Serum Malondialdehyde Levels Research Articles

Enhancing growing rabbit heat stress resilience through dietary supplementation with natural antioxidants

Animal husbandry development is influenced by various factors, with heat stress (HS) being a significant factor. The aim of this experiment was to explore the potential of natural antioxidants such as vitamin C (VITC), vitamin E (VITE), lycopene (LYC), and allicin (AL) in enhancing growth, immune function and maintaining the redox status of fattening rabbits under HS. Male weaning rabbits (n = 150, 5 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to 5 groups. The rabbits were fed a basal diet (control group) or supplemented with 40 mg of vitamin E (VE40), 5 mg of vitamin C (VC5), 150 mg of lycopene (LYC150), or 150 mg of allicin (AL150) per kg of diet, respectively, under summer Egyptian conditions. The overall temperature humidity index (THI) value was 29.76, indicating severe HS during the experimental period. The findings indicated that all dietary supplemented groups showed significant improvements in live body weight at 8 weeks (P < 0.0001) and 11 weeks (P < 0.05) of age compared to the control group. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved with all additives (P < 0.05), while feed intake and carcass traits were not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). The AL group had the highest dressing percentage compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Feeding stressed rabbits with antioxidant supplements resulted in a higher hemoglobin concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST), triglycerides, and creatinine levels were decreased with all additives as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Total protein and albumin were significantly higher in AL group than in other groups (P < 0.05). The serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) was significantly increased, while tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were decreased by all feed additives (P < 0.05). Immunoglobulins (IgA and IgM) did not differ among all experimental groups (P > 0.05). Serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione (GSH) levels were higher in all supplement groups compared to the HS group (P < 0.05). All dietary supplements significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver tissues and blood serum compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Collectively, allicin emerged as a potent shield against heat stress, bettering lycopene and vitamins E and C in safeguarding the well-being of growing rabbits.

The effects of intermittent fasting on antioxidant and inflammatory markers and liver enzymes in postmenopausal, overweight and obese women with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled trial

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting postmenopausal women. This study investigated the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on antioxidant and inflammatory markers and liver enzymes in postmenopausal, overweight and obese women with RA. This 8-week randomized controlled trial included 44 postmenopausal women with RA divided into an intervention group following a 16:8 IF diet and a control group maintaining their usual diet and received recommendations for healthy eating. Inflammatory indices, oxidative stress markers, and liver enzymes were measured at baseline and post intervention. The IF group showed significant decreases in serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P = 0.02) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.018) and increased catalase levels (P = 0.004) compared to the control group. Liver enzymes aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) also decreased significantly in the IF group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the other measured parameters between groups. In conclusion, the 16:8 IF diet demonstrated beneficial effects on some oxidative stress markers, inflammatory indices, and liver enzymes in postmenopausal, overweight, and obese women with RA. These findings suggest that IF may be an effective non-pharmacological intervention for managing RA in this population, potentially addressing both primary disease symptoms and associated metabolic complications. Further research is needed to elucidate the long-term effects and mechanisms of IF in the management of RA.

Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviate Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium-induced murine inflammatory/oxidative responses via the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and cecal microbiota

BackgroundSalmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection can cause inflammation and oxidative stress in the body, leading to gastroenteritis, fever and other diseases in humans and animals. More and more studies have emphasized the broad prospects of probiotics in improving inflammation and oxidative stress, but the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) to alleviate the inflammatory/oxidative reaction caused by pathogens are still unclear.Methods and resultsIn this study, we treated the mice with LA for 14 days, infected them with S. Typhimurium for 24 h, and sacrificed the mice to collect samples. We found that the early intervention of LA alleviated the pathological injury and reversed the down-regulation of the duodenal and hepatic tight junction protein mRNA levels caused by S. Typhimurium infection. Compared with S. Typhimurium group, LA early intervention increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, but decreased the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Additionally, LA early intervention significantly increased Nrf2 mRNA expression in the liver and decreased Keap1 mRNA expression in the duodenum compared to the S. Typhimurium group. Furthermore, early LA treatment reduced the abundance of Bacteroides acidificiens, increased the abundance of Akkermansia, and alleviated the decrease in SCFAs levels in the cecum of S. Typhimurium-infected mice. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a certain correlation between cecal flora and serum indicators and short chain fatty acids.ConclusionTaken together, the results indicate that LA early intervention may alleviates S. Typhimurium-induced inflammation and oxidative responses in mice by activating the p62-Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and regulating the gut microbial community.Significance and impact of the studyExploring the ability of LA to resist animal oxidative stress and microflora regulation caused by pathogenic microbes, so as to provide more options for developing healthy disease-resistant feed additives.

