Levels Of Psychological Health Research Articles

ПОКАЗНИКИ ПСИХІЧНОГО ТА СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ ПІД ЧАС ВІЙНИ

Purpose. The article is dedicated to the investigation of psychological and mental health of students of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University in the war-time. The topicality of the research problem concerns the nature of mental, psychological and social health. The human health as a condition of physical, mental and social well-being is considered from the perspective of the holistic approach. The current state of mental and social health of education seekers in modern conditions determine the relevance of our research. Psychological health is an important component of a person’s social well-being and vitality. Methods. Empirical methods were chosen for the research. The processing of the results of the empirical research was carried out using the calculation of the percentage of people with respect to the levels of manifestation of the selected signs of mental and social health, followed by a qualitative interpretation and meaningful generalization of the data. Results. It is empirically proved that the level of mental health of some students is quite low and only a small part of youth has no social anxiety disorder. Over half of the students have high and above average indicators, but a certain number of students have clinical implications of social anxiety disorder. Subclinical and clinical implications of anxiety are typical for the quarter of students of the 1–3 years of study of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. The third of them has subclinical and clinical implications of depression. Conclusions. The obtained results testify to the recorded indicators of the level of psychological health of the students of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. This is a hint about those aspects of psychological health that require special attention in preventive work with students of higher education by the Psychological Service of Oles Honchar DNU. In the conditions of war, the Psychological Service continues to provide psychological help to the participants of the educational process of our higher education institution, focusing on new requests under new conditions.

The potential association of COVID-19 and Psychological Distress and Anxiety in Iran

Objective: COVID-19 prevalence is a new and serious threat to public health. The disease has had an impact on nearly every important economic, political, social, and even military aspect of many countries around the world. As a result, the psychological effects of this viral disease on different levels of society's psychological health are critical, necessitating scientific research. This study looked into the possible link between COVID-19 and psychological distress and anxiety in Iran.Methods: The first large-scale global study of psychological distress and anxiety in public society, this cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study was based on the participation of people from some Asian countries during the COVID-19 epidemic. Only the results from Iran were presented in this article. This study had 1480 participants and used a standard questionnaire called the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82.Results: It was discovered that 1171 (79%) of the participants were female, while 309 (21%) were male. The CPDI Questionnaire yielded a mean score of 54.16±6.13. There was a significant relationship (p=0.0002) between age group and total score of psychological distress and anxiety. The findings revealed a link between anxiety variables and education (p = 0.0001), monthly income (p = 0.008), and gender (p = 0.019).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the majority of study participants were in an unfavorable psychological distress and anxiety situation.

Multi-Dimensional Dynamics of Psychological Health Disparities under the COVID-19 in Japan: Fairness/Justice in Socio-Economic and Ethico-Political Factors.

This article addresses citizens' psychological health disparities in pandemic-stricken Japan from the perspective of positive psychology with a collective/political perspective. Our analysis of three internet surveys in 2020 and 2021 in Japan indicates most people's well-being declined continuously during this period, while some people's well-being increased. As previous studies of health inequality proved about physical health, the objective income/assets level has influenced psychological inequality. This paper demonstrated this relation in Japan, although it is often mentioned as an egalitarian country with comparatively better health conditions. Moreover, psychological levels and changes have been associated with biological, natural environmental, cultural, and social factors. Social factors include economic, societal-community, and political factors, such as income/assets, stratification, general trust, and fairness/justice. Accordingly, multi-dimensional disparities are related to psychological health disparity; tackling the disparities along the multi-layered strata is desirable. Furthermore, subjective perception of fairness/justice is significantly associated with the level of psychological health and mitigating its decrease. Thus, fairness and justice are found to be dynamic and protective factors against the decline of psychological health. While relatively little literature on health inequality analyzes fairness/justice philosophically, this paper highlights these together with income/assets by clarifying the significance of multi-dimensional factors: natural environmental, cultural, socioeconomic, and political.

