Serum Interleukin-10 Levels Research Articles

Increased expression of serum IL-18 and IL-18R in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder in which genetic, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and environmental factors come together to produce insulin resistance in target tissues, leading to hyperglycemia. Evidence reveals that inflammation may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a crucial role in the acute and chronic inflammatory process. The association of IL-18 levels with IL-18R expression in T2DM has not been investigated so far. The aim of this study was to compare the peripheral changes in serum IL-18 levels and its receptor (IL18R) expression in newly diagnosed T2DM and healthy controls. A total of 35 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic cases and 35 non-diabetic controls were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. Venous whole blood was taken under aseptic conditions. Biochemical parameters were estimated in an auto-analyzer. Serum IL-18 levels were calculated using ELISA, whereas IL-18R expression was determined via RT-PCR. GAPDH was used as an internal control. When compared to non-diabetic controls, the serum IL-18 levels were significantly higher in T2DM patients (P=0.010) along with a significant upregulation of IL18R (P=0.0018). Serum IL-18 levels in T2DM and non-diabetic controls were 669.5 (445) and 498.3 (404.9) pg/mL respectively, and IL-18R showed a fold change of 10.33. Both serum IL-18 and its receptor IL-18R is significantly higher in newly diagnosed T2DM patients.

Rheumatoid arthritis and the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory joint disease. Various proinflammatory cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of this chronic disorder. It is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor and antibodies against citrullinated peptides. The present study focuses on investigation of possible association between the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 17 and anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and anti-CarP antibodies seropositivity in RA patients. To assess serum levels of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls (HC) and to investigate the relationship between IL-17 and anti-cyclic citrullinated protein (anti-CCP) antibodies, antimutated citrullinated vimentin (anti-MCV) antibodies, and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies in patients with RA. Forty-seven patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. Serum IL-17 levels were examined in all participants. Anti-CCP, anti-MCV, and anti-CarP antibodies were tested in the group of RA patients. The mean serum level of IL-17 in RA patients was higher (12.8pg/ml) than that in healthy controls (7.9pg/ml), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.276). No significant correlation was observed between anti-CCP (+/-) and IL-17 (rs=0.162, p=0.380), and between anti-MCV (+/-) and IL-17 (rs=0.157, p=0.340). A significant positive correlation of moderate value was reported between anti-CarP (+/-) and IL-17 (rs=0.388, p=0.015). The present study demonstrated that the IL-17 serum levels in RA patients were increased compared to healthy controls. No correlation was found between ACPA immunological markers and IL-17 levels in patients with RA. A positive correlation was found between anti-CarP antibodies and IL-17 in the patients' group. The increased level of IL-17 is suggestive of its possible role in the pathogenesis of CarP positive RA patients.

Effects of Regulatory T Cell Depletion in BALB/c Mice Infected with Low Doses of Borrelia burgdorferi.

We previously demonstrated that a depletion of regulatory T (Treg) cells in Lyme arthritis-resistant C57BL/6 mice leads to pathological changes in the tibiotarsal joints following infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Here, we assessed the effects of Treg cells on the response to B. burgdorferi infection in BALB/c mice, which exhibit infection-dose-dependent disease and a different sequence of immune events than C57BL/6 mice. The depletion of Treg cells prior to infection with 1 × 102, but not 5 × 103, organisms led to increased swelling of the tibiotarsal joints. However, Treg cell depletion did not significantly affect the development of histopathology at these low doses of infection. BALB/c mice depleted of Treg cells before infection with 1 × 103 spirochetes harbored a higher borrelial load in the hearts and exhibited higher levels of serum interleukin-10 five weeks later. These results indicate that Treg cells regulate certain aspects of the response to B. burgdorferi in a mouse strain that may display a range of disease severities. As the presentation of Lyme disease may vary among humans, it is necessary to consider multiple animal models to obtain a complete picture of the various means by which Treg cells affect the host response to B. burgdorferi.