Lipocalin-2 silencing alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury through inhibition of ferroptosis.

Liver plays a key role in sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. Ferroptosis is involved in sepsis-induced liver injury. We aimed to assess the changes in ferroptosis in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, and determine the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in liver ferroptosis. CLP was used to induce sepsis in mice. The morphological changes in liver tissues and mitochondrial structure were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. The levels of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were detected using the corresponding kits. The changes of reactive oxygen species level in liver tissues were detected using dihydroethidium as a fluorescence probe. LCN2, cysteine-glutamate reverse transport system, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase protein levels in the liver were detected by western blotting. The ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), iron chelator dexrazoxane (DXZ), iron-dextran, and LCN2 knockdown studies were performed to determine role of ferroptosis and LCN2 in liver injury during sepsis. Ferroptosis levels increased in the liver tissues of CLP-induced septic mice. Both Fer-1 and DXZ suppressed ferroptosis and attenuated liver injury following sepsis challenge, whereas iron-dextran increased ferroptosis and liver injury in mice with sepsis. LCN2 knockdown suppressed ferroptosis and reduced oxidative stress in the liver. Ferroptosis inhibition attenuates septic liver injury. LCN2 knockdown alleviates sepsis-induced liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis and reducing oxidative stress.

Evaluation of the impact of Momordica Charantia on the testis of cisplatin-treated albino rats: Biochemical, histopathological, and ultrastructural study.

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug that exhibits toxicity dependent on dosage and has adverse reproductive effects. Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) is a natural vegetable plant; its active ingredients possess antioxidant, apoptotic, antiproliferative, hypoglycemic, and other therapeutic properties. This study evaluates the effect of the administration of bitter melon extract, cisplatin, and cisplatin/bitter melon cotreatment on liver and kidney functions, serum and testicular oxidative status, testis histology, and sperm parameters. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (Control) received normal saline, Group II received oral bitter melon extract (300 mg/kg), Group III received cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg), and Group IV received the same doses of cisplatin and bitter melon, for six successive weeks, daily. Our results showed that bitter melon extract stimulates antioxidant enzymes and has anti-lipid peroxidation properties through the significantly increased plasma levels of glutathione and significantly decreased testicular malondialdehyde. The cisplatin-treated group showed oxidative stress indicated by the significant decrease of catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase levels and a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels in both serum and testis compared with the control group. In the cisplatin/bitter melon-cotreated group, there was a significant increase in superoxide dismutase and a significant decrease in malondialdehyde in both serum and testis compared with cisplatin-treated rats. The bitter melon alone or with cisplatin cotreatment resulted in reduced gonadosomatic index, sperm count, motility, and viability. These results were confirmed by histopathological examinations, apoptosis assay using flow cytometry, and immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, the administration of bitter melon extract alone or in combination with cisplatin led to testicular structure disturbances and showed an anti-spermatogenic effect. These findings are likely due to a combination of inhibited cellular proliferation, increased cell death, minor decrease in testosterone levels, and localized oxidative stress that outweigh the antioxidant benefits of bitter melon extract.

