Starting with the premise that sub-team psychological safety microclimates are important to team behavior and invisible to current team-level psychological safety concepts and measures, we introduce a multilevel view of psychological safety within work teams. We develop a theory of how whole-team and sub-team psychological safety influence team functioning and development. Using social network models of theoretical teams, we illustrate the presence and influence of distinct psychological safety microclimates within a team, including incongruities between sub- and whole-team safety climates. For example psychologically safe sub-teams can be hidden within unsafe teams, and these sub-teams may be responsible for significant aspects of team learning and performance. We propose that theorizing and measuring multiple levels of psychological safety in work teams, including pockets of (un)safety that contradict intact team dynamics complements Edmondson's intact team psychological safety concept and measures. Ena...
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