Soil Fertility Levels Research Articles

Effect of Biomass Improvement Method on Reclaimed Soil of Mining Wasteland

Aiming at the problem of soil improvement for mining wasteland reclamation, this article takes the coal mining subsidence reclamation area of a coal mine in the east of China as the research object. Compost improvement and green manure improvement experiments were carried out to study the impact of different biomass improvement methods on the quality of reclaimed soil. 10 soil physical and chemical indicators including water content, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total phosphorus, organic matter, pH, and conductivity were selected to evaluate the effect of soil improvement. After 5 months of soil improvement, the results showed that planting alfalfa and Mexican corn in the reclaimed area can increase soil available phosphorus, available potassium, total phosphorus, and organic matter content. Cattail, a common aquatic plant in the coal mining subsidence area in the east, is used to make organic compost. When the compost is applied to reclaimed soil, the content of available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phosphorus in the soil can be significantly increased. Using white vanilla clover as green manure for reclaiming soil can significantly increase the content of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total phosphorus in the soil. Biomass improvement technology can improve the fertility level of coal mine reclamation soil in a short time. It is conducive to promoting the restoration of soil fertility of mining wasteland and realizing the sustainable development and utilization of plant resources and land resources.

Nutritional status of orchard soils in selected apple growing areas of Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh

Investigations were carried out to assess the nutritional status of orchard soils in selected pockets of apple growing belts of district Shimla, Himachal Pradesh encompassing 5 Tehsils. Total 164 soil samples were collected and analysed for soil macronutrient parameters. Correlation study was carried out to assess the degree of correlation among various soil chemical properties and soil fertility index was worked out to assess fertility level of orchard soils. The soil pH ranged from strongly acidic (4.74) to neutral (7.22); soil salinity was found to be in safer limits (<0.974 dS/m); organic carbon varied from very low (0.15%) to very high (2.80%). Soil available N content varied from low (150 kg/ha) to high (815 kg/ha), P content varied from very low (4.7 kg/ha) to very high (1,086.4 kg/ha) and K content ranged from very low (32 kg/ha) to very high (5,174 kg/ha). In total, 33.5, 3.0 and 4.9 per cent samples were reported deficient in available N, P and K status respectively. The soil nutrient index for N, P and K came out to be 1.68, 2.82 and 2.63 respectively which suggested medium nitrogen and high phosphorus and potassium availability. The correlation study showed soil pH to have significant effect on P and K availability; EC had positive correlation with SOC and available nutrient contents while organic carbon content was significantly correlated to available NPK content.

Evaluation of Pigeon Pea Varieties and Cultivars for Soil Nutrient Addition and Fertility Level in Case of Fadis District of Eastern Hararghe Zone

The study was conducted at Fadis research station of Fadis district in the eastern hararghe zone during 2019, 2020 and 2021. Pigeon pea is a deep-rooted and drought tolerant grain legume that adds substantial amount of organic matter to the soil and has the ability to fix up to 235 kg N/ha and produces more N per unit area from plant biomass than many other legumes. Seven pigeon pea cultivars and four variety were used as treatment materials. The objective of study was to quantify amount of soil nutrient (N) obtained/fixed because of the pigeon pea cultivars or varieties. Treatments of the experiments were pigeon pea cultivars and variety, ELR16555, ILRI16526, ELR16524, ILRI 11575, Tsegas variety, Local, Danda’a variety, ELR 11566, Belabas, ELR 16537 and ELR 11563 respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications of each. Data like Plant height, Total biomass, canopy area, soil sample before and after were collected and analyzed using SAS version 9.1 (SAS, 2002). Different Pigeon pea cultivars shows highly significant difference among the treatment in terms of plant height at 5% significance level. Different Pigeon pea cultivars and variety shows highly significant difference among the treatment in terms of plant height at 5% significance level (table 2). The highest plant height (331.5cm) was recorded from Belabas variety followed by Tsegas (308.6cm) and Danda’a variety (294.4cm). On the other hand, ELRI 16555 cultivars shows the shortest plant height (213.0cm) followed by local check (221.7cm). The highest biomass (125000 kg/ha) was recorded from Tsegas variety and the lowest biomass (45000 kg/ha) was recorded from ELRI 16537 cultivars. The highest %OC, %TN and available phosphorus and CEC were recorded from the soil under the Tsegas pigeon pea variety followed by Belabas pigeon pea variety. On the contrary the lowest were recorded from ELR11575 and local check. Generally, from the result it is possible to conclude that the highest biomass yield and almost all of the highest desired soil parameters were recorded by Tsegas variety and it is possible to recommend for the farmers of Fadis District and similar agro- ecologies.