Specifics of the Mental Component of the Quality of Life of Almaty Doctors in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Today, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, as a result of their professional activities, Kazakhstani medical workers experience a significant burden, which can lead to a rapid depletion of their psychoemotional resources. The purpose of this paper was to study the characteristics of the psychological component of the quality of life of Almaty doctors of practical healthcare. <strong>Methods:</strong> The assessment of the psychological component of the quality of life was carried out using the standardised questionnaire SF-36 (Mental Component Summary). Data collection was carried out in September 2020 in Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, using the Google-Forms. The study involved 108 medical workers (65 women and 43 men) providing inpatient and outpatient care. To measure the reliability of factors that determine psychological health, the authors used the Spearman rank correlation analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> The Role-Emotional indicator correlates with the nationality of doctors (p = 0.005), and the presence of children in the family (p = 0.044). A statistically significant relationship between the Mental Health indicator and the living conditions of doctors was determined (p = 0.014). The relationship between Social Functioning and the nationality factor was revealed (p = 0.027). Vitality has a statistically significant relationship with the age of doctors (p = 0.043). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The indicators of the psychological component of the quality of life of Almaty doctors depend (statistically) on such personal factors as: age, nationality, the presence of children in the family, and housing conditions. In the future, it is planned to conduct further assessment of the dynamics of the level of psychological health of medical workers and the factors determining it.

Resilience Enhancement Online Training for Nurses (REsOluTioN): Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundGlobally, nurses are facing increased pressure to provide high-quality complex patient care within environments with scarce resources in terms of staffing, infrastructure, or financial reward. The strain and demand on the psychological health and well-being of nurses during COVID-19 has been substantial, with many experiencing burnout; as such, interventions to enhance resilience within the workplace are required. A face-to-face resilience enhancement training program for nurses that was effective in improving resilience levels was translated into a 4-week online training program, Resilience Enhancement Online Training for Nurses (REsOluTioN), to enable greater accessibility for nurses.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare levels of resilience, psychological health, and well-being in nurses before and after the online resilience training compared to a wait list control group. It will also explore participants’ engagement with the trial and their acceptability of the online training.MethodsThis is a two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial with a 6-week follow-up period. Up to 100 registered nonagency nurses working at a National Health Service hospital trust in South England will be recruited. Four cohorts will run, and participants will be randomized into a wait list control group or to REsOluTioN. Pre- and postonline surveys will collect study outcome measure data. In the REsOluTioN arm, data will be collected on the perceived usefulness of the online training via an online survey. Institutional and health research authority approvals have been obtained.ResultsREsOluTioN will aim to empower nurses to maintain and enhance their resilience while working under challenging clinical conditions. The online training will be interactive with input from mentors, health care leaders, and peers to promote engagement and enhanced communication, and will create a forum where nurses can express their views and concerns, without hierarchical infrastructures inhibiting them. This can increase self-knowledge and learning around workplace resilience coping strategies and provide a safe space to validate feelings through mentorship and peer support. Findings will be reported in accordance with the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines. The trial is now finished and was conducted between August 2021 and May 2022.ConclusionsThe REsOluTioN trial will enable preliminary data to be gathered to indicate the online training’s effectiveness in enhancing nurses’ resilience in the workplace, with the potential for larger scale follow-up studies to identify its value to nurses working across a range of health care settings.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05074563; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05074563International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/37015

The impact of local colleges' interference in middle school students' family psychological intervention on the psychological health status of students learning at home - a case study of northern Guangdong.

