Stress Levels Research Articles

Effects of hematocrit and non-Newtonian blood rheology on pulsatile wall shear stress distributions in vascular anomalies: A multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann approach

In the present study, we investigate the flow dynamics of non-Newtonian blood, focusing on the distribution of wall shear stress (WSS) and hematocrit levels, which is the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. We analyze these factors under pulsatile conditions, in vascular anomalies such as stent channels and intracranial aneurysms. To achieve this, a three-dimensional computational approach based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) with a multiple relaxation time (MRT) collision operator is employed. To represent the blood's shear-thinning properties, we developed a constitutive model inspired by the Carreau–Yasuda model. This model considers the variability in blood viscosity with shear rate correlated with hematocrit levels based on experimental data documented in the literature. The accuracy of the employed MRT-LBM is demonstrated by the consistency of results with analytical solutions for steady state and experimental data for pulsatile WSS distributions in non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids. Results indicate that, in areas narrowed by stenosis or expanded by aneurysms, hematocrit levels affect flow dynamics. Higher hematocrit levels intensify pulsatile flow through stenotic regions, increasing WSS cyclic variations. We derived a density distribution function to demonstrate how shear rates vary in vascular anomalies, revealing blood viscosity changes and non-Newtonian properties. These properties complicate flow patterns, resulting in non-linear WSS distributions, which are essential for understanding endothelial cell reactions and disease pathways. Pulsatile blood flow and altered rheological properties due to increased hematocrit affect saccular aneurysm fluid dynamics over time and space, causing vorticities to change shape, size, and intensity.

Aqueous Extract of Wolfberry Alleviates Aging-Related Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction by Modulating PRRs Signaling Pathways and Enhancing DNA Repair.

Aging can lead to a series of degenerative changes in skeletal muscle, which would negatively impact physical activity and the quality of life of the elderly. Wolfberry contains numerous bioactive substances. It's vital to further explore the mechanisms underlying its healthy effects on skeletal muscle function during aging progress. This study discusses the benefits and mechanisms of aqueous extract of wolfberry (AEW) to protect skeletal muscle from aging-related persistent DNA damage based on its anti-inflammatory activity. It is found that AEW improves muscle mass, strength, and endurance, modulates the expression of Atrogin-1, MyH, and MuRF-1, and decreases oxidative stress and inflammation levels in aging mice, which is consistent with the in vitro results. Mechanistically, AEW inhibits the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) pathway induced by inflammatory gene activation, suggesting its potential in response to DNA damage. AEW is also observed to mitigate chromatin decompaction. Network pharmacology is conducted to analyze the potential targets of AEW in promoting DNA repair. In conclusion, the study shows the anti-aging effects of AEW on skeletal muscle by promoting DNA repair and reducing the transcriptional activity of inflammatory factors. AEW intake may become a potential strategy for strengthening skeletal muscle function in the elderly.

Montelukast Ameliorates Scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's Disease: Role on Cholinergic Neurotransmission, Antioxidant Defence System, Neuroinflammation and Expression of BDNF.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an overwhelming neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of memory. AD is characterized by the deposition of the senile plaques mainly composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) fragment, BDNF decline, Cholinergic system overactivity and neuroinflammation. Montelukast (MTK), a leukotriene receptor antagonist, showed astounding neuroprotective effects in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to investigate the ameliorative effects of Montelukast in the scopolamineinduced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model in rats and evaluate its activity against neuroinflammation. Thirty rats were split into five groups: Control group (1 mL/kg normal saline, i.p.), Montelukast perse (10 mg/kg, i.p.), Disease group treated with Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), Donepezil group (3 mg/kg, i.p.), Montelukast treatment group (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and behavioural and biochemical tests were carried out to assess the neuro protective effect. Scopolamine treatment led to a significant reduction in learning and memory and an elevation in cholinesterase levels when compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated oxidative stress and Amyloid-β levels were associated with enhanced neuroinflammation (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the decline in neurotrophic factor BDNF is also observed when compared with the normal control group (p < 0.01). Montelukast pre-treatment significantly attenuated learning and memory impairment and cholinesterase levels. Besides, Montelukast and standard drug donepezil administration significantly suppressed the oxidative stress markers (p < 0.01), Amyloid-β levels, neuroinflammatory mediators (p < 0.05) and caused a significant increase in BDNF levels (p < 0.05). Montelukast bestowed ameliorative effects in scopolamine-induced AD animal models as per the previous studies via attenuation of memory impairment, cholinesterase neurotransmission, oxidative stress, Amyloid-β levels, neuroinflammatory mediators and enhanced BDNF levels.

