Level Of Supervision Research Articles

An intelligent monitoring system based on computer vision

Aiming at the customs supervision area of the comprehensive bonded area, this paper proposes an intelligent monitoring system based on computer vision through the research of computer vision, photoelectric sensors, digital image processing, data transmission network, automatic control and intelligent video analysis. We have realized the comprehensive supervision of people, vehicles, and things in the park, uploading all collected information to the centralized storage server, realizing uninterrupted data tracking, analysis, alarming, centralized management, unified scheduling, and command of front-end equipment. We have comprehensively improved the level of supervision of the comprehensive bonded area, provided the most intuitive information for emergency response, and performed the best response to emergencies according to the emergency plan to build a more intelligent comprehensive bonded area.

"I have hope, but I'm worried": Perspectives on parenting adolescents and young adults living with perinatally-acquired HIV.

Youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV) are living well into young adulthood. There has been extensive research on the social impacts of PHIV on adolescents and young adults (AYA). However, little research has examined their broader family system. This qualitative exploratory project examined the perspectives of caregivers raising AYA with PHIV. Eighteen caregivers who cared for adolescents and young adults with PHIV over the age of 14 completed semistructured audio-recorded interviews. Questions focused on salient aspects of adolescent development and parenting experiences over the course of their child's life. Transcripts were coded for emergent themes. Past and present caregiving experiences were consistently contextualized by the stigmatized nature of HIV. Daily concerns related to medication adherence and sexual behavior were common. Future-oriented expectations were marked by hope, as well as an acknowledgment of continued struggle. Negative experiences with the health care system underscore the need for ongoing education about HIV-related stigma. Findings suggest that caregivers, like other parents of typically developing youth, may need support addressing sexuality. Additionally, caregivers expressed concerns over the appropriate levels of supervision to offer their AYA as they assumed more responsibility for their own health. Collaboration among psychosocial and health care professionals to identify support strategies will benefit both caregivers and AYA living with PHIV. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Predicting initiation to treatment for youth on probation: A multi-level approach

BackgroundPrevious research on youth involved in the juvenile legal system (JLS), who have higher substance use prevalence than other adolescents, has focused on treatment outcomes post-initiation. Scant research has examined factors affecting treatment initiation following JLS referral. The current work addresses this gap by estimating net impacts of state, site, and client attributes on initiating treatment. MethodsMixed effects logistic regression models analyzed data from the Behavioral Health Services Cascade framework of the JJ-TRIALS project for 5325 youth records from 22 sites across six states, using weighted hot deck imputation to address missing data. The analysis permitted estimating net impacts of individual factors while controlling for state variation factors and separating out within-state site variation. ResultsRates of treatment initiation varied significantly across sites. About 63% of outcome variation arose from site and state disparities. The odds of initiating treatment were 127% higher for youth under a higher supervision level compared to youth under low supervision. Race and ethnicity were significantly associated with initiation, with Black and Hispanic youth having 44% and 42% lower odds of initiating treatment, respectively. ConclusionIndividual factors, including race, ethnicity, and level of supervision, significantly differed in treatment initiation, controlling for between-state variation and allowing between-site-within-state effects to operate separately. A deeper understanding of factors shaping initiation may help behavioral health and JLS agencies to develop strategies to increase initiation for referred youth. This is the first study delineating individual, cross-program, and between-state variation in treatment initiation among referred youth.

Canadian fellowship experience: the different challenges and emotions faced by an International Medical Graduate and mitigation strategies

Acknowledging the mental remodeling that a foreign physician goes through and attempting to mitigate the difficulties of this process is crucial to achieving better outcomes in education and patient care. Canada's Healthcare System offers Clinical Fellowship Programs that allow physicians specialists to obtain advanced expertise in a chosen subspecialty. In a Clinical Fellowship, Canadian Medical Graduates (CMGs) practice alongside International Medical Graduates (IMGs); however, there is evidence that they undergo different challenges in the learning experience. IMGs usually have a higher cognitive load during the adaptation period, which can be due to multiple factors, such as the transition to practice in a foreign country, language, level of supervision, teaching methods applied, feeling disconnected from home, and other competing needs fellows face outside of the clinical context. We propose strategies that may help mitigate the transition to practice process that IMGs undergo when starting a Canadian fellowship, such as Self-Efficacy Encouraging Approach, Thinking Framework Across Cultures, and Social Engagement and Wellbeing.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric emergency department utilization for head injuries

Head injuries are a leading cause of death and disability in children, accounting for numerous emergency department (ED) visits. It is unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced healthcare utilization...

