School Level Research Articles

How do children with Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI)-related visual difficulties perform on key academic domains in grade 1?

ABSTRACT Previous research estimated a prevalence of 3.4% Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI)-related visual problems within primary school children, potentially compromising students’ performance. This study aimed to clarify how CVI-related visual difficulties relate to academic performance in standardized achievement tests. As part of the Luxembourg school monitoring programme, 1129 first graders (mean age of 7 years) participated in three competence tests (mathematics, early literacy and listening comprehension) and in student and parent questionnaires (background information). The same children took part in a CVI-related visual difficulties screening (Evaluation of Visuo-Attentional abilities battery, optometric and orthoptic measures). The sample was divided post-screening into 38 children with potential CVI-related visual difficulties (18 females, 20 males, mean age 7y, range 6–8y) and 890 typically developing (TD) children (445 females, 430 males, 15 missing, mean age 7y, range 5–10y). Compared to the TD sample children with CVI-related visual difficulties significantly underperformed in early literacy and mathematics, but not in listening comprehension, even when controlling for background characteristics known to influence performance (gender, socio-economic status, migration background, parental education, home language, age). The results confirm the association of CVI-related visual difficulties with learning processes already at primary school level and emphasize the need to implement a systematic screening for CVI-related visual difficulties, as early as possible within the school path, to ensure adequate measures are employed to aid students at risk.

Traumatic dental injuries in the first year of life and related risk factors in three regions of Brazil: a multicenter birth cohort study

BackgroundTraumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in early childhood exert a negative impact on the quality of life of children and their families. However, there is no evidence from cohort studies on which to base prevention strategies at the beginning of life, when children are entirely dependent upon supervision. The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence of TDI in the first year of life and explore risk factors in a birth cohort followed up in three major cities in different regions of Brazil.MethodsA birth cohort study was conducted with children in the cities of Porto Alegre, Salvador, and Manaus. Socioeconomic, demographic, and anthropometric characteristics were collected at baseline. Behavioral characteristics were collected when the children were six and 12 months of age. After the first year of life, clinical examinations were performed by trained, calibrated dentists for the assessment of TDI (Andreasen’s criteria). Poisson regression models were used to estimate associations between the independent variables and TDI, with the calculation of crude and adjusted relative risk (RR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe incidence of TDI in the first year of life (range: 12 to 16 months) was 18.1% (95% CI: 13.6–22.6%). The multivariable analysis revealed a significantly greater risk of TDI in children from non-nuclear families (RR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.11-3.00) as well as those whose mothers had a higher level of schooling (RR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.04–5.63) and when tooth eruption began up to six months of age (RR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.34–3.95). Being the first-born child was a protective factor (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27–0.87) for the occurrence of the outcome.ConclusionThe high incidence of TDI in the first year of life indicates the need for primary prevention strategies with an emphasis on active supervision in the first months of life. Risk factors associated with TDI related to the family, mother and child suggest pathways for the planning of such strategies.

Gender Based Analysis of Emotional Intelligence among Secondary School Level

Gender Based Analysis of Emotional Intelligence among Secondary School Level

Development of Website-Based Learning Media for Listening Skills for Puppet Story Materials at the Junior High School Level

This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate website-based Javanese language learning media that are designed innovatively, interactively, and easily accessible to students and teachers. Another objective is to ensure that this learning media is in accordance with user needs and supports an effective learning process. The type of research used is research and development (R&D) based on the theory put forward by Sugiono, which includes systematic steps in designing and testing learning products. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires distributed to students and teachers to identify their needs, where the results were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. Product validation was carried out by several parties, including students as the primary users, media validators to assess the quality of design and interactivity, and material validators to assess the accuracy of learning content. Based on the validation results, media experts and material experts assessed this product as "very feasible" to use in learning. In addition, the results of the trial conducted on students provided positive feedback by stating that this learning media was also "very feasible". Thus, this website-based learning media is useful for improving students' listening skills, especially in the wayang story material in Javanese language subjects.

