Self-perceived Knowledge Level Research Articles

Assessment of the usefulness of Neurodevelopmental Centered Care (NCC) in relation to the knowledge and professional experience in Neonatal Intensive Care (NICU) of nurses in a public hospital in the city of Rosario

Prematurity is a well-known problem and a leading cause of newborn deaths. Premature newborns (PTNB) have criteria for admission to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) for care and survival with a series of neurodevelopmental risks. The aim of this study was to determine the assessment of the usefulness of Neurodevelopmental Centered Care (NCC) in relation to professional knowledge and experience in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) of nurses in a public hospital in the city of Rosario. A non-experimental, descriptive, qualitative-quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out on the total population of nurses (25) working in the NICU. The data collection technique was the survey and a self-administered questionnaire was used with 12 items that accounted for the different indicators of the variables. The degree of the respondents showed some parity between undergraduate and undergraduate academic degree; and specific training in NCC -updated to the last year- represented a little more than a third of the population. The nurses' self-perception of their knowledge and experience to perform in the NICU was predominantly intermediate - 84% and 72% respectively. The mean usefulness assessment of 7 activities of the NCC in relation to the evolution and prognosis of the PTNB in the NICU had levels compatible with the range of maximum possible assessment (between value=5 and value=6): impact of stress prevention 5.80; family participation, noise control and pain prevention 5.76; care of the PTNB's posture 5.60; care of maneuvers and contact 5.52; and mother/parent kangaroo method 5.44. It is concluded that the valuation of usefulness of CCN in this population has been very high and no correlation is seen with the academic degree, the training present in CNN and the different levels of self-perceived knowledge and experience in the NICU

Assessing Non-University Teachers’ Self-Perception of Entrepreneurial Competence: A Study of the Teachers of the Sagrada Familia Foundation in Spain

Different studies highlight the importance of developing entrepreneurial competence (EC) from the earliest educational levels, as well as during the teacher training stages, as they are considered to be facilitating and transforming agents in the integral development of students. The purpose of this research is to analyse the self-perceived level of knowledge and implementation of EC among active teachers from non-university centres managed by the Sagrada Familia Foundation, Spain. After designing a questionnaire based, among others sources, on EntreComp and EntreCompEdu frameworks, an expert judgement was carried out. A total of 326 participants answered the questionnaire. The result show that more than 70% of respondents had not heard about EntreComp and EntreCompEdu; more than 50% had no knowledge of entrepreneurial education (EE); and the respondents as a whole stand out in terms of perseverance, motivation, autonomy, decision-making and teamwork; only 14–18% of respondents plan subjects that pay attention to ECs. Moreover, almost 50% of respondents state that they use participatory learning methodologies, while only 13% believe that when evaluating pupils’ performance, it is necessary to support sharing achievements and progress with internal and external agents; only a further 15% involve students in the assessment process. We must advocate and work for the development of ‘teacherpreneurs’, and start developing EC in all stages of teacher training.

CONSUMERS’ KNOWLEDGE OF PRODUCTS WITH GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS IN SERBIA

The main purpose of this study is to shed light on consumers’ knowledge of geographical indications in Serbia. We therefore present the results obtained from a consumer survey on a sample of 806 respondents in the territory of Serbia. Differences in consumers’ knowledge of geographical indications as well as in the self-perceived level of knowledge of GI food were tested according to several socio-demographic criteria. The results showed that there are significant statistical differences in gender, age, and level of education regarding consumer knowledge of GIs. In addition, the respondents indicated a low level of knowledge about the GIs, qualities, benefits, and method of production of these products, as well as the existence of an adequate control system. As consumers consider themselves insufficiently informed, this finding suggests that it is necessary to undertake actions that will contribute to the consumers’ education and information. Based on the obtained results, recommendations useful for marketing managers, decision-makers, agricultural producers as well as future research are given in the paper.

