Levels Of Social Participation Research Articles

Incontinência urinária, senso de controle e autonomia, e participação social em idosos residentes na comunidade

Abstract Objective Identify the presence of urinary incontinence (UI) symptoms and test a model of direct and indirect associations with the psychosocial variables sense of control/autonomy and social participation in community-dwelling older adults. Method Cross-sectional study conducted with 419 adults aged 72 years or over (70.2% female) participating in the follow-up survey of the FIBRA Study - Polo Unicamp. Age, sex and educational level were the sociodemographic variables selected as antecedents of the relationship between UI and social participation. A sense of control/autonomy was tested as a mediator of these relationships in a path analysis through structural equation modelling. Results UI was reported by 38% of the sample, with significant differences according to sex (41% female versus 31.3% male). Three levels of social participation were proposed, based on the degree of interaction between the individual and society. The model of relationships explained 15% of the variance in social participation. Direct effects were observed between control/autonomy and social participation; indirect effects between education and participation, mediated by the presence of UI. Conclusion UI contributed to restrictions in social participation at all levels. Control/autonomy, although related, did not prove to be a psychological mediator for the relationship between UI and participation. The presence of UI potentialized the disadvantageous relationships between education and social participation. As modifiable factors, the treatment and management of UI through clinical and psychosocial initiatives can act to reduce negative psychological effects and reduce socioeconomic inequalities in social participation.

Students’ Participation In The Socio-Cultural Development Of The City: Socio-Cultural Agency Issues (International Research Perspectives)

The article tackles the issue of youth agency, understood as the desire and ability of young people to engage in the socio-cultural development of their cities of choice for pursuing higher education. This contribution tries to clarify factors to be considered in analyzing youth agency in an international perspective. It is based on an internationally conducted survey, in 2020, among students in regional centers from Russia, Armenia, Poland and Romania (target sample No =1272). Across their different socio-cultural backgrounds and context of living and studying, young people share similarities regarding their readiness to get involved in projects of territorial development but also display significant distinctive features to be considered in international comparisons. The cross-countrycomparison highlighted the existence of four models of agency. Russian youth is characterized mainlyby an "escapist" model of agency, with a low level of readiness for social participation and a lack of experience in such activities. Two models dominate in Armenia: "active" with a high level of readinessand real involvement, as well as the model of "potential development". In Poland, the level of socialparticipation among students is much higher than in other countries, but it is predominantly passive. Romanian students demonstrate an actualized "active" model of socio-cultural agency. At the same time, the potential for its development is low. These findings help explain the variations in students’ readiness to participate in urban socio-cultural development projects.

Social participation and depressive symptoms among older adults during the Covid-19 pandemic in Serbia: A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo determine the predictors and level of social participation and depressive symptoms within the context of isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate if the residence and type of housing had a moderating role in the relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms. MethodsThis cross-sectional, comparative, and correlational study was conducted on a sample of 299 participants. Research instruments used in this study included: socio-demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Maastricht Social Participation Profile, and Mini-Mental State Exam. ResultsSocial participation was found to contribute negatively to symptoms of depression (β = -0.245, p < .01), with a higher level of depression being found in older adults living in nursing homes (β = -0.152, p < .05). ConclusionsThe study confirmed a strong relationship between social participation and depressive symptoms in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Retirement and Suicidal Behaviours: A Review of the International Literature

We examined the relationship of reported childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms in a sample (N = 105) of individuals aged 19 to 80 receiving treatment for substance use and opioid use disorders in federally qualified health centers. Fifty-two percent of the sample was age 39 or younger, 30% were in their 40s and 18% were aged 50 and older. Thirty-two percent did not graduate high school and 36% had a high school education or equivalent. Seventy percent reported experiencing adverse childhood experiences (ACES). Although harmful alcohol use was low, 83% of the sample reported substantial or severe substance use, with 41% of the total reporting opioid use. ACES predicted current PTSD symptoms. Telehealth treatment considerations include: 1) internet access, 2) health and mental health literacy, and 3) monitoring for dissociation when using mindfulness-based relapse prevention treatment.