Оценка эффективности рекультивации нефтезагрязненных почв

The article is devoted to the performance evaluation assessment of oil-contaminated soil technical remediation and assessment of the ability to create conditions for the growth and development of cultivated plants. A significant heterogeneity of properties and residual phytotoxicity of the reclaimed layer of the soddy-podzolic surface is discovered. The results of investigation showed that gray soil is characterized by an increased level of soil fertility and more favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, compared with uncultivated gray soil after reclamation.

Impact of Limestone Deposit Operation on the Yield of Surrounding Agricultural Land: Case of the Western Rif, Morocco

The exploitation of the limestone deposit is carried out in the open air. Its exploitation process has obvious effects on its environment, and in particular on agricultural production in neighboring lands, by suspending fine particles of matter in the air, which can potentially settle in the soil and the water. The latter being essential resources in the agricultural production process. The analysis of the quality of these resources located near the exploited zone as well as in a control zone (reference zone), both located at the level of the mountain of Haouz, of the western Rif, made it possible to assess the ’impact of the exploitation of the limestone deposit on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils and surface water. Soil and water samples were taken in these areas. The results of these analyzes made it possible to assess the level of soil fertility at each identified sampling point, as well as the characterization of surface water intended for irrigation. The results revealed that this exploitation leads to a significant modification of the soil profile of the neighboring agricultural lands, making them less fertile. This exploitation also causes a hardening of the surface layer of the soil, favoring the phenomenon of encrustation of the soil. The only positive point is that surface water is endowed with essential nutrients such as magnesium and phosphorus originating from the dust emitted during the extraction of limestone. An excessive presence of suspended matter could be accompanied by an increase in pH and thus promote the phenomenon of encrustation of soils when they are irrigated. This reveals that the exploitation of the deposits has generally negative physical and chemical impacts on the soil and consequently on agricultural production.

Analysis of Biomass Content of Bottom Plants and Biomass Litter on Agroforestry Land with Slash and Buring System

In this land use, humans act as ecosystem regulators, namely by getting rid of components that he considers useless or by developing features that are expected to support their land use (Mather, 1986; Gandasasmita, 2018), which is a residue and others that can increase soil fertility levels such as soil organic matter, biomass, and necromass. This study aims to measure the biomass content of lower plants and litter biomass on agroforestry land with a slash and burn system. Before and after the combustion process, the ten soil samples showed more C-organic content before the combustion treatment, with a total C-organic of 8.16% - 7.8% = 0.36% C-organic released. The organic matter available before burning is more when compared to after burning, which is 14.05% - 13.43% = 0.62% of the organic matter released. Biomass litter contained wet weight 2500g – 3910g dry weight = -1410 grams of carbon emitted.

Effect of Biochar and Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium Ascalanicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalanicum L.) is a vegetable commodity that has high economic value. The productivity of shallots in NTB is still relatively low because the level of soil fertility is still decreasing. One of the efforts to increase the productivity of shallots can be done through the addition of soil fertility enhancers by providing biochar and fertilization efficiency. This study aims to determine the effect of biochar, nitrogen fertilizer and interactions on the growth and yield of shallots. The experiment has been carried out since May –August 2021 at the Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The experiment was designed using a factorial Completely Randomized Design consisting of two factors, namely the dose of Biochar (4 levels) B0: 0 tons/ha without Biochar, B1: 10 tons/ha, B2: 20 tons/ha, B3: 30 tons/ha and the dose Nitrogen (5 levels) N0: 0 kg/ha without Nitrogen, N1: 200 kg/ha, N2: 400 kg/ha, N3: 600 kg/ha, N4: 800 kg/ha. The results showed that there was an interaction between the dose of biochar and nitrogen on growth (plant height, number of leaves and number of cloves) and yield (wet weight and dry weight), where doses of biochar 30 tons/ha and nitrogen 800 kg/ha gave growth and yields. and produces the highest nitrogen uptake efficiency.

