SGPT Levels Research Articles

Acute toxicity and anti-dyslipidemic activity of Arogyavardhini compound in fructose-induced dyslipidemia in albino rats

Metabolic syndrome is a co-occurrence of obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia caused by improper diet and lifestyle. Arogyavardhini compound (AVC) contains an equal quantity of Arogyavardhini rasa and Lasuna powder. In clinical practice, Arogyavardhini Rasa is well known for its antidyslipidemic and weight lowering effect. Therefore, the present experimental study was designed to evaluate the safety of AVC on acute administration and anti-dyslipidemic activity in albino rats. An acute oral toxicity study for AVC was carried out by following OECD 425 guidelines. The anti-dyslipidemic activity was carried out against fructose-induced dyslipidemia in albino rats. No mortality and toxicity were observed and gross behaviours of all the albino rats were found normal during the experimental period of 14 days in the acute toxicity study. Fructose significantly increased blood sugar, triglycerides, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase levels in albino rats in comparison to the control group. AVC treated group produced a decrease in serum triglyceride, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase, which suggest that the drug has potential as anti-dyslipidemic and may be protective for degenerative changes produced by fructose in the liver, kidney, and heart of albino rats. From the present study it is concluded that AVC is safe up to an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg in albino rats and has exhibited a protective role in fructose-induced dyslipidemia in albino rats, hence may be useful in metabolic syndrome.

Acute toxicity test ethanol extract of kerehau leaf (Callicarpa longifolia Lamk) using OECD 420 method

Background: Kerehau is empirically used as cooling powder to treat acne. Based on previous research, kerehau leaves have a number of activities, including wound healing, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the safety level of a single dose of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves within a 24-hour administration period. Methods: Acute toxicity testing of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was carried out on female Webster mice. Test animals were divided into 4 treatment groups, consisting of 1 control group and 3 test groups. The testing method referred to OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) 420 with modified doses of 2000mg/kgBW, 5000 mg/kgBW, and 8000 mg/kgBW. The observations were made on the behaviour of animals towards toxicity symptoms for 4 hours after administration of the test substance as well as death. The death and weight gain were observed for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed, blood was taken, and biochemical parameters were measured. The heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and lungs were harvested and weighed. Data was analysed using Oneway ANOVA continued with LSD and Post Hoc. Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of kerehau leaves did not cause death in all of the groups. There were significant differences in liver weight, SGPT, and SGOT levels (p< 0.05) at the dose of 5000 mg/kgBW. No toxicity symptoms and death were found until the end of the experiment. Conclusion: LD50 value of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was above 8000 mg/kgBW with heart as the most affected organ. Keywords: Ethanol extract of kerehau leaves, acute toxicity test, OECD 420.

Mortality predictors in acute exacerbation of COPD: A prospective study in Western India

Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. In 2016, COPD was the third leading cause of death. Thus prevention, early detection and prompt treatment of exacerbations may have an impact on the clinical progression and the risk of hospitalization. Material and Methods: This is a prospective study of 94 patients admitted for acute exacerbation of COPD in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 18 months. After a detailed medical history and physical examination, patients’ blood was sent for Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis, a complete hemogram, blood sugar levels, serum albumin levels, blood urea nitrogen levels (BUN), serum creatinine levels, SGPT, SGOT, serum sodium and potassium levels. We have then compared these parameters in the patients who have died with those who have survived to determine mortality predictors. Result: A statistically significant corelation was observed between male gender, smoking (odd ratio of 1.5), duration of smoking (p=0.0014), history of prior admission (odd ratio of 2), longer duration of illness (p=0.045), elevated blood sugar levels (p=0.035), hypolabuminemia (0.001), hypopnatremia (0.001), respiratory acidosis (0.003), elevated partial pressure of CO2 (0.001) and mortality. Conclusion: We found a male preponderance of increased mortality. Increase in mortality was also there with the increase in the duration of smoking. Longer duration of illness was also an important predictor of mortality. Respiratory acidosis, hyponatremia, elevated blood sugar levels and hypoalbuminemia at the time of presentation are other important predictors of mortality in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD. Keywords: Acute exacerbation; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); Predictors; Mortality.