Growing the Concept of Multiplication at Blabak 3 Primary School; Exploratory Study

This study aims to find out at what grade the concept of multiplication begins to grow at the elementary school level, using marbles as a visual aid. Marbles were used to facilitate students' understanding of multiplication in a more concrete and interactive way. Through the grouping of marbles, students can see the relationship between numbers and objects directly, making it easier for them to understand multiplication as repeated addition. This research was conducted at Blabak 3 State Elementary School by observing from the early grades to classes that have begun to grow the concept of multiplication at the elementary school level. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the concept of multiplication began to grow clearly and develop more deeply in grade 3, where students began to be able to apply this concept in a broader context. The use of marbles media proved to be effective in helping students understand multiplication, so that researchers can find out from which grade the concept of multiplication began to grow at the elementary school level. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the concept of multiplication began to grow in grade 3 elementary school students. Keywords: Multiplication Concept, Marbles Media, Elementary School

Teacher as a Trendsetter in Character Development of the Students: A Quantitative Study at Secondary School Level in District Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Teachers perform an indispensable role in shaping the moral and ethical growth of students in an educational environment. The main aim of the study was to understand the role of teachers in character-building, identify effective practices, examine the challenges they face, assess the need for professional development, and analyze teachers' views on assessment and grading related to the character-building of the students at secondary school level of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The research design of the current study was purely quantitative. The sample size of the study was comprised of 234 boys’ secondary school teachers (SSTs) who were selected based on Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sampling table from district Charsadda of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected through a simple random sampling technique using a Likert scale questionnaire of five students character-building attributes, each with six items rated from Strongly Agree to Strongly Disagree. The data was analyzed by using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) software version 24 and all the results showed a strong need for teachers' training programs and continuing professional development to improve their ability to effectively promote character-building traits of the students. The study highlighted the importance of teachers’ practices as role models, mentors, and guides in promoting students' moral and ethical development. Practical recommendations were also given to teachers, principals, policymakers, and other stakeholders to support the overall development of students through character-building education.

Formative research and development of a referral toolkit for sexual health services linkages within chicago public high schools.

Linking adolescent students to sexual health services has been recommended to promote overall adolescent health and wellbeing. Support at the school level is needed to develop such linkages, particularly in large, urban districts. A series of focus groups and interviews were conducted in three high schools piloting sexual health services linkage efforts in Chicago Public Schools. Analytical strategy: All focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Atlas.ti. Study participants articulated two central challenges and strategies to address them. To address the first challenge - integrating and coordinating services into the school culture -valueholders suggested increasing communication among school staff members and parents and integrating providers into the school ecosystem. Strategies suggested to address the second challenge - issues of stigma and privacy around seeking services - include offering more than sexual health services, maintaining confidentiality and minimizing staff knowledge of service utilization, increasing staff capacity to meet students' needs and reduce discomfort, and finally partnering with students to disseminate information about service availability and promote utilization. A Toolkit, documenting these suggested strategies and recommendations, was developed and is currently being used to inform ongoing professional development for school staff across the district on how to connect young people to sexual health services. Lessons learned from this process are reported here as well as implications for other schools, districts, and the field.

Modeling the Determinants of Out-of-School Children in Pakistan

ABSTRACT It is well known that different socioeconomic, household sizes, school levels, and cultural factors are highly related to the problem of out-of-school children. The main objective of this study is to quantify the determinants of out-of-school children in Pakistan. For this study, the data are used from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) survey, collected for the year 2015–16. The children aged 6–16 years who are in or out of school are considered as a unit of the analysis. Unlike the previous studies that generally provide a theoretical framework or empirical investigation based on simple econometric models, this work used fixed and random effect models capable of accounting for the hierarchical structure present in the data. To assess the results’ reliability, the models’ predictive ability has also been tested and found satisfactory. The results reveal many important aspects of the current problem regarding disparities between gender, provinces, regions, and other variables used in the analysis. For example, parental education is highly significant and has a negative impact on out-of-school children at the province and region level for both boys and girls. In addition, income levels, child labor, household size, and residency are highly influential on the problem of out-of-school children. Therefore, the government should prioritize female education, especially in rural areas. The provision of monetary incentives and enforcement of a strict ban on child labor can reduce the problem under study.

Insights into parental perspectives: Children's eye care in Saudi Arabia.