The Relationship Between Oxidative Stress and Infertility Due to Antihypertensive Drugs in Rattus Norvegicus.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of antihypertensive drugs on reproductive function in Rattus norvegicus and demonstrate the potential role of oxidative stress in reproductive dysfunction. Rattus norvegicus were selected as the experimental animals and divided into the following groups: healthy (control group), clonidine (CL), rilmenidine (RLD), methyldopa (MTL), amlodipine (ALD), and ramipril (RML). Each individual in each group was marked from one to six. Doses of clonidine (0.075 mg/kg), rilmenidine (0.5 mg/kg), methyldopa (100 mg/kg), amlodipine (2 mg/kg), and ramipril (2 mg/kg) were administered orally via gavage to each Rattus norvegicus. Using blood obtained from Rattus norvegicus, the absorbance of the pink-colored complex formed by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured spectrophotometrically at the 532 nm wavelength. Blood samples were collected from the tail veins to analyze serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione levels in the serum of all Rattus norvegicus. After sampling, two mature male Rattus norvegicus were introduced to every group of six female Rattus norvegicus and accommodated in a controlled laboratory environment for two months. Any female Rattus norvegicus that became pregnant during this time was transferred to a solitary cage within a controlled setting. Rattus norvegicus that did not become pregnant and did not give birth during this period were considered infertile. The results were compared among the groups. Total glutathione (tGSH) levels were determined using a spectrophotometer. According to our study, the increase in MDA levels observed was not statistically significant in the CL and RLD groups compared to that in the control group. MDA levels were significantly increased in the methyldopa, amlodipine, and RML groups. While total glutathione levels in the CL group were similar to those in the control group, the RLD, MTL, ALD, and RML groups showed a statistically significant decrease. While the animals in the CL and RLD groups were not infertile, infertility was apparent in the groups treated with MTL, ALD, and RML. Thus, it was determined that the antihypertensive drugs MTL, ALD, and RML had different effects on fertility, and that the use of such drugs could cause infertility by increasing oxidative stress and decreasing antioxidant levels.

Andrological Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Stevia rebaudiana in Male Wistar Rats

This study aimed to investigate the effects of an aqueous leaf extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on male Wistar rats administered alloxan. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats, comprising six normoglycemic (NC) and twenty-four (24) alloxan-induced diabetic (D) specimens. The diabetic rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): DC, diabetic rats receiving distilled water; DGL, diabetic rats receiving glibenclamide; DSR100, diabetic rats receiving 100 mg/kg bw S. rebaudiana; and DSR200, diabetic rats receiving 200 mg/kg bw S. rebaudiana. Treatment was administered daily via gavage for a duration of 15 days. At the conclusion of the treatment session, the animals were subjected to overnight fasting prior to being euthanized via cervical dislocation, following which blood was collected for serum extraction. Body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated. Furthermore, sperm parameters, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels were assessed. The data indicated a significant (P = .05) reduction in body weight in the DC group compared to the NC group. Significant (P = .05) enhancement in body weight was observed in DSR100 and DSR200 relative to DC. Significant (P = .05) elevations in serum FBG and MDA, accompanied by equivalent reductions in TAC, were noted in DC relative to NC. The total abnormal sperm count and percentage of sperm abnormalities were significantly (P = .05) elevated in DC compared to NC. Nonetheless, FBG, MAD, total abnormal sperm count, and percentage of sperm abnormalities exhibited significant (P = .05) reduction in the DSR100 and DSR200 groups compared to the DC group. The findings of this investigation substantiate the assertion that S. rebaudiana exhibits andrological action in rats.

Biochemical perturbations associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens:Is oxidative stress implicated?

The aim of this study was to investigate some biochemical and tissue changes associated with Salmonella gallinarum infection in laying hens (LHs), and the complicities of oxidative stress (OS). Fifty LHs were assigned to two groups of 25 LHs infected with S. gallinarum (109 cfu*mL-1 of S. gallinarum) and 25 uninfected controls. Biochemical assays and histopathology were carried out following standard procedures. There was a significant loss of body weight, drop in egg production, as well as 28% mortality in the infected group. Serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as serum total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher, whereas serum albumin levels were significantly lower in infected LHs. There were inflammatory, degenerative and necrotic changes observed in the affected organs. Considering the significant elevation in MDA levels coupled with elevated SOD activity in the infected LHs, OS may play a significant role in the pathology of fowl typhoid and may suggest a possible treatment of infected layers with antioxidants.

