Level Of Policy Implementation Research Articles

Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Health Protocol Policies During The Covid-19 Pandemic In Ternate And Tidore Cities

Background : Indonesia first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in March 2020, were 1,528 cases and 136 cases with a mortality rate much higher than that of the People's Republic of China (8.9% vs 4%) Indonesian health facilities are not ready. Objective: To find out the differences in the evaluation model of the Covid 19 health protocol policy in Ternate and Tidore. Methods: Quantitative with a cross sectional study, with a sample of 200 people, data collection through observation and interviews in July-September 2022, and statistical analysis using the Mann Whitney test. Results: The results showed that there were differences in the level of policy implementation from the aspect of resources (p<0.05), bureaucracy (p<0.05) and disposition (p<0.05) in the cities of Ternate and Tidore, but not for the communication aspect (p<0.05). p>0.05). Conclusions: There are differences in the health protocol policy model for the Covid 19 City of Ternate and the City. Suggestions: improve human resource skills and improve the readiness of facilities and infrastructure, SOPs and reporting systems are more structured, it is better to provide standard information delivery procedures and procedures for communication between related agencies, socialization should be carried out more widely and evenly, especially in the islands.

Prioritizing factors for the sustainable growth of Vietnam's solar photovoltaic power market

This study investigates the factors that affect the investment environment of the renewable energy industry in emerging countries, and quantifies them to derive relative priorities, drawing on the Vietnamese solar market as a critical case. Vietnam's solar photovoltaic (PV) market was exposed to various adverse policy situations during 2017–2019. The priorities of the determinant factors were derived using analytic hierarchy process analysis, based on a survey of 20 energy experts. The priority of the factors in Level 1 include, in descending order, policies, legal framework, profitability, ease of access to finance, infrastructure, and external factors. The top five of the 29 important factors in Level 2 are level of policy implementation, policy consistency (predictability), feed-in-tariff price, incentives and subsidies for foreign (direct) investment in solar PV, fruitage remittance, and transmission/distribution lines. We demonstrate that the active establishment and implementation of policies is crucial for the development of the renewable energy market. The improvement of the grid infrastructure and measures for system integration should be supported in accordance with solar power deployment. Therefore, actively engaging the interests of various stakeholders comprehensively and in a balanced manner during policymaking can be decisive in supporting stable market growth, facilitated by partnerships between local developers and international investors.

An institutionalist perspective on smart specialization: Towards a political economy of regional innovation policy

Abstract The smart specialization approach has guided regional innovation policies in Europe for roughly a decade. However, the policy practice under the approach has met considerable criticism which suggests the existence of significant gaps between the conceptual level and the level of policy implementation. To explain and understand the reasons for these gaps, this article proposes an institutionalist perspective rooted in neo-institutional sociology. In particular, the article draws on concepts such as ceremony, myth, and isomorphism and argues that such an institutionalist perspective can provide one of several fields of further research on the political economy of regional innovation policy. Pursuing such research is particularly relevant to inform policymaking in the coming years, given the current tendency to re-orient smart specialization towards challenge orientation, directionality, normativity, and sustainability.

Kafka’s Bureaucracy: Immigration Administrative Burdens in the Trump Era

Abstract What does a government do when it decides to make a public service as burdensome as possible? We consider this question in the context of immigration policy during the Trump administration. The case demonstrates the deliberate and governmentwide use of administrative burdens to make legal processes of immigration confusing, demanding, and stressful. Many of these changes occurred via what we characterize as formal administrative directives, a level of policy implementation that falls between high-level formal executive legal powers, such as executive orders or rules, and street-level discretion, pointing to the importance of processes such as memos and training as an understudied space of using burdens to make policy. The case challenges the standard portrayal of the principal–agent dilemma, given that the political principals engaged in a disruption of public services akin to sabotage, while the bureaucratic agents remained largely quiescent. The outcome was a system of racialized burdens, where changes were targeted at racially marginalized immigrants. The case also highlights the use of fear as a particular type of psychological cost.