Approaching Training-Practice Gaps After the Transition: A Practice Proposal for Supervision After Training.

Transitions within medical, veterinarian, and other health professional training, from classroom to workplace, between undergraduate, postgraduate, fellowship phases, and to unsupervised clinical practice, are often stressful. Endeavors to alleviate inadequate connections between phases have typically focused on preparation of learners for a next phase. Yet, while some of these efforts show results, they cannot obliviate transitional gaps. If reformulated as ‘not completely ready to assume the expected responsibilities in the next phase’, transitions may reflect intrinsic problems in a training trajectory. Indeed, the nature of classroom teaching and even skills training for example, will never fully reflect the true context of clinical training. In various stages of clinical training, the supervision provided to trainees, particularly medical residents, has increased over the past decades. This addresses calls for enhanced patient safety, but may inadequately prepare trainees for unsupervised practice. Transitions often evolve around the question how much support or supervision incoming trainees or junior professionals require. We propose to consider receiving incoming trainees and new employees in clinical workplaces with a conversation about required supervision for discrete tasks, or entrustable professional activities (EPAs). EPAs lend themselves for the question: “At what level of supervision will you be able to carry out this task?”. This question can be answered by both the trainee or junior employee and the supervisor or employer and can lead to agreement about specified supervision for a defined period of time. We expect that this “supported autonomy tool” could alleviate stress and enhance continued development after transitions.

What is the value of supplementary prescribing in the 2020s? A dietitian's perspective

Background Non-medical prescribing is well-established in healthcare. Two models are used in practice: supplementary prescribing and independent prescribing. Supplementary prescribing incorporates higher levels of supervision and governance and is the model permitted for use by dietitians. Aim To explore the value of supplementary prescribing from a dietitian's perspective. Method Non-medical prescribing models will be evaluated to establish the benefits and drawbacks of each and discussed in relation to dietetic practice. Results Both models of prescribing are perceived positively by patients. Training for both models is identical and enables the practitioner to work within their scope of practice. However, the clinical management plan, necessary for supplementary prescribing, is limiting and can prevent practitioners from implementing their role efficiently. Conclusions Supplementary prescribing has allowed dietitians to begin prescribing, but for other professions, this model has been superseded by independent prescribing. Supplementary prescribing may be becoming redundant in the 2020s.