Effect of Saffron (Crocus sativus) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Indices, and Renal and Liver Function Parameters in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Clinical investigation has shown that the addition of saffron or crocin to standard antidiabetic medications improves a patient's metabolic profile, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammatory response. Despite a large number of studies examining the impact of saffron supplementation on OS, inflammation, and renal and liver function parameters, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been conducted to compile the outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to investigate the effect of saffron or crocin intake on OS, inflammation, and renal and liver function parameters in patients with T2DM. Online databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched up to December 2023. The mean differences and their respective SDs were extracted. Using a random-effects model, the pooled data were calculated as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI. 17 eligible randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled findings showed that saffron supplementation remarkably decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (SMD: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.05; I2 = 40.77%, P = .15), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.10; I2 = 0%, P = .68), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.07; I2= 20.51%, P = .02) compared with the control. In addition, based on subgroup analyses, taking ≥100 mg of saffron daily in individuals with T2DM reduced the serum levels of IL-6 (SMD: -0.50; 95% CI: -0.90 to -0.10; I2 = 0%, P = .50) and MDA (SMD: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.68 to -0.03; I2 = 0, P = .97). Furthermore, the level of alanine transaminase was decreased (SMD: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.73 to -0.12; I2 = 0, P = .66) with a treatment period of <60 days of saffron or crocin supplementation. Larger studies with more follow-up and higher doses of both saffron and crocin are needed in order to understand the efficacy and safety of these herbs for long-term use as routine therapies. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023458119.

Serum malondialdehyde levels at admission as a predictor of inhospital mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Introduction and objective Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a predictive marker of cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina pectoris. However, there is limited information available regarding this marker in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of the study was to explore the association of MDA levels with inhospital mortality among patients with ACS. Materials and Methods The study sample consisted of 556 ACS patients. The leftover plasma samples collected in EDTA vials for troponin T estimation within 24 h of chest pain were used for analysis. Blood samples were collected into tubes for MDA, nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (e-NOS), total sialic acid (TSA), NT-proBNP, ANP, homocysteine, and cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The blood samples were centrifuged (4000g, 4 °C) for 10 min, and the obtained serum then kept at −25 °C until the analyses were carried out. The relationship between these markers and inhospital mortality of ACS patients was investigated. Results Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant correlations among sex, age, creatine, MDA, NT-proBNP, ANP, homocysteine, cTnI, NO, e-NOS, i-NOS, and TSA. Further analysis of these variables using the multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, creatine, MDA, and NT-proBNP were independent predictors. Optimal MDA cutoff value of &gt;33.1 predicted inhospital mortality with 85% sensitivity and 88.17% specificity [AUC: 0.905 (95% CI: 0.878–0.928, P &lt; 0.001)]. Conclusion We demonstrated that MDA levels were elevated in cases of inhospital mortality among ACS patients and the optimal MDA cutoff value of &gt;33.1 predicted inhospital mortality with 85% sensitivity and 88.17% specificity.

Therapeutic Potential of Aloe vera and Aloe vera-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles on Mice Exposed to Hexavalent Chromium.

Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a hazardous heavy metal that induces hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Thus, this study was planned to explore the ameliorating capacity of Aloe vera leaf gel extract (AV) and their conjugated silver nanoparticles (AVNP) against Cr (VI) induced hepatotoxicity and renal toxicity. The organ indices, level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde, total protein, and creatinine in blood serum were measured. The histopathological and micrometric analysis of the hepatic and renal tissue sections were studied. The hepatosomatic index was raised significantly (0.098 ± 0.13g) in Cr treated group. The blood serum level of AST (484 ± 10.7 U/L), ALT (163 ± 5.5 U/L), ALP (336.7 ± 9.5 U/L), MDA (642.3 ± 28.3 U/L), and creatinine (4.0 ± 0.1mg/dL) were increased significantly, whereas total protein level was declined (2.8 ± 0.3g/dL) significantly in Cr exposed group. In the histopathological study, necrosis, disturbed hepatic cords, impaired glomeruli, and Bowman's capsule were noted. Micrometric data from the liver and kidney revealed a significant surge in the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei (1188.2 ± 467.7µ2 and 456.5 ± 205.6µ2) and CSA of glomeruli and Bowman's capsule (9051.8 ± 249.8µ2 and 11,835.5 ± 336.7µ2) in Cr (VI) exposed group, whereas the brush border (10.2 ± 4.0µ) size declined significantly. The administration of AV and AVNP reduced the oxidative stress induced by Cr (VI).