Profile Analysis of Tribal Farmers of Vidarbha Region

In Maharashtra 10.33 million population belonged to tribal’s. Tribal people constitute the most deprived and neglected section of the population of the state, hence the research objective was formulated to study the profile of tribal farmers of Vidarbha region. An exploratory research design of social science was used for the present investigation. Study was conducted in Gadchiroli and Yavatmal districts in the year 2020, with 280 respondents. The findings suggested that, relatively high per cent (44.28%) of the respondents were belonged to middle age (36 to 50 years) group category, more than one fourth (29.30%) of the respondents were educated up to primary school level, nearly half (48.92%) of the respondents concentrated in medium size of family with 5 to 6 members in the family, majority (54.64%) of the respondent tribal farmers were belonged to nuclear type of family, relatively high per cent of the respondents (46.43%) involved in agriculture, majority of the respondent tribal farmers (72.14%) had annual earning up to Rs. 80,000/-, more than half (51.78%) of the respondents had small size of land holding (1.01 to 2.00 ha.), majority (52.85%) of the respondents had medium (24 to 43 years) farming experience, majority (71.43%) of the respondents had medium level of social participation, majority (73.92%) of the respondents were using medium level of sources of information, majority (54.64%) of the respondent tribal farmers belonged to medium innovativeness category, majority (63.92%) of the respondents had medium cosmopolitness in nature, majority (75.71%) of the respondent tribal farmers had medium level of change orientation, whereas 56.07 per cent had medium level of fatalism, more than three fourth of the respondents (78.21%) had derived medium level of benefits.

Quality of life among adults with repaired tetralogy of fallot: A literature review.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart defect. Survival into adulthood is currently expected following surgical repair, leading to a growing population of adults with repaired TOF. In this literature review, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge on the quality of life of adults with repaired TOF. A search was conducted on PubMed and results were reviewed for articles published between January of 2010 and June of 2020. Search terms included "Tetralogy of Fallot", "repaired", "adults" and "quality of life". For the subjective health status evaluation, most published studies used Short-Form-36. Most studies agree that physical complex status is poorer for adult patients with repaired TOF than for controls. Mental complex status was also lower. Patients reported similar satisfaction with their lives and levels of social participation. Most patients had a college or university degree. Higher education, male gender and having a partner were positively associated with being employed. Studies found no difference in the proportion of patients that are married or living with a partner, compared to control groups. Patients operated for TOF have a lower reproduction rate compared with the background population. A consistent finding of these studies is abnormal physical parameters compared to psychosocial issues. The diverse needs of adults with repaired TOF require a multidisciplinary care, that takes into consideration all aspects that affect their quality of life. Despite abnormal physical functional status, it is reassuring that most adult patients with TOF lead independent and productive lives.

The Digital Divide and Active Aging in China.

With the rapid development of society, especially the advent of intelligent technology of life services, the ability of the elderly to adapt to modern digital life is getting weaker and weaker, the dilemma of the “digital divide” for the elderly has aroused heated public debate. In the era of aging and information superposition, in-depth study of the multi-dimensional impact of the digital divide on the elderly has become an effective content of China’s active aging strategy. Based on the micro-data of the Chinese General Social Survey in 2017, this paper uses the entropy right method to construct the digital divide index system for the elderly over 60 years of age from the perspective of essential equipment, Internet utilization degree, and Basic Internet usage skills. At the same time, this paper constructs China’s comprehensive index of active aging from three aspects: health, social participation, and guarantee of the elderly, to study the impact of the digital divide on China’s active aging. The following conclusions have been drawn: the digital divide among the elderly significantly inhibits China’s active aging. The digital divide reduces the level of physical and mental health and social participation of older persons and inhibits the level of guarantee of older persons, thus impeding their active aging. In addition, it also reduces the overall life satisfaction of the elderly. The use of the Internet, skills, and other digital technology abilities of the elderly have effectively promoted active aging. The more Internet access devices older people have, the higher their level of social participation. The higher the Internet frequency of the elderly, the healthier the body and mind. Furthermore, the greater the level of physical and mental health and social participation of older groups who use online payments. The digital divide among the elderly inhibits the process of China’s active aging, and the unique course and stage characteristics of the development of the aging of the Chinese population require us to pay full attention to the relationship between the digital divide and active aging and how to construct a “digital-friendly” aging system is an essential issue for China’s social development to consider.

Conceptual contours of migration studies in and from Asia

Conceptual contours of migration studies in and from Asia

Autonomic Modulation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy During a Computer Task: A Prospective Transversal Controlled Trial Assessment by Non-linear Techniques.

