea gasar Exposed to Different Concentrations of Biofloc

Oysters have the potential to be a part of more sustainable farming systems, such as multitrophic systems integrated into biofloc systems, due to their filtration activity, which enables them to act as organic consumers. However, the stress experienced by animals in a system with a high organic load can compromise their productive performance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological responses of Crassostrea gasar oysters when exposed to different concentrations of total suspended solids in biofloc systems. The oysters were exposed to four different concentrations of solids for 28 days. Hall effect sensors were installed on the outside of the shells to detect the movement of the oyster valves. Also, biochemical and histological analyses were conducted to assess the biological responses of the oysters to exposure to varying levels of solids. A difference in valve opening detected by the Hall sensors was observed from the second week of culture, indicating a relationship between shell closure and higher concentrations of suspended solids present in the system. In terms of biochemical analysis, a significant increase in lipid damage was observed in treatments with medium and high levels of total suspended solids compared with the control group. Conversely, no changes were observed in the gill structure of the oysters caused by the concentrations of suspended solids in the system when compared with the control. According to the analyses of gill activity and biochemistry, it is suggested that C. gasar should be cultured with total suspended solids at less than 200 mg/L. Oysters cultivated in a biofloc system keep their shells closed when subjected to high concentrations of total suspended solids; concentrations of total suspended solids below 200 mg/L do not induce oxidative stress, changes in behavior or histological alterations in C. gasar oysters cultivated in a biofloc system.

Analysis of Total Suspended Solid Algorithm on Tuban Coast with 2 Channel Approach of Visible Light Wavelength Satellite Image

Satellite image channels have been widely used by researchers from various countries to map and analyze variables that have a lot of influence on ecosystem changes including the total suspended solid levels scattered on the coast. The use of 1 channel in satellite images provides many results with various good correlations, but in this study, we want to try to use a 2-channel approach to get more optimal results from total suspended solid mapping. The area of interest for research is the Tuban coastline which has a fairly flat and not hilly coastal morphology so that sea currents that carry solids have characteristics in their growth over time. The method used to construct the algorithm of these 2 channels is the use of reflectance values of visible light wavelengths in blue, green and red channels. The results obtained from the calculation of the 2-channel algorithm show a fairly good suitability and correlation, especially in the comparison of the blue channel with the red channel with an R2 value of 0.76 so that it can be used as a reference to monitor total suspended solids as well as a comparison for the calculation of 1 channel. The conclusion obtained is that the channels from satellite images have their own characteristics in providing reflectance values for objects on earth so that with the right combination of channels will be able to obtain accurate results in mapping total suspended solids.

Acidifying remediation and microbial bioremediation decrease ammoniacal nitrogen, orthophosphates, and total suspended solids levels in intensive Nile tilapia farming under biofloc conditions

In biofloc technology (BFT) systems, the formation of bioflocs and accumulation of suspended solids are constant, which can cause impairments in water quality parameters and negatively impact the growth performance of farmed animals. We herein investigated two integrated solutions for intensive farming of Nile tilapia under BFT conditions. In this study, EUROGUARD® SOFT F60 (60% formic acid and 40% lignosulfonic acid) was used as the acidifying remediator, while ADD LIFE PRO BACIL ACQUA based on a mixture of Bacillus spp. was used as the microbial bioremediator. First, assays were conducted for in vitro inhibition tests of acidifying remediator against seven different strains of pathogenic bacteria. A dose-response test was performed for both acdifying bioremediator and microbial bioremediator. Then, an in vivo assay was conducted over four weeks. In 12 BFT units with a capacity of 250 L each, one group received the acidifying remediator at a concentration of 2.5 part per million (ppm), while another group received the bioremediator Bacillus spp. at a concentration of 0.10 g m−3 directly in tank water. A control group without aditives was also established, all in quadruplicate. The culture environment was evaluated daily by measuring dissolved oxygen, temperature, floc volume and weekly by measuring total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), ammoniacal nitrogen (N−NH3), nitrite (N-NO2), nitrate (N-NO3), alkalinity (CaCO3), orthophosphate (PO43−), electrical conductivity (μS−1), potential of hydrogen (pH) and total suspended solids (TSS). At the end of the period, in the in vivo assay, the bacterial community in the BFT, hematological parameters, and zootechnical performance of the tilapia were evaluated. In in vitro inhibition tests, the acidifying remediator inhibited the growth of all pathogenic bacteria evaluated. All concentrations reduced the count of filamentous bacteria, and the pH values were dose-dependent. Both in vivo treatments altered bacterial communities. Both treatment groups had lower concentrations of N-NH3, N-NO2 and N-NO3. PO43− content was lower in the acidifying remediator group. CaCO3 was higher in the treatment groups, while TSS was higher in the control group. Both remediation strategies were efficient in removing nitrogenous chemical compounds. However, the acidifying remediator concomitantly reduced N-NH3, N-NO2− and PO43− levels, becoming a powerful ally in the reduction of aquaculture effluents, as well as in the reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria in tilapia culture.

