Level Of Public Participation Research Articles

Efficacy of Citizens’ Participation in Strategic Planning towards Adaptation to Climate Risk: Evidence from Densely Populated Emerging Urban Centres

Poor electricity supply is a dismal feature of densely populated cities. Within especially developing countries (DCs), this situation prompts consideration for human intervention, such as the use of candles, lanterns and stand-by generators, all of which are major drivers of climate change by the emission of CO (Carbon II Oxide) into the atmosphere. Evidently, the adverse climatic effects such as flooding, hurricane and urban heat—have set-forth extant academic debates. Still, adaptation in densely populated cities within the DCs is surrounded by many uncertainties. This study answers the most fundamental question which is: how are people living in densely populated cities able to adapt to the climate risk induced by using alternative electricity sources? Grounded on the theory of resource-based view (RBV), the study integrates strategic planning techniques into climate risk adaptation, through a survey conducted around three most populated locations in Enugu metropolis of Nigeria. The results indicate a good knowledge of climate change within the area, although the level of public participation in urban development efforts and climate change adaptation remained poor. We argue that much improvement in awareness and compliance to climate risk adaptation will occur in the DCs if more people are involved in the strategic policy and planning process. This study thus reinforces the existence of climate risk in the area, enables increased public participation in policy formulation, simplifies the present complex process in the delivery of urban development goals, and supports achieving the goal of building a society resilient to climate risk.

CURRENT STATE OF TRANSPARENCY OF PUBLIC FINANCES OF UKRAINE

Transparency in public finances is one of the main features of a mature democratic society, as well as one of the main tools for reducing corruption in the country. The level of transparency in the formation and use of budget funds at the state and local levels affects the effectiveness of financial policy in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to determine the current state of transparency in the formation of the state budget of Ukraine. The article conducted a comprehensive study of the level of transparency of public finances at the macro level. The dynamics of changes in the qualitative level of transparency of legislative and executive bodies during the period of Ukraine's participation in the international organization of monitoring the publicity of the government before the public is analyzed. In particular, the authors analyzed the dynamics of the budget openness index in comparison with other countries and the integrated assessment of budget transparency for the period from 2008 to 2019. In addition, the level of public participation in budget formation at different stages of the budget process was studied. There is a positive trend of improving the level of openness of public authorities in Ukraine in the formation and use of public finances. This, in turn, is part of a global trend. The article presents a description of the main documents that serve as indicators of informing the public about the state of the budget, the level of its implementation, the formation of the budget for future periods and the budget process in general. It is determined that the system of transparent and accessible public accountability for the formation and use of public finances has not been formed yet. The results of the study can be the basis for developing measures to increase the level of transparency of public authorities in Ukraine. According to the study, a high level of transparency becomes the basis for public support for the government, provided that the government does not abuse its powers, or conversely becomes an incentive for active public participation in political and economic life to improve or change government. According to the results of the research, a system of measures of priority importance is proposed.

The Composite Assessment of River Performance viewed from Function, Structure, Public Participation and Government Regulation

River performance is a quantitative representation showing fairly good, requiring maintenance- or damaged conditions. The assessment is conducted to implement the maintenance with appropriate management. It is the manifestation of government, stakeholders, and community’s anticipation to conduct repairing and maintenance before the damage occurring. The criterion of assessment is expressed in percentage. The case study in Pepe Baru River of Surakarta was conducted by designing the assessment of condition viewed from function, structure, public participation, and government regulation aspects. Indicator weighing was conducted using ANP ( Analytic Network Process ) method with Super Decision Beta software. The assessment of these components resulted in field weight. The assessment of function using Hec-Ras software, Structure aspect with visual observation, Public participation level was conducted using questionnaire distributed to the society with Guttman, Linkert scale method, and assessment according to government regulation. From the result of analysis, it could be found the indicator weight and field weight, so that the assessment of river performance was obtained. The result of performance assessment with 80%-100% score was categorized into good, 50%-79% into fair, and 0%-45% into poor. Considering the result of analysis on the performance analysis, it could be found the score of 74% indicating fair condition and the maintenance was required to improve the performance.