Despite the concerning growth in the number of children with preventable or treatable causes of blindness, parents and/or children often do not notice many eye problems due to the lack of adequate knowledge about them. Considering the lack of updated relevant literature on this topic, this study aimed to gain insights into parental perspectives regarding children's eye health and the barriers that prevent them from promptly addressing these issues. A cross-sectional online survey was randomly distributed to Saudi parents of children aged 0-18 years from February 2022 to April 2022. A total of 1265 parents (mean age=36.10±10.043 years) completed the questionnaire, and 61.3% obtained high knowledge scores. The factors associated with high knowledge scores included an educational level above high school, employment in the healthcare industry, and having a child with an eye disease.Two-thirds of the parents did not take their children for periodic eye examinations. However, parents from the central region, healthcare workers, and those having a child with an eye disease were more likely to have their children's eyes checked regularly. Moreover, 40% of parents tended to believe that routine eye checkups were unnecessary if their children had seemingly normal eyes and no eye complaints.Concerning corrective spectacle use, parents from the northern region and those with an educational level of high school or less were more likely to reject it. Our findings also showed that 25% of parents believed that eyeglasses may limit their children's daily activities. Parental knowledge of children's eye care in Saudi Arabia was acceptable.

Analisis Kajian Sintaksis pada Buku Bahasa Indonesia Jenjang SD Kelas Bawah Terbitan Kemdikbudristek

Syntax material has been introduced when we enter elementary school, in Indonesian language lessons, especially at the lower grade elementary school level, they have learned grammar based on their level of understanding and ability. This is seen in their textbooks that have been analyzed. The purpose of this study is to describe Indonesian language materials related to syntax in lower grade elementary school textbooks. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection technique in the form of simak catat. The data source in this research is a lower grade elementary school textbook published by Kemendikbudristek. The results showed that in grade 1 students began to recognize material about words and sentences, in grade 2 students had material about sentence functions, active and passive sentences. Then in grade 3 there is material on prohibition sentences, suggestion sentences and question words.

Financial inclusion of vulnerable sectors with a gender perspective: risk analysis model with artificial intelligence based on complex thinking

The objective is to present a proposal for a gender-sensitive risk analysis model using artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of complex thinking that provides access to opportunities, specifically for vulnerable populations such as women from underprivileged sections. This international non-parametric study highlights the vulnerability of this population in Mexico through a sample of 2787 women. The methodological design included data analysis, the postulation of a proposed model, and a validation method for the credit risk analysis model. There is a correlation between the level of schooling of impoverished and vulnerable women with the possibility of self-employment and selling a product or service. In the framework of complex thinking, the perception of innovative thinking is related to the level of education and innovative decision-making in professional projects. Women with a higher level of schooling tend to think about their professional projects systematically. Promoting complex thinking involves innovative educational practices to encourage critical, systemic, scientific, and innovative thinking in entrepreneurship and sustainable development. Integrating reasoning for complexity benefits women and contributes to economic and social growth in vulnerable regions. In contrast to other models, our credit risk analysis model uses AI and variables for gender, vulnerability, and complex thinking to detect patterns in women's behaviors and attitudes in the venture start-up process. Our proposal is the starting point of many analyses to develop further about artificial intelligence based on complex thinking.

A COMPARISON OF RANDOM FOREST AND DOUBLE RANDOM FOREST: DROPOUT RATES OF MADRASAH STUDENTS IN INDONESIA

Random forest algorithm allows for building better CART models. However, the disadvantage of this method is often underfitting, especially for small node sizes. Therefore, the double random forest method was developed to overcome this problem. The research was conducted by utilising Education Management Information System (EMIS) data, which is related to the incidence of school dropout. The data used consists of 2 data, namely MTs and MA dropout data. The initial testing procedure was carried out using the random forest algorithm for each data set, then the data was evaluated using the double random forest method. From this study, the underfitting case can be overcome well using the double random forest algorithm, while in the fit case, the difference in the goodness-of-fit value of the model is relatively the same. The results obtained show that MTs prioritise school quality more than MA, although family factors are more important at the MA level. Although the total number of factors used is basically the same, it should be noted that the two school levels have different relevance variables. It should be noted that no forecasting was done in this study given that the methodology used two different types of data.

Direct-to-consumer semen analysis products: Content, accountability, and adherence to clinical guidelines.