Management of Pediatric Voice Disorders: Perceived Knowledge, Confidence, Attitude and Practice Patterns Among School-based Speech-language Pathologists in Hong Kong

This survey evaluated the levels of self-perceived knowledge, confidence, attitude and practice patterns of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in Hong Kong regarding their management of pediatric voice disorders. SLPs with experience working in school settings in Hong Kong were invited to complete an anonymous online survey. The survey ascertained SLPs' perception of their knowledge, confidence, attitude and practice patterns regarding their management of pediatric voice disorders. It also explored the barriers and facilitators to effective service provision for children with voice problems in schools. A total of 85 responses were received, of which 56 respondents with complete responses were selected for analysis. Results showed that respondents in general did not consider themselves having sufficient knowledge on pediatric voice. They did not feel fully confident in managing pediatric voice cases. Even though they exhibited a positive attitude and agreed that pediatric voice management was important, discrepancies were noted between their attitude and practice. Barriers that hinder practice include the lack of professional guidelines, insufficient time and resource as well as difficulties to conduct comprehensive voice assessments with children. The study findings urge the needs of enhancing school-based SLPs' perceived knowledge and competence in managing pediatric voice disorders. The study also identifies strategic directions to improve service provision for children with voice disorders in schools.

Medical genetics education for pediatrics residents: A brief report

PurposeGenetic testing is ubiquitous in the field of medicine and is often ordered or requested by primary care providers, nongenetics subspecialists, and patients themselves. Other studies have shown that providers are often not comfortable ordering genetic testing. There have been initiatives to teach these concepts via continuing medical education; however, there is not a standardized training program for teaching resident physicians about genetic testing. MethodsDuring September to October 2020, we recruited all the pediatrics residents at our institution via email (N = 102). Residents were invited to complete a Qualtrics electronic survey that addressed self-perceived level of knowledge about core concepts of genetic testing, as well as self-perceived confidence discussing these concepts with families. ResultsResponse rate was 46 to 102 (45%). Proportions of respondents reporting they felt insufficiently knowledgeable ranged from 28% (basic concepts of genetics) to 80% (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act). Most pediatrics residents agreed that a curriculum teaching basics of genetic testing would be helpful to them. Desired curricular topics included indications and limitations of genetic testing, testing procedures, and counseling families. ConclusionDespite its expanding importance across medicine, genetics education is lacking in pediatrics residency programs and residents would benefit from a curriculum teaching basic concepts of genetic testing.

Scientific literacy and preferred resources used by Latin American medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey

Background: This study aims to identify the preferred sources for acquiring knowledge about COVID-19 and to evaluate basic knowledge on critical scientific literature appraisal in students from medical schools located in Spanish speaking countries in Latin America. Methods: We designed an online survey of 15 closed-ended questions related to demographics, preferred resources for COVID-19 training, and items to assess critical appraisal skills. A snowball method was used for sampling. We conducted a descriptive analysis and Chi-squared tests to compare the proportion of correct identification of the concept of a preprint and a predatory journal when considering a) self-perceived level of knowledge, b) public vs private school, c) inclusion of a scientific literature appraisal subject in the curriculum, and d) progress in medical school. Results: Our sample included 770 valid responses, out of which most of the participants included were from Mexico (n=283, 36.8%) and Ecuador (n=229, 29.7%). Participants preferred using evidence-based clinical resources (EBCRs) to learn more about COVID-19 (n=182, 23.6%). The preferred study design was case report/series (n=218, 28.1%). We found that only 265 participants correctly identified the concept of a preprint (34.4%), while 243 students (31.6%) correctly identified the characteristics of a predatory journal. We found no significant differences in the proportion of correct answers regardless of the self-perceived level of knowledge, progress in medical school, or scientific literature critical appraisal classes. Conclusion: This study is novel in its approach of identifying sources of knowledge used by Latin American medical students and provides insights into the need to reinforce training in critical appraisal of scientific literature during medical school.

Awareness towards the main ILD among primary care physicians

BackgroundInterstitial lung diseases (ILDs) comprise a group of multiple entities sharing some clinical, functional, and radiological similarities. In many countries primary care setting has been devoid of pre- and post-graduate educational interventions focused on basic knowledge on ILD. This, along with usual nonspecificity of symptoms at presentation, may contribute to diagnostic delay in this disease setting.MethodsWe designed a study questionnaire to assess the level of awareness on basic diagnostic and management aspects of core ILDs – idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, connective tissue disease related-ILD, and drug-induced ILD - among primary care physicians (GPs) from five “ACeS Baixo Vouga” health centres and to perceive possible weaknesses. Differences in awareness between GPs under 45 and over 45 yearsold were also assessed.ResultsGlobally, 69% of questions were correctly answered but only 21.9% of GPs considered to have a satisfactory self-perceived level of knowledge on ILD. Except sarcoidosis (p=0.017) and some isolated questions on other diseases, no significant differences were found between physicians below 45 years and above. Though, there was a trend to higher awareness in the younger group. The best awareness was seen in sarcoidosis. IPF questions had the worst performance and only 48.5% of GPs recognized the importance of velcro-type crackles in suggesting a possible diagnosis.ConclusionSpecific attention should be devoted to educational interventions directed to GPs on basic notions on the main ILDs. This could improve the usual diagnostic delay in many ILDs, as a timely diagnosis is essential for an early treatment and prolonged patient survival.