Analisis Kadar SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase) Dan Kholinesterase Pada Petani Sayur Di Desa Riang Gede, Kecamatan Penebel, Kabupaten Tabanan

Excessive users in the long term can cause damage to liver function qhich is indicated by the presence of SGPT levels that exceed the reference value and cholinesterase levels that are less than the reference value. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of SGPT and kholinesterase in vegetable famers in Riang Gede Village, Penebel District, Tabanan Regency. This research is a descriptive study using a statistical test that displays the lowest, highest value, average test results and deviation standards to correct errors in the analysis process. Blood sampling is done on 30 vegetable farmers by using a sampling technique in the form of random sampling SGPT and kholinesterase levels measured using a photometer, the results of the study showed an average SGPT level of 17,0 ± 0,02 U/L, the highest level of 48,0 ± 0,05 U/L and the lowest of 9,0 ± 0,05 U/L. The average level of cholinesterase is 5,9 +0,02 kU/L, the highest level is 8,0 ± 0,05 kU/L and the lowest level is 3,5±0,05 kU/L.

Significant role of ginger extracted compounds for diabetes treatment

Diabetes is a typical and pervasive sickness and a significant medical issue around the world. It has been accounted for to be the significant reason for visual impairment, kidney disappointment, lower-furthest point removal, cardiovascular maladies and untimely mortality. Diabetes has to expand cases in rustic and helpless populaces all through the world. Diabetes has expanding suitcases in rustic and helpless populaces all through the world, regardless of significant examination concerning sympathetic the pathophysiology and action of diabetes mellitus. It has kept on being a significant medical issue around the world. The chance of its administration by the uttered organization of hypoglycemic specialists has animated incredible examination enthusiasm for throughout the long term. Taking into account the issue with different reasons, the mix of restorative specialists focused on explicit path-organic trails of diabetes and its intricacies bring about a special and additional powerful administration issue. From cell, reinforcement considers, it was discovered that STZ instigated diabetic control creatures indicated a critical diminishing in the degrees of SOD and CAT when contrasted with typical switch. Standard gathering preserved with Glibenclamide and test bunch preserved with Glibenclamide + ginger blend indicated huge increment in CAT and SOD when contrasted with diabetic control insulin lack prompts different metabolic deviations in the rodents; the ascent in blood glucose level is joined by an increment in SGOT and SGPT level. The current investigation was led to assess the counter diabetic action of blend with Ginger. The organization of boundaries actuated diabetes were assessed in the examination. When utilized in mix with Ginger, even at sub remedial degree of Glibenclamide demonstrated comparative impacts as that of a restorative portion of Glibenclamide.

Friedelin exhibits antidiabetic effect in diabetic rats via modulation of glucose metabolism in liver and muscle