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) semen analysis (SA) products obviate barriers that deter men from clinic testing and have made strides in providing higher quality data. However, it is unclear how well these products adhere to the 2021 WHO guidelines on examination and processing of human spermatozoa as they pertain to the evaluation of male fertility. We investigate the content and adherence to clinical guidelines associated with consumer-facing information on DTC analysis products. Google search terms "at-home sperm test" and "mail-in sperm test" were used to identify commercially available products. Products that were offered to providers or were designed for use after vasectomy were excluded. We determined which semen parameters each product offered; if it was validated in subfertile men and against an established semen analysis method; and if it provided guidance in accordance with the WHO 2021 guidelines and related AUA/ASRM guidelines. The accountability and esthetic appearance of content for each product were assessed using the Silberg accountability and modified Abbott's criteria, respectively. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid score. Descriptive statistics and two-tailed t-tests were used to compare characteristics, with p<0.05 as statistically significant. We identified 20 at-home (n=17) and mail-in (n=3) products. 85% of tests reported sperm concentration, with 60% and 15% of tests reporting motility and morphology, respectively. Fewer than half recommended men perform more than one test (40%), and none highlighted the need for partner evaluation. Only 25% were validated among subfertile men. Most tests lacked information on their credentials and sponsors, though were esthetically pleasing. Consumer-facing information on average required a high school level education for comprehension. DTC products inconsistently provide clinical recommendations in accordance with guidelines. Additionally, while product content is on average aesthetically appealing, it may lack accountability. Formal recommendations on the content and use of such products may improve their clinical integration.

Assessing Stakeholders Views on Factors Influencing Female Participation in Sporting Activities: A Case Study at Bia West District in the Western North Region of Ghana

Female students’ participation in sporting activities has been an issue across the globe typically in Africa. This is due to factors that affects their active participation in these sporting activities. However, there may be different views on the factors affecting female students participation in sporting activities and this study seek to bridge the gap by assessing stakeholders view on these factors. The purpose of this study was to examine stakeholders’ views on factors influencing female participation in sporting activities at the senior high school level in Bia West District. Quantitative descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 893 and purposive sampling technique was used to select all 893 participants for the study. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. One-way ANOVA and 3 x 3 Factorial ANOVA were used in analyzing the results. The results of the study revealed that, there exist differences in views between the stakeholders (P = 0.00&lt;0.05) with respect to factors influencing female students’ participation in sporting activities. The current study also revealed that, there is interaction among the three schools (p = 0.003) on their views with respect to factors influencing female students’ participation in sporting activities, however, there is no interactions among the stakeholders with their view with respect to the factors influencing female students’ participation in sporting activities (p = 0.12) . In addition, there exist no interaction between the schools and the stakeholders (p = 0.34). It is therefore recommended that stakeholders should be educated on the debilitating effect of misconceptions to help support female students to participate in sporting activities.

Determining the Role of Psychological Hardiness and Resilience in Predicting Psychological Differentiation in Secondary School Girls of Bandar Abbas City

Background: Considering the importance of mental abilities in continuing education in students, the present study was conducted to determine the role of psychological toughness and resilience in predicting the psychological differentiation of female students of the second level of high school in Bandar Abbas city. Methods: The current research method was a correlational description. The statistical population of the research was made up of all female students of second-secondary education in Bandar Abbas city in the academic year of 2024. Several 380 people were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. The research tools were Skorn and Friedlander's self-differentiation questionnaires, Kubasa's psychological toughness, and Connor and Davidson's resilience scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multivariate regression. Results: The results showed that psychological toughness (R = 0.23 &amp; P &lt; 0.01) and all its components and resilience (R = 0.26 &amp; P &lt; 0.01) and all its components have a positive and significant relationship with psychological differentiation in students. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that psychological toughness (β = 0.26 &amp; P &lt; 0.01) and resilience (β = 0.30 &amp; P &lt; 0.01) can positively and meaningfully predict differentiation in students. Conclusion: Using the results of this research and considering the identification of factors affecting differentiation, it is suggested to pay special attention to the field of increasing the characteristics of psychological toughness and resilience of students.

Systematic Literature Review: Pengaruh Model Inquiry Learning terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa SMP

This study aims to analyze the impact of the Inquiry Learning model on improving junior high school students' learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (IPA) through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Inquiry Learning is an innovative instructional model that emphasizes active student engagement in the learning process through exploration, investigation, and the discovery of concepts, both independently and collaboratively. This study collects and analyzes data from various journals, articles, and theses published within the last 10 years. The findings indicate that the Inquiry Learning model consistently has a positive impact on improving students' learning outcomes. The implementation of this model has been proven to enhance critical thinking skills, conceptual understanding, and students’ motivation to learn compared to conventional teaching methods. Factors such as the teacher’s role as a facilitator, the level of student engagement, and the support of the learning environment significantly contribute to the successful implementation of the Inquiry Learning model. Based on these findings, it is recommended that educators consider the broader application of the Inquiry Learning model to enhance the quality of science education at the junior high school level.