MP10-02 UROLOGY RESIDENT AUTONOMY COMPARED TO GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENT AUTONOMY

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022MP10-02 UROLOGY RESIDENT AUTONOMY COMPARED TO GENERAL SURGERY RESIDENT AUTONOMY Kunj Jain, Janmejay Hingu, Anh Nguyen, Devashish Anjaria, Joseph B. Oliver, and Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad Kunj JainKunj Jain More articles by this author , Janmejay HinguJanmejay Hingu More articles by this author , Anh NguyenAnh Nguyen More articles by this author , Devashish AnjariaDevashish Anjaria More articles by this author , Joseph B. OliverJoseph B. Oliver More articles by this author , and Hossein Sadeghi-NejadHossein Sadeghi-Nejad More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002532.02AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Urology and general surgery resident autonomy in the operating room has been declining in recent years. This may be due to perceptions of poorer outcomes, complications, and operating time. Residents and faculty have expressed decreased preparedness as independent surgeons due to inadequate autonomy during residency. We sought to compare resident involvement for general surgery and urology residents and evaluated the associated outcomes. METHODS: This study is a retrospective study from the Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) database. All operative cases from July 1, 2004 to September 30, 2019 in the VASQIP database were included in the study. Patients who underwent a urologic surgical procedure were identified based on the code of the surgeon’s specialty and stratified based on CPT codes. The cases were coded based on the level of supervision by an attending physician: AP- attending as primary surgeon, RP- resident as primary surgeon, AR- attending and resident as primary surgeons. Logistic regression and ANOVA analysis was performed. RESULTS: The VASQIP database included 127,757 patients who underwent urologic surgery over the 15 year time frame. There was decline in resident primary surgeon (RP) cases from 31.3% in 2004 to 18.6% in 2019 with an increase in total cases (p <0.01). The number of urology RP cases is higher compared to general surgery/vascular surgery RP cases which decreased from 15% to 5% in the same period. Urology and general surgery AR cases had increased operating times, but RP surgeries did not have significantly increased operating times when compared to AP surgeries. There was no increase in mortality with RP or AR urology cases. However, the 30-day return to OR was significantly increased compared to AP cases. There was no difference in mortality between RP or AP general surgery cases, but AP general surgery cases had an increased rate of complications. CONCLUSIONS: Residents in urology and general surgery have had a major decline in resident autonomy between 2004 and 2019. Although urology has had better autonomy maintenance compared to general surgery, both specialties have seen a decline that is not warranted based on operating time, complications, and patient outcomes. There is a need for increased efforts to expand resident autonomy to create prepared and independent future surgeons. Source of Funding: N/A © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e146 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Kunj Jain More articles by this author Janmejay Hingu More articles by this author Anh Nguyen More articles by this author Devashish Anjaria More articles by this author Joseph B. Oliver More articles by this author Hossein Sadeghi-Nejad More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

Drug Quality Co-regulation Supervision Strategy Considering Collusion Behavior With New Media Participation.

The efficiency and level of drug quality supervision are highly related to the distorted or true reporting of new media, and the collusion or non-collusion of third-party testing agencies. Therefore, based on the co-regulation information platform, considering the strategic choices of local government, drug enterprises, third-party testing agencies and new media, this article constructs a four-party evolutionary game model of co-regulation supervision. The stable equilibrium points of each participant's strategic choices are solved. The stability of the strategic combination is analyzed by Lyapunov's first method, and Matlab 2020b is used for simulation analysis to verify the influence of each decision variable on different players' strategic choices. The results show that, firstly, new media's true reporting can make up for the lack of supervision of drug enterprises by local government, and the greater the impact of new media reporting, the more active drug enterprises will be to produce high-quality drugs. Secondly, non-collusion of third-party testing agencies can improve the self-discipline ability of drug enterprises, encourage new media to report truthfully, and play the role of co-regulation supervision. Furthermore, the greater the probability of new media's true reporting, the more local government tend to be stricter, and the probability of strict supervision is positively related to the central government's accountability. Finally, increasing penalty for producing low-quality drugs and collusion will help standardize the behavior of drug enterprises and third-party testing agencies. This article enriches and expands the theoretical basis of the drug quality co-regulation supervision and proposes corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

Hospital-based assistant in Midwifery role for undergraduate midwifery students: A survey exploration

ProblemLittle is known about the experiences of undergraduate midwifery students employed as Assistants in Midwifery (AIM) in Australia. BackgroundAssistants in Nursing have been embedded in the Australian health system for many years, but the AIM role is relatively new. Undergraduate Bachelor of Midwifery students, in second or third year, can gain employment as an AIM at hospital maternity units. Little is known about the scope of practice for these roles and the experiences of AIM. AimThis study aimed to explore the experiences and scope of practice of AIM in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, over the last five years. MethodsA Qualtrics online survey enabled collection of quantitative and qualitative data from 128 respondents in late 2019. This was accompanied with the analysis of position descriptions for all AIM jobs advertised between September 2019 and February 2020. FindingsAnalysis of AIM position descriptions reflected nursing language rather than midwifery. Survey responses demonstrated ambiguity about the AIM scope of practice and the appropriate level of supervision required to perform the role. Qualitative data revealed the many benefits of the role for midwifery students. DiscussionOpportunities to participate in midwifery assistant work enhances student confidence and improves job readiness. However, a clearly defined scope of practice is one of the most important components of any employment model for undergraduate students. Clarification of the role and scope of practice of the AIM role is long overdue. There is ongoing need for advocacy to ensure that students working as AIM are employed to carry out midwifery activities and are supervised by midwives. ConclusionThis project provides insight into the advantages and disadvantages of working as an AIM whilst studying for a Bachelor of Midwifery degree. While the AIM position reaps many rewards for students, appropriate supervision in the workplace requires availability of adequate numbers of employed registered midwives.