Study on the removal of iron (II) and manganese (II) in acidic mine drainage by red mud: Performance and mechanism.

Red mud is an environmental burden during the alumina production process. To mitigate the hazards associated with red mud storage, this study investigated the utilization of alkaline red mud as a treatment agent for acidic mine drainage (AMD) with high concentrations of Fe(II) and Mn(II). This study explored the influence of reaction times, addition amounts of red mud, and pH values on the removal efficiency of Fe (II) and Mn(II) from high-concentration AMD. Various parameters such as suspended solids levels, effluent pH, and zeta potentials were measured to meet discharge standards. The adsorption mechanism of red mud was examined using SEM, XRD, EDX, XPS, and 3D-EEM analysis. Optimal conditions were determined as a reaction time of 2 h, pH value of 5.01 and the addition of 100 g/L red mud, achieving effective removal of Fe(II) (reduced from 1000 to 0.224 mg/L) and Mn (II) (reduced from 20 to 1.03 mg/L). The treated AMD meets discharge standards with reduced suspended matter content of 37.4 mg/L. These findings provided valuable insights for the utilization of red mud waste in engineering applications.

Impacts of acute and chronic suspended solids exposure on juvenile freshwater mussels

Construction activities may affect adjacent water systems by introducing increased levels of suspended solids into the water body and may subsequently affect the survival and growth of freshwater mussels. We tested three sediment types from sites in Missouri, including Spring River sediment (SRS), Osage River bank clay soil (ORC), and quarried limestone from Columbia (LMT). We prepared series of suspensions of each sediment with total suspended solids concentrations ranging from 0 to 5000 mg/L. Juveniles from three mussel species, Fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), Arkansas Brokenray (Lampsilis reeveiana), and Washboard (Megalonaias nervosa) were exposed to these suspensions in both acute (96-h) and chronic (28-d) tests. No clear impact on survival was observed from the acute or chronic exposures, but chronic test showed that juvenile mussels' growth was strongly affected. Interestingly, growth was enhanced at lower levels of SRS and ORC (≤500 mg/L, p < 0.05), and the juvenile mussels exposed to 500 mg/L SRS exhibited approximately 60 % more dry weight than those reared in the control. LMT did not enhance growth. Growth was slowed by high concentrations (>1000 mg/L) of all three sediments, implying that high suspended solids levels could reduce survival in the long term. Our findings may help to inform regulations and guidelines for construction activities to minimize adverse effects on juvenile mussels.

Anthropogenic activities and COVID-19 effects on natural water bodies: Arroyo Seco’s case

Concerns about pollution in Arroyo Seco, an important natural water body in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, have been reported due to possible wastewater discharges and solid waste mismanagement, turning the river into a potential public health hazard in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, a volunteer clean-up campaign denominated “Arroyo Vivo” has been promoted by Distrito Tec and the Campana-Altamira initiative. To aid in the efforts, ammonium, nitrates, nitrites, and sulfate concentrations, total solids, and total organic matter were measured in parallel with SARS-CoV-2 detection and quantification in river water samples. Compared with applicable regulations (NOM-001-SEMARNAT-2021, NOM-127-SSA1-2021), total suspended solid levels (55-365 mg/L) were found above the maximum limit (84 mg/L), while ammonium (0.0175-0.198 mg/L), nitrite (0.0585-0.169 mg/L), nitrate (1.065-3.285 mg/L), sulfate (91.2-111 mg/L), and chemical oxygen demand (16.95-43.1 mg/L) were consistently below the maximum limits (0.50, 0.90, 11.00, 84.00, 400.00, and 100.00 mg/L, respectively), showing that no large-scale wastewater discharges had taken place in Arroyo Seco. However, SARS-CoV-2 genetic material was detected at three sampling sites, indicating some degree of sewage leakage and inadequate management of solid waste containing respiratory fluids of infected patients. While reports indicate that water bodies are not sources of SARS-CoV-2 infection in surrounding populations, it proves that waste disposal policies must be enforced more strictly to ensure water quality and environmental protection towards sustainable development. Nonetheless, continued efforts to screen concerning contaminants are still needed to fully assess the environmental status of the stream and propose relevant public policy.