Drivers of Non-Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) with Evidence to Malaysia’s MRT Project

The big scale project always involves a large number of parties and stakeholder which might trigger a lot of issues. The study identified a level of public participation in Arnstein’s ladder of participation and also identified several of issues of public participation. However, this paper focuses on the Non-participation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) process through eight rung of Arnstein’s ladder of participation. The main objective of this study to identify the influencer of low level of public participation in Malaysia. The single case study has been used in this paper. This paper is also based on secondary data collection and primary data collection from qualitative method. The result of the study lead on the drivers of non-participation in EIA’s public engagement for Malaysia’s MRT project.

ANALISA PEMBANGUNAN PARTISIPATIF DALAM MUSRENBANG-DES TAHUN 2017 DI GAMPONG PANGGONG KECAMATAN JOHAN PAHLAWAN KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

This research aims to find out how the implementation of participatory development and to know the factors that affect public participation Gampong Panggong subdistrict of West Aceh Regency Hero Johan. Methods used in this research is descriptive qualitative method where data is taken from interviews, field notes, documents, memos and other documents to get the proper interpretation. The results showed that overall the participatory development implemetasi in Gampong Panggong subdistrict of Aceh Heroes Baratmasih Johan less good, in this case only a part of the community that are involved in the planning development. This is due to social and economic factors which the community at large as a fisherman so just focus on the fulfillment of survival. In addition the implementation of planning construction of Gampong Panggong subdistrict of West Aceh Regency Hero Johan. dietemukannya multiple factors that affect the level of public participation in the planning of development in Gampong Panggong is the factor endowments include presence awareness, public participation, and support from the Government and society. While restricting factors include poor quality of education, low income levels, limited employment and diperdesaan.Keywords: Implemetasi, Participatory development

แนวทางการจัดทำแผนแม่บทชุมชนต่อการอนุรักษ์ระบบนิเวศ ภูมิปัญญาและการใช้ประโยชน์จากทรัพยากรธรรมชาติในพื้นที่ป่าต้นน้าขมึน โดยเน้นกระบวนการมีส่วนร่วม (Guidelines for Community Master Plan on Ecological Conservation, Wisdom and Utilization of Natural Resources in Kha-Muen Watershed Area By Focusing on the Participatory Process)