A mobile application to facilitate implementation of programmatic assessment in anaesthesia training

BackgroundProgrammatic assessment is a concept to support learning through continuously providing information about learner progress to trainees and supervisors. Central to the concept are multiple low-stakes workplace-based assessments and meaningful feedback opportunities. Mobile technology may facilitate frequent and concise workplace-based assessments and trigger meaningful feedback. We designed a mobile application (app) for real-time use at the workplace utilising the concept of entrustable professional activities. As the primary outcome, we analysed completion times and as the secondary outcome the quality of documented learning goals. MethodsThe prEPAred app requests trainees and supervisors to rate level of supervision of a professional activity directly after completion. Subsequently, ratings are compared, and supervisors may provide feedback via the app. We tested the app in five anaesthesiology departments at major teaching hospitals, analysing completion times, agreement on ratings, and quality of documented learning goals. ResultsWe recorded 1518 assessments from 159 trainees and 89 supervisors. Median time for level of supervision rating was 56 (inter-quartile range: 39–85) s for trainees and 17 (11–30) s for supervisors. Learning goals via the app were documented in 767 cases (50.5%). Median feedback time was 2 min, 31 s (confidence interval [CI]: 1 min, 20 s to 5 min, 20 s). In 443 (29%) cases, a specific learning goal was documented. A post hoc analysis revealed that the odds of documenting learning goals increased if trainees rated the level of supervision higher than their supervisors (odds ratio 1.39; CI: 1.03–1.87). ConclusionsThe prEPAred mobile app enabled frequent and concise documentation of workplace-based assessments. Disagreement in level of supervision rating stimulated documentation of specific learning goals indicating more meaningful feedback. Thus, the tool could advance workplace-based assessments towards programmatic assessment.

Work stress, ego depletion, gender and abusive supervision: A self-Regulatory perspective

Drawing upon the self-regulatory perspective, we investigate the antecedents of abusive supervision. We study supervisor’s work stress as a predictor of abusive supervisory behavior and investigate supervisor ego depletion as an intervening mechanism. Furthermore, we study the role of gender in explaining ego depletion and abusive supervision. We employed a multilevel research design to study supervisor work stress and ego depletion at group level and perception of abusive supervision at individual level. Data are collected from 59 supervisors and 295 subordinates working in the banking sector. We find that supervisor work stress is positively associated with subordinates’ perception of abusive supervision, and supervisor ego depletion plays a mediating role. We find that these relationships are more pronounced for females than males. We contribute by identifying supervisors’ work stress as an antecedent of abusive supervision and extend ego depletion theory by studying supervisor’s ego depletion as an underlying mechanism.

Scale-aware attention network for weakly supervised semantic segmentation

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) using image-level labels greatly alleviates the burden of obtaining large amounts of pixel-wise annotations. To create pseudo segmentation labels, most WSSS algorithms rely on the local response regions in the class activation maps (CAMs). However, such activation maps only focus on the local discriminative parts of the object, because the classification network does not require the entire object to optimize the objective function. To enhance the network’s ability to focus more on non-discriminative parts of the object and generate high-quality pseudo-masks, the Scale-aware Attention Network (SAN) is proposed. Specifically, a pyramidal attention module is introduced to propagate discriminative information to adjacent object regions by adaptively selecting contextual features from the convolutional pyramid with varied filter scales. A multi-scale prediction fusion structure with a joint loss is proposed to make better use of the complementary information of localization maps in different scales. The dense and integral localization maps are obtained in the inference stage by weighted fusion of the multi-scale predictions, which are then used to train segmentation models. This novel SAN has demonstrated its effectiveness in a series of experiments. It has achieved a state-of-the-art result of 71.9% mIoU on the PASCAL VOC 2012 segmentation test set compared with other approaches under the same level of supervision.