Distance and weightage-based identification of most critical and vulnerable locations of surface water pollution in Kabul river tributaries

Water plays a key role in the economic growth of an agricultural country. Pakistan is a farming country that uses almost 90% of its water resources for agriculture. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province of Pakistan has extensive surface water resources. In addition to using groundwater resources for irrigation, large parts of its flat plains are irrigated with the Kabul River surface water. Due to large population growth and unregulated small/local scale industries in the region, surface water quality deteriorates with time, which affects people's health when polluted surface water is used for irrigation purposes. This research investigates the surface water quality of Kabul River's different tributaries. It identifies the most critical and vulnerable locations regarding water quality using the weightage-based identification method and distance-based iteration method, respectively. The Bara River exhibited the most critical location, surpassing the threshold values by a considerable margin in at least seven water quality parameters. The maximum seven critical values determined against the Bara River using the weightage-based method, i.e., 17.5, 5.95, 7.35, 27.65, 1.75, 0.35, and 10.45 for total alkalinity, sodium, total hardness, magnesium, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and turbidity. The Khairabad station, where the Kabul River meets the Indus River, was identified as vulnerable due to elevated levels of total suspended solids, hardness, sulfate, sodium, and magnesium using distance-based methods. The locations, i.e. Adezai, Jindi, Pabbi, and Warsak Dam, appeared critical and vulnerable due to the prevalence of small-scale industries on their bank and high population densities. All the results are finally compared with the interpolated values over the entire region using Kriging interpolation to identify critical and vulnerable areas accurately. The results from the distance and weightage-based methods aligned with the physical reality on the ground further validate the results. The critical and vulnerable locations required immediate attention and preventive measures to address the deteriorating water quality parameters by installing monitoring stations and treatment plants to stop further contamination of the particular parameter.

ANALYSIS OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONTENT IN RICE FIELD STREAM WATER CONSUMED BY PANTE KUYUN VILLAGE COMMUNITY ACEH JAYA DISTRICT

Water is vital to life and ecosystems on Earth. It supports important ecological functions, such as providing resources for flora and fauna, regulating climate, and various biogeochemical processes that affect the environment as a whole. All living organisms, including humans, depend on water for their survival and well-being. This research is a descriptive analysis that aims to reveal the content of suspended solids in the water of rice field streams in Pante Kuyun Village. Conducted since November 2023, this research took place in Aceh Jaya District, with the analysis of suspended solids levels carried out at the Aceh Health Research and Development Center Laboratory. The research subjects included the people of Pante Kuyun Village and the water of the rice fields in the area. The sampling method was representative, where one sample was taken from the water of the Pante Kuyun Village rice field. The results showed that the level of suspended solids (TSS) in the rice paddy stream water reached 6.4 mg/L. These findings provide an important snapshot of the water quality in the area, which can serve as a foundation for further policies and actions to maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem and the health of local communities.

IMPROVING THE WASTE WATER QUALITY OF CATFISH FARMING POND THROUGH PHYTOREMEDIATION PROCESS BATCH CULTURE SYSTEM USING VARIOUS TYPES OF LOCAL HYDROMACROPHYTES

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the batch culture phytoremediation model conducted in a 30 L bucket with sand and gravel as a substrate in reducing pollutants from post-harvest catfish farming ponds. This true experimental study used a completely randomised design with the treatments of hydromacrophytes of emergent, floating, submerged, and polycultures of the three hydromacrophytes and controls without hydromacrophytes. Each treatment was repeated three times. The effectiveness of this model was monitored using physicochemical water parameters, Chironomidae density, and the biotic index of diatom [Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Percentage of Pollution Tolerant Value (%PTV)]. After incubation, monitoring was done on days 10, 15, 20, and 25. The results showed that the phytoremediation process had successfully reduced the suspended solid and nitrate levels in the water starting from day ten after incubation. The levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) decreased significantly after 25 days. The level of organic matter pollution based on the %PTV and density of Chironomidae was significantly reduced after 15 days of incubation. However, the phosphate level was still high, and the water trophic status was hypereutrophic. The most effective treatment for the phytoremediation process in this study is submerged hydromacrophytes.