Evaluation of Neuroprotective Effect of Gut Microbe in Parkinson's Disease: An In Silico and In Vivo Approach.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra region of the brain. Aggregation of alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) is a contributing factor to Parkinson's disease pathogenesis. The objective of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effects of gut microbes on α-synuclein aggregation using both in silico and in vivo approaches. We focussed on the interaction between α-synuclein and metabolites released by gut bacteria that protect from PD. We employed three probiotic microbe strains against α-synuclein protein: Lactobacillus casei, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis, with their chosen PDB IDs being Dihydrofolate reductase (3DFR), methionine synthetase (6BM5), and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (3PRH), respectively. Using HEX Dock 6.0 software, we examined the interactions between these proteins. Among the various metabolites, methionine synthetase produced by E. coli showed potential interactions with α-synuclein. To further evaluate the neuroprotective benefits of E. coli, an in vivo investigation was performed using a rotenone-induced Parkinsonian mouse model. The motor function of the animals was assessed through behavioural tests, and oxidative stress and neurotransmitter levels were also examined. The results demonstrated that, compared to the rotenone-induced PD mouse model, the rate of neurodegeneration was considerably reduced in mice treated with E. coli. Additionally, histopathological studies provided evidence of the neuroprotective effects of E. coli. In conclusion, this study lays the groundwork for future research, suggesting that gut bacteria may serve as potential therapeutic agents in the development of medications to treat Parkinson's disease. fig. 1.

Mental health and academic performance of college students: Knowledge in the field of mental health, self-control, and learning in college

The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of mental health on the academic performance of junior and senior students studying in a university setting during the 2022–2023 academic year, in the post-COVID period. The study was conducted in Beijing, China, with the participation of 600 students, including 300 first-year students and 300 fifth-year students. DASS (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale) and PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) questionnaires were employed to measure mental health. The DASS assesses symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while the PHQ-9 specifically evaluates depression severity. Academic performance was evaluated using a 12-point scale, which incorporated various criteria such as exam scores, coursework performance, and participation in extracurricular activities. The research was conducted across five faculties of the university from 2022 to 2023. In the study, fifth-year students demonstrated a higher level of mental health compared to first-year students, with an average DASS score of 27.1 and 24.2, respectively. Interestingly, despite this, first-year students achieved higher academic performance indicators, with an average score of 8.2 compared to 9.8 in fifth-year students. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between stress, depression, and anxiety levels with academic performance (stress: r = −0.25, p < 0.001; depression: r = −0.20, p = 0.003; anxiety: r = −0.18, p = 0.008). These findings highlight the critical importance of addressing students' mental well-being, particularly in later academic years. Recommendations include implementing support programs and developing online resources for students.

Unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population.

Unpaid overtime-describing a situation where extra hours are worked but not paid for-is a common feature of the labor market that, together with other forms of wage theft, costs workers billions of dollars annually. In this study, we examine the association between unpaid overtime and mental health in the Canadian working population. We also assess the relative strength of that association by comparing it against those of other broadly recognized work stressors. Data were drawn from a survey administered to a heterogeneous sample of workers in Canada (n = 3691). Generalized linear models quantified associations between unpaid overtime, stress, and burnout, distinguishing between moderate (1-5) and excessive (6 or more) hours of unpaid overtime. Unpaid overtime was associated with higher levels of stress and burnout. Relative to those working no unpaid overtime, men working excessive unpaid overtime were 85% more likely to report stress (prevalence ratios [PR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26-2.72) and 84% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.34-2.54), while women working excessive unpaid overtime were 90% more likely to report stress (PR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.32-2.75) and 52% more likely to report burnout (PR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.12-2.06). The association of excessive unpaid overtime with mental health was comparable in magnitude to that of shift work and low job control. Unpaid overtime may present a significant challenge to the mental health of working people, highlighting the potential role of wage theft as a neglected occupational health hazard.