Determining the value of early measurement of interleukin-10 in predicting the absence of brain lesions in CT scans of patients with mild traumatic brain injury

Blood-based biomarkers were recently proposed as predictors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. This would be a critical step forward since the majority of TBI events are mild and structural brain damage in this group may be missed by current brain imaging methods. We sought to determine the performance of early measurement of interleukin-10 (IL-10) to distinguish computed tomography (CT)-positive from negative patients with mild TBI. We designed a single-center prospective observational study, which enrolled consecutive patients classed with mild TBI according to Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores and appearance of at least one clinical symptom. Serum IL-10 levels were measured <3 h post hospital admission. The performance of IL-10 levels in correctly classifying patients was evaluated. IL-10 levels were significantly higher in the group with positive CT scans (p < 0.001). With sensitivity set at 100%, the specificity of IL-10 was only 38.1%. However, the specificities of IL-10 for prediction of negative and positive cases increased to 59% and 49%, respectively, when both parameters were assessed within 90 min of admission. For mild TBI patients between 36 and 66 years, classification performance increased significantly at the 100% sensitivity level with a specificity of 93%. Our results suggest that IL-10 may be an easily accessible clinically useful diagnostic biomarker that can distinguish between mild TBI patients with and without structural brain damage with higher effectiveness when lower times of blood sampling are employed and patients are between 36 and 66 years of age.

Negative correlation between interleukin-2 (IL-2) serum with bacterial index in leprosy

Background: Leprosy is strongly influenced by the host immunity response. One of the cytokines that play a role in cellular immunity is IL-2. IL-2 will stimulate macrophages to activate phagocytosis and form granulomas, and this occurs in the leprosy tuberculoid type. Aim of this study was to verify the IL-2 serum levels are negatively correlated or not with bacterial index in leprosy.&#x0D; Methods: This study was a cross-sectional observational analytic study involving 50 leprosy subjects (41 MB and 9 PB types). Study was conducted at Dermatolovenerology Polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital from December 2019 to March 2020. Ridley’s scale was used to determine bacterial index (BI). IL-2 serum levels were measured by ELISA.&#x0D; Result: The mean of IL-2 serum in PB was 75.53±10.32 pg/mL and in MB was 37.59±17.13 pg/mL. Strong negative correlation (r= -0.67; p&lt;0.001) between serum IL-2 levels with bacterial index (CI 95%= 25.96–49.93; p&lt;0.001) was found. Every 1 pg/mL increase in IL-2 serum levels will be accompanied by a decrease in the bacterial index of 0.039 and vice versa. Determinant coefficient shows that 42.2% of the BI is affected by the IL-2 serum levels. Low IL-2 serum levels were the risk factor of high BI 2.8 times (PR= 2.8; CI 95%= 1.444–5.519; p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: IL-2 serum levels were found to be higher in PB than MB. There was a negative correlation between IL-2 serum levels with bacterial index. Low IL-2 serum levels were the risk factor of a high bacterial index in leprosy patients.

The San-Qi-Xue-Shang-Ning formula protects against ulcerative colitis by restoring the homeostasis of gut immunity and microbiota

Ethnopharmacological relevanceUlcerative colitis (UC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to repetitive remissions and relapses, and many severe complications, including colitis-associated cancer (CAC). The San-Qi-Xue-Shang-Ning (SQ) formula has been utilized in clinical practice to treat gut diseases, but its pharmacological evidence is limited and awaits elucidation. Aim of the studyHere, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms of the SQ formula. Materials and methodsIts therapeutic value in combating UC and CAC was predicted from network pharmacology and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Experimental colitis models were established by feeding dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to C57BL/6N mice for 7 days, and they were subjected to the SQ formula for 14 days. High-throughput technologies and biochemical investigations were executed to corroborate the anti-colitis effect. ResultsNetwork pharmacology and WGCNA demonstrated that the targets of the SQ formula were associated with interleukin-17 (IL-17), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1b and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathways, and correlated with the survival in patients with colorectal cancer. In mice with colitis, the SQ treatment hindered colitis progression in a dose-dependent manner, as evidenced by the rescued colon length and weight loss, improved colonic epithelial integrity, and abolished crypt loss. In addition to the suppressed serum IL-17, TNFα, and IL-1b levels, the SQ-treated colitis mice exhibited decreased colonic protein abundance of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1 α), PPARα, and Caspase3 (Casp3) with an increased PPARγ expression. Concurrently, the high dose of SQ promoted the alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages by increasing Arg1 and inhibiting iNOS2, thereby facilitating the migration of NCM460 cells and controlling TNF-induced reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in intestinal organoids. In colitis-accompanied dysbiosis, the SQ formula reversed the decreased microbiota diversity indexes and restored the microbiome profile in the murine colitis models. ConclusionThe SQ formula is a potent anti-colitis drug that facilitates inflammation resolution and restores gut microbiota homeostasis.