Ethnopharmacological relevanceDemand for plant-based medications and therapeutics is increasing worldwide as of its potential effects and no toxic. Traditionally, so many medicinal plants are used to treat diabetes. Subsequently, investigation on medicinal plants was enduring to discover potential antidiabetic drugs. A. tetracantha is used traditionally to cure diabetes mellitus, cough, dropsy, chronic diarrhea, rheumatism, phthisis and smallpox. Scientifically, A. tetracantha has been reported as an antidiabetic agent. Friedelin, the isolated compound has been reported as hypolipidemic, antioxidant, scavenging of free radicals, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent. Aim of the studyTo scrutinize the mechanism of antidiabetic activity of friedelin isolated from the leaves of A. tetracantha. Materials and methodsA. tetracantha leaves powder (5 kg) was soaked in hexane (15 L) to obtain hexane extract. Using column chromatography, the hexane extract was fractionated using a combination of solvents like hexane and ethyl acetate. 25 fractions were obtained and the fractions 13 and 14 yielded the compound, friedelin. Friedelin at the doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg was used to treated STZ -induced diabetic rats for 28 days. Later 28 days of treatment, the bodyweight changes, levels of blood glucose, insulin, SGOT, SGPT, SALP, liver glycogen and total protein were assessed. ResultsFriedelin significantly brought these altered levels to near normal. Moreover, friedelin also enhanced the translocation as well as activation of GLUT2 and GLUT4 through PI3K/p-Akt signaling cascade in skeletal muscles and liver on diabetic rats. ConclusionThis finding proved that friedelin has an anti-diabetic effect through insulin-dependent signaling cascade mechanism, thus it may lead to establishing a drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Profile of SGOT And SGPT Level Check in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Liver disfunction is characterized by increased levels of SGOT and SGPT. The mechanism of liver disfunction by anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) is not yet clearly known, but several research mention the occurrence of hepatotoxicity which caused by direct effect or through the complex production of drug enzyme which have consequences in cell disfunction as well as membrane disfunction. Hepatotoxicity due to ATD does not occur in each patient, but it could cause liver injury. research objective to find out the description of examination of SGOT and SGPT levels in patients of pulmonary tuberculosis. The research type was descriptive using medical records data and laboratory data of RSUP patients of pulmonary TB in January-March 2020. Research results : the normal SGOT levels in men 6-33 U/L as much as 63,33%, and SGOT normal 50-66 U/L as much as 2,35%. The normal SGOT levels in women 10-25 U/L as much as 25,88%, and SGOT normal in women 15-63 U/L as much as 8,24%. The normal SGPT levels in men 3-43 U/L as much as 62,35%, and SGPT normal 55-65 U/L as much as 3,53%. The normal SGPT levels in women 7-29 U/L as much as 34,12%. Hepatotoxicity based on SGOT levels as many as 9 people (10,59%), namely 2 men (elderly and old man) and 7 women (adolescent, adult, and elderly). Hepatotoxicity based on SGPT levels as many as 3 people (3,53%) in elderly and old man.

In Vivo Antitumor Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Lepidagathis Pungens Nees Whole Plant

Cancer is the most dreadful of all the diseases and is the major contributors to the mortality in the world. Out of all the population, almost 1.2 million patients die due to cancer and related problems. The rate and spread of cancer are wide and even in both women and men. It is presently as high as 3.5 million people who have cancer in India alone. There are many ways of treatment of cancer like the surgery, radiation therapy, cryosurgery and chemotherapy. A part of chemotherapy is the usage of a lot of chemicals and synthetic drugs. Due to the side effects of chemotherapy, patients often get symptoms due to the usage of drugs, and so the cancer treatment often is toxic. Because of this, herbal drugs are seemed to have no side effects, and non-toxic effects, and so this project deals with identifying the plant sources of the drugs that treat cancers effectively. The present study focusses on the extraction of the chemical constituents from Lepidagathis pungens whole plant and using the same to estimate the anti-tumour potential in EAC induced tumour induction method. The activity was tested in two doses 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract. They showed a dose-dependent activity when estimated for the tumour parameters and other haematological measures like RBC, WBC counts. They showed similar activity when estimated for the antioxidant enzymes like SGOT, SGPT, Catalases, LPO and ALP levels.

Review: Effect of Red Cabbage Juice (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. Rubra) on SGPT Level

Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata f. Rubra) is a vegetable widely used in Indonesian cuisine. Red cabbage is rich in anthocyanins to reduce SGPT levels in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). This study aims to determine the effect of red cabbage juice on SGPT levels in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In this post-test, only the control group study, male Wistar rats (300g), were randomly divided into 5 groups (K1-K2-K3-K4-K5). Acetaminophen was given to induce liver injury in rats. The rats were treated with the cabbage juice (at the dose of 0.5g/ml or 0.7g/ml or 0.9g/ ml. Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA and LSD post hoc test. Mean SGPT levels for K1, K2, K3, K4, K5 was 58.43 ± 7.18 UI / L, 71.20 ± 9.13 UI/L, 55.73 ± 9.51 UI / L, 72.80 ± 3.47 UI /L, 72.63 ± 3.01 UI /L, respectively. One way ANOVA resulted in p=0.00 (p <0.05). The post hoc LSD test showed significant differences (P <0.05) between all groups except between groups K1-K3, K2-K4, and K2-K5 (p> 0.05). Red cabbage juice can reduce SGPT in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats. The most effective dose was 0.5 g/ml.