Scientific literacy and preferred resources used by Latin American medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational survey

Background: This study aims to identify the preferred sources for acquiring knowledge about COVID-19 and to evaluate basic knowledge on critical scientific literature appraisal in students from medical schools located in Spanish speaking countries in Latin America. Methods: We designed an online survey of 15 closed-ended questions related to demographics, preferred resources for COVID-19 training, and items to assess critical appraisal skills. A snowball method was used for sampling. We conducted a descriptive analysis and Chi-squared tests to compare the proportion of correct identification of the concept of a preprint and a predatory journal when considering a) self-perceived level of knowledge, b) public vs private school, c) inclusion of a scientific literature appraisal subject in the curriculum, and d) progress in medical school. Results: Our sample included 770 valid responses, out of which most of the participants included were from Mexico (n=283, 36.8%) and Ecuador (n=229, 29.7%). Participants preferred using evidence-based clinical resources (EBCRs) to learn more about COVID-19 (n=182, 23.6%). The preferred study design was case report/series (n=218, 28.1%). We found that only 265 participants correctly identified the concept of a preprint (34.4%), while 243 students (31.6%) correctly identified the characteristics of a predatory journal. We found no significant differences in the proportion of correct answers regardless of the self-perceived level of knowledge, progress in medical school, or scientific literature critical appraisal classes. Conclusion: This study is novel in its approach of identifying sources of knowledge used by Latin American medical students and provides insights into the need to reinforce training in critical appraisal of scientific literature during medical school.

An Investigation into Equine Nutrition Knowledge and Educational Needs of Equine Veterinarians.

This study investigated equine nutrition knowledge and educational needs of licensed veterinarians in the United States who were exclusively or predominately equine practitioners. It found veterinarians regard their peers as an important resource of nutritional knowledge, ranking ahead of all other sources except a PhD equine nutritionist. Interestingly, only 21% of veterinarians felt good about their knowledge level in equine nutrition after graduating from veterinary school. Although veterinarians in this study reported equine nutrition to be an area of weakness, 75% had not pursued continuing education in the field of nutrition within the last year. Additionally, they devoted only 65 minutes per year on average to improving their knowledge of equine nutrition, yet the majority (82.2%) had been providing nutritional advice to clients. This study revealed that time spent practicing veterinary medicine increases (p < .001) a veterinarian's self-perceived knowledge level of equine nutrition, shifting from just below average after graduation from veterinary school to just above average at the time of this study. The majority (70%) of veterinarians in this study believe nutrition is very important in their practice philosophy, and 71% showed interest in taking online continuing education courses; thus, curriculum should be developed and offered in areas of need as identified by this study. These areas include insulin resistance, equine gastric ulcer syndrome, equine metabolic syndrome, performance horses, equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, equine polysaccharide storage myopathy, and arthritis/joint pain, along with how to assess nutritional status during general wellness examinations.

Self-perceived knowledge level of epidemic management in medical residents prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, requiring a comprehensive response from all healthcare systems, including Mexico's. As medical residents' training did not involve epidemic response, we decided to evaluate their level of training on this subject, specifically self-perceived knowledge level and capacity to respond to epidemiological crises. Medical residents from two hospitals belonging to PEMEX (Mexico's state-owned petroleum company) were included in a cross-sectional study. All participants answered a modified version of the survey developed by the University of Lovaina's Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care. Participants were analyzed according to their relevant "clinical" or "surgical" residency tracks. Data were analyzed using through Chi-square tests, t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients with significance established at p < 0.05. Of a total of 94 resident participants in this study, 56.7% self-perceived themselves as being poorly prepared to confront the pandemic. Only 25.5% of the participants referred previous experience in medical responses to public health emergencies, and only 35.1% reported ever receiving education on this topic. Medical residents-who have been involved with caring for victims of the pandemic-are under the general perception that they are not prepared, experienced, or educated enough to respond to such a widespread massive public health emergency.