High levels of baseline serum IL-10 are associated with reduced clinical benefit from first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) became a standard treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, clinically valid biomarkers of therapeutic outcome are lacking. We investigated the role of interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a predictive biomarker for first-line ICI therapy in patients with advanced RCC. Baseline serum samples were prospectively collected and analyzed using a cytometric bead assay. Patients were divided into two groups according to their serum IL-10 levels using maximally selected rank statistics. A fraction (13.0%) of patients had high levels of serum IL-10 at baseline. High serum IL-10 levels (> 4.3 ng/mL) were associated with a significantly shorter progression-free (median: 5.2 months vs. not reached, P = 0.007) and overall survival (median: 13.9 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis confirmed the independent association between high serum IL-10 levels and poor survival outcomes. Effector cytokine production and the proliferative response of CD8+ T cells were significantly lower in patients with high serum IL-10 levels, who also had a shorter duration of response to first-line ICI therapy (4.6 months vs. not reached, P < 0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum IL-10 levels at baseline were associated with reduced clinical benefit from first-line ICI therapy in patients with advanced RCC.

Immune-enhancing effect of hydrolyzed and fermented Platycodon grandiflorum extract in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed BALB/c mice.

The immunomodulatory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been reported, but studies on its mechanism are still lacking. This study was undertaken to confirm whether the hydrolyzed and fermented PG extract (HFPGE) obtained by adding hydrolysis and fermentation to the extraction process has an immune-enhancing effect in the in vivo system. Five-week-old BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NOR), control group (CON), 150 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day HFPGE-treated group (T150), and 300 mg/kg BW/day HFPGE-treated group (T300). The mice were administered HFPGE for 4 weeks and intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (CPA, 80 mg/kg BW/day) on day 6, 7, and 8, respectively, to induce immunosuppression. The levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) and cytokines were measured in the serum. In splenocytes, proliferation and cytokine levels were measured. Serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels were observed to decrease after CPA treatment, which was recovered by HFPGE administration. The levels of serum interleukin (IL)-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-8, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were also decreased after exposure to CPA but increased after HFPGE administration. Decreased splenocyte proliferation was seen in CPA-treated mice, but was observed to increase in the T150 and T300 groups as compared to the NOR group. Compared to the CON group, splenocyte proliferation stimulated with concanavalin A (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the HFPGE-treated groups was significantly increased. The cytokines secreted by ConA-stimulated splenocytes (IL-2, IL-12, interferon-γ, TNF-α) were increased in the T150 and T300 groups, and cytokines secreted by LPS-stimulated splenocytes (IL-4, IL-8, TGF-β) were also increased by HFPGE administration. These results suggest that HFPGE stimulates the immunity in immunosuppressed conditions, thereby enhancing the immune response. Therefore, it is expected that HFPGE has the potential to be used as functional food and medicine for immune recovery in various immunocompromised situations.