Using college psychological resources, this paper attempts to intervene in the family psychology of middle school students learning at home during the epidemic in northern Guangdong. Focusing on the impact of family system on the psychological health status of middle school students learning at home, it provides reference for targeted family psychological intervention and treatment of students. The "Psychological Health Survey Questions for Middle School Students Learning at Home during the Epidemic" was compiled to conduct a class-based random sampling survey of primary and secondary schools in northern Guangdong. Family psychological intervention is provided for key groups. (1) The middle school students' psychological health level was above average on the whole, but with great individual differences. (2) Families have a significant impact on students' psychological health, among which parents' occupation, family integrity, family economy, family atmosphere, and the number of children in the family all exert a significant impact on middle school students' psychological health. (3) Stepwise regression analysis reveals that the six factors of gender, grade, ethnicity and place of residence, family economy and atmosphere in the family environment system are included in the regression equation, explaining 11.6% of middle school students' psychological health. (4) Family psychological intervention significantly improves middle school students' psychological health. Local colleges' interference in middle school students' family psychological intervention can effectively improve psychological health of middle school students learning at home. Society, families and schools should value family psychological construction, and effectively unite social forces to jointly promote students' psychological health.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Individual Differences in Psychological Occupational Therapy Intervention Guided by the Realization of Occupational Values.

As the competition between enterprises intensifies, employees have witnessed a decline of psychological health year by year and severe anxiety and depression. To ensure the normal work of employees, it is important to implement psychological occupational therapy intervention (POTI). The previous studies on corporate occupational values focus on the behavioral variables and attitude variables related to occupations. The research paradigm does not suit a specific group of employees. Therefore, this paper explores the individual differences in POTI guided by the realization of occupational values. For a specific group of employees, the correlations of the psychological problems with job attitude, job involvement, and psychological health level were reasoned logically, a theoretical model was established, and the full-model map was plotted to illustrate the influence of the realization of occupational values over POTI. Then, the evaluation data on the psychological intervention effect of 2,800 employees were explored based on multikernel learning, and an individual difference prediction model was constructed through multikernel learning. Finally, the predicted results of different groups of employees were compared, revealing the effectiveness of our algorithm.

Evidence of Mental Health in University Students: A Contribution to Literacy

The data on the mental health of young people, in the current scientific evidence, point to the need for a constant updating of perspectives in relation to the contexts in which it is inserted, aiming at a more targeted intervention and its empowerment. In this context, it was described in the study: "Consumption of psychoactive substances in university students...What reality?" as one of the objectives- Identify the level of psychological health (depression, anxiety, and stress) of students at the Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out. A (non-probabilistic) sample of 392 students was used. The assessment of the students' psychological health was carried out using the Anxiety, Depression, and Stress Scale (EADS21) by Lovibond and Lovibond, adapted by Pais Ribeiro in 2004. SPSS was used to process the data using descriptive statistics and inferential with a significance level of 95%. As a result, we have that: about 25% of students show above-normal levels of intensity in the depression and stress dimensions, reaching almost one-third in the anxiety dimension. The correlations between the EADS21 dimensions were moderate to strong. There was a statistically significant difference between the respondents: according to sex (p=0,001; Cohen's d=0,344), for the dimension of stress; according to whether or not they practiced physical exercise, for the dimension of stress (p=0,010; Cohen's d=0,280), anxiety (p=0,006; Cohen's d=0,252) and depression (p=0,034; Cohen's d=0,244); according to whether or not they had already started sexual activity, for the depression dimension (p=0,019; Cohen's d=0,287); according to whether or not they consider awareness-raising actions relevant, for the depression dimension (p=0,018; Cohen's d=0,331). We conclude that the results show that the general values are low in each of the mental health dimensions of the EADS21. This implies good experiences of respondents in a university context, in addition to the fact that female students have higher values in all dimensions of the EADS21, as well as those who do not practice physical exercise, those who have not yet started sexual activity, and those who do not consider relevant awareness-raising actions.

The Psychophysiological Profile and Cardiac Autonomic Reactivity in Long-Term Female Yoga Practitioners: A Comparison with Runners and Sedentary Individuals.