The Study of Policy Implementation on Teaching Observation in Darasamutr School Sriracha, Chon Buri, Thailand

This research aims to determine the level of policy implementation on teaching observation in Darasamutr School, Thailand. It likewise explored the factors affecting such level of implementation. Three population samples were considered for the study, namely elementary teachers, high school teachers and administrators. Perceptions among these sample groups on the level of policy implementation were statistically compared Data collected from a total of 234 respondents revealed a consistent observatio on the high evel of policy implementation on teaching observation on the said campus. Significant differences however were noted along ethical protocols specifically between elementary teachers and administrators. The top three factors identified to be potently affecting the level of policy implementation were Teacher factor, Evaluation tool factor and Miscellaneous factor. Furthermore, some administrative challenges were identified by the administrator respondents. The study’s conclusion points to some key areas along the implementation process needing review and revision. Relevant recommendations were then endorsed in order to facilitate optimal effectiveness and relevance of teacher evaluation. Finally, a concept map was drawn to highlight the proposed process flowchart for the campus implementation on teaching evaluation and observation.

Policy Analysis of Sustainable Private Forest Partnership

Private forest partnership has been considered as a new strategy in dealing with conventional socio-economic model problem of the industrial wood raw material sustainability supply. As a new strategy to address the issue of sustainability of industrial wood supply, synergy is needed between forest farmer groups and timber-based industry through private forest partnership schemes. This research aims to analyze private forest partnership policy and its implementation in terms of cooperation aspects in order to formulate a sustainable private forest partnership policy. Content analysis was used to identify all policies related to private forestry partnerships, while policy implementation was analyzed by using formal evaluation method. The descriptive method was implemented to analyze standing stock managemet, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a method to formulate the concept of sustainable private forest partnership policy. The results showed that private forest partnership policy now is more focused on production facilities and infrastructure aspect. The level of policy implementation in research location is at a low grade, only reached 16.28%, while 43.75% of the private forest partnerships in the research area are not sustainable due to low potential of standing stock. This research proved that fostering the farmers is a key factor to develop sustainable private forest partnership policy.

The Dark Side of Institutional Collaboration: How Peacekeeping-counterterrorism Convergences Weaken the Protection of Civilians in Mali

ABSTRACT Within the field of international peace and security, policy makers and analysts alike commonly treat collaboration and convergence among international organizations and intervention frameworks as a policy objective in itself. Indeed, from the focus on the ‘comprehensive approach’, during the 2000s, to the recent emphasis on multi-dimensional and integrated stabilization frameworks, institutional collaboration is cast as inherently positive and desirable in regard to addressing international collective matters. This article challenges such ‘collaboration bias’. It does so by exploring the empirical effects of increasing collaboration and ‘strategic partnerships’ within the context of the current (re)turn to stabilization interventions. Specifically, focusing on Mali, it unpacks how contemporary stabilization efforts intensify collaboration across counterterrorism and peacekeeping interventions in ways that undercut policy implementation within one of the most central peacekeeping priority areas, namely the Protection of Civilians (PoC). In detailing key aspects on which contemporary peacekeeping-counterterrorism entanglements compromise protection efforts, the article conveys some of the ‘dark sides’ of cooperation regimes. It moreover highlights the need to not only explore regime complexity as a systemic feature of world politics but also unpack how it operates, and to what effect, at the meso and micro levels of policy implementation and practice.

The interrelations of land ownership, soil protection and privileges of capital in the aspect of land take

The novelty of this study lies in the analyses of legislation concerning land use policies by examining the specific boundary between land ownership and land take. The basic motive was that the European Commission (EC) withdrew the Soil Framework Directive (SFD) in 2014 following the objections of certain Member States (MS) who countered that as most lands are privately owned, they should not fall under the remit of public governance. Since the withdrawal of the SFD land take is an issue receiving more attention. The legal content of ownership rights has been subjected to constant debate in the context of land-use policies and planning practices, which raises the questions of who decides how the land can be used and whether administrative authorities give priority to non-agricultural uses. Our study seeks to explore these issues through the lens of property law by comparing different legislations on access to land on three levels of policy implementation: the EU, the national, and the local levels. MS legislations are highlighted through the example of Hungary in two aspects: (1) regulation regarding Access to Land and Land Ownership Rights (ALOR), and (2) legislation and results of the LANDSUPPORT decision support system concerning Land Take Changes (LTC). We designed figures to demonstrate how policymakers can use the new LANDSUPPORT platform to show the gaps and inconsistencies among the above aspects. We found that the legislative regulations concerning private land use to achieve soil protection objectives remain the weakest link in the environmental protection legislation of the EU. Anxieties concerning built-in legal guarantees on each of the studied levels actualise our research. Currently, global land management is not on the political table although common European legislation might be able to preserve land for agricultural use.