Protective effect of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 inhibitor C25-140 on acute kidney injury induced by diquat poisoning in mice

To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) inhibitor C25-140 on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by acute diquat (DQ) poisoning in mice. A total of 80 SPF grade healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, DQ model group, C25-140 intervention group, and C25-140 control group, with 20 mice in each group. The DQ poisoning mouse model was established by using one-time intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of 40 mg/kg DQ solution. The normal control group and C25-140 control group were injected with an equal amount of pure water into the peritoneal cavity. After 4 hours of model establishment, the C25-140 intervention group and C25-140 control group were given intraperitoneal injection of C25-140 5 mg/kg. The normal control group and DQ model group were given equal amounts of pure water, once a day for 7 consecutive days. After 7 days, the mice were anesthetized, eye blood was collected, and renal tissue was collected after sacrifice. The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed under a light microscope and renal tissue structure and mitochondrial changes were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The levels of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of TRAF6, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in renal tissue. Chemical method was used to determine the content of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). During the observation period, there were no abnormal behaviors in the normal control group mice. The DQ model group mice gradually showed symptoms such as mental fatigue, fluffy fur, reduced activity, and low food intake after being exposed to the toxin, and severe cases resulted in death. The above symptoms were alleviated in the C25-140 intervention group compared to the DQ model group. Under light microscopy, HE staining showed infiltration of inflammatory cells, glomerulosclerosis, proximal tubular dilation, and vacuolization in the DQ model group, while the inflammatory response was reduced in the C25-140 intervention group compared to the DQ model group. Under transmission electron microscopy, the DQ model group showed relatively high levels of mitochondrial damage, severe swelling, increased volume, matrix dissolution, ridge fracture and loss. The degree of mitochondrial damage in the C25-140 intervention group was reduced compared to the DQ model group. Compared with the normal control group, the levels of serum SCr, BUN, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA in the DQ model group were significantly increased, while the serum SOD level was significantly decreased. Compared with the DQ model group, the levels of serum SCr, BUN, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA in the C25-140 intervention group were significantly reduced [SCr (μmol/L): 59.07±13.11 vs. 83.61±20.13, BUN (mmol/L): 25.83±9.95 vs. 40.78±11.53, IL-6 (ng/L): 40.76±7.03 vs. 83.33±21.83, IL-1β (ng/L): 53.87±7.82 vs. 91.74±12.53, TNF-α (ng/L): 102.52±32.13 vs. 150.92±31.75, MDA (μmol/L): 3.57±1.06 vs. 5.75±1.83], and the serum SOD level was significantly increased (kU/g: 162.52±36.13 vs. 122.72±22.13), and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Western blotting results showed that the protein expression levels of TRAF6, NF-κB, and MyD88 in the renal tissue of DQ model group mice were significantly higher than those in the normal control group. The expression levels of the above-mentioned proteins in the C25-140 intervention group of mice were significantly lower than those in the DQ model group (TRAF6/β-actin: 1.05±0.36 vs. 1.74±0.80, NF-κB/β-actin: 0.57±0.07 vs. 1.03±0.75, MyD88/β-actin: 0.58±0.07 vs. 1.03±0.33, all P < 0.05). TRAF6 inhibitor C25-140 can alleviate AKI induced by DQ poisoning in mice by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulating the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α.

Biochemical study of the risk of diabetes, prediabetic and insulin resistance in car painters and its association with mercury exposure: a retrospective case-control study.