Naringin in Combination with Isothiocyanates as Liposomal Formulations Potentiates the Anti-inflammatory Activity in Different Acute and Chronic Animal Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Combination of drugs is extensively used to treat chronic inflammatory disease. Naringin (NAR), sulforaphane (SFN), and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) are nutraceuticals with promising anti-inflammatory properties. However, their clinical effectiveness gets hindered because of low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability. In the current study, two combinations of liposome (NAR + SFN and NAR + PEITC) were prepared and studied thoroughly in different in vivo models of acute and chronic models of inflammation. The encapsulation efficiency of NAR, SFN, and PEITC in the combination liposomal formulations (CLFs) prepared with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine -020CN (15:4:1 M ratio) was determined to be 79.8 ± 4.2, 46.5 ± 3.6, and 78.5 ± 3.2%, respectively. The CLFs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The physicochemical results showed that the preparations were monodisperse (PDI 0.062–0.248) in water with an average size from 140.5 to 165.6 nm and a zeta potential of −47.3 to −53.3 mV. Dissolution studies in vitro showed a slower release of PEITC (>90%, 6 h) in comparison to that of SFN (3 h). Here, we are the first to report the antiarthritic activity of CLF of NAR + SFN and NAR + PEITC in the Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritic model. At an intraperitoneal dose (375 + 375 μg/mL) for 3 weeks, the NAR + PEITC liposome significantly improves both % paw edema and arthritic score compared to their free drug combinations in FCA rats. Most importantly, hematological and biochemical results showed improved anemic conditions with significant changes in the SGOT, SGPT, and ALP levels. The ELISA results showed similar trends of increased cytokine (IL-10) and decreased inflammation markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ). Histological evaluations showing reduction in cell infiltration, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage destruction further confirm and validate the antiarthritic activity of the CLF. This comprehensive study reveals the effectiveness of combination liposomes of poorly soluble anti-inflammatory molecules (NAR, SFN, PEITC) in the treatment of arthritis.

Synergistic Effects of Selenium and Magnesium Nanoparticles on Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Some Serum Biochemical Parameters and Immunity of Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer).

This study aimed to investigate the effect of selenium and magnesium nanoparticles and their combination on growth, serum biochemical and immune parameters, serum hepatic enzymes, and digestive enzymes in Asian Sea bass (Lates calcarifer), with an average weight of 32.78 ± 1.16g for 42days. After 4weeks of adaptation to experimental conditions, 96 fish were randomly distributed equally in 12 cylindrical 300-l fiberglass tanks. Four treatment groups included control, 4mg nano-selenium (Nano-Se), 500mg nano-magnesium (Nano-Mg), and a combined treatment of 4mg Nano-SE + 500mg Nano-Mg treatments examined in this study. The fish fed twice a day as satiation. The results showed fish fed with combined treatment showed the highest rate of body weight gain and the specific growth rate. Digestive enzymes were significantly different between experimental treatments (p < 0.05), whereas amylase did not show a significant difference between experimental treatments (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, and protein indices did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05). The immunoglobulin, IgM, C3, and ACH50 indexes did not differ significantly between the experimental treatments (p > 0.05). But cortisol and lysozyme were significantly different between the experimental treatments (p < 0.05). Serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and LDH decreased in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The results of the present study showed that adding Nano-Se and Nano-Mg to the diet of L. calcarifer had a positive effect on the growth and non-specific immune system with no disturbance in serum biochemical and hepatic enzymes parameters.

Phytoremedial effect of Tinospora cordifolia against arsenic induced toxicity in Charles Foster rats.