Peningkatan Pemahaman Guru Sekolah Indonesia Davao tentang Proyek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Melalui Pendampingan Pembelajaran Terstruktur

This community service aims to increase the understanding of Indonesian Davao School Teachers (SID) in the Philippines regarding the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5). Through an In House Training approach based on structured learning, this activity succeeded in increasing teachers' understanding of P5 implementation. The mentoring activities were attended by 20 teachers at SID from elementary, junior and senior high school levels. The results of the mentoring show that there is an increase in teacher understanding regarding the implementation of P5 in the Kurikulum Merdeka. This is shown by the increase in the results of the teacher pre-test and post-test at SID amounting to 25.33 with an n-gain of 0.39 in the medium category. This activity also identified the need for more specific and focused training to support the optimization of the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka. As a follow-up, this service will be directed at developing advanced training modules and providing project-based assessment assistance. In addition, collaboration with various parties will be strengthened to ensure program sustainability and improve the quality of learning that is more inclusive and meaningful. This activity is a strategic step in supporting the transformation of Indonesian school education abroad.

Penerapan Sekolah Ramah Anak Dalam Menanamkan Komunikasi Efektif Peserta Didik dan Guru di Sekolah Dasar

This study aims to analyze the implementation of child-friendly schools at the elementary school level, as a form of instilling effective communication between students and teachers. The method used in this study is a literature study by reviewing several scientific sources, journals, and articles. The implementation of child-friendly schools is a program that is aligned by the government in order to help with problems in the world of education so that a pleasant learning and teaching situation is created in the classroom. The results of the study show that implementing child-friendly schools can improve effective communication between teachers and students. This study shows the importance of implementing child-friendly schools as an effort to improve effective communication between teachers and students as a support for an exciting and enjoyable learning process.

Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Pendidikan di SMA Swasta Teladan Medan

Technology has become an essential need for various groups in everyday life, including in the world of education. Technology such as television and mobile phones play an important role in supporting students to develop technological skills. This research focuses on developing an educational information system at Teladan Medan Private High School which aims to manage student, teacher and learning data effectively. This information system is expected to be able to improve the management and use of technology in the teaching and learning process. The research method used is field research with a qualitative approach. This approach views the research object as an interrelated system and functions to describe the phenomena that exist at the research location, namely at SMAS Teladan Medan. The instruments used are adapted to field conditions, with the aim of obtaining reliable data. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of information technology in education, especially at the high school level.

Spatial reasoning of mathematics education students: an analysis of differences in solving hyperbola problems based on level of geometry ability

Introduction. The facts show that students at the school level still have low spatial reasoning abilities at the school level, but the spatial reasoning abilities of students at the university level are not yet known. The results of students' spatial reasoning abilities are not yet known, so it is necessary to carry out detailed research so that it can be understood more widely. The purpose of this research is to analyze how hyperbolic problem solving differs based on the level of student ability, so that students with high, medium and low ability can be described more specifically at each step of problem solving. Study participants and methods. The subjects in this research were undergraduate students in the mathematics education study program at the Institut Pendidikan Tapanuli Selatan, Indonesia, who were determined using purposive sampling on the condition that they had taken analytical geometry courses. The research subjects selected were 3 students, each of whom had high ability with a score of 95, medium ability with a score of 85 and low ability with a score of 73 who were tested with a geometric ability test. The results of solving hyperbolic problems refer to indicators of spatial reasoning. Hyperbola problem solving data is analyzed based on the level of geometric ability with stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research method is a qualitative descriptive research method with a single case design. Results. First, subjects with high geometric abilities based on analysis of spatial reasoning indicators, namely spatial visualization, mental rotation, and spatial orientation, have good problem-solving skills with an average achievement of 92.4.In spatial reasoning on hyperbolic objects, starting from the steps to understand the problem and planning a solution based on the problem, as well as carrying out the solution and evaluating the solution, there is no difficulty in solving the hyperbolic problem. Second, subjects with moderate geometric abilities based on analysis of spatial visualization abilities, mental rotation, and spatial orientation have good learning achievements, which are also shown based on spatial reasoning indicators. It is known that the average problem-solving ability for moderate geometry is 84.83. Third, subjects with low geometric ability based on analysis of spatial visualization ability, mental rotation, and spatial orientation showed poor performance, with the average achievement of problem solving with low geometric ability being 73.2. Conclusion. This research describes how the ability to solve hyperbola problems differs based on the level of geometric ability. The results of this research provide a basic description that can be used to show differences in hyperbola problem solving abilities from the four steps based on high, medium and low geometric abilities.