Thai Abstract: การวจยครงนมวตถประสงค 1) เพอศกษาระดบการมสวนรวมของประชาชนในชมชนตอการอนรกษระบบนเวศภมปญ ญาและการใชประโยชนจากทรพยากรธรรมชาตในพนทปาตนนาขมน เกบขอมลวจยเชงปรมาณโดยใชแบบสอบถามจากกลมตวอยางทไดจากตารางของ Krejci & Morgan ทระดบความคลาดเคลอน .05 ไดขนาดกลมตวอยาง จ านวน 383 คน และน ามาวเคราะหหาคาสถต ไดแก คาเฉลย สวนเบยงเบนมาตรฐาน และ 2) เพอศกษาแนวทางการจดท าแผนแมบทชมชนตอการอนรก ษระบบนเวศ ภมป ญ ญาและการใชป ระโยชนจากทรพ ยากรธรรมชาตใ นพน ทปาตนนาขมน เกบ ขอ มลวจย เชง คณภาพ ใชวธ การสนทนากลม จากกลมตว อยางสมแบบเจาะจง ทง 3 กลมจ านวน 45 คน และน ามาวเคราะหเชงเนอหา ผลการวจยพบวา 1. ระดบการมสวนรวมของประชาชนในชมชนตอการอนรก ษระบบนเวศภมป ญ ญาและการใชป ระโยชนจากทรพ ยากรธรรมชาตใ นพน ทป าตนนาขมน โดยรวมอยในระดบมาก เมอ พจ ารณาเปนรายดา นดา นทม ค าเฉลย สง สด คอ ประชาชนมส วนรวมเขา ประชมเสนอปญ หาและตองการของชมชน ในการอนรกษทรพยากรธรรมชาตในพนทปาตนนาขมน รองลงมาคอ ประชาชนมสวนรวมในการรบผลประโยชนรวมจากกจ กรรมการอนรก ษทรพ ยากรธรรมชาต ในบรเ วณพน ทป าตนนาขมน และประชาชนมสวนรวมตดตามกจกรรมและโครงการอนรกษทรพยากรธรรมชาตและสงแวดลอมตางๆ ในบรเวณพนทปา ตน นาขมน ตามล าดบ2. แนวทางการจดทาแผนแมบทชมชนตอการอนรกษระบบนเวศ ภมปญ ญาและการใชประโยชนจากทรพ ยากรธรรมชาตใ นพน ทป า ตน นาขมน พบวา จากการเกบ รวบรวมขอ มลดว ยการสนทนากลม ผานผใ หข อ มลทง 3กลม เพอวเคราะหศกยภาพชมชน ทสะทอนใหเหนถงจดแขง จดออน โอกาส และขอจ ากด ทน ามาสการก าหนดเปนวสยทศน ยทธศาสตร มาตรการ แผนงาน โครงการ กจกรรม ไดมการยกแผนแมบทฉบบราง จากการระดมความ คดเหน โดยมแนวทางการด าเนนงานจดตงคณะท างานตวแทนหมบานละ 2 คน จากทประชม เชญทปรกษาผอาวโสของต าบลมาใหขอคดเหนและขอเสนอแนะ จากนนไดน าแผนแมบทชมชนฉบบรางเขาสภา เพอใหผน าและตวแทนพจารณาความถกตองสมบรณ พรอมไดก าหนดผรบผดชอบตามยทธศาสตร ดงน 1) ยทธศาสตรความรวมมอรวมใจของคนในชมชน 2) ยทธศาสตรการอนรกษระบบนเวศและทรพยากรธรรมชาตในพนทปาตนนาขมน และ 3)ยทธศาสตรการสงเสรมกระบวนการเรยนรของชมชน เรยงตามล าดบความส าคญกอนหลง และไดน าเขาบรรจในแผนพฒนาต าบลของเทศบาลต าบลเนนเพม เปนแผนพฒนาตอไป English Abstract: This research aims to 1) Study levels of participation of people in the community toward the wisdom ecosystem preservation and benefit taking from natural resources in Ton Nam Khamin forest area. The quantitative data collection is done by distribution of survey to the samplings deriving from Krejci& Morgan in which its error level equals to .05. The size of sample groups contains 383 people. The data is analyzed for finding statistic value i.e. mean, and standard deviation. 2) Study ways to make a community master plan on the wisdom ecosystem preservation and benefit taking from natural resources in Ton Nam Khamin forest area. The qualitative data is done by having a group interview with the purposive samplings of 3 groups for 45 people. The data is taken to be in a content analysis and the results found that: 1. The level of public participation in the community on ecological conservation, wisdom and utilization of natural resources in the upstream forest area Overall, it was at a high level. Namely, people participating in meetings, proposing problems and needs of the community In the conservation of natural resources in the upstream forest areas, followed by the people participating in the mutual benefit from natural resource conservation activities In the upstream forest area and people participate in monitoring activities and various natural and environmental conservation projects in the upstream forest area respectively. 2. Ways to make a community master plan on the wisdom ecosystem preservation and benefit taking from natural resources in Ton Nam Khamin forest area demonstrate that according from the 3 groups of samplings for analyzing community efficiency reflecting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and limitations, these later have become visions, strategies, policies, plans, projects, and activities. There is a draft of master plan from the brain storming in having 2 representatives from each village, and also senior counselors from each sub-district to give advice and suggestions. Then this draft of mater plan should be taken to council in order for leaders and representative to consider its completion and correctness. Moreover, there are responsible persons taking in charge of strategies as in the following items-1) Strategy in community participation 2) Strategy in ecosystem and natural resources preservation in the Ton Khamin forest area, and 3) Strategy in promoting community learning by knowing priorities as well as learning how to attach knowledge gained to sub-district development plan of Noen Poem Sub-district Municipality for becoming a development plan in the future.

Analisis Persepsi Dan Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Pengelolaan Mangrove Berkelanjutan

Mangrove forests produce environmental services is a very important role for the community around it as well as the community outside of the mangrove forest, adanya forest management programs implemented by the Government of the mangrove in the preserve sustainable mangrove forests in the town of Sorong. This is evidenced by a factor of education and income are very berpegaruh towards the level of participation, so that the involvement of the respondent are very helpful in the conservation of mangrove forests. Based on the analysis of the Chi square obtained the results that count amounted to 36.43 X2 is greater than X2 table 28.29 at 0.01 significant degree it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and the Ha are received. This means there is a real relationship between the level of public participation by education level of the respondents. Participation rates based on income, obtained the results that count of 31.35 X2 is greater than X2 table 28.29 on significant value of 0.01 degrees degrees of freedom 16. It can be concluded that H0 is rejected and the Ha are received.