Massive open online learning in basic life support and automated external defibrillation: an efficient way to improve confidence and readiness of lay people to provide help

BackgroundEducation of lay people in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is recognised as an important contributor to increased survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Nowadays, due to the increased risk of COVID-19, it is recommended to withhold traditional face-to-face training in CPR [1]. Whereas Internet-based distance learning is suggested as a suitable alternative to instructor-led training, little is currently known about the effectiveness of the online learning in resuscitation.PurposeThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of self-learning in basic life support (BLS) and automated external defibrillation (AED) utilising a massive open online course (MOOC) on lay people's self-confidence and willingness to provide help.MethodsLay trainees of the brief (approximately one hour long) theoretical self-paced Russian-language MOOC in BLS/AED were inquired to rate their knowledge of resuscitation and readiness to attempt CPR on a stranger both in the beginning and after completion of the course based on a five-point rating scale. A retrospective analysis of data obtained for one year (July 2018 – July 2019) was conducted.ResultsDuring the studied period, 11,924 persons joined the MOOC, and 3,445 (29%) trainees have finished the course. Of those who completed the course, 42% had some form of previous training in resuscitation, 45% were males; median age – 23 years. When compared to the pre-training levels, after mastering the course material the average levels of self-perceived knowledge and readiness to attempt CPR on a stranger improved significantly (p<0.001): from 2.2 points to 4.0 points, and from 3.3 points to 4.2 points, respectively. After the training, the proportion of people who expressed a high level of willingness to give CPR (4–5 points) was almost two times higher than at baseline (81% vs. 44%; p<0.001). Completion of the course curriculum and higher levels of self-confidence and readiness to provide CPR were strongly associated with previous resuscitation training (p<0.001).ConclusionsTo the best of the authors' knowledge, no previous study has investigated and demonstrated the motivating effect of online learning in CPR. This study suggests that the free-of-charge massive online course in BLS/AED represent an effective tool for increasing coverage of the population with resuscitation training, improving self-confidence of potential rescuers and their willingness to provide the life-saving help. The distant theoretical training provides an important way to enhance and support laypeople's motivation to attempt CPR during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research could be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Internet-based massive self-directed learning supplemented with synchronous or asynchronous hands-on practice.FUNDunding AcknowledgementType of funding sources: None.

Making it stick: use of active learning strategies in continuing medical education

BackgroundDespite the known benefits of active learning (AL), the predominate educational format in higher education is the lecture. The reasons for slow adaptation of AL in medical education are not well understood. The purpose of this survey was to determine knowledge, usage, attitudes, and barriers to AL use in academic Continuing Medical Education (CME).MethodA 20-item questionnaire was developed and sent with a link to an online questionnaire to the Society of Academic Continuing Medical Education (SACME) listserv of ~ 350 professionals representing academic medical centers, teaching hospitals, and medical specialty societies in the United States (U.S.) and Canada. Responses were collected with SurveyMonkey® from October–November, 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS®.ResultsResponses from 146 SACME members in 91 CME units yielded a ~ 42% survey response rate. Many respondents reported their self-perceived knowledge of AL as high. Advanced training (e.g., certificate, Master of Education degree) was positively correlated with AL knowledge. AL methods were reportedly used in half of the CME activities in the majority (80%) of institutions. Higher levels of self-perceived knowledge were correlated with an increased percentage of AL-related CME activities. Commonly perceived barriers to use of AL were presenters’ lack of familiarity and a need for more time-consuming preparation.ConclusionsMore efforts are needed to increase innovation and incorporate evidence-based AL strategies in medical education, especially to foster learner engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving ability.