Association between Elderly Sarcopenia and Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-17: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aging slows down the mechanisms behind skeletal muscle weakening and mobility. Increases in inflammation brought on by aging may contribute to some characteristics of sarcopenia. As a result of population aging worldwide, sarcopenia, an age-related disease, has become a huge burden on both individuals and society as a whole. The study of the morbidity mechanism and available sarcopenia treatments has received more attention. The inflammatory response may be one of the most important methods behind the pathophysiology of sarcopenia in the aged, according to the background of the study. This anti-inflammatory cytokine inhibits the ability of human monocytes and macrophages to induce inflammation as well as the production of cytokines like IL-6. Here, we investigate the association between sarcopenia and interleukin-17 (IL-17), an inflammatory cytokine in the aged. There were 262 subjects aged 61-90 years who were screened for sarcopenia in Hainan General Hospital. The subjects were divided into 45 males and 60 females aged 65-79 years (average age: 72.00 ± 4.31 years). 105 patients without sarcopenia were randomly selected among 157 participants. It included 50 males and 55 females, aged 61-76 years (mean age: 69.10 ± 4.55 years) as per the standard definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). The "skeletal muscle index" (SMI), "hand grip strength" (HGS), "gait speed" (GS), "biochemical indexes," "serum IL-17 level," nutritional status, and past medical history of the two groups were evaluated and compared. Compared with the participants without sarcopenia, sarcopenia patients had higher average age; less physical exercise; lower total scores of BMI, pre-ALB, IL-17, and SPPB; and a higher proportion of malnutrition risk (all P < 0.05). By "ROC curve analysis," the best critical point was IL-17 in the growth of sarcopenia. The area that comes under ROC (AUROC) value was 0.627 (95% CI = 0.552, 0.702, P = 0.002). The ideal threshold value for IL-17 to estimate sarcopenia was 18.5 pg/mL. In the unadjusted model, IL-17 was considerably linked to sarcopenia (OR = 1.123, 95% CI = 1.037-1.215, P = 0.004). After the covariate adjustment observed in the complete adjustment model (OR = 1.111, 95% CI = 1.004-1.229, P = 0.002), this significance still exists. The results of this study suggest a strong relationship between sarcopenia and IL-17. This study will look at IL-17's potential to serve as a key sarcopenia indicator. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2200022590.

Biomonitoring the skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction in knee osteoarthritis in older adults: Is Jumpstart Nutrition® Supplementation effective?

This study aimedto investigate the efficacy of Jumpstart Nutrition® dietary supplement (JNDS) for enhancing the skeletal muscle metabolism and function of older adults with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by evaluating the biomarkers of aberrant levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase-muscle (CK-MM), and aldolase-A (Aldo-A). This twelve-week registry included 54 patients treated with JNDS mainly comprised of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin-K2, coenzyme-Q10, boswellic acid, and curcumin mixed with soy and whey protein (experimental group) and 51 patients treated with symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) (control group) for KOA confirmed with radiological images. At week 0 and week 12 for both the groups evaluated, the non-fasting serum levels of TNF-α, IL-10, CRP, CK-MM, and Aldo-A by using appropriate kits. At week-twelve, the respective values of area under the ROC curves of the studied biomarkers for pooled experimental cohorts were 0.928, 0.907, 0.908, 0.927, and 0.988 having the significance of accuracy (R-square):66.28%, 47.25%, 70.39%, 65.13%, and 68.00%, indicating a satisfactory treatment policy, their mean± SD, and risk ratio, all exhibited highly significant differences (p<0.0001) and KOA-gradation was upgraded between≥2 and ≥3 from≥4 as per the Kellgren-Lawrence scale compared to the control. Fewer patients had to use emergency medications (p<0.05). Results suggest that JNDS may be effectively used to strengthen the skeletal muscle metabolismand function of elderly patients with KOA confirmed with the stabilization of studied biomarkers as an alternative to the treatment of SYSAD correlated with ROC curves and the Kellgren-Lawrence scale.

Extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum enhance immune efficacy of oprH gene recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

To evaluate the immune enhancement effect of the extracellular polysaccharide of Lactobacillus plantarum on oprH recombinant subunit vaccine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH (rOprH vaccine) was developed. The EP-rOprH vaccine was prepared with the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum as an adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated with the rOprH and EP-rOprH vaccines, and the outer membrane protein (OMP) and inactivated vaccines were used as controls. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL-2), and IL-4 were determined after vaccination. Finally, the protective efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated after challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa. Following vaccination, the serum antibody levels were significantly higher in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine than in those vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05). Moreover, the serum antibody levels detected in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were similar to those detected in the OMP vaccine group when P. aeruginosa suspension was used as the coating antigen. However, the levels in the EP-rOprH vaccine group were higher than those in the OMP vaccine and inactivated vaccine groups when the purified rOprH protein was used as the coating antigen (P<0.05). The level of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 in mice vaccinated with the EP-rOprH vaccine was significantly higher than that in mice vaccinated with the rOprH vaccine (P<0.05) and comparable to that in mice vaccinated with the OMP vaccine. The protective rates were 65%, 80%, 80%, and 95% with the rOprH, EP-rOprH, OMP, and inactivated vaccines, respectively. Thus, the extracellular polysaccharide of L. plantarum significantly enhanced the immune response and protection provided by the recombinant subunit vaccine of oprH.