PARTISIPASI PUBLIK DAN KETERBUKAAN INFORMASI DALAM PENYUSUNAN KEBIJAKAN

Public participation can be understood as activities undertaken to affect public policy formation process. Public participation is important to ensure that any policy that produced not only benefit certain people, but also a positive impact on society. The process can be performed through the stages of agenda setting, policy formulation and implementation. This paper is about to describe the transformation of society prevailing in Aceh after the peace agreement. Review of the literature of choice in this paper, which is supported by a wide range of documents related to public participation, freedom of public information, and peace building. The results of this study indicate that public participation in policy formation in Aceh have ups and downs. Post-signatories to the peace agreement, the level of public participation is very good especially in the establishment of the Law on Governing Aceh and Aceh Qanun number. Next, in 2009-2014 public participation in policy formation decreased. Furthermore, the level of public participation in policy formation is determined by freedom of public information.

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND INTEREST IN THE PROCESS OF LATVIAN STATE ADMINISTRATION

Democratic state administration needs interaction with the public, which requires not only government communication with the public but also the public interest and understanding in the political and public administration processes. The task of public administration is to create a legal and institutional framework and mechanisms for public participation, while NGOs and the general public need civil competency to use the opportunities of public participation. Analysing the Latvian government's communication activities related to public participation and public awareness, the aim of this paper is to examine the level of participation of different social groups and the impact of their awareness on it. Within the framework of the research, the following methods have been used: analysis of normative documents, statistics on the implementation of the Memorandum of cooperation between the government and non-governmental organizations, interviews with experts from NGOs and state administration, focus group discussions with young people. Analysing legal documents and statistics on the involvement of NGOs, public participation platforms and their use have been evaluated. Based on the views of NGOs and state administration experts, there are certain factors that influence the level of public participation and public awareness. Focus group discussions with young people have identified their awareness and interest in public administration processes as well as their civic participation. The research study found that the state administration has created a variety of platforms for the involvement of NGOs in decision-making processes and an increase in the participation of NGOs. By choosing young people as one of the social groups of society, it can be concluded that information about public participation does not reach the general public, thus it has little effect on the formation of the general public's awareness and the level of participation.

IMPLEMENTASI ANGGARAN DESA DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEMBANGUNAN DESA (SUATU PENELITIAN DI GAMPONG LAMDINGIN KOTA BANDA ACEH)

The research with the title” village budget implementation in an effort to boost the development of the village” ( The research is implemented in Gampong Lamdingin banda Aceh) with the intention of budget implementation process in order to improve the development of the village toward Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh. This research used qualitative descriptive method, by doing an observation and interview with Keuchik Gampong Lamdingin Banda aceh as the data collection techniques interviews. Within this research, the researcher found that the budget execution process as an effort to boost rural development have done well and transparently, with an open attitude toward the public, and develop the village by way of mutual cooperation and word together with the people in the village. The high level of public participation in the effort to build the village, such as giving money, giving the treasure that is beneficial to the village of mutual interest, as well as contribute ideas to the village for the progress of the village. So with uneven infrastucture development and performance of theapparatus Gampong pro people can improve the gampong development, especially in this case Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh.“Village Budget Implementation in an Effort to Boost Rural Development” Study Case In Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh. The research with the title “Village budget implementation in an effort to boost the development of the Village”( Study Case in Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh) with the intention of budget implementation process in order to improve the development of the village toward Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh. This research used qualitative descriptive method. By doing an observation and interviews with Keuchik Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh as the data collection techniques. Within this research, the researcher found that the budget execution process as an effort to boost rural development have done well and transparently, with an open attitude towards the public, and develop the village by way of mutual cooperation and work together with the people in the village. The high level of public participation in the effort to build the village, such as giving money, giving the treasure that is beneficial to the village of mutual interest, as well as contribute ideas to the village for the progress of the village. So with uneven infrastucture development and performance of the apparatus Gampong pro people can improve the Gampong development, especially in this case Gampong Lamdingin Banda Aceh.

Impact of Political Connections on Corporate Environmental Performance: From a Green Development Perspective

Employing a sample consisting of Chinese A-share listed companies, this study carries out an empirical research to investigate the influence path of political connections on enterprise environmental performance. The results show a strong positive association between political connections and corporate environmental performance, and green technology innovation plays the mediating role between them. In addition, public participation negatively moderates the relationship between political connections and corporate environmental performance. When the level of public participation is higher, the relationship between political connections and corporate environmental performance becomes weaker.