There is controversy about the effect of mercury (Hg) exposure on developing diabetes and insulin resistance. This study aimed to assess the risk of diabetes and insulin resistance in car painters using biochemical markers and serum Hg levels. A retrospective case-control study involving 210 male participants aged between 25 and 50years. The participants were divided into two groups: Car painters for at least one year and healthy people who had not worked as car painters and had no health concerns or chronic diseases. The serum levels of Hg, MDA (malondialdehyde), interleukin (IL)-1β, visfatin, fasting insulin, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were evaluated. Serum Hg levels were significantly higher in car painters compared to the control group (19.00±7.20 vs. 8.339±3.916μg/L, P-value<0.001). Serum levels of visfatin, MDA, insulin, FBG, and IL-1β were significantly higher in the car painter compared to the control (P-value<0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of people with diabetes in car painters compared to control (8.6% vs. 0%) and higher prediabetic (30.5% vs. 13.3%, P-value<0.001). In car painter workers, levels of Hg were significantly higher in DM compared to prediabetic and normoglycemic car painter workers (27.01±1.59, 23.98±4.31, and 15.39±6.41μg/mL, respectively, P-value<0.001); additionally, levels of Hg were significantly higher car painter with insulin resistance compared to non-insulin resistance workers (21.18±7.29 vs. 16.79±16.7μg/mL, P-value<0.001). Increased serum Hg in car painters increases the risk of insulin resistance and diabetes/prediabetes status.

Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei LK01 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, Intestinal Health, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broilers.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding L. paracasei LK01 to the diet on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, intestinal health, and serum biochemical indicators of broilers. This study selected 1080 one-day-old broiler chickens with similar body weight, and randomly divided them into six groups, with six replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (CON), (2) the basal diet with 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T1), (3) the basal diet with 107 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T2), (4) the basal diet with 108 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T3), (5) the basal diet with 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T4), and (6) the basal diet with 1010 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01(T5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, compared with the CON group, the diet supplemented with L. paracasei significantly increased body weight from 1 to 21 days (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 group significantly reduced the activity of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and triglyceride levels; the 107 CFU/kg,108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg L. paracasei LK01 groups also reduced serum uric acid and total cholesterol levels (p < 0.05). The experimental groups all had lower serum levels of malondialdehyde and interleukin-1β (p < 0.01). Except for the 106 CFU/kg group, all experimental groups had significantly lower tumor necrosis factor-α, and the 106 and 107 CFU/kg groups had higher immunoglobulin M levels (p < 0.05). In addition, the 106 CFU/kg group significantly reduced the depth of the ileocecal crypts and increased the villus-to-crypt ratio (V/C) of the jejunum and ileum. In addition, dietary supplementation with L. paracasei LK01 did not change the α diversity of the microbial community in the cecum, but significantly increased the proportion of Bacteroides (phylum) (p < 0.05). The 106 CFU/kg group also significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Ruminococcaceae (genus), Lachnospiraceae (genus), and Faecalibacterium (genus) (p < 0.05). In summary, this study revealed that adding 106 CFU/kg of L. paracasei LKO1 to broiler diets can improve their production performance, serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant, and immune capabilities, as well as cecal flora.

Effects of kelp meal (Laminaria japonica) on the growth, nutrition, and intestinal health of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Macroalgae are both highly productive and rich in bioactive molecules that have been shown to enhance growth and health of fish. Feed with high starch levels affects the health of fish. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing partial starch with kelp (Laminaria japonica) meal (KM) on the growth performance, nutrient composition, and intestinal microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, LMB). LMB (initial weight 13.00 ± 0.02 g) were fed three diets containing 0 % (K0), 5 % (K5), and 9 % (K9) kelp meal for 8 weeks. The results showed that with the addition of KM, growth performance and feed intake increased significantly, while hepatosomatic index decreased significantly. The whole body and muscle crude protein contents were significantly increased with the addition of KM. Liver catalase activity was significantly increased in K9, while serum malondialdehyde levels declined accordingly. Serum triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in K5 than in K0, suggesting that the addition of KM contributed to healthy liver function. The addition of KM to the diet significantly improved intestinal histology and amylase activity. In addition, the Chao index of the intestinal microbiome in the K5 group was significantly higher than in the K0 group. The relevant abundance of beneficial bacteria (Cetobacterium) tended to increase and that of pathogenic bacteria (Plesiomonas) tended to decrease with the addition of KM. In conclusion, partial replacement of starch with kelp meal increased growth performance, feed intake, muscle protein content, the antioxidant capacity and improved intestinal structure, as well as healthy intestinal microbiome. Kelp meal may be a beneficial substitute for starch for healthy aquaculture of M. salmoides.