Inovasi Pemerintah Kota Semarang Dalam Penanganan Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19)

This study analyzes public policy innovations regarding the prevention and control of Covid-19 as a new policy innovation to contain the spread and growth of Covid-19 cases. This is expected to be able to analyze policy innovations that can accelerate the handling of the Covid-19 problem. This research was conducted in Semarang City based on Nugroho's (2015) theory of quality policy (2015). The research method uses a qualitative approach with literature study analysis techniques using data collection techniques by searching various secondary data sources in the form of government documents, electronic mass media reporting with the keyword search for innovation in the application of Covid-19 response policies. The results of this study found that since the implementation of this new innovation policy, there has been an increase in the cure rate of 77.09% of the total confirmed cases and a decrease in the risk of spreading so that the City of Semarang is in PPKM (Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions) Level 1 with low risk. One of the contributors to the number of Covid-19 cases is immigrants from outside the city of Semarang who reached 45% of new positive cases. The high mobility of the movement of people outside the city of Semarang entering the city of Semarang and the low level of control and supervision of the movement of the arrival of residents outside the city of Semarang who enter the city of Semarang who carry the virus must be a major concern in controlling the rate of increase in Covid-19 in the city of Semarang.

The Analisis Pengaruh Abusive Supervision terhadap Employee Creativity dengan Sleep Deprivation, Emotional Exhaustion, dan Self Efficacy sebagai Mediator

The television industry has undergone many changes and disruptions and is always required to be creative in order to survive. Creative television employees play an important role in the company's performance in the midst of unfavorable environmental conditions. This study aims to examine the effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity, sleep deprivation, emotional exhaustion, and self efficacy. Besides aiming to examine the effect between variables, this study also intends to examine the impact of related variables to employee creativity and its mediating roles were also investigated. This research employed a quantitative study with an online survey of 203 television station employees in Indonesia. The structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was used to analyze the data. Based on the research that has been done, the results showed that abusive supervision was not proven to directly and significantly affect employee creativity, this is due to the low level of abusive supervision in the television industry. However, abusive supervision has been shown to increase sleep deprivation, emotional exhaustion, and decrease employee self efficacy. This study also found that employee creativity was strongly influenced by employee self efficacy. Lastly, the results indicated that self efficacy could act as a potential mediator between abusive supervision and employee creativity.

Adolescent Mental Health Resilience and Combinations of Caregiver Monitoring and Warmth: A Person-centred Perspective

Caregiver monitoring and warmth have protective mental health effects for adolescents, including vulnerable adolescents. However, combinations of the aforesaid parenting behaviours and their relationship with adolescent mental health are underexplored, especially among younger and older South African (SA) adolescents challenged by structural disadvantage. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate unique profiles of caregiver monitoring and warmth and their associations with depression and conduct problems as reported by younger and older adolescents from disadvantaged SA communities. Latent profile and linear regression analyses were used to examine cross-sectional survey data generated by 891 adolescents from two disadvantaged SA communities (62.2% aged 13–17 [average age: 16.13]; 37.5% aged 18–24 [average age: 20.62]). Two profiles emerged. The first, i.e. substantial caregiver warmth and some monitoring, was associated with younger and older adolescent reports of statistically significantly fewer symptoms of depression and conduct problems. The second, i.e. caregiver monitoring without much warmth, was associated with significantly more symptoms of depression or conduct problems among younger and older adolescents. Traditional gender effects (i.e. higher depression symptoms among girls; higher conduct problem symptoms among boys) were amplified when caregiver monitoring was combined with low warmth. In short, protecting the mental health of younger and older adolescents from disadvantaged communities requires higher levels of caregiver warmth combined with moderate levels of caregiver supervision. Because stressors associated with disadvantaged communities jeopardise warm parenting, supporting caregiver resilience to those stressors is integral to supporting adolescent mental health.

Micromanagement During Clinical Supervision: Solutions to the Challenges.