A perceção dos stakeholders sobre o desenvolvimento turístico - o caso da ilha de São Miguel, Açores

Tourism in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, and especially in the island of Sao Miguel, has suffered in recent years a significant increase with repercussions on economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts. Strategic planning of the activity becomes even more challenging in small island territories. In this context, the present study aims to know the perceptions of different stakeholders about the impacts of tourism development; the identification of the main drivers of the competitiveness of the destination; and the characterization of the level of involvement and participation of local stakeholders in the planning process. Methodologically, we chose semi-directive interviews and content analysis from a sample of stakeholders from the island of S. Miguel. The results show that the positive economic impacts are the most noticeable, as one would expect in a destination in the growth phase, and a level of public participation still scarce.

Public Participation in Decision-making Processes: Concepts and Tools

Public participation is the tool of the government to gather citizens or customers’ information in order to increase performance and respond their needs and expectations. Public participation in decision-making processes enhances citizen’s income, security, and self-esteem. This paper identifies the concepts and levels of public participation in decision-making processes. In addition, this paper presents participation tools used by government to facilitate citizen involvement. Thus, increasing public participation in government decision-making has become a large component for government administration especially in early stage before major decisions are made.

Residential Energy Sustainability in China and Germany: The Impact of National Energy Policy System

The energy consumption and carbon emission of Chinese households is growing rapidly and will continue to do so for the near future. Currently, Chinese energy policies mainly focus on the industrial sector instead of the residential sector. Among industrialized countries, Germany has performed relatively well in the residential sector, which can provide valuable lessons for China. This paper investigates the policy-making, implementation, and resulting patterns of Chinese and German residential energy policies from a multi-level perspective. The policy system study provides a holistic view over the factors influencing residential energy sustainability. The main findings are: (1) the German residential energy policy system follows a hybrid policy model, combining top-down and bottom-up policy designs, with more demand-side or market-oriented policies, and a high level of public participation, resulting in remarkable headway toward sustainability in the residential energy sector; and (2) the Chinese energy policy system is characterized by top-down, supply-side oriented market policies with limited public participation. The policy implication of this study for China is to shift its top-down policy paradigm to a hybrid policy model that facilitates public participation in the residential energy sector.

Prioritizing the Sustainability Objectives of Major Public Projects in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

The relatively low level of sustainability of major public projects has been subject to criticism by the community, increasing the pressure to incorporate the concept throughout the project lifecycle and the importance of understanding the perceptions of affected groups. The study undertook this task by compiling a list from the literature of the sustainability concerns that are associated with major public projects from their economic–social–environmental implications, identifying the relevant stakeholder groups in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and their levels of influence by interviews, and evaluating various sustainability objectives from a multi-stakeholder perspective via a questionnaire survey. The results were validated through a series of interviews with purposively selected experts. The study findings indicate the need for more consideration of social concerns in Guangdong province, the proper levels of public participation in Hong Kong in order to avoid excessive interruptions to the pace of project procurement, and that Macao may have to experience a relatively slow development of construction in order to balance the social/environmental requirements that are involved. These findings contribute to both the government and construction industry at large in delivering economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable major public projects in the Bay Area and China as a whole.

How much is enough? Approaches to public participation in shale gas regulation across England, France, and Algeria

We examine ‘fracking’ for shale gas extraction in England, France, and Algeria, framed from the perspective of level of acceptance by communities and general public. We explore the extent to which public participation in decision-making should play a role in fracking regulation, and evaluate whether the level of public participation matches the legal requirements. Our position on the adequacy of fracking regulation is from the perspective of the public dissenter, outlining a legal and normative basis for public participation in decision-making on fracking. We highlight relevant laws and policies to understand and evaluate adequacy of relevant regulatory processes.We offer strong yet nuanced argumentation, creating space for further discussion by academics, the public, regulators, local decision-makers, fracking companies and others. This is not a typical social-psychology, legal, sociology, or human geography research paper, as we take a position from the beginning: that the public ought to be involved in decisions related to the regulation of fracking, and argue that we validate our approach by supporting our claims throughout the work.