Arsenic poisoning is one of the most serious health hazards of recent times. It has been estimated that more than 200 million people of about 105 countries in the world are affected due to arsenic poisoning. Except mitigation, there is no such mode by which the population can be prevented from being exposed to arsenic. Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia) is widely used in the folk medicine system for the treatment of various diseases. Hence, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antidote effects of ethanolic extract of T. cordifolia stem against arsenic induced hepato-renal toxicity in rat model. Twenty-four male Charles Foster rats (weighing 160-180g) were randomly divided into two groups, where six rats were used as control group. Eighteen rats were orally treated with arsenic at the dose of 8mg/kg body weight for 90days daily and then further divided into three sub groups (n = 6 each). Sub group I-arsenic treated rats, were sacrificed after treatment; sub group II rats were used as arsenic control and the sub group III rats were administrated with T. cordifolia at the dose of 400mg/kg body weight/day for 90days. After the completion of dose duration, all the control and treatment group rats were sacrificed to evaluate the various parameters. Arsenic induced rats had significantly (p < 0.0001) altered biochemical serum levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, creatinine and albumin; But, after the administration of T. cordifolia there was significant (p < 0.0001) restoration observed in these liver and kidney function parameters. The T. cordifolia administration also significantly (p < 0.0001) restored the serum MDA levels and arsenic concentration in blood, liver and kidney tissues, as well as significant (p < 0.0001) improvement in haematological variables. In histopathological study, the arsenic treated rats showed degenerative changes in the liver and kidney tissues such as lesions and vacuolizations in hepatocytes and nephrocytes respectively. However, after the administration with T. cordifolia rats, there was considerably significant restoration in liver and kidney tissues. The entire study suggests that arsenic caused severe damage to the liver and kidney at haematological, biochemical and histopathological levels in rats. However, T. cordifolia played the vital role to combat the arsenic induced toxicity in rats. Hence, T. cordifolia might be used as a nutritional supplement to combat the arsenic led toxicity among the exposed population.

Teratogenic Effect of Chlorpyrifos and Glyphosate on Pregnant Rats: Biochemical and Morphological Evaluations

The impact of pesticides on the environment and human health is a serious matter of concern. The present study focusses on the teratogenic effect of pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and glyphosate (GLY) on the pregnant rats and their offspring during gestation and lactation period. The female rats were exposed to these pesticides (CPF and GLY) throughout their pregnancy at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The biochemical markers and lipid profile of pesticides exposed pregnant rats were analyzed. The maternal and reproductive outcome was also assessed followed by rat pups morphometric analysis. A significant alteration in the blood glucose level, triglycerides, total cholesterol, SGOT, and SGPT levels were observed in pesticide exposed groups. The body weight, crown-rump length, eye length, eye width, hind limb, and forelimb size of rat neonates were significantly found to be lower in the pesticide exposed group when compared with the control animals. Morphological abnormalities like microcephaly, microtia, micromelia, dysmorphogenesis, distorted axis abdominal, and brain hemorrhages were observed in pesticide exposed rat neonates. Skeletal observations of the CPF exposed group show disruptive malformations, wavy ribs, and curved spinal cord. Intraventricular and spinal cord hemorrhages were observed in 21 days old rat pups in GLY treated group. Findings of the present study indicate that exposure to pesticides during the gestation period causes the morphological abnormalities in rat fetuses by altering the mechanisms involved in growth and development. Thus, on the basis of observed results, we concluded the teratogenic effects of CPF and GLY in rats.

Green Synthesis to Develop Iron-Nano Formulations and Its Toxicity Assays.