Yoga practice, a means of stress management, has been reported to optimize psychophysiological health; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine the psychophysiological profile and cardiac autonomic reactivity in long-term yoga practitioners and compare them to runners and sedentary individuals. Psychological health and aerobic fitness level were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires and a 3-min step test. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR), and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were recorded at rest, as well as during and following psychological stress, which was elicited by the Stroop color and word test and the mental arithmetic task. The yoga group demonstrated a lower RR (10.35 ± 2.13 bpm) as compared to the other two groups, and a lower HR (66.60 ± 7.55 bpm) and diastolic BP (67.75 ± 8.38 mmHg) at rest when compared to the sedentary group (all p < 0.05). HRV parameters following mental stress returned to the baseline in yoga and running groups, but not in the sedentary group. The anxiety level in the running group was significantly lower than that in the sedentary group (p < 0.05). These findings suggested that yoga practitioners may have a greater homeostatic capacity and autonomic resilience than do sedentary individuals.

Inquiry into faith-based social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts in Nigeria

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to subject faith-based organizations (FBOs)-operated social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts to scrutiny to understand their effectiveness in addressing the three-pillar social needs.Design/methodology/approachUsing concurrent mixed methods research design, a sample size of 156 respondents, 15 in-depth interviewees and 12 key informants was selected purposely from three FBOs and three National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) State Command Areas in Nigeria. Data were collected using questionnaire survey, interviews, observation and document review, and then analyzed using descriptive and content analyses.FindingsFindings showed nine different noncore social reintegration programs for recovering drug-addicts with different required rates of participation and diverse purposes. Also, the results showed that the three-pillar social needs of recovering drug addicts for successful reintegration into the society were not provided for by the FBOs. Finally, findings showed that majority of the respondents were only slightly satisfied with the overall services rendered at the selected FBOs, and these services were not properly monitored by relevant government agency.Social implicationsAppropriate regulations that will check and balance the activities of treatment providers involved in social reintegration is recommended to achieve optimal level of physical, psychological and social health for recovering drug addicts.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge ,this is a pioneer study that investigated faith-based social reintegration programs for recovering drug addicts in Nigeria.

Socio-economic risk factors for psychological health disorders in children

Introduction. The problem of the negative impact of socio-economic risk factors on the psychological health in primary school children is analyzed. The aim of the study is to quantitatively assess the influence of socio-economic risk factors in the early development of a child on certain parameters of the psychological health in primary schoolchildren. Materials and methods. Sixteen standardized research techniques that comprehensively reveal the characteristics of a child’s psychological health (physiological, psychophysiological, psychological and socio-psychological levels) were used. The identification of socio-economic risk factors in the preschool period of the child’s development was carried out with the questionnaire “Social passport of the family”. The total sample size is two hundred fifty three 7–8 year children from two comprehensive schools of Arkhangelsk city, Russia (117 girls and 136 boys). Statistical analysis is carried out using descriptive statistics and stepwise discriminant analysis. Results. The students of the control group stand out for favourable psychological and socio-psychological health can successfully adapt and study at school. Children from the group of moderate risk differ in minor deviations of psychophysiological, psychological, and socio-psychological levels of psychological health. First-graders from the high-risk group are characterized by deteriorations at all levels of psychological health. Limitations. While studying socioeconomic risk factors of psychological heath among first-grade students from general schools of Arkhangelsk city, we examined children and questioned their parents in accordance with the bioethical principles and their voluntary consent that represents a fairly reference sample. However, the results obtained require verification on similar data from other regions of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. Unfavourable socio-economic conditions in children’s lives before entering school can be the basis for emotional distress during the period of school adaptation. The failures in school life and the difficulties in relationships can later provoke the development of risky and sometimes illegal behaviour. The socio-economic risk factors are a predictor of problems in different levels of the child’s psychological health, which requires timely prevention and correction.