Evaluating the implementation of Konawe regional regulation number 5/2007 on public mining management

This research aims at determining the implementation of Konawe regional regulation number 5/2007 on public mining management, with the focus on a C-Class mining activities in Tuoy Village. Tuoy Village, Unaaha District, is one of the center of C group mining activities in Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. It is recommended to the Regional Government and all elements involved in mining management to take concrete steps in preventing further damage to the environment in the futureby maximizing the implementation. To find out the implementation of Konawe Regional Regulation Number 5/2007 on Public Mining Management the writers use Merilee S. Grindle model of approach. The level of success of a public policy according to Grindle is determined by the level of policy implementation itself, which consists of the Content of Policy and the Context of Policy.

Modelling internet of things driven sustainable food security system

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to model the sustainable food security system using various technologies driving internet of things (IoT). The right to food is a fundamental right of humans. With increasing population and urbanization, less land is being used for agricultural purposes. In addition, the climate change due to global warming often leads to frequent disasters such as droughts and floods, adversely affecting the food production. This leads to increased levels of poverty and hunger. Ensuring food security has become the prime agenda for all the policymakers and government bodies across the world. With changing global dynamics, traditional ways of ensuring food security will not be sufficient alone.Design/methodology/approachThere is a need to develop a sustainable food security system that not only focusses on food production but also equally emphasizes on the efficacy of food distribution and reducing food wastage. In this digital age, the emerging disruptive technologies like Block chain, robotics, big data analytics, and cloud computations, etc., are increasingly changing the functioning of various sectors, giving rise to IoT-based working environment. The policymakers are also exploring these technologies to maximize their outreach so as to benefit the larger set of population and to gain visualization and control over policy implementation using IoT. This paper attempts to model the sustainable food security system using various technologies driving IoT. It also studies the interrelationship among various technologies and their application in various levels of policy implementation. The methodology used in the paper is fuzzy-TISM, which not only provides the causal relationship among two technologies but also provides the magnitude of the cause–effect relationship and the hierarchical framework for the complex problem.FindingsThe paper is addressed to the design of sustainable food security system in the Indian context wherein government ensures food security for all, using public distribution system (PDS).Social implicationsThe paper is addressed to the design of sustainable food security system in Indian context wherein government ensures food security for all, using PDS.Originality/valueThis study is a novel attempt to integrate the IoT into the design of the PDS to ensure food security. The enabling factors for IOT are modelled using Fuzzy-TISM.

How do low-carbon policies promote green diffusion among alliance-based firms in China? An evolutionary-game model of complex networks

China has launched a series of low-carbon policies that promote the diffusion of green technologies, in order to advance what is now the world's largest manufacturing area toward more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices. Specifically, alliances between manufacturers (as one of the policy initiatives) have been set up to expedite technology diffusion. What are the patterns of technology diffusion in the alliance, and what are the effects of low carbon policy on the diffusion of technology in the alliance? Using game-based theory, this paper builds an evolutionary game model of technology diffusion between enterprises in the context of a complex network. In particular, it simulates the effects of a carbon trading market, environmental taxes, and innovation subsides, on green technology diffusion of manufacturing firms in a BA scale-free network (Barabási–Albert model) in China. The results show that various levels of policy-implementation (especially the market-based policies) lead to different rates of diffusion. This study provides insights on green diffusion policies and the effectiveness of their implementation in inter-firm alliances.

ANALISIS EVALUATIF KEBIJAKAN SEKOLAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI LULUSAN SISWA SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 2 PLAYEN YOGYAKARTA

This article attempts to describe the "true tangle" between school policy at the level of idealism with the progress and commemoration of the competence of school leavers in the field of praxis in the field. This research takes place in SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Playen, Yogyakarta. Based on the evaluative analysis in the school showed that; 1) Generally, The formulation of school policy can be said to support the improvement of competency standards of graduate students SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Playen. The formulation of policy (policy making) is done through deliberation or work meeting of leaders and teachers. Judging from the form aktivnnya, then the policy is in the form of academic and non academic activities. 2) at the level of policy implementation, the policy implementers themselves come from the highest levels to the lowest levels such as head master, teachers, staffs, and students. Implementation is certainly through the process of communication and socialization with the target of school policy. the implementation of school policies on the way and the process of course encountered obstacles and challenges. The point that support the implementation of school programs are consistency of school residents, acceptance and participation of school residents and communication. While the obstacles and challenges of implementation of the policy include; lack of potential sources of schools; low student learning motivation; limited economic parent; and the low awareness of teachers. 3) Evaluation of school policy. As for those who act as evaluators of school policies are those who are involved in the formulation and implementing of school policies, especially principals and teachers.