Effects of the Rapid Construction of a High-Quality Plough Layer Based on Woody Peat in a Newly Reclaimed Cultivated Land Area

To implement the balance system of cultivated land in occupation and supplement and to adhere to the principle of “supplement the occupied cultivated land of high quality with the one bearing same quality”, in the thesis, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of woody peat on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of the plough layer and its crop yield. Furthermore, the correlation between soil indexes and crop yield under the best fertilization mode through the addition of the natural material of woody peat instead of lengthy cultivation of the plough layer to rapidly construct a high-quality plough layer and solve the practical problem that the natural endowment of newly reclaimed cultivated land is far less than the occupied high-quality cultivated land was explored. The land remediation project of Fuping County, Hebei Province, was taken as the experimental area, and the five most representative and effective datasets were selected and studied. The results demonstrated that the addition of woody peat and rotten straw could reduce soil particle size and bulk density and alleviate soil viscosity and acidification. An increase in soil organic matter, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium and a decrease in the heavy metal content were also observed. The results indicated that the application of woody peat achieved the expected effect of the rapid construction of a high-quality plough layer. The best mode of fertilization was A2, which provided a good reference for the rapid construction of a high-quality plough layer in the future. The analysis of the correlation between soil indexes and crop yield illustrated that the organic matter content, soil available nutrients, and crop yield had a significant positive correlation; the organic matter content and soil available nutrients showed the same tendency, which suggests that soil organic matter content and soil fertility level are closely related and that soil fertility plays a decisive role in crop yield under the same external conditions. Woody peat exerted an eminent influence on the organic matter content and soil available nutrients to determine the change in crop yield, which provides a reliable basis for future research on land improvement projects to increase crop yield.

Monitoring of Regosol Soil Moisture with Internet of Things in Capilar Irrigation and Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Growth of Mustard Greens (Brassica rapa. L)

Regosol is soil that has a low level of soil fertility and water availability. According to internet of tings information system used to monitor soil moisture, water use will be more efficient. This study aims to apply the Internet of Things information system to monitor soil moisture in capillary irrigation and liquid organic fertilizer, study the capillary irrigation system and liquid organic fertilizer on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica rapa. L) and soil characteristics. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. namely Type of fertilizer, consisting of 4 levels, P0: No liquid organic fertilizer, P1: 5 liters/ha Household waste liquid organic fertilizer, P2: 5 liters/ha Biduri leaf liquid organic fertilizer, P3: 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer. The second factor is the number of wick of capillary irrigation, consisting of 3 levels: I0: No capillary irrigation, I1: 1 wick capillary irrigation, I2: 2 wicks capillary irrigation. The results showed that the soil moisture during the growth of mustard greens was 16.59 to 23.48 %, the more capillary wicks, the higher the soil moisture. The average water requirement for mustard plant growth is 3.16 liters. Mustard plants begin to wither and lack water at 6.47 % soil moisture. Liquid organic fertilizer and capillary irrigation had a significant effect on leaf width, but had no significant effect on plant height, plant wet weight, plant dry weight, soil moisture, soil pH. Liquid organic fertilizer has a significant effect on soil C-organic and soil NPK levels, while capillary irrigation has a significant effect on water volume.

DEMANDA HÍDRICA E ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA NO CULTIVO PROTEGIDO DE PIMENTÃO NA REGIÃO NORTE DA BAHIA