The Effect of Bidens pilosa Extract on Vancomycin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Prepubertal Rats

The long-term use of Vancomycin and its administration at inappropriate doses still cause uncontrolled physiological side effects, particularly in terms of kidney development and metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bidens pilosa extract (BPE) on vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in prepubertal rats. This study employed an experimental research method, randomly dividing 40 female Wistar rats into five equal groups: control/adult (C), prepubertal (P), prepubertal + Bidens pilosa (PB), prepubertal + vancomycin (PV), and prepubertal + vancomycin + Bidens pilosa (PVB). Gentamicin caused kidney damage in both PG and PVB groups. We treated PB and PVB with a single dose of BPE. At necropsy, we collected blood, serum, and kidney tissue for evaluation. The research results showed that the total leukocyte count was higher in PB compared to the others (P = 0.002). Serum urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and total protein levels significantly increased in PB, PV, and PVB compared to C and P. Glutathione levels were low in the serum and kidney tissue of PV, and malondialdehyde levels were high compared to the others (P0.05). Using BPE in vancomycin-induced acute kidney injury in ovariectomized rats resulted in a decrease in serum creatinine, urea, and malondialdehyde levels in PVB compared to PV, an increase in glutathione levels, and a milder severity of histopathological findings. The conclusion of this study shows that a single dose of BPE partially reduces kidney damage in rats with gentamicin-induced acute kidney injury

Effect of periodontal therapy on serum and salivary Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde levels in chronic periodontitis.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is distinguished by an inflammatory reaction and the presence of oxidative stress (OS), which has consequences for overall health. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) serve as markers of inflammation and OS, respectively. Analyzing the alterations in their reaction to periodontal therapy can provide valuable insights into the management and monitoring of CP progression. The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST) on IL-1β and MDA levels in the serum and saliva of CP patients and explore their correlation with clinical periodontal indices post-therapy. There were 60 participants in this research, aged 33 to 50, equally split between thirty periodontally healthy controls and 30 patients with CP. Measures were taken of the clinical periodontal parameters, including the bleeding index, probing pocket depth, gingival index, and plaque index. Saliva and blood samples were collected for IL-1β and MDA analysis using ELISA and spectrophotometrically. CP patients received scaling and root planning (SRP) as part of phase I periodontal therapy, and after six weeks, we reevaluated clinical parameters and IL-1β and MDA levels. In CP patients, both saliva and serum IL-1β and MDA levels significantly increased alongside worsening clinical periodontal parameters compared with periodontally healthy individuals. phase I periodontal therapy led to a notable decrease in both saliva and serum IL-1β and MDA levels, accompanied by improvements in clinical parameters. Additionally, following six weeks of scale and root planning treatment, our data showed a strong positive relationship between salivary IL-1β and MDA levels with PPD and CAL. SRP therapy is effective in managing periodontal health, as evidenced by a significant decrease in clinical parameters and biomarker levels after treatment for CP patients. This suggests that salivary IL-1β and MDA may be useful biomarkers for indicating the severity of periodontal disease and the effectiveness of treatment.

Efficacy of Lactobacillus acidophilus and yeast cell wall-derived supplements on immunity responses, growth performance, and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio juveniles.

This study investigated the effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (PTCC 1643) (LA) and a commercial yeast cell wall prebiotic (Immunogen®) (IM) on immunoantioxidant, growth, and digestive status, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Cyprinus carpio juveniles. The fish were fed in five treatments including control (T1), LA1.5 (T2): 1.5 (× 10^8 CFU/g of LA)/kg diet, LA3 (T3): 3 (× 10^8 CFU/g of LA)/kg diet, IM1 (T4): 1g of IM/kg diet, and IM2 (T5): 2g of IM/ kg diet. After 60 days, the function of growth and intestinal protease and amylase showed a significant increase in IM treatments. Serum levels of total protein and superoxide dismutase in LA3 treatment, as well as albumin, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in LA3 and IM2 treatments were significantly increased. Serum level of malondialdehyde in LA and IM treatments, as well as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in LA treatments, alanine aminotransferase in LA and IM2 treatments, and lactate dehydrogenase in LA3 treatment was significantly decreased. Serum levels of all the immune parameters in LA3 treatment, as well as alternative complement pathway hemolytic and nitroblue tetrazolium in IM2 treatment were significantly improved. Mucosal level of protease in LA3 and IM2 treatments, total immunoglobulin, and lysozyme in LA and IM2 treatments, as well as ALP and peroxidase in LA3 treatment was significantly increased. Cumulative mortality rate in LA and IM treatments was significantly decreased compared to control after the 14-day challenge with A. hydrophila. It is recommended to include IM2 in the diet of C. carpio juveniles with regard to its beneficial effects on growth and immunity status.