ObjectivesIn the past few years, herbal medicines have gained popularity over synthetic drugs because of their natural source and minimal side effects which has led to a tremendous growth of phytopharmaceuticals usage. With the development of nanotechnology, it provides alternative approaches to overcome several limitations using nano-formulations. In spite of considerable quantity of antianemic preparations with different iron forms available, currently additives are used and represented in modern pharmaceutical market. Iron deficiency anemia is a major global public health problem which particularly affects pregnant women, children and elderly persons. The situation is complicated because of disadvantages and drug side effects from existing antianemic medicines. There is a great demand for the development of new antianemic preparations. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, possess high potential in this field.MethodsOur study focuses on developing green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) of 10-50 nm with spherical shape where different dosages were used –1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg for exposure in Wistar albino female rats for 28 days. The toxicity was assessed using various parameters such as measurements of the rat body and organ mass, hematology, biochemical evaluation and histopathological examinations.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in body and organ weights. Hematological indices also indicated no significant differences whereas biochemical factors showed increase in levels of direct bilirubin and globulin of medium as well as high dose and SGPT levels were increased only in high dose. The major organs (heart, kidney and liver) showed histopathological alterations in 10 and 100 mg/kg whereas brain showed only in 100 mg/kg.ConclusionThe toxicity of IONPs was found to be more significant when the concentration was increased; however, low doses can be used for further investigation as an antianemic preparation.

SGOT and SGPT level of Wistar rat after the administration of Channa micropeltes extract

Channa micropeltes is a local peatland water species which has been utilized as an alternative of Channa striata among South Kalimantan population to anticipate the scarcity of Haruan species. Channa micropeltes originate from the same family of Channa striata in which both fishes contain albumin. Albumin is proven to accelerate wound healing, thus can be produced as capsules. The capsulate form of Channa micropeltes extract will later be deployed as an alternative herbal medicine for the acceleration of mucosal wound healing. Nevertheless, a study of a hepatological profile is pivotal to assess the safety of its consumption. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of Channa micropeltes extracts capsulate oral administration at 0.7 g dosage on SGOT and SGPT level of Wistar rat liver. This was a real experimental study with post-test only and control group design. The samples comprised of 12 rats which were distributed into three groups namely a treatment group of 0.7 g Channa extract capsulate, a positive control group of 0.7 g Channa striata extract and a negative control group without any treatment for 28 days. The level of SGOT and SGPT were 19.41 IU/L and 29.52 IU/L in Channa micropeltes treatment group, 31.95 IU/L and 28.71 IU/L in the positive control group of 0.7 g Channa striata extract, 25.07 IU/L and 18.90 IU/L in the negative control group. Hence, there is no effect of Channa micropeltes extract capsulate oral administration at 0.7 g dosage on SGOT and SGPT level of Wistar rat liver.

Antidiabetic potential of methanolic extracts of Sargassum wightii in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice

Abstract The present study was aimed to explore the bioactivity of Sargassum wightii extracts on the body weight, blood glucose level, serum total cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, VLDL-Cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum urea, serum creatinine, SGPT and SGOT levels in diabetes induced mice (induced by Streptozotocin). Diabetic mice treated with 250 mg/kg body weight of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii for 15 days showed a significant decline in their blood glucose level, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, VLDL-Cholesterol, and triglycerides and significantly increased HDL-Cholesterol. In diabetic mice, a significant elevated SGPT level was detected but later restored to normal after the intraperitoneal administration of Sargassum wightii extract. The levels of SGOT had a significant rise in diabetic control mice. Subsequently, administration of Sargassum wightii extract was done which resulted in reduced SGOT levels. After 15 days of treatment, a significant reduction in serum creatinine and urea level in treated group was observed in comparison with untreated diabetic control. Thus the present findings suggested that the methanolic extracts of S. wightii had a good antidiabetic potential in ameliorating the diabetic condition in mice.