Does local official stress hurt regional economic development? Survey Evidence from Chinese Grassroot Cadres

Amid concerns that high levels of stress among local officials may impede effective governance and economic strategies, this study aims to explore the direct impact of such stress on efforts to enhance regional economic development. Thus, this study conducts interviews with 957 grassroots cadres, the local officials in western China, to examine the influence of their psychological stress on the initiative to promote regional economic development (hereafter shortened to the growth-promoting initiative), which reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between grassroots cadres' psychological stress and their growth-promoting initiatives. The sense of mission strengthens the relationship between stress and growth-enhancing initiative. Conversely, the psychological contract does not significantly affect this relationship. These findings provide valuable guidance for addressing the psychological stress of Chinese grassroot cadre, refining organizational management, tailoring incentive systems, and ultimately catalyzing regional economic development.

A pilot study of academic burnout and stress in undergraduate students: the role of canine-assisted interventions

ABSTRACT Burnout, often linked to increased stress, can impact student mental health, academic success, and overall well-being. To investigate animal-assisted interventions’ (specifically a canine-assisted intervention; CAI) impact on student stress and burnout, a free CAI event was held on campus prior to final exams (n = 41). Self-selecting participants completed the School Burnout Inventory (SBI; Salmela-Aro et al. 2009) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarch, and Mermelstein 1983) before and after the event. Results showed a reduction in self-reported levels of stress and burnout from before to after the CAI. The impact of self-determined duration of attendance showed that those who attended the CAI for longer had a greater reduction in stress than did those who spent less time at the event. The findings suggest that CAI events can reduce perceived student burnout, alongside stress, strengthening arguments for CAIs utilisation in academic settings, and considers how the duration of CAI engagement may benefit different students.

Improvements in stress among Latinas participating in a randomized controlled trial of technology-supported physical activity interventions.

High levels of stress and inactivity likely contribute to chronic disease disparities among Latinas in the U.S. and call for intervention. To inform such efforts, the current study examined the relationships among changes (over time) in physical activity, stress, and related cardiometabolic biomarkers among sedentary (mostly) first generation Latinas. Data are taken from a randomized controlled trial (N=199 Latinas) of two home-based physical activity interventions (Original vs. theory- and technology- Enhanced versions). Physical activity and perceived stress were assessed at baseline and 6 and 12months. Blood draws occurred at baseline and 6months in a random subsample (N=153). The participants were underactive (<60/min week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) Mexican American (89%) women with moderate perceived stress scores (M=21.49, SD=8.55, range=0-40) and excess weight (M BMI=30.6) at baseline. Overall, participants reported decreases in stress after 6months enroled in the physical activity programs. The odds of a reduction in perceived stress were 11% higher among Enhanced versus Original Intervention participants (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-2.27). Those who met physical activity guidelines were significantly more likely to report reductions in perceived stress over 6months (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.08-4.16). Furthermore, those who reported reductions in perceived stress over 6months reported significantly more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at 12months (+69min/week, SE=27.98, p=0.01) compared to those who did not. Greater reductions in perceived stress over 6months were associated with greater improvements in cardiometabolic biomarkers (HbA1c, triglycerides, p's<0.05). These results support a bidirectional relationship between improvements in stress and physical activity among Latinas. Future implications include using physical activity to address stress management and health disparities in this community.

The impact of COVID-19 on college student leisure time physical activity, sedentary behavior, and stress at a Hispanic-serving Institution in New York City

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students in many ways, especially a decrease in leisure time exercise and an increase in sedentary behavior resulting in an increase in stress, particularly in college students enrolled at a Hispanic-serving Institution in New York City. The objective of this quantitative study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students’ physical activity, sedentary behavior, and perceived stress. A questionnaire was administered to 883 college students to collect leisure exercise and sedentary behavior prior to March 2020 and in April 2022, along with the impact of the pandemic on stress in April 2022. Findings indicated that the closures and isolation guidelines during the pandemic negatively impacted Black, Indigenous, and people of color’s (BIPOC) physical activity and sedentary behavior similarly to their White peers. Without the facilities and services that higher education institutions normally provide, such as recreational and fitness programming, college students were left on their own to find ways to maintain their active routines, which resulted in higher levels of stress after 2 years of campus closures. Governmental and higher education leadership should better consider the impact of closing their college campuses and limiting access to essential services on college student health and well-being in future acute health crises, particularly among the most vulnerable populations.