Factors associated with self-perceived knowledge of COVID-19: a study among women from the NINFEA birth cohort.

health literacy may contribute to the strategies to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as individuals need to acquire promptly new health information, understand the reasons behind recommendations, and adapt their behaviour accordingly. to investigate sociodemographic and disease-related factors that can influence self-perceived knowledge (poor/medium vs high) about COVID-19 in women of the Italian NINFEA birth cohort. cross-sectional study. a web-based anonymous survey on COVID-19 was sent in April 2020 to women participating in the NINFEA cohort. A total of 3,129 women were included in the study. using multiple weighted logistic regression models, self-perceived knowledge level was analysed in relation with the following variables: age, education level, family size, cumulative incidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases until 7 April 2020 by province, presence of COVID-19-like symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 testing, and COVID-19 diagnosis. the prevalence of self-perceived poor/medium knowledge was 57%. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) of self-perceived poor/medium COVID-19 knowledge level was increased for low/medium compared with high education level (OR 1.57; 95%CI 1.34-1.84), and decreased for SARS-CoV-2 testing (OR 0.25; 95%CI 0.16-0.39) and COVID-19 diagnosis (OR 0.20; 95%CI 0.07-0.60). There was no evidence of association between the other analysed variables and self-perceived knowledge level. the findings of this study suggest that low educational level is a determinant of low self-perceived knowledge on COVID-19 in middle-aged women.

The value of a short practical training course for newly qualified therapists working with children with cerebral palsy in South Africa.

BackgroundCerebral palsy (CP) is the most common and most complex disabling disorder in children. Newly qualified therapists are expected to manage CP despite feeling inexperienced and inadequately prepared. Short postgraduate practical training courses could potentially help bridge this readiness gap. However, the value of these short courses in addressing the knowledge and experience gap is unknown.ObjectivesTo establish the value of a short practical training course on the self-perceived readiness of newly qualified South African trained therapists to work with children with CP.MethodSecondary analysis of records on therapists’ immediate evaluation of a short practical training course on CP management was completed. The analysis included records from 11 courses collected over a 2-years period (2015–2017). Paired t-tests were used to determine the change in knowledge in the quantitative questionnaire. Qualitative data were analysed inductively to determine themes.ResultsThe majority of therapists had their expectations met by the course. Therapists’ self-perceived level of knowledge about various aspects of CP after the course changed significantly. Therapists appreciated the adult teaching and learning methods, conducive learning environment, the relevant and organised content and holistic approach of the course. They demonstrated readiness to adopt positive attitudes, perceptions and practice following the course.ConclusionA short practical postgraduate training course in CP is valuable in addressing the self-perceived lack of readiness amongst therapists with little experience in this area. It is capable of improving the knowledge and changing attitudes, perceptions and practice intentions positively, and thereby potentially improving the quality of service offered to children with CP.

Israeli Nurses' Palliative Care Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Practices.

To describe and compare self-perceived end-of-life (EOL) knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses compared to oncology nurses. 126 Israeli nurses (79 oncology nurses and 47 ICU nurses) who were members of the Israel Association of Cardiology and Critical Care Nurses and the Israeli Oncology Nurses Organization. This cross-sectional study used an online survey to gather demographic information, clinical setting, and study measures (EOL knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and practices). Oncology nurses and ICU nurses showed moderate levels of self-perceived knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care; however, their self-reported behaviors were low. Oncology nurses scored slightly higher than ICU nurses on knowledge and attitudes but not behaviors, although the difference was not statistically significant. Contrary to the current authors' expectations, oncology nurses and ICU nurses have similar levels of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding palliative care. Nurses in both settings need to be better trained and empowered to provide such care.

Factors Influencing Instruction Competencies as Perceived by Technical and Vocational Education and Training Students in Malaysia

The purpose of the study was to identify and describe factors influencing instruction competencies as perceived by Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) students in Malaysia. The study described the students’ self-perceived level of knowledge and their perceived importance of instruction competencies for TVET courses conducted by a private vocational college in Kuala Lumpur and a public institution in Selangor. The study employed a mixed-method explanatory sequential study design. Data were gathered from a sample of 171 TVET students using the Instruction Competency Questionnaire (ICS). Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation were used to analyses the data. This was followed by individual semi-structured interviews with 3 TVET students from the Selangor public institution. Feedback from the respondents of the ICS showed that 68.4% indicated that they had knowledge on scientific, interpretative, and critical paradigms. Significant correlations (p < .05) were reported (a) between perceived knowledge of experience in designing instruction and perceived knowledge of need for further education in instruction competence, and (b) between perceived importance of training on designing instruction and perceived importance of the need for further education in instruction competence. The study also showed that perceived importance of instruction competencies and perceived knowledge of instruction competencies were predictors for the need for further education on instruction competencies. The findings indicated that instruction competence was important for the overall quality of educational experience since it was shaped by expectations about the educational outcomes that students should manifest upon their graduation.