DEMANDA HÍDRICA E ADUBAÇÃO ORGÂNICA NO CULTIVO PROTEGIDO DE PIMENTÃO NA REGIÃO NORTE DA BAHIA RUANNA MATOS ALMEIDA SOUZA¹; MÁRIO DE MIRANDA VILAS BOAS RAMOS LEITÃO²; GERTRUDES MACÁRIO DE OLIVEIRA³; EMERSON DAMASCENO DE OLIVEIRA4 E LEONARDO TORRES CORREIA5 ¹ Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510, Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300, ruanna.matos@outlook.com ² Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510, Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300, mario.miranda@univasf;edu.br ³ Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciências Sociais, Universidade do Estado da Bahia, UNEB, Av, R. Edgar Chastinet, s/n - São Geraldo, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48900-000, gemoliveira@uneb.br 4 Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510, Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300, emerson.oliveira@univasf.edu.br 5 Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Av. Antônio C. Magalhães, 510, Country Club, Juazeiro - BA, CEP: 48902-300, leonardo.torrescorreia@hotmail.com 1 RESUMO Palavras-chave: evapotranspiração, irrigação, coeficiente de cultivo. MATOS, R.M.A; LEITÃO,M.DE M.V.B.R; OLIVEIRA, G.M.DE; OLIVEIRA, E. D. DE;CORREIA, L. T. WATER DEMAND AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION IN PROTECTED PIMENTÃO CULTIVATION IN THE NORTH REGION OF BAHIA 2 ABSTRACT The objective was to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc), crop coefficient and water use efficiency for the production of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated under two soil compounds in a protected environment. The experiment was conducted in Juazeiro-BA, from June to October 2019. The pepper was grown in pots, the design was randomized blocks, split plots, four irrigation depths were used (95, 100, 105 and 110% of ETc) and two levels of soil fertilization: A1 (25% manure and 75% soil) and A2 (40% manure and 60% soil), which were based on studies developed by Santana (2019). ETc was determined using two sets of constant water table lysimeters and the crop coefficient was determined from ETc and reference evapotranspiration. The total water demand of the crop for the A1 fertilization level was 527.3 mm and for that A2 was 395.7 mm. The maximum and minimum crop coefficients were respectively 0.78 and 0.23 for A2; 1.02 and 0.34 for A1. The A1 level of fertilization showed higher productivity and satisfactory conversion of water into fresh fruit mass. Keywords: evapotranspiration, irrigation, crop coefficient.

До питання перспектив і проблем органічного виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

До питання перспектив і проблем органічного виробництва сільськогосподарської продукції в Україні

Jurnal TEKNOLOGI TEPAT GUNA “ALAT UKUR KESUBURAN TANAH SEDERHANA” DI KAMPUNG GEMBOR UDIK

Soil fertility factors greatly influence success in agriculture, but most farmers still ignore this. One of the factors that cause farmers to fail their crops is artificial fertilizers and other inputs continuously in the long term. The impact of continuous use causes the soil to harden quickly, less able to store water, and promptly becomes acidic, which results in decreased soil fertility. Community service activity aims to increase farmers' knowledge about the application of appropriate technology in the form of a simple, effective and efficient soil fertility measuring device that can be used by farmers to measure the level of soil fertility under management, increase productivity and welfare of farmers and optimize agricultural potential in the local area that it can become one of the food centers.. Community service activities were carried out in Genbor Udik Village sub- district of Cikande , Serangi by the KKM 51 team, The output produced is in the way of a simple, effective and, efficient noun string in measuring soil fertility which, is expected to increase turnover to partners, improve community understanding and skills and increase the quantity and quality of products

ANALISIS KESUBURAN PERTANIAN MELALUI IRIGASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS CLUSTERING

Indonesia is an agricultural country where the majority of its population makes a living from agriculture. The agricultural sector is a very important sector for economic development in an agricultural country like Indonesia. Poor irrigation facilities greatly affect the results of the agricultural sector. Crop quality is based on many factors such as the characteristics of the irrigation process, including the amount of air and irrigation time. Overwatering irrigation can cause air wastage, soil freezing disease, yellowing of plant leaves, wilting of plant leaves, and many other problems. K-Means clustering is a method used to group data into one or more groups or clusters. The advantages of the K-Means algorithm are that it is easy and simple to implement, scalability, speed in convergence, and the ability to adapt to sparse data. K-Means to group agricultural land based on soil fertility and rainfall data, found that this grouping can help in more efficient irrigation planning. The clustering results show that agricultural land can be divided into three main clusters based on soil fertility and irrigation. Soil fertility is formed into three clusters based on the level of soil fertility using the Kmeans algorithm which can also be effective in helping in the Indonesian agricultural sector. By adding technological elements, the results provided will of course be even better.