Introduction: Due to functional and autonomic difficulties faced by individuals with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the use of assistive technology is critical to provide or facilitate functional abilities. The key objective was to investigate acute cardiac autonomic responses, by application of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), during computer tasks in subjects with DMD via techniques based on non-linear dynamics.Method: HRV was attained via a Polar RS800CX. Then, was evaluated by Chaotic Global Techniques (CGT). Forty-five male subjects were included in the DMD group and age-matched with 45 in the healthy Typical Development (TD) control group. They were assessed for 20 min at rest sitting, and then 5 min whilst performing the maze task on a computer.Results: Both TD and DMD subjects exhibited a significantly reduced HRV measured by chaotic global combinations when undertaking the computer maze paradigm tests. DMD subjects presented decreased HRV during rest and computer task than TD subjects.Conclusion: While there is an impaired HRV in subjects with DMD, there remains an adaptation of the ANS during the computer tasks. The identification of autonomic impairment is critical, considering that the computer tasks in the DMD community may elevate their level of social inclusion, participation and independence.

The effect of stigma on social participation in community-dwelling Chinese patients with stroke sequelae: A cross-sectional study

Objective To explore the effect of stigma on social participation in community-dwelling Chinese patients with stroke sequelae. Design A cross-sectional survey study. Setting The study was conducted in two community centres in Tianjin, China. Subjects Community-dwelling Chinese patients with stroke sequelae. Measures Chinese version of Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness, Chinese version of Impact on Participation and Autonomy, Modified Barthel index, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, background and disease-related questions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were computed between stigma and social participation. The impact of stigma on social participation was estimated by hierarchical multiple regression analysis after controlling for demographic, physical and psychosocial characteristics. Results In total, 136 patients with stroke sequelae were included in this study, with a mean age of 67.8 years. The Chinese version of the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness had a mean score of 48.4 (SD 16.9), and the Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy was 67.1 (SD 21.1). Significant correlations were found between stigma and social participation. Pearson’s correlation coefficient ranged from 0.354 to 0.605 (P < 0.01). Enacted stigma provided a significant explanation for the variance of social participation by 1.1% (P < 0.05). Felt stigma provided a significant explanation for the variance of social participation by 2.9% (P < 0.001). Conclusion Felt stigma and enacted stigma have independent associations with social participation. Patients with stroke sequelae who reported higher stigma experienced a lower level of social participation.

Integrating Digital Twin Technology Into Large Panel System Estates Retrofit Projects

As sustainability is now a standard for the proposed developments, the focus ought to be shifted towards the existing buildings and, among them, the worldwide stock of large panel system (LPS) buildings. Major upgrades and retrofits were done to some of the LPS estates in Germany and France, but a leading sustainable way must still be developed for LPS buildings in Eastern European countries, where apartments in those half-a-century-old estates are privately owned. Both sustainability and ownership issues make the demolition option redundant, and therefore the method for deep thermal retrofit and urban intervention is being developed with the use of BIM simulation tools. Digital twin (DT) technology allows for calibration to intertwine with the Internet of Things applications that reward the inhabitants for sustainable behaviour while feeding the relevant data back to the DT. Thanks to this, smart technology can be used to raise the level of social participation in the projects and thus help educate the end-users, which is paramount in establishing and maintaining good ecological habits, and as such, also for the efficacy and viability of the final endeavour. This article proposes a procedure of creating a 3D model typology repository for facilitating DT technology to provide a good analytical tool for community consultation and enable virtual testing of technical and urban solutions before implementation. It aims to determine the method for virtual technology to give deteriorating estates a new lease of life and improve their perception in the wider community while being a conduit for the adaptation of CEE to the digital revolution.

Gender Differences in the Score and Influencing Factors of Social Participation among Chinese Elderly

ABSTRACT This study measured the social participation score of the Chinese elderly, described its decayed trajectory based on birth cohort, and analyzed the gender differences of factors that affected the social participation of the elderly based on MIMIC model by groups. Results showed that age, economic status, and living status were the influencing factors with significant gender differences on social participation level of Chinese elderly. At any age, the social participation of Chinese elderly women was lower than that of elderly men, and this gap widened with age. Social participation of older women was more vulnerable to economic conditions. Living with children had a significant negative impact on the social participation of elderly women. There was no significant gender difference in the influence of marital status and educational level on the social participation of the elderly.

Development of social participation classification system for children with cerebral palsy.