Factors Related to Quality of Life among Elderly During COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The elderly are one of the age groups most affected by COVID-19, with the highest percentage of deaths due to COVID-19. Several studies have shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly experienced a decrease in their physical and psychological health level, which could lead to changes in the quality of life among the elderly COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: The study aimed to identify factors related to the quality of life among the elderly at the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 3 Nursing Home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This study used a cross-sectional approach. The population is elderly without mental disorders living in the Tresna Werdha Budi Mulia 3 Nursing Home. A total of 88 samples were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The instruments used are QOL-Index, WHOQOL-BREF, and DSES questionnaires. Pearson Chi-Square analysis was used to identify the relationship between variables. Result: The results showed that the five factors were physical health (p=0.000), psychological health (p=0.000), social relationships (p=0.000), environmental (p=0.000), and spirituality (p=0.000) had a significant relationship with the quality of life among the elderly. Recommendation: It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as motivation for nursing home administrators and the elderly to improve the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic onwards.

Investigation on Psychological Status and Job Burnout of Managers in Petroleum Enterprises.

Primarily in this paper, we have thoroughly investigated the psychological status and job burnout of managers in petroleum enterprises. For this purpose, we have assumed managers in petroleum enterprises as the research objects, whereas the overall sampling method was adopted from January 2019 to June 2020. A total of 240 questionnaires were sent out and 236 valid questionnaires were received with a recovery rate of 98.33%. The research objects' general information, psychological health status, and job burnout level were investigated. Among the 236 management personnel in petroleum enterprises, 212 (89.83%) were male and 24 (10.17%) were female. The average age was (40.28 ± 7.07) years old, and the number of people aged 40–49 was the largest, accounting for 52.12%; 84.32% were in marriage; regular college or above accounted for 81.78%; no smoking or occasional smoking in the last one year was 52.97%; not drinking in the last year was 34.75%; and 60.17% of managers in petroleum enterprises never or occasionally exercise. 121 (51.27%) suffered from high burnout due to emotional exhaustion, 125 (52.97%) suffered from high burnout due to emotional alienation, and 139 (58.90%) suffered from high burnout due to reduced sense of achievement. The scores of somatization, obsessive symptoms, depression, anxiety, and terror of the respondents were significantly higher than the normal levels of domestic adults. The differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05); there was no statistical significance in the scores of the other four factors compared with the national norm (P > 0.05). The phenomenon of job burnout and some psychological health problems existed in the managers in petroleum enterprises. The incidence of psychological evaluation was higher than that of the national norm, and the level of psychological health could predict the job burnout of petroleum enterprise managers.

Effects of Dragon Boating Intervention on Physical Function and Psychological Health of Breast Cancer Survivors

Exercise is important to counteract negative physical and emotional effects of breast cancer treatments. Dragon boating, a traditional sports event in China, has become a popular rehabilitation methods of breast cancer. This study examines effects of a dragon boating intervention on physical functioning and psychological health in breast cancer survivors. Breast cancer survivors (N = 40) were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 20) or control group (n = 20). The intervention group participated in a dragon boating intervention twice a week over a period of 14 weeks, with each lasted for 75 minutes and at a rate of stroke &lt; 60t/min. The control group received no intervention. Patients from both groups were measured at during 1 and 14 weeks on levels of physical functioning (30s arm curls for upper limb strength, shoulder range of motion for upper limb flexibility, 30s sit to stand for lower limb strength, sit and reach for lower limb flexibility, 4m leg lifting for aerobic endurance, and arm circumference for body circumference) and psychological health including self-efficacy (measured by German General-Self-Efficacy Scale), stress (by Perceived Stress Questionnaire; PSQ20), and fear and depression (by Hospital Depression Scale). Comparing pre- to post- intervention data, significant improvements were found for the upper limb strength test (+7.15%; p = 0.023), upper limb flexibility (+ 11.6%; p = 0.008) and aerobic endurance (+9.25; p = 0.009) in the dragon boating group. No changes in patient-reported outcomes, lower limb function and body circumference were observed following the 14 weeks study period in both groups (p &gt; 0.05). Data analyses also showed a significant difference between both groups regarding the subscale "joy" (p = .018). Several significant results within the intervention group were seen in self-efficacy (p = .014), fear (p = .009) and the overall score for fear and depression (p = .043). Both groups improved significantly within "worries" (pintervention = .006, pcontrol = .019) and the PSQ20 overall score (both ps = .005). The control group also significantly improved in the subscale for "demands" (p = .019). Our study showed that dragon boating intervention yielded significant improvements in upper limb strength, flexibility, aerobic endurance, and mental health level but not lower limb physical fitness, body circumference, or quality of life. The dragon boating alone may not be considered as being comprehensively effective enough to help breast cancer survivors regarding relevant physical and psychological issues, but it might be an important supplement within follow-up care. Future efforts may explore the effect of dragon boating intervention with different intensities on rehabilitation effect.