A 10-year monitoring of soil properties dynamics and soil fertility evaluation in Chinese hickory plantation regions of southeastern China

Monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of soil properties is helpful to understand the evolution of soil properties and adjust the management method in time. Soil fertility evaluation is an urgent need to understand soil fertility level and prevent soil degradation. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) plantation to clarify the spatial and temporal variation of soil properties and its influencing factors, and to evaluate the change of soil fertility. The results showed that the soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased from 2008 to 2018, while available nitrogen (AN) significantly decreased from 2008 to 2018. The semi-variance revealed that except available phosphorus (AP), the spatial dependencies of soil properties increased from 2008 to 2018. An increasing south-north gradient was found for soil AN, AP, available potassium (AK) and SOC and a decreasing south-north gradient was found for soil pH. The average soil fertility in the whole area was increased from 2008 to 2018. Our findings demonstrated that the changes of the management measures were the reason for the change of soil properties from 2008 to 2018. Therefore, rational fertilization strategies and sod cultivation are recommended to maintain the long-term development of the producing forest.

СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ УГЛЕРОДНОГО ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН

Global climatic changes have a negative impact on the development of all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. However, the very production of agricultural products is one of the most important sources of greenhouse gases entering the atmosphere. Taking into account the need to reduce the “carbon footprint” in food production, a special place is occupied by the analysis of the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and the development of measures for their sequestration in agriculture.&#x0D; One of the main directions for reducing emissions and immobilizing greenhouse gases is the development of special techniques for their sequestration in the soil, including those used in agriculture. Adaptation of existing farming systems for this task will significantly reduce the “carbon footprint” from agricultural production, including animal husbandry. The development of carbon farming allows not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to significantly increase the level of soil fertility, primarily by increasing the content of organic matter in them. As a result, it becomes possible, along with the production of crop production, to produce “carbon units” that are sold on local and international markets.&#x0D; The paper analyzes possible greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and the potential for their sequestration in agricultural soils. The role of various elements of the farming system in solving the problem of reducing the “carbon footprint” is considered and ways of developing carbon farming in the Republic of Tatarstan are proposed

Soil Characteristics on Sustainable Food Agriculture Land (LP2B) In Sawerigadi Sub-District, Muna Barat Regency

The research was conducted in Sawerigadi Subdistrict on Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) consisting of five profiles. The research objectives were to determine soil characteristics in physics, chemistry, biology, and to determine the level of soil fertility on it. The research method that is; 1) Land Survey, 2) Research implementation includes the both preparation stage and data collection stage (field implementation), 3) Soil analysis includes analysis of physics, chemistry and biology. Observation and carried out soil sampling were by making soil profiles at the each point. The results of the observation physical properties from the five profiles were almost the same, which had a reddish yellow to brownish yellow color with the texture of loam, clay, clay loam to silty clay. Soil structure is angular blocky and rounded blocky and has a slightly sticky to very sticky consistency. The results of laboratory analysis of the five research profiles have slightly acidic to neutral pH, very low to low C-Organic and NTotal, very low to moderate CEC, very low to very high alkali saturation, P-available is low to very high, K-available is low to moderate, and very low to high base cations (Mg, Ca, Na, K). The value from the results of laboratory analysis of the five profiles at each layer tended to decrease with soil depth. The biological characteristics of the five research profiles are related to macro and micro activity of soil fauna, a little to a lot, the existence of macro and micro activity of soil fauna depending on vegetation conditions on the soil surface. The soil fertility level of the five research profile is in the low to medium category

Effects of Biochar and Straw Return on Soil Aggregate and Organic Carbon on Purple Soil Dry Slope Land