Synergistic Effect and Mechanism of Combined Astaxanthin and Curcumin Administration on Ovarian Function in PCOS Mice.

To investigate the synergistic effect of astaxanthin and curcumin on ovarian function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) mice and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, fifty 4-week-old female mice were randomly divided into five groups: (i) normal control group; (ii) PCOS model group; (iii) PCOS + astaxanthin group; (iv) PCOS + curcumin group; and (v) PCOS + astaxanthin-curcumin. Throughout the study, various parameters were meticulously evaluated, including serum levels of key reproductive hormones (testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)), as well as monitoring alterations in the estrous cycle, follicle development, and ovulation rates. Additionally, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were measured. Findings revealed that PCOS mice exhibited disordered estrous cycle, polycystic ovarian morphologies, abnormal serum reproductive hormones and lipid metabolism, heightened oxidative stress, and augmented inflammatory responses. Notably, upon administration of the combined astaxanthin and curcumin, PCOS mice exhibited significant improvements in their estrous cyclicity and ovarian histology. The treatment led to a significant reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC) levels and normalization of T, E2, FSH, LH, and AMH levels. Moreover, there was a marked decrease in the levels of serum reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating attenuation of oxidative stress. Concurrently, the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) significantly increased, while proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the ovarian tissue were notably decreased. The combined treatment also resulted in a substantial increase in the number of ova and a significant decline in the rate of abnormal ova, with these therapeutic effects proving more effective compared to either astaxanthin or curcumin alone. In conclusion, the co-administration of astaxanthin and curcumin demonstrated a remarkable effect in improving abnormal lipid metabolism and restoring reproductive endocrine functions in PCOS mice. Furthermore, it effectively mitigated systemic and local oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory injury, thereby promoting follicular growth and enhancing ovulatory function in the context of PCOS.

Study the role of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol in experimentally induced steatohepatitis

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease which can lead to cirrhosis and hepatic failure. It is observed in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM, T2DM). Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor that is widely used in clinical practice, has been demonstrated to reduce hepatic oxidative stress and attenuate acute liver injury which may be through activation of antioxidant pathways. This work aimed at investigating the role of Allopurinol (ALP) in attenuation of type 1 diabetes associated with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and exploring the possible molecular mechanism by which ALP attenuates NASH in type 1 diabetes. Forty-five adult male albino rats were included in the study. They were randomly allocated to 3 equal groups: group I (control), Group II (diabetic animals), Group III (diabetic animals with allopurinol treatment). At the end of this experimental study measurements of serum glucose, ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglyceride, serum levels of uric acid, malondialdehyde (MDA), serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) were done. Histological analysis of liver tissue to diagnose steatohepatitis and gene expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2- related factor-2 (Nrf2) &amp; TNFα were done. Diabetic rates treated with allopurinol (group III) showed decrease in serum levels of ALT, AST, cholesterol, uric acid and MDA compared to diabetic rat group. As regards TNF, gene expression was significantly decreased in group III compared to group II. This study also demonstrated that Nrf2α was significantly increased in group III compared to group II. Allopurinol also, ameliorated the histopathological changes observed in group II. In conclusion, allopurinol treatment increases the Nrf2 gene expression in the liver of STZ-induced diabetic rats and ameliorates steatohepatitis through modulation of TNF-α gene expression. Allopurinol could be a candidate for prevention or treatment of NAFLD.