Vitamin D and Interleukin-17: Are These Serum Biomarkers Useful in Non-Segmental Vitiligo? A Case Control Study from Central India.

Non-segmental vitiligo (NSV) is an autoimmune disorder due to the destruction of melanocytes, where cytokines like interleukin 17 (IL-17) and biomolecules like vitamin D play a theoretical role in pathogenesis. Previous studies in this regard yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to compare the serum levels of IL-17 and vitamin D between NSV patients and healthy controls and to know the association of these biomarkers with disease activity and extent. This was a case-control study including adult patients with NSV and age and gender-matched healthy controls. Cases and controls with conditions likely to alter the serum levels of IL-17 and vitamin D were excluded. Serum levels of IL-17 were estimated by ELISA and vitamin D levels by chemiluminescence assay. 42 adult patients of NSV and 42 age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited over a period of eighteen months. The mean value of serum vitamin D levels in the control group was 19.053 ± 5.340 ng/ml, whereas in the case group, it was 17.336 ± 6.931 ng/ml (P > 0.05). The mean value of serum IL-17 levels in the control group was 199.824 ± 51.244 pg/ml and 213.566 ± 69.018 pg/ml in the case group (P > 0.05). These molecules did not show any association with the disease activity and extent. In contrast to the previous studies, we could not establish the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Furthermore, we could not find any association between vitamin D and vitiligo in our study, even though there is an inconsistent association between the two in the available literature.

Elevated Serum Interleukin-17 Levels in Thoracic Trauma Patients with Poor Prognosis: A Prospective Observational Study

To measure interleukin (IL)-17 serum levels in thoracic trauma patients and to correlate these levels with other cytokines and with patient prognosis. Methods: This prospective observational study recruited 130 thoracic trauma patients who were admitted to the Zhoupu Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Medical College of Health June 2020 to April 2022 and 100 healthy volunteers. Patients were divided into two groups based on Injury Severity Score (ISS): ISS<16 (mild/moderate trauma) and ISS ≥16 (severe trauma). Serum IL-17, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-1β and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Patients with poor prognosis were defined as those who developed serious complications or died during hospitalization or follow-up. Results: Serum levels of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly elevated in patients with ISS ≥16 (p<0.05). Serum cytokines levels increased within 48 h in both groups and then gradually decreased during subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. Pearson's analysis indicated a positive correlation among IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β. Serum IL-17 levels in patients with poor prognoses were higher than the patients with good prognoses at all time points (p<0.05). Furthermore, for patients with poor prognoses, the serum IL-17 levels had highest diagnostic value among all the cytokines measured. Logistic regression analysis showed that IL-17 was the risk factor for thoracic trauma patients with poor prognoses. Conclusion: Serum IL-17 levels were significantly elevated in thoracic trauma patients and decreased gradually with rehabilitation. IL-17 was a risk factor for thoracic trauma patients with poor prognoses. This study suggests a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for thoracic trauma patients.

Higher serum interleukin-12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health-related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. The present study included 85 patients and 87 age-sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham-D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL-12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL-12 levels and Ham-D scores in MDD patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristicanalysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001)at the cut-off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL-12. The current study findings support that IL-12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL-12 and depressive disorder.

Clinical Value of Serum Interleukin-18 in Neonatal Sepsis Diagnosis and Mortality Prediction.