The aim of the study was to understand the impact of biochar and straw return on soil aggregates and organic carbon for soil improvement of the newly cultivated purple soil dry slope land in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. In this study, a field test was used to set five treatment pairs with regards to soil aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution:no fertilization(CK), conventional fertilization(NPK), optimized fertilization(GNPK), chemical fertilizer reduction combined with straw(RSD), and chemical fertilizer reduction combined with biochar(BC). The results showed that fertilization can improve the level of soil fertility, especially with the RSD and BC treatments. The soil aggregates of each fertilization treatment were<0.25 mm in size. Compared with the CK, each treatment significantly increased the aggregate content of 0.5-5 mm particles, and the values of MWD, GMD, and R0.25. Further, the treatments significantly reduced the value of D and PAD0.25(P<0.05), and each fertilization treatment significantly increased the soil organic carbon content, of which BC(6.73 g·kg-1) and RSD(5.45 g·kg-1) were significantly better than NPK(5.05 g·kg-1) and GNPK(3.63 g·kg-1). The<0.25 mm aggregates had the highest contribution rate of organic carbon(34.92%-59.49%), while the>5 mm aggregates had the lowest contribution rate of organic carbon(1.55%-6.01%). The BC treatment significantly increased the organic carbon contribution rate of 5-2 mm and 2-1 mm agglomerates(P<0.05), while the contribution rate of NPK, RSD, and GNPK was the most significant for 0.5-0.25 mm(P<0.05). Each fertilization treatment increased the yield of rapeseed and corn, with large inter-annual differences, but the overall difference between treatments was not significant. The stability of soil aggregates and crop yields showed an upward trend with the increase of soil organic carbon. Biochar and straw returning to the field may promote the formation of large and medium aggregates in soil, effectively improve the stability of aggregates, increase organic carbon content, and promote crop yields. It is therefore an effective measure to improve the soil structure of purple soil and improve soil quality.

Growth and production of sweet corn (Zea mays saccarata sturt L) with soil treatment and number of seeds per planting hole

Sweet corn production in Indonesia from is volatile and unstable. Unoptimal production of sweet corn in North Sumatra is caused by land conditions, plant populations, pest and disease and level of soil fertility. Effective and efficient soil tillage, crop spacing and number of seeds will affect the physical properties of the soil and plant productivity. This study aims to observe the best planting and tillage methods for maize. This study used a split plot design which is repeated three times with two factors, i.e. 3 levels of number of seeds per planting hole and 3 levels of soil tillage. The results showed that the treatment of tillage and the number of seeds per planting hole give significant effect on the variables of plant height, stem diameter, and total production. The interaction of these two factors showed an influence on the parameters of sweet corn plant height. The treatment of 2 seed per planting hole and 1 time of soil tillage show the best productivity compared to other treatments.

Microbiomes of natural and abandoned agricultural soils of the Central part of Yamal region

Soil cover of the northern most regions of Eurasia are considered as underestimated in terms of their possible role in expansions of current agriculture to the cryolithozone. In this context, abandoned agricultural soils of Yamal region were investigated in terms of morphology, chemistry and taxonomy microbiome compositions and compared in these terms with mature tundra and taiga soils of pristine environments. The level of soil fertility was low in all cases – former agricultural soils and pristine ones. The level of microorganism’s biodiversity was higher in soils of agricultural lands. This fact indicates that the agricultural soil treatment in polar terrestrial ecosystem results in increasing of soil microbial biodiversity due to diversification of ecological niches. Also the is an essential lack of nitrogen sources in all permafrost affected soils studied.

Methods for restoring fertility and improving physical and mechanical properties of soils

Insufficient intake of organic matter into the soil, non-compliance with crop rotations result in the soil degradation. Only due to the use of mineral nutrition, it is impossible to maintain a high level of soil fertility. To compensate for the lack of humus, the most optimal is the use of green fertilizers. The costs of producing and applying cover crops are significantly less than the costs of using organic fertilizers. In terms of peasant farms conditions in the Tambov region, two types of crop rotations with the introduction of sideral crops are recommended. It is important to carry out grinding and embedding of sideral crops specifically so that it can provide optimal parameters for the decomposition of organic mass and promote humus formation. Currently, four processing techniques are used for harvesting and embedding sideral crops. The recommended scheme involves mowing and step-by-step grinding of the grass stand with a mower-shredder located in front of the tractor, followed by embedding in the soil with a disc harrow. The analysis shows that small producers segment has no affordable machines for high-quality grinding of sideral crops with low specific energy consumption. To ensure stems cutting with minimal specific energy consumption, a mower has been developed, which, due to the trough-shaped type of its body, forms plants tilted forward in a mass and then, they fall into the grinding zone with the angle of inclination of the stems in this mass close to the angle of body inclination. In the grinding zone, the plant stems are exposed to knives rotating in plane surfaces perpendicular to the longitudinal surface of the mower body. As a result of operational tests of the mower-shredder of sideral crops and crop residues, it was found that technological process of plants grinding is carried out steadily and with a quality that meets agrotechnological requirements.