Side Effects of Methotrexate for Psoriasis Therapy

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disease of the skin, characterized by the presence of well-defined erythematous plaque covered by silvery-white scales. Methotrexate is a folic acid antimetabolic for psoriasis therapy and given systemically so unexpected effects can occur. Purpose: To evaluate the side effects of methotrexate as therapy in psoriasis. Methods: The descriptive research based on the medical record of psoriasis patients who were treated for hospitalization on at Kemuning I and II ward Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya during the period January 2017 – December 2018. The sampling method used was total sampling. Result: Twenty two psoriasis patients receiving methotrexate therapy with the dose of methotrexate is 10-15 mg once weekly, there were 4.5% low erythrocyte level, 27.3% high leukocyte level, 13.6% high thrombocyte level, 18.2% high SGOT level, 22.8% high SGPT level, 18% nausea, 9.1% vomiting, 4.6% headache, and 4.6% shortness of breath. Conclusion: Methotrexate for psoriasis therapy may cause several side effects even not the severe ones, therefore careful dosing and side effect monitoring are necessary.

Analisis Pengaruh Obat Antituberkulosis Terhadap Nilai Sgpt dan Sgot pada Pasien Penderita Tuberkulosis Paru

Tuberculosis (TB) is a direct infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tuberculosis drugs have a hepatotoxic effect that causes extensive liver injury and harvesters. The parameter to determine the presence or absence of liver damage is to look at SGPT and SGOT levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drugs on SGPT and SGOT values based on age and sex classification. The method is carried out with a retrospective approach. The results showed that the effect of drugs on the value of SGPT with a high value of> 35 as much as 6.25%, on the value of SGOT with a high value> 35 as much as 12.5%. Whereas at the age of 56-65 years the SGPT value was 2.5% and SGOT was 3.75%, at the age of 17-25 years the SGOT value was 3.75%. sex with a high SGPT score of 5%. While the SGOT value is equal to 6.25%. Then it can be concluded that the administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs to the value of SGPT and SGOT has an effect on the value of SGPT and SGOT based on age is productive age which is 15-49 years whereas based on gender is men.

Effective Dose of Herbal Gold Nanoparticles for Protection of Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats

Overdose of acetaminophen causes hepatotoxicity due to NAPQI formation. The green synthesis of gold nanoparticles represents as a novel drug carrier in the field of drug delivery system. This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of green synthesized herbal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aqueous bark extract of Terminalia arjuna against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in an experimental rat model. In this study, group 1 served as normal control; group 2 received acetaminophen intraperitoneally at a concentration of 500 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days; and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were co-administered with acetaminophen (500 mg/kg/day) and AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day) intraperitoneally for 14 days. After 14 days, all animals were sacrificed for biochemical and histopathological studies. Among different experimental doses of AuNPs (55, 175, 550, 2000 μg/kg/day), dose 175 μg/kg/day showed more potent activity towards wellness parameters, biochemical indices, and histopathological studies. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, and MDA levels, but a significant decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH activities in the hepatotoxic group in comparison with the control group, but co-administration with AuNPs (175 μg/kg/day) restored the activities of these biochemical markers. Hence, this study confirmed that AuNPs at a dose 175 μg/kg/day has better hepatoprotective efficacy.

Effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and gut biosis in broiler

This study was conducted under the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology to determine the effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and GUT biosis in broilers. A total of 40 day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial broiler ration. Group B supplemented with formulation of 2 gm grinded Neem leaves, Group C with 2 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves and Group D with 1 gm grinded Neem leaves plus 1 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves per liter of water respectively. Observations were recorded for live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, hemato-biochemical parameters and GUT biosis specially the parasite of birds in six weeks. Body weights were increased significantly (p&lt;0.05) in all treated groups in respect to the control and highest was recorded in combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented groups (Group D). No significant (p&gt;0.05) differences were observed among the groups for PCV and TEC values. Hb content increased and ESR decreased significantly (p&lt;0.05) with combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented group (Group D). The serum SGOT and SGPT levels were also decreased with the same kind of supplementation. In treatment group there was significantly decreased of parasitic eggs, but in case of control group no decrease of parasitic eggs. There was no significant pathological change in any internal organs of the broiler of treated groups. Best result was found in the group D. The present study reveals that combine supplementation of Neem plus Nishyinda gives better result over other groups in respect to body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hemato-biochemical parameter and profitability without making any health hazard of the broilers.&#x0D; Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 168-175