Learner autonomy is an invaluable asset in graduate medical education, preparing the trainee to independently face challenges in the future professional settings. Educational institutions face the difficult task of providing a balance between learner autonomy and supervision. In graduate medical education, trainees often prefer less supervision than what is imparted by their attending physician. This increased supervision comes at the cost of learner autonomy and has not exhibited improvement in patient outcomes or safety. When attendings exhibit control over details, the trainees may label them as “micromanagers”. Cardinal features of a micromanager include excessively requesting updates, insisting that the task be done their way, and scrutinizing every detail. This micromanaging behavior is non-conducive to the learning environment and may even contribute to supervisor burnout. The business literature reveals a debate about this very topic. Unfortunately, there is still a lack of literature on micromanagement in graduate medical education.Although a conglomerate of internal factors may lead to excessive supervision in an academic medical institution, we surmise that micromanagement exists because of a complex dynamic between three drivers: accountability, trust, and autonomy. When trainees are held accountable, they learn to take ownership for their actions which leads to establishment of trust which further enables motivation and gaining of autonomy. Supervising attendings should ideally be able to comfortably adjust their level of supervision based on their trust and the trainee’s competence, accountability, and autonomy. The micromanaging physician is unable to do so, and this can have a detrimental effect on the learner.Micromanagement can be perceived by some as a beneficial component during the early immersion of the trainee with the rationalization for better patient outcomes and safety. However, in the long term, it threatens the learning environment and erodes the complex relationship between accountability, trust, and autonomy. We recommend an action plan to mitigate micromanagement at three levels-the micromanager, the micromanaged, and the organizational structure-and hope that these solutions enhance the learning environment for both the trainee and supervisor.

Peering through the smokescreen: ESG disclosure and CEO personality

This study examines whether chief executive officer (CEO) with narcissistic tendencies are more likely to disclose ESG activities. Focusing on a sample of 118 US S&amp;P 500‐listed companies over the period 2011–2018, the study uses the generalized estimating equation. The results indicate that a CEO with high narcissism is more likely to disclose social and corporate governance activities. These findings clarify the relationship between CEO personality traits and ESG disclosure to help investors and stakeholders with decision‐making. Further in light of these findings, regulators are recommended to reinforce the legal framework of ESG disclosure pushing for more transparency with high levels of supervision.

Design and implementation of a highly accurate spatiotemporal monitoring and early warning platform for air pollutants based on IPv6

The development of industry has brought about the pollution of the atmospheric environment. Pollution is harmful to people's health. Realizing the real-time monitoring of atmospheric environmental quality parameters can improve the above-mentioned effects. China's existing environmental monitoring systems focus on the accuracy of the system hardware itself for assessment, lack of data analysis and forecasting and early warning, and cannot provide managers and ordinary people with decision-making and activity guidance. This paper develops an IPV6-based high-spatial–temporal precision air pollutant monitoring and early warning platform. The feasibility of the system is verified through networking tests, operation tests, and early warning tests. Through actual data analysis and comparison, it is concluded that the monitoring system has field feasibility, and the atmospheric environment monitoring for the target observation area has achieved the desired observation function. This system integrates GIS technology and B/S architecture to analyze changes in the regional environment to provide support for regional environmental air quality management. The forecast and early warning module constructed by combining the weight method of the influence of different input factors on the environmental quality index and minute-level observations can provide technical support for the government to improve the level of supervision.

Minority shareholders protection and corporate financial leverage: Evidence from a natural experiment in China

Using the online voting policy in Chinese market as a natural experiment of minority shareholders protection, this paper explores the relationship between minority shareholders protection and corporate financial leverage. The results show that the participation of minority shareholders in online voting of shareholders' meeting can significantly reduce corporate financial leverage. Our results are still valid after a series of robustness tests. In terms of mechanism, we find that minority shareholders participating in the online voting can play a crucial supervisory role on the management, which can improve the level of internal control and reduce the overconfidence of the management. The above monitoring effect can reduce the corporate financial leverage. In addition, our heterogeneity test results show that the impact of online voting on financial leverage is more significant for small capitalization, non-state-owned firms, and firms with relatively low level of external supervision.