Attitudes towards worm egg counts and targeted selective treatment against equine cyathostomins

Gastrointestinal nematodes present a major threat to the health and welfare of equids worldwide. Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is increasingly reported and challenges effective control in horses and ponies in many regions. The use of faecal worm egg counts (FECs) to support targeted treatment (FEC-TT) and targeted selective treatment (FEC-TST) has been promoted as an effective deworming strategy that may prolong the useful life of anthelmintics and reduce the costs associated with parasite control. However, treatment applied at set intervals or on pre-determined dates remains common. A structural equation model was developed to identify factors influencing the uptake of FEC-directed treatment strategies, based on well-established socio-psychological theories of intentional health-related behaviours: the Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Health Belief Model. More than 850 valid responses were received from horse owners in the UK via an online survey. The intention to use FECs prior to deworming was not influenced by the perceived risk of anthelmintic resistance or that of gastrointestinal nematode infection but was positively influenced by a negative attitude towards anthelmintics, a positive attitude towards FECs, an increase in social pressure (e.g. significant others think the respondent should use FECs) and an increase in perceived control over their deworming programme. The results were consistent with a similar study conducted on FEC-TT in cattle in Belgium. An increase in respondents’ self-perceived level of knowledge significantly increased the intention to use FECs via mediating factors. These results suggest that knowledge transfer activities aimed at increasing awareness and understanding of sustainable nematode control practices may be more effective at encouraging behaviour change than emphasising the dangers of nematodes and AR, which had limited influence on behaviour intention in this study population.

Treatment of temporomandibular disorders – knowledge, attitudes and clinical experience among general practising dentists in Sweden

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the self-perceived level of knowledge, attitudes and clinical experience in treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) among general practising dentists (GPDs).Material and methods: A web-based questionnaire was sent to all GPDs in the public dental health service in the County of Uppsala in 2010 (n = 128) and 2014 (n = 113). The GPDs were asked to answer questions in the following categories: Demographic information, Quality assurance, Clinical experience and treatment, Need for specialist resources in the field of TMD and Attitudes. Between the two questionnaires, the GPDs were offered TMD education and an examination template including three TMD questions was introduced in the computer case files. The results were also compared with a previous questionnaire from 2001.Results: The response rate was 71% (2010) and 73% (2014). The majority of the GPDs were women (70% in 2010 and 72% in 2014). The reported frequency of taking a case history of facial pain and headache increased between 2010 and 2014. In 2014, the GPDs were more secure and reported higher frequency of good clinical routines in treatment with jaw exercises and pharmacological intervention compared to 2001. Interocclusal appliance was the treatment with which most dentists felt confident and reported good clinical routines.Conclusions: The GPDs felt more insecure concerning TMD diagnostics, therapy decisions and treatment in children/adolescents compared to adults. There is a high need for orofacial pain/TMD specialists and a majority of the GPDs wants the specialists to offer continuing education in TMD.

Factors influencing Chinese university students’ willingness to performing bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Background and aimLow rates of bystander-initiated CPR are a major obstacle to improved survival rates, and the aim of this study is to elucidate the factors associated with university students’ attitudes toward performing bystander CPR. MethodsQuestionnaires were distributed to 18 universities across three metropolises in China. One question asking for respondents’ attitudes toward performing bystander CPR was set as the dependent variable, and the logistic regression models were used to extract independent factors for respondents’ attitudes toward performing bystander CPR. Results2934 questionnaires were completed, with a response rate of 81.5%. Results suggested that predictors of willingness to perform bystander CPR were: previous experience of performing bystander CPR, higher self-perceived ability to perform bystander CPR properly after instruction, medicine and law discipline, male gender, not being the single child of their parents, higher participation in university societies, being used to taking decisive action immediately, less self-perceived life stress and higher self-perceived knowledge level of CPR. ConclusionsPersons having previous experience of performing bystander CPR and those who thought they would have the ability to perform bystander CPR properly are predominantly associated with willingness to perform bystander CPR. Psychological and cultural factors need further study.

Awareness and perception on stem cells treatment among medical professionals in Klang valley

Awareness and perception on stem cells treatment among medical professionals in Klang valley