The Impact of Resilience on the Psychological Health of Disadvantaged Children: The Mediating Role of Coping Styles and Core Self-evaluation

Objective: Based on the environment-individual interaction model and the "evaluation-coping" theory, the relationship between Resilience, Coping Style, Core Self-evaluation and psychological health of disadvantaged children was explored to provide some theoretical support for psychological health intervention research. Methods: Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescent (RSCA), core self-evaluation Scale (CSES), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) were used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 618 middle school students in South Xinjiang. Results: First, GHQ-12 scores were negatively correlated with RSCA, CSES, and SCSQ scores (r=-0.57/r=-0.56/r=-0.49, P &lt;0.001), and positively correlated with the level of psychological health; second, coping styles is a mediator between resilience and psychological health (mediator effect value is -0.04); third, core self-evaluation is a mediator between coping styles and psychological health, there is "resilience — coping styles — core self-evaluation — psychological health" path. Conclusion: Resilience can directly predict the psychological health of disadvantaged children, and indirectly predict psychological health level through chain mediation of coping styles — core self-evaluation.

Abstract- Poster

• BACKGROUNG:The past decade has seen an exponential growth in the use of internet and video games. Problems begin when media use displaces physical activity and social interaction. Studies have found that screen addicts have poor physical and mental health.• AIMS:To compare physical and psychological health concerns between screen addicted and healthy screen users.• METHODS:Cross-sectional Comparative study was conducted among 120 participants consisting of Gamers, Social Media users and Binge watchers from Mumbai based on their scores on Digital Addiction Scale (DAS) and were divided into 60 cases and 60 matched controls. Levels of Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Sleep Quality, Dry Eye Disease were assessed using pre-validated scales like DASS-21, PSQI and OSDI respectively, while the other variables were assessed using a self-designed questionnaire with CVR>0.65.• RESULTS:Mean age of the participants was 19.3 ± 3.2 years. The prevalence and scores of depressions, stress, anxiety, poor sleep quality & dry eye disease were significantly higher in screen addicted group (p<0.01). Prevalence of loneliness, aggression and musculoskeletal pain in wrist, thumb, neck and back was also found to be significantly higher in screen addicted group as compared to healthy screen users(p<0.05).• CONCLUSION:There is significant difference in prevalence as well as levels of physical and psychological health concerns between screen addicted and healthy screen users. However, this being a cross-sectional study a causative association cannot be derived.