Background: Some classification systems have been designed to measure domains of function of children with cerebral palsy (CP), including the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS), and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS). The purpose of the present study was to develop a Social Participation Classification System for children with cerebral palsy (SPCS) with a 5-level sequential scale (level 1 the lowest and level 5 the highest level of participation) and assess its reliability. Methods: In this cross-sectional analytic study, 274 parents of 6 to 12 year-old children with CP were asked to complete the questionnaires (CPAS-P, MACS, GMFCS, and CFCS) for their child. The expert review consisting of 10 occupational therapists with at least 5 years of experience working with children with CP was asked to rate the level of social participation with a 5-level sequential scale (level 1 the lowest and level 5 the highest level of participation) of these children according to the variables (intelligent quotient [IQ], CP type, walking ability, GMFCS, CFCS, and MACS). Then, these data were analyzed using the polynomial discriminant function. After performing discriminant function, a flowchart model was determined for the level of children's social participation. To calculate the reliability of the model, 53 new samples were collected and their level of social participation was determined based on the flowchart model. The experts were then asked to determine the social participation level of these 53 new samples in the same manner as before, and then to calculate reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach alpha. The SPSS Version 22 (SPSS Inc) and discriminant function model analysis was used for statistical analysis. Results: Based on the discriminant function model, the results between the predicted classification and expert review are over 88% consistent. The ICC and Cronbach alpha values were 0.952 and 0.975, respectively, with absolute agreement and multivariate mixed effects. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the SPCS was developed in 5 levels (very low, low, moderate, high, and very high) and to determine it, the GMFCS, MACS, and CFCS scores, CP type, and IQ level should be calculated.

Comparing self-reported vs. parent/caregiver reported levels of social participation for young adults with intellectual disabilities: A pilot study.

This study focused on the level of satisfaction of social participation reported by young adults with intellectual disabilities, and the comparison of these levels to those reported by their caregivers. Fifteen young adults with intellectual disabilities and their parents/caregivers completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Satisfaction with Participation in Discretionary Social Activities-Calibrated Items (PROMIS SF-Social Sat DSA) and the Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities-Short Form (Neuro-QoL SF). Reports from these young adults were compatible to that of the general population. There was general agreement on the Social Sat DSA between the individuals and their caregivers, but there were differences between groups on the Neuro-QoL SF, with the caregivers typically giving higher scores (p = .025). This pilot study demonstrates the importance of involving both the individuals with intellectual disabilities, and their parents/caregivers when conducting survey research. Further research is encouraged.

Internet and Social Isolation: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Internet Use on Social Isolation Between Young and Middle-aged Individuals

Background: One of the symptoms of mental health disorders is social isolation which refers to unfavorable social relationships with other people. Today, Internet use is an important predictor of social isolation. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Internet use and social isolation (objective-subjective) in young and middle-aged individuals in the city of Shiraz. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 young and middle-aged (15 - 65 years old) individuals in Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected using three questionnaires (objective isolation with four subscales, subjective isolation with two subscales, and the amount of Internet use). Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: Regression analysis showed that in objective isolation, Internet use increased just two subscales, including network diversity (P &lt; 0.001) and the level of social participation (P &lt; 0.001). It can be argued that the Internet has partly reduced social isolation in the objective dimension. In the subjective dimension, Internet use has increased the received social support (P &lt; 0.001). Thus, Internet use would reduce the level of social isolation in the subjective dimension (P &lt; 0.001). Although the significance level of the relationship between Internet use and social isolation is almost the same in both generations, the intensity of middle-aged relationships is higher than that in young people. Conclusions: Internet use has reduced social isolation; however, considering the low intensity of the reduction of isolation, it is argued that Internet use does not isolate people but just does not upgrade them much.

'I go home with a happy heart'. Enhancing community aged care services to sustain togetherness: Perspectives from Australian staff and clients.

Social participation is critical to the health and well-being of older adults, however, participation often declines with age. Research has identified that personal and environmental factors such as high socioeconomic status and accessible transportation are associated with higher levels of social participation. However, the barriers and facilitators to social participation experienced by older adults receiving community aged care services remains largely unexplored. This qualitative study aimed to generate context-rich data and identify the barriers and facilitators to effective community care services that can support older adults' participation in the community and contribute to individual well-being. Semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 40 community aged care clients and 21 staff members between January to July 2018 and thematic analysis was undertaken. Environmental factors, such as availability and accessibility of transportation services emerged as the most important factors influencing participation. Older age, self-attitude towards one's own functional ability and limited social networks were important personal factors affecting participation. Proactive aged care services (e.g., engaged staff, tailored activities) were reported to assist with continual engagement in aged care services. In contrast, the type, location and accessibility of the activity, associated costs and limited options for accessible transportation were key barriers to older adults' social participation. Pathways contributing to positive engagement were complex and variable, but personal well-being and local community resources emerged as important factors encouraging higher social participation. These findings are discussed in the context of the ongoing pandemic and implications for future aged care services are provided.