Role of Political Education in Improving Public Participation in Election: The Case ofWest Sumatera Governor Election

This article describes the role of political education to improve public participation in the election of West Sumatra governor. The governor election is expected to be able to raise the level ofoptimism in order to improve the leadership qualities of local government, and the spirit of political education for citizen. This study applied descriptive qualitative method by using interviews and documentations as research instruments. Based on the documentation instrument, it showed the statistics of permanent voters who voted in the 2015 for governor election was 59.58% or 3,489,743 permanent voters. It was implied that 40.42% or 1,410,680 voters did not take their votes. This low level of public participation could be a sign that democracy has not effectively been implemented at the local level. The researchers concluded that the socialization activities of Governor election, as one of responsibilities of General Election Commission, have failed to increase the political awareness of the society.

Palestinian NGOs: External Governance, Stakeholders, and Accountability

This article addresses nongovernment organizations (NGOs) accountability, relationship with stakeholders, and what kind of mechanisms - tools or processes have NGOs put in place to ensure all types of accountabilities. The assumption in this study is that Palestinian NGOs, individually and collectively, are more accountable to their donors and to the Palestinian Authority to a lesser extent as NGOs need these two which are the only stakeholders with a real power to exercise on the NGOs and enforce their accountability requirements. The research argues that stakeholders’ power is therefore determining NGO accountability. The findings highlighted the failure of NGOs in meeting the most pressing needs of the public and the poor in particular. The upward-accountability also signals of the sector’s inability to consolidate its legitimacy or define an agenda or develop down-ward accountability. On top of that, political parties’ involvement in the non-profit organizations is another factor that has compounded the sector’s lack of public accountability, negative competitiveness, fragmentation, self-serving leadership, and exploitation as a substitute of political arena. In NGOs’ opinion, the relationships to various stakeholders range from satisfactory to good especially where the PA, foreign donors, and political factions are concerned. The PA’s hostility towards NGOs stems from suspicion of their political or donor affiliations and NGOs critique of PA policies and performance. However, NGOs accountability flows towards two powerful external stakeholders, the donors and the PA. Consequently, the NGOs are more concerned with upward accountability than with down-ward ones such as to the general public and the non-profit sector as a whole. Finally, NGOs accountability dilemma is both a cause and a result of low level of public participation in NGOs affairs due to public’s lack of trust and the general feeling that NGOs are distant, self-absorbed, and wasting foreign funds on activities lacking sufficient relevance to actual needs. This conclusion based on huge investigation, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, survey, interview, focus groups in the West Bank, gathering huge data to build a theory from the field.

Analisis Partisipasi Masyarakat Terhadap Implementasi Perencanaan Strategis Di Kecamatan Rappocini - Kota Makassar (Analysis Of Public Participation To The Strategic Planning Implementation In Rappocini District - Makassar City)

Based on the spirit of reform required a fundamental change in improving the welfare of society widely, it needs empowerment and support community involvement in development planning and implementation. Top-down development of paradigm in the centralized Orde Baru regime immediately changed with the issuance of Constitution No. 25 in 2004 about National Development Planning System, with the strengthening of aspiration and inclusion of stakeholders from the lowest level to the highest level. In order to optimize the implementation of development, one way that must be taken is strategic planning. During the 10 years of implementation, we need to know the extent to where public participation in the activity today. Therefore through this paper, the research objectives formulated to determine how public participation in the implementation of the strategic plan. This study also determined descriptive method study using a quantitative approach. And, by taking the locus of research in the Rappocini district, Makassar, it obtained analysis results that the level of public participation is relative to be good enough to the planning and implementation of strategic planning, but in terms of maintenance tends, it has the opposite results. In anticipation of these terms, it needs persuasive approaches to encourage more optimal public confidence in supporting the implementation of the development.

Determinants of environmental public participation in China: an aggregate level study based on political opportunity theory and post-materialist values theory

ABSTRACTThe level of public participation in response to environmental issues in China has significantly increased over the past 10 years. This expansion of participation occurred as the government was pursuing legislative and regulatory approaches to address environmental pollution. Factors contributing to the development of environmental public participation are explored based on the political opportunity theory and post-materialist values theory. Two participation styles are used as dependent variables in a panel data framework. The empirical results of an analysis of provincial level data indicate that the degree of openness to participation and economic development level show consistently significant impacts on the levels of different environmental participation styles, thus demonstrating the applicability of the political opportunity theory and Inglehart’s post-materialist values theory in predicting environmental public participation in China. The results also show that other variables, including educational level and environmental pollution level have different or even reverse effects depending on the form of participation examined. In general, the results are consistent with cross-national studies of environmental policy development and political participation.