English Language Teachers’ Occupational Stress Level and its Effects on their Self-efficacy in Teaching and Learning Environment

English Language Teachers’ Occupational Stress Level and its Effects on their Self-efficacy in Teaching and Learning Environment

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationships with Perceived Stress and Self-Care Behaviors in African American Social Work Students: Insights from a Latent Class Analysis.

Based on stress sensitization theory and stress proliferation theory, this study was designed to identify adverse childhood experience (ACE) classes and their relationships with perceived stress and self-care behaviors. Hypotheses were that (a) there would be diverse ACE classes among African American social work students; (b) the identified classes embedded in high/multiple ACEs would have greater levels of perceived stress than those in low ACEs; and (c) the identified classes embedded in high/multiple ACEs would have lower levels of self-care behaviors than those in low ACEs. Recruited from one of the South's historically Black colleges and universities, 186 African American social work students completed an online survey. Latent class analysis found three classes fit the data best: low ACEs, high divorce/abuse/neglect, and high/multiple ACEs. Students in the high divorce/abuse/neglect class had the greatest levels of perceived stress and significantly greater perceived stress levels than the low ACEs class. The low ACEs class had greater self-care behaviors than students in the other two ACEs classes. The study revealed diverse ACE classes and the effect of more ACEs on greater perceived stress and lower self-care behaviors, supporting the importance of using a range of approaches to support African American social work students with different ACEs.

Understanding the Effects of Human–Animal Interaction Therapy on the Stress Levels of OT Students

Abstract Date Presented 03/21/24 This mixed-methods study researched the relationship between human–animal interactions and stress levels of college students from an OT perspective. Dog and horse interactions were compared and implications for OT practice and wellness were considered. Primary Author and Speaker: Donna Latella Additional Authors and Speakers: Nicole Berluti, Lisa DiGuilio, Lauren Doyle, Emma Goodrich, Caitlin Healy, Megan Lane, Samantha Nedza, Summer Postiglione

The antioxidant protective effect of resveratrol on long-term exposure to acrylamide-induced skeletal toxicity in female mice.

Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic substance formed when cooking starch-based foods at high temperatures. Studies have shown that AA can cause neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and so on. However, there remains limited understanding of the potential skeletal toxicity of AA. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential skeletal toxicity of AA, as well as the potential bone protective effects of Resveratrol (RVT). Based on the daily intake of adult women, adult female mice was treated with AA at 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/kg/d or AA/RVT (1 mg/kg/d AA +10 mg/kg/d RVT) for 8 weeks, and skeletal toxicity were evaluated by RT-qPCR and histopathological techniques. The results found that exposure to AA (0.1 or 1 mg/kg/d) after 8 weeks, osteogenesis exhibited pathological damage characteristics such as inhibition of growth plate function, and reduction of fibrous tissue, and cartilage exhibited pathological damage characteristics such as irregular cell morphology and arrangement, and damage to the tidal line. The results of cellular functional gene testing showed a decrease in the expression of functional genes in osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Meanwhile, after further co-treatment with AA (1 mg/kg/d) and resveratrol (RVT) (10 mg/kg/d), we found that RVT restored AA-induced damage to osteogenesis and cartilage, and reduced the high apoptosis and oxidative stress levels in osteogenesis/cartilage after AA exposure. In summary, this study confirmed the skeletal toxicity of AA on female adult mice, and further clarified the antioxidant protective effect of RVT on this toxicity.