Методы управления в Европейском союзе

Most of existing researches on the methods of governance in the European Union (EU) are rather narrow in scope. Many of them investigate particular policies of the EU for the purpose of identifying and describing the details of the governance mode in use. Other researches provide a comparative analysis of the application of a particular method of governance in several EU policies. However, there is a clear lacuna in the field of systematization of all methods of governance usable in the EU. This article reveals a comprehensive system of EU methods of governance. They are based on six key principles: 1) EU methods of governance are not reducible to combinations of communitarian and intergovernmental approaches. 2) Methods of governance are linked with the level of decision-making (super-system, system and subsystem decisions). 3) There are seven basic methods of governance in the EU. Classic intergovernmental method is used to make “historic” decisions at the super-system level. Communitarian approach and intensive trans-governmentalism are the most common methods at the system level. One can distinguish four methods of governance at the subsystem level: regulation, distribution, policy coordination and executive method. 4) There is no univocal correspondence between methods of policy setting (system level) and policy implementation (subsystem level). 5) Identified methods of governance are the ideal types. In practice, implementation of particular policy in the EU is usually a combination of various governance methods. 6) Methods of governance used at the level of policy implementation could change in the course of time. The concept proposed reflects the inter-coupling between the level of decision-making and a method of governance in the EU. It offers a consistent systematization of EU methods of governance, and discloses the correspondence between methods of governance and EU policies. Developed theoretical concept can be used as a methodological basis for the research of EU activities in particular policy areas, of decision-making process in the EU, of the evolution of governance in particular policy areas.

An exploratory analysis of land abandonment drivers in areas prone to desertification

The abandonment of land is a global problem with environmental and socioeconomic implications. An approach to assess the relationship between land abandonment and a large set of indicators was illustrated in the present study by using data collected in the framework of the European Union DESIRE research project from 808 field sites located in 10 study sites in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa and Asia. A total of 48 indicators provided information for biophysical conditions and socioeconomic characteristics measured at the plot level. The selected indicators refer to farm characteristics (family status, land tenure, present and previous types of land-use, soil depth, slope gradient, tillage operations) and to site-specific characteristics including annual rainfall, rainfall seasonality and water availability. Classes were designated for each indicator and a sensitivity score was assigned to each class based on existing research or empirically assessing the importance of each indicator to the land abandonment issue. Questionnaires for each process of land degradation were prepared and data were collected at field site level in collaboration with land users. Based on correlation statistics and multivariate analyses more than ten indicators out of 48 resulted as significant in affecting land abandonment in the studied field sites. Among them, the most important were rainfall seasonality, elderly index, land fragmentation, farm size, selected soil properties, and the level of policy implementation. Results contribute to the development of appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of land management practices for contrasting land abandonment.

Attentional bias and response inhibition in obese individuals: A systematic review

monitoring framework was developed based on a review of recommendations for improving food environments and population diets from United Nations bodies, governments and expert advisory groups, and a week-long consultation with international experts. The resulting Government Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) comprises a ‘policy’ component with seven domains to improve the healthiness of food environments, and an ‘infrastructure support’ component with seven domains to strengthen systems to prevent obesity and diet-related NCDs. Good practice statements are proposed within each domain, and those will evolve into best existing practice exemplars in the future. A rating process is proposed for assessing a government’s level of policy implementation towards good practice and involves the following steps: 1. context analysis, 2. collection of relevant policy documents, 3. evidence-grounding the policies and actions, 4. validation of evidence with government officials, 5. rating of government policies by non-government public health experts and organisations, 6. weighting and aggregation of scores and calculation of the Food-EPI, 7. collection of comments and recommendations from raters, and 8. translation of results for governments and stakeholders. This process ideally should be driven by an existing or formed ‘national coalition’ of public health non-government organisations and researchers. The Food-EPI will be pre-tested and piloted in countries of varying size and income levels, and may potentially increase and improve government policies and actions to reduce obesity and NCDs.

Monitoring and benchmarking government policies and actions to improve the healthiness of food environments: a proposed Government Healthy Food Environment Policy Index

Government action is essential to increase the healthiness of food environments and reduce obesity, diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and their related inequalities. This paper proposes a monitoring framework to assess government policies and actions for creating healthy food environments. Recommendations from relevant authoritative organizations and expert advisory groups for reducing obesity and NCDs were examined, and pertinent components were incorporated into a comprehensive framework for monitoring government policies and actions. A Government Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) was developed, which comprises a 'policy' component with seven domains on specific aspects of food environments, and an 'infrastructure support' component with seven domains to strengthen systems to prevent obesity and NCDs. These were revised through a week-long consultation process with international experts. Examples of good practice statements are proposed within each domain, and these will evolve into benchmarks established by governments at the forefront of creating and implementing food policies for good health. A rating process is proposed to assess a government's level of policy implementation towards good practice. The Food-EPI will be pre-tested and piloted in countries of varying size and income levels. The benchmarking of government policy implementation has the potential to catalyse greater action to reduce obesity and NCDs.