IMPACT OF MICRO-FINANCE ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN PRAYAGRAJ DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

Microfinance is a widely accepted tool for poverty alleviation and socio-economic development of its beneficiaries and currently promoted as a key strategy for women empowerment and for reaching the unreached poor. There was lack of knowledge on the impact of microfinance on women empowerment; hence there arises the need for the study. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study in Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. Six villages in Holagarh block of Prayagaraj district is selected for the study. From each village, 20 respondents were selected constitutes 120 respondents. The primary data were collected with the help of interview schedule and with appropriate statistical tools the data is processed. The findings of the study are majority of the respondents were middle aged, literate, earns medium level of annual income, low level of mass media exposure, had above 3 acres of land holding, medium level of leadership capacity and medium level of social participation. Further, nearly half of the respondents had medium level of impact on operational aspects and individual aspects of micro-finance on women empowerment and more than two-third of the respondents had medium level of impact of micro-finance on family aspects.

Quality of Life in Older Adults: Evidence from Mexico and Ecuador.

Older adults are a growing population group in Latin America, hence the importance of deepening studies, proposals, and policies to guarantee their well-being. This article analyzes the perception of quality of life in older adults from Mexico and Ecuador and its association with several socioeconomic variables. The study design was cross-sectional. The sample comprised 450 older adults, 238 from Mexico and 212 from Ecuador. The WHOQOL-OLD Quality of Life Questionnaire and a set of sociodemographic variables were used. The results showed a higher perception of quality of life in the Mexican sample regarding most of the dimensions, except for sensory skills and social participation. An association was also found between sensory skills and sports practice, as well as between social participation and education level. The study achieves a binational approach to the reality of older adults in Latin America and confirms that there are differences in each sample that are due to the particularities of each reality. This research contributes to deepening the reality of the elderly, especially in Ecuador, where the quality-of-life studies in all age segments must be strengthened.

Occurrence of symptoms in different stages of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and their impact on social participation.

Introduction/AimsAs life expectancy improves for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), new symptoms are likely to arise. This aims of this study are: (1) to explore the prevalence of a broad variety of symptoms in the various stages of DMD (with and without steroid use); (2) to explore the prevalence of common secondary diagnoses; and (3) to evaluate the social participation level of patients with DMD older than 16 y of age; and to explore correlations between social participation and symptoms.MethodsA cross‐sectional self‐report questionnaire, including questions on functional level and health status, as well as a standardized participation scale was distributed among Dutch patients with DMD.ResultsEighty‐four male patients with a mean age of 22.0 (SD = 10.0) y were enrolled. The most prevalent and limiting symptoms were difficulty coughing (58%), coldness of hands (57%), contractures (51%), stiffness (49%), fatigue (40%), myalgia (38%), and low speech volume (33%). Prevalent secondary diagnoses included cardiac disease (14%), neurobehavioral diagnosis (13%), low blood pressure (13%), and arthrosis (5%). Social participation correlated negatively with coldness of hands (r = − .29; P < .03), decreased intelligibility (r = − .40; P < .003), and chewing problems (r = − .33; P < .02).DiscussionThe prevalence of a broad spectrum of symptoms and secondary diagnoses is high in patients with DMD, and some of these symptoms are correlated with social participation. Growing awareness of new symptoms and secondary diagnoses among patients, caregivers, and professionals can enhance their recognition, possibly facilitating prevention and early treatment.

English

The present study explored characteristics of farmers using the information and communication technology (ICT) for seeking agricultural information. The study was conducted in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state during the year 2020-21. Two districts namely, Parbhani and Hingoli were selected randomly from Marathwada region. Two talukas from each selected district and four villages from each talukas were selected randomly for the study. From each selected village, ten farmers those having mobile phones with internet facilities and engaged in agricultural operations were selected randomly, in this way total 160 respondents were considered for the study. An Ex-post-facto research design was followed for the study. Data was gathered using a well-structured interview schedule created with the study's objectives in mind. The collected data was analyzed, classified and tabulated. Statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of correlation were used to interpret findings and draw conclusions. The detailed analysis of profile characteristics of farmers indicated that majority of the farmers were medium aged (55.63%), educated up to middle school level (44.38%), small land holder (41.87%), medium size family (60%), medium level of annual income i.e. Rs. 41,233 to Rs. 3,19,268 (87.5%), medium farming experience (60.63%), medium level of innovativeness (36.25%), medium level of social participation (51.25%), medium level of mass media exposure (50.63%), medium level of scientific orientation (55.62%), medium level extension contact (54.38%).