Effects of Labyrinth-like Path Designs on Mitigating Stress Response to Traffic Noise

Traffic noise poses significant mental health risks primarily through stress responses. While labyrinths have shown to reduce stress and promote relaxation, their efficacy in mitigating stress induced by traffic noise remains unclear. Therefore, this study conducted repeated-measures experiments to investigate the effects of different labyrinth-like path layouts on stress responses to traffic noise. Heart rate variability and electrodermal activity were measured using the E4 wristband to evaluate participants’ physiological stress levels. The results suggest that: (1) Walking on a continuous curved path layout (CS) effectively mitigated stress responses to traffic noise, as indicated by multiple physiological stress measures; (2) Regarding stress-mitigating path continuity attributes, 180-degree turns were positive attributes (p < 0.05), while 90-degree turns were negative attributes (p < 0.01); (3) Regarding stress-mitigating path layout features, curved segments (p < 0.01) and switchbacks (p < 0.05) were positive features, while U shapes were negative features (p < 0.01). This study indicates that complex path layouts with negative continuity attributes or layout features should be avoided to mitigate stress in noisy urban environments, particularly in areas lacking resources for sound barriers and noise-absorbing vegetation. Our findings contribute to the development of evidence-based guidelines for street design. When mainstreamed through public codes, further comprehensive analyses involving feasibility assessments, economic evaluations, and community engagement are warranted to ensure practical and sustainable implementation.

An electron paramagnetic resonance time-course study of oxidative stress in the plasma of electronic cigarette exposed rats.

The long-term consequences of electronic cigarette (Ecig) use in humans are not yet known, but it is known that Ecig aerosols contain many toxic compounds of concern. We have recently shown that Ecig exposure impairs middle cerebral artery (MCA) endothelial function and that it takes 3days for MCA reactivity to return to normal. However, the sources contributing to impairment of the endothelium were not investigated. We hypothesized that the increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the blood are correlated with impaired MCA reactivity. We used electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy to examine plasma from 4-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to either air (n=5) or 1h Ecig exposure, after which blood samples were collected at varying times after exposure (i.e., 1-4, 24, 48 and 72h postexposure, n=4 or 5 in each time group). The EPR analyses were performed using the redox-sensitive hydroxylamine spin probe 1-hydroxy-3-carboxymethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrrolidine (CMH) to measure the level of reactive oxidant species in the plasma samples. We found that EPR signal intensity from the CM• radical was significantly increased in plasma at 1-4, 24 and 48h (P<0.05, respectively) and returned to control (air) levels by 72h. When evaluating the EPR results with MCA reactivity, we found a significant negative correlation (Pearson's P=0.0027). These data indicate that impaired cerebrovascular reactivity resulting from vaping is associated with the oxidative stress level (measured by EPR from plasma) and indicate that a single 1h vaping session can negatively influence vascular health for up to 3 days after vaping. HIGHLIGHTS: What is the central question of this study? Does the time course of oxidative stress triggered by electronic cigarette exposure follow the cerebral vascular dysfunction? What is the main finding and its importance? Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis shows that the oxidative stress induced after a single 1h exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol takes ≤72h to return to normal, which mirrors the time course for vascular dysfunction in the middle cerebral artery that we have reported previously.

Biomonitoring urinary organophosphorus flame retardant metabolites by liquid-liquid extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and their association with oxidative stress.

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are widely used as substitutes for traditional brominated flame retardants, necessitating a reliable and sensitive method for biomonitoring their urinary metabolites to assess human exposure. This study conducted biomonitoring of 10 metabolites of OPFRs in 152 adults and assessed their association with oxidative stress biomarkers 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and 8-hydroxyguanosine. Urinary metabolites of OPFRs were released via enzymatic deconjugation. The addition of sodium chloride to the urine samples increases the ionic strength, inducing a salting-out effect that reduces the solubility of these compounds, thereby facilitating their extraction with a mixture of ethyl acetate and acetonitrile. Then, the metabolites of OPFRs were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and we validated the method for linear range, precision, matrix effect, and method detection limit. The detection limit of the metabolites of OPFRs ranged from 0.01 to 0.2μg/L, and these metabolites were detected with high frequencies ranging from 25.0 to 98.68% in the urine samples. The concentration of bis (2-chloroethyl) phosphate was significantly higher in males than in females, with the geometric mean concentration of 0.88μg/L for males and 0.53μg/L for females, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis revealed weak but statistically significant positive correlations among the urinary metabolites. Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis showed a significant positive association between elevated urinary concentrations of metabolites of OPFRs and increased oxidative stress levels. Di-n-butyl phosphate was identified as the metabolite that significantly contributed to the elevated level of 8-hydroxyguanosine.