Previous studies have demonstrated that interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels were elevated in adult patients with sepsis. However, its role in neonatal sepsis remains unknown. The current research was conducted to assess the clinical value of serum IL-18 level as a candidate biomarker in neonatal sepsis diagnosis and prediction of mortality. From July 2022 to September 2022, we prospectively enrolled 91 septic neonates and 31 non-sepsis neonates in the intensive care unit of neonates at Henan Children's Hospital in Zhengzhou, China. Neonatal peripheral blood serum was collected at admission and levels of serum IL-18 were assessed. Employing multivariate logistic regression analysis, the evaluation of the potential of IL-18 as an independent biomarker for sepsis was executed. Furthermore, employing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the diagnostic value of IL-18 in sepsis and the ability of IL-18 in predicting the mortality of neonatal sepsis was measured. The statistical package SPSS 24.0 was employed to conduct all statistical analyses. Serum IL-18 levels in neonates in the sepsis group were elevated compared to the control group, reaching the highest levels in the non-survival sepsis group (P < 0.001). Correlation analysis exhibited a positive relationship between IL-18 levels and age, body temperature, respiratory rate, and C-reactive protein levels. IL-18 was identified as an independent biomarker in identifying sepsis (OR = 4.747, 95% CI 1.493-15.092, P = 0.008) by multiple logistic regression. ROC curve analysis exhibited that IL-18 was good in identifying neonatal sepsis (area under curve (AUC) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.68-0.85, P < 0.001) and predicting neonatal mortality (AUC = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.63-0.96, P = 0.003). IL-18 was a potential biomarker for identifying neonatal sepsis and neonatal mortality prediction.

Efficacy and safety of acupoint application for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

To use evidence-based medicine to explore the efficacy of acupoint application (AA) for allergic rhinitis (AR) at different time points and its safety. We searched 7 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) as well as the international clinical trial registration platform from January 2010 to March 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of AA versus placebo, Western Medicine or other alternative therapies on AR. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane handbook, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Outcomes included the total effective rate, recurrence rate, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), quality of life measured by the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) or Short Form-36 (SF-36), adverse events, and biomarkers including immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon gamma (INF-γ). Twenty-eight RCTs involving 3282 participants were included. The short-term and long-term efficacy of AA was significantly better than placebo, including better total effective rate [: 3.05, 95% (1.84, 5.07), after treatment; : 9.29, 95% (2.57, 33.66), at 6 months], lower recurrence rate [: 0.55, 95% (0.45, 0.66), at 6 months; : 0.65, 95% (0.57, 0.74), at 1 year], lower TNSS [: -3.09, 95% (-3.58, -2.61), after treatment], and lower RQLQ [: -14.79, 95% (-21.49, -8.10), after treatment; : -11.92, 95% (-17.40, -6.45), at 4-6 months]. Compared with Western Medicine, AA had better long-term total effective rate [: 1.33, 95%CI (1.05, 1.69), at 3 months; : 1.49, 95% 1.22 to 1.81, at 1 year) and lower recurrence rate [: 0.48, 95% (0.39, 0.58), at 6 months; : 0.45, 95% (0.33, 0.60), at 1 year]. AA had better long-term total effective rate versus acupuncture [: 2.06, 95% (1.28, 3.31), at 1 year] or oral Chinese medicine [: 1.21, 95% (1.09, 1.34), ≥ 6 months]. Both AA and Western Medicine can reduce serum levels of IgE, EOS, and IL-4 after treatment. The main adverse event of AA was local skin reaction without systemic side effects. The short-term (within one month) and long-term (at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year) efficacy of acupoint application on AR was better than that of placebo. The long-term efficacy of acupoint application was superior to that of Western Medicine (at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year), oral Chinese medicine (at more than 6 months) and acupuncture (at 1 year). AA can reduce serum IgE, EOS, and IL-4 level of AR patients in a short run. Acupoint application is safe, but severe skin reactions can reduce patient compliance.

399 Real-world effectiveness and safety of baricitinib in Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis: possible suppressive effect of serum IL-22 levels by baricitinib

Baricitinib, an oral, selective, and reversible Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, has been used for moderate-to-severe AD in patients aged >15 years in Japan from December 2020. In this study, we analyzed 14 Japanese adult patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis who were treated with baricitinib at Gunma University Hospital. We present our real-world data in combination with hematological data and improvement rates, and the relationship between serum interleukin-22 levels and disease activity of atopic dermatitis.