A Socio-Legal Lens on the Victorian Charter

The influence of a bill of rights is usually measured by the extent to which it provides legal remedies. This article argues that the Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities' influence over Victorian public policy making can be more comprehensively assessed by applying a socio-legal lens. A socio-legal analysis, focusing upon the Charter's application at the level of policy implementation, ascribes an equally influential role to the dialogical design of the Charter and its role as a facilitator of community advocacy. The article will discuss how these design and functional elements of the Charter help us to understand the Charter's potential to promote social change, as illustrated by a number of cases of community advocacy.

Evaluation and Selection of Indicators for Land Degradation and Desertification Monitoring: Methodological Approach

An approach to derive relationships for defining land degradation and desertification risk and developing appropriate tools for assessing the effectiveness of the various land management practices using indicators is presented in the present paper. In order to investigate which indicators are most effective in assessing the level of desertification risk, a total of 70 candidate indicators was selected providing information for the biophysical environment, socio-economic conditions, and land management characteristics. The indicators were defined in 1,672 field sites located in 17 study areas in the Mediterranean region, Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Based on an existing geo-referenced database, classes were designated for each indicator and a sensitivity score to desertification was assigned to each class based on existing research. The obtained data were analyzed for the various processes of land degradation at farm level. The derived methodology was assessed using independent indicators, such as the measured soil erosion rate, and the organic matter content of the soil. Based on regression analyses, the collected indicator set can be reduced to a number of effective indicators ranging from 8 to 17 in the various processes of land degradation. Among the most important indicators identified as affecting land degradation and desertification risk were rain seasonality, slope gradient, plant cover, rate of land abandonment, land-use intensity, and the level of policy implementation.

Industry, Labour and the State

Despite the pursuit of similar industrial policies during the post-1990s, Indian states have revealed divergent outcomes in industrial growth. Such divergence suggests different levels of policy implementation which itself is a result of the interplay of formal and informal institutions, historically shaped. We try to ex-plain this divergence in the context of the evolution of state–business relations in West Bengal, a coastal state in Eastern India, and unique among Indian states not only by virtue of being ruled by a Leftist regime for an uninterrupted 34 years (1977—May, 2011), but also by having witnessed a turnaround of sorts in the outlook of the former government towards private capital within this period. Our findings suggest that it is the peculiarity of institutional behaviour that determines the policy outcomes in the state. The rigidities in political as well as economic institutions in the state are prompting us to look at West Bengal as a classic case of ‘institutional stickiness’ leading to ‘path dependency’.

Book ReviewsWomen in Developing Countries: Assessing Strategies for Empowerment. Edited by Rheka Datta and Judith Kornberg. Boulder, CO: Lynn Reinner, 2002.Women Development Workers: Implementing Rural Credit Programmes in Bangladesh. By Anne Marie Goetz. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2001.

G ender and development literature in general and empowerment studies in particular have been enriched by several new works from an ever-expanding team of development scholars and gender specialists. Among such texts is that of Rekha Datta and Judith Kornberg, Women in Developing Countries: Assessing Strategies for Empowerment. Equally illuminating is Anne Marie Goetz’s Women Development Workers: Implementing Rural Credit Programmes in Bangladesh, which provides an indepth analysis of rural credit programs in Bangladesh. The strength of Goetz’s work is the analysis and insights it provides on methodology— in this case the collective principles, values, prejudices, and management strategies that influence and guide development workers in the field. Datta and Kornberg’s introductory chapter sets the stage for in-depth analyses of the conceptual issues associated with processes of empowerment and disempowerment; they view empowerment as a multilevel process that involves individuals, groups, and agencies. The world’s largest nongovernmental organization (NGO) may well be the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC). Goetz focuses on the ideology at play in BRAC and allied organizations such as the Rural Development Program of Bangladesh, an NGO struggling to achieve gender equity and rights. Her analysis exposes these organizations as being patriarchal at the level of policy implementation. Unfriendly and insensitive to female empowerment in their organizational culture, these NGOs seem primarily to be concerned with the disbursement and recovery