Resource-efficient regeneration by generating a digital component image based on different NDT techniques

Manufacturing of components that are subjected to high stress levels during operation, such as aircraft engine turbine blades and battery calender rollers, is resource intensive and costly. These components are often designed not as a mono-material, but as a layered system. If operational stresses initiate crack-like defects or changes in the microstructure in the coating and/or base material, this can lead to premature component failure. To prevent this, the component’s condition is assessed during maintenance by inspections. Based on the data obtained, a decision is made whether the component can remain in operation, must be replaced or needs to be repaired. This decision is based on safety, economic and environmental considerations. In order to repair or regenerate such capital goods in a targeted and resource-efficient manner, a differentiated assessment of surface defects and material changes in the coating as well as in the base material is required. This can be achieved by an intelligent combination of different non-destructive testing techniques. In this paper, the differentiated assessment of the condition of the individual layers and the base material is presented using the example of a high-pressure turbine blade. The test results of the non-destructive testing techniques used are combined in a digital image of the component from which suitable repair measures can be derived. The transfer of the findings from the turbine blade to the layered system of a calender roller is also discussed.

Composite failure analysis of an aero-engine inter-shaft bearing inner ring

The inter-shaft bearing is a critical component in dual rotors aero-engine. Due to the complex and severe loads caused by the interactive excitation of HP and LP rotors during operation, the inter-shaft bearing is prone to damage accumulation and failure. Focusing on a typical failure of inter-shaft bearing inner ring fragmentation and cannot be spliced together completely in high thrust-weight ratio turbofan engine, this paper conducted morphological investigation, fractographic analysis, vibration signal processing, finite element numerical simulation, and fully studied the failure mechanism of this failure.The results indicated that: there exists an uncoordinated resonance speed of the HP rotor in close proximity to the operating speed. This puts the rotor in non-synchronous procession state, accompanied by the uncoordinated angular displacement of the inner and outer rings, which resulting in a lager rolling dynamic load in bearing inner ring. This further leads to high tangential impact load at the root fillet of the anti-rotation pin, causing significant stress concentration, and eventually leads to the generation of initial cracks. These cracks persist and propagate into fatigue oblique fracture over time. After oblique fracture, the modal frequencies of the inner ring become more dispersed. Under the rolling dynamic load (traveling wave load), nodal diameter vibration occurs, causing high stress vibration fatigue damage, and ultimately leading to multiple-point simultaneous fragmentation.The investigation suggests that reducing the stress levels at the root fillet of the anti-rotation pin of the inner ring is an effective approach to prevent bearing failure. This can be achieved through two methods: one is optimizing the rotor structure to decrease the rolling dynamic load on the inner ring, the other is eliminating the anti-rotation pin and appropriately reducing the tightening torque of the compression nut and the interference between the bearing inner ring and the HP turbine rear journal.

The Psychological Health and Professional Well-being of Operators Working with Forced Migrants in Italy: A Cross-sectional Epidemiological Study

Abstract: Although the related dimensions of professional quality of life, secondary traumatic stress, and emotion regulation have been widely investigated in the field of helping and healthcare professionals, these dimensions combined have scarcely been explored in the field of workers with forced migrants. The aims of the present study are twofold. First, it aims to investigate the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress levels, emotion regulation, burnout, and compassion satisfaction in professionals working with forced migrants in Italy. Second, it aims to explore the associations between some socio-demographic and work-related characteristics and the psychological health and professional well-being status of professionals. An online survey was administered via Google Modules to the Italian associations and Third Sector entities working in the field of forced migration from May 2021 to March 2022. A total of 264 professionals (mean age: 39.9; 76.1% females) responded to the survey. On the background of good levels of psychological health and professional well-being, significant differences emerged in mental health status and professional quality of life related to professional roles, age, gender, and geographic provenience. Understanding the psychological health and professional well-being of those working with asylum seekers and refugees is crucial in providing appropriate supportive healthcare interventions which might be able to take care of professionals’ well-being as well as of their beneficiaries themselves.