Evaluation of Interleukin-23 and Creatine Kinase –MB (CK-MB) Levels in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with COVID-19 in Baghdad City

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is considered a common cardiovascular disease, in which there is a blood supply reduction to the myocardium, mostly due to atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries. the present study was designed to detect serum markers in Acute coronary syndrome patients infected with COVID-19 in Baghdad Governorate, by evaluating the level of Interleukin-23(IL-23) and level of creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Methods: A total of one hundred fifty participants were enrolled in the current study divided into three groups 50 patients with ACS and 50 ACS with COVID-19 patients, while 50 participants as apparently healthy controls. age and sex-matched as healthy controls were involved in the present study. The serum IL-23 and CK-MB levels were measured using an ELISA technique. Serum concentrations of IL-23 and CK-MB were significantly higher in ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls (P≤0.01) also there was a highly significant difference at (P≥ 0.01) between ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients. IL- 23 can be considered a biomarker for ACS patients and ACS with COVID-19 patients.

Utility of serum interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a tumour marker in gastric cancer

Introduction: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most prevailing cancer globally, attributing to more than 70% of cases in developing countries. Protein cancer biomarkers, such as CEA, CA- 125, AFP and PSA, are clinically helpful diagnostic tools, but they have low sensitivity and specificity for GC. Hence, it is essential to discover better markers for GC diagnosis. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is the member of Interleukin-1 family. It is hypothesized to be a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion, leading to gastric atrophy and causing an increased risk of GC. This study was to evaluate the association between the serum IL-18 in GC. Methodology: We included cases who underwent UGI Scopy and were proven to have GC histopathologically. The patients who presented to the out-patient who underwent UGI scopy and was found to have no growth were selected as controls. Twenty-eight cases and 84 control sample sizes were derived from nMaster V2. Blood samples from patients and controls were collected, and serum IL-18 levels were estimated using a solid-phase sandwich ELISA method. Results: We found that the cut-off value of serum IL-18 was 85.59 pg/ml, had a sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 57.1%, with a positive predictive value of 81.5% and a negative predictive value of 34% in diagnosing GC. The study plotted the receiver operating characteristic curve against IL-18 for sensitivity and specificity. Statistically, we found through the Area Under the Curve (AUC) that the rise in serum IL-18 levels was a poor indicator of GC with a p-value of 0.078. Conclusion: Statistically, a cut-off of 85.59pg/ml showed good sensitivity and specificity; however, the probability was insignificant, suggesting that IL-18 may not be of diagnostic importance. Studies with a larger sample size are required to further probe into the usefulness of estimating IL-18 in GC.

Elevated expression of interleukin-27, IL-35, and decreased IL-12 in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a chronic autoimmune disease. The interleukin-12 (IL-12) family includes IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35, all of which play important roles in autoimmunity. Thus far, the relationship between IL-12, IL-27, and IL-35 and the TAO has not been evaluated. Seventy-five serum samples from patients with TAO were collected. Serum samples from 90 healthy controls (HC), 55 patients with Graves' disease (GD), 38 patients with uveitis (UV), 17 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), and 65 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were collected as controls. The associations between IL-27, IL-35, IL-12, and other clinical parameters were analyzed. Elevated serum levels of IL-27/IL-35 and decreased serum IL-12 levels were observed in TAO patients compared to those in HC (p < 0.001). For HC, we observed good diagnostic ability to predict TAO (area under the curve = 0.74, 0.78, and 0.78, for IL-27, IL-35, and IL-12, respectively). For other autoimmune diseases, IL-27, IL-35, and IL-12 had the ability to discriminate between UV, RA, and SS (area under the curve = 0.80, 0.83, and 0.85 for IL-27; 0.52, 0.69, and 0.67 for IL-35). The positive detection rates of IL-12 were significantly lower in the TAO group than in the UV and RA groups (p = 0.002, 0.01). IL-12, IL-27, and IL-35 have the potential as biomarkers for TAO.