Mental well-being, health, and locus of control in Danish adults before and during COVID-19.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on general health, mental well-being, and experiences of control compared to pre-pandemic populations. Our hypotheses were that we would observe a significantly lower level of psychological well-being and general health in the 2020 sample compared to the pre-pandemic samples, and that we would observe younger age groups to be the most affected. Two representative Danish populations (2016, n = 1656) and (2017, n = 3366) were compared to a representative Danish population (2020, n = 1538) sampled during the first lockdown in May 2020. Two-tailed tests of proportions were used to investigate possible differences between samples in proportions reporting poorer mental well-being measured by 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, general health, and internal locus of control. Younger men (aged 18-24) and younger women (aged 18-44) as well as elderly women (aged 65-74) reported lower mental well-being during the early phase of the pandemic compared to the population from 2016. Both women and men in 2020 reported significantly lower levels of internal locus of control compared to the 2017 sample. This was especially true for younger men and women. There were no statistically significant differences in general health between populations. This study partly supports the hypothesis that the Covid-19 pandemic affected mental well-being negatively among younger persons. However, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate possible long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health and well-being. Further, qualitative studies are needed to investigate the in-depth consequences of Covid-19.

Impact of Religious Participation and Spirituality on the Health of Nigerian Older People: an online survey

ABSTRACT Africa, especially Nigeria, is reported to have high religious participation among her growing proportion of older people, yet few works are found in the literature on the impact of religiosity, or spirituality, on the health of the older people in Africa. Thus, this study explored the impact of religious participation and spirituality on the health or well-being of older Christians in Nigerian. A total of 103 Nigerian older people aged 65 years and above participated in this cross-sectional survey by responding to a researcher-administered questionnaire on the topics of religiosity, spirituality, and health status. The findings of this study demonstrated a significant correlation between the level of religious participation, the level of spirituality and psychological health, and the general well-being of older people, especially those aged 60–70 years. We conclude that religious participation and the level of spirituality of older people have an impact on their psychological health domain.

The mental health of the Ukrainian nation as a driving force for economic growth

Introduction: Achieving a high level of social welfare requires investment in human capital, and its sufficiency and rational use is a necessary condition for the development of the state. The health of the nation as a factor of state formation and security of the state is a basic component of human capital and competitiveness of the country and is closely integrated with the economy, science, and defense.&#x0D; Purpose: The purpose of our study is the system of protection and preservation of the mental health of Ukrainians, in the framework and context of economic development.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted based on statistical data of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine for the period 2016–2020. The following methods were used: analytical, medical statistics, comparative analysis, system approach.&#x0D; Results: The incidence and prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders among the entire population of Ukraine, as well as among the adult population, working-age and old age, depending on the place of residence and sex, were studied and analyzed.&#x0D; Conclusions: The problems of the current state of mental health of Ukrainians are studied and the ways of solving these problems are suggested. The retrospective dynamics of the dependence of the level of psychological health of the population and economic development of the country are analyzed. The tendencies of prevention and improvement of the level of public awareness about the role of mental health on the example of the leading countries of the world are analyzed

The effect of post colonoscopy abdominal massage on abdominal pain, distension, discomfort and patient satisfaction: a randomized controlled study protocol

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Abdominal pain, distension, and discomfort are the most frequently seen side effects after colonoscopy. These side effects can cause physical and mental results and increased workloads and care costs. Additionally, the satisfaction of the patients with the colonoscopy process may affect their willingness to undergo repeated colonoscopies in the future which may be required for the surveillance of colon malignity. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effects of abdominal massage on post colonoscopy these abdominal symptoms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of post colonoscopy abdominal massage on abdominal pain, distension, discomfort, and patient satisfaction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; This study was designed as a prospective randomized controlled study. Participants meeting inclusion criteria will be assigned to intervention and control groups using a random number generator. Participants assigned to the intervention group will receive abdominal massages twice a day after colonoscopy, and participants assigned to the control group will receive only ‘routine care’. The abdominal pain, distension, discomfort, and satisfaction levels of the patients will be evaluated using the Visual analogue scale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;New approaches are needed to improve the physiological and psychological health levels of patients after colonoscopy and help them return to their daily life activities and social lives faster. The trial will provide valuable evidence to inform clinical application and help evaluate the effects of the use of the relevant intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial registration:&lt;/strong&gt; Clinical trials registration number NCT04979351.&lt;/p&gt;