Dissolved Oxygen Research Articles

Development of High-Performance Ethanol Gas Sensors Based on La2O3 Nanoparticles-Embedded Porous SnO2 Nanofibers

Porous pure SnO2 nanofibers (NFs) and La2O3 nanoparticles (NPs)-embedded porous SnO2 NFs were successfully synthesized via electrospinning followed by calcination. These materials were systematically evaluated as gas-sensing elements in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) sensors. The La2O3 NPs embedded in porous SnO2 NFs demonstrated superior gas-sensing performance compared to pure SnO2 NFs. Specifically, the incorporation of La2O3 resulted in a 12-fold enhancement in gas-sensing response towards ethanol, significantly improving both sensitivity and selectivity by tuning the carrier concentration and modifying oxygen deficiencies and chemisorbed oxygen levels. Thus, La2O3 NPs embedded in SnO2 NFs present a promising strategy for the development of high-performance ethanol gas sensors.

Coral growth along a natural gradient of seawater temperature, pH, and oxygen in a nearshore seagrass bed on Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan.

Coral reefs are facing threats from a variety of global change stressors, including ocean warming, acidification, and deoxygenation. It has been hypothesized that growing corals near primary producers such as macroalgae or seagrass may help to ameliorate acidification and deoxygenation stress, however few studies have explored this effect in situ. Here, we investigated differences in coral growth rates across a natural gradient in seawater temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO) variability in a nearshore seagrass bed on Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan, South China Sea. We observed strong spatial gradients in temperature (5°C), pH (0.29 pH units), and DO (129 μmol O2 kg-1) across the 1-kilometer wide seagrass bed. Similarly, diel variability recorded by an autonomous sensor in the shallow seagrass measured diel ranges in temperature, pH, and DO of up to 2.6°C, 0.55, and 204 μmol O2 kg-1, respectively. Skeletal cores collected from 15 massive Porites corals growing in the seagrass bed at 4 sites revealed no significant differences in coral calcification rates between sites along the gradients. However, significant differences in skeletal extension rate and density suggest that the dynamic temperature, pH, and/or DO variability may have influenced these properties. The lack of differences in coral growth between sites may be because favorable calcification conditions during the day (high temperature, pH, and DO) were proportionally balanced by unfavorable conditions during the night (low temperature, pH, and DO). Alternatively, other factors were simply more important in controlling coral calcification and/or corals were acclimated to the prevailing conditions at each site.

Poor correlation of venous lactate with systemic oxygen saturation in the paediatric cardiac ICU: a pilot study.

Cardiac intensive care providers require a comprehensive understanding of cardiac output and oxygen delivery. The estimation of cardiac output in clinical practice often relies on thermodilution and the Fick principle. Central venous saturation and lactate levels are commonly used indicators for cardiac output assessment. However, the relationship between venous lactate levels and venous oxygen saturation in paediatric cardiac intensive care patients remains unclear. This is a single-centre retrospective pilot study aimed to investigate the correlation between venous lactate and venous oxygen saturation in paediatric patients. Data collected included venous saturation, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial saturation by pulse oximetry, cerebral and renal near-infra-red spectroscopy values, and the presence of a functionally univentricular heart. Statistical analyses included Bayesian Pearson correlation and regression analyses. A total of 203 data points from 37 unique patients were included in the analysis. There was no significant correlation between serum lactate and venous saturation (correlation coefficient = -0.01; Bayes factor 10 = 0.06). Serum lactate also did not correlate with other haemodynamic metrics. Venous saturation showed correlations with arterial saturation and cerebral and renal near-infra-red spectroscopy. Regression analysis revealed that parallel circulation, arterial saturation, and cerebral near-infra-red spectroscopy were predictive of venous saturation. The following equation resulted from the regression analysis: 68.0 - (12.7 x parallel circulation) - (0.8 x arterial saturation) + (0.3 x cerebral near-infra-red spectroscopy). This model had a Bayes factor 10 of 0.03 and adjusted R-squared was 0.29. In paediatric cardiac intensive care patients, there is no significant correlation between venous lactate and venous saturation, suggesting that lactate may not be a reliable marker for assessing the adequacy of oxygen delivery in this population. Only a weak correlation could be identified once the venous saturation was 70% or lower. Additional research is needed to explore alternative markers for monitoring oxygen delivery in critically ill paediatric patients.

Outcomes of fenestration versus none in extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection.

Fenestrated total cavopulmonary connection has gained popularity due to its capacity to reduce systemic venous pressure and enhance cardiac output. However, there is ongoing debate about the immediate and long-term advantages of fenestration in this context. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 97 patients who underwent extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection at Chiang Mai University Hospital between January 1999 and December 2019. The patients were initially categorized into two groups: fenestrated (n = 71) and nonfenestrated (n = 26). After exclusion and reassignment, the long-term outcomes were analyzed for the fenestrated (n = 68) and nonfenestrated (n = 25) groups. To address potential confounding factors between the two groups, propensity scores were computed using logistic regression analysis. The study found no significant differences in preoperative and operative data. Immediate postoperative outcomes showed no significant variations in major complications, intensive care unit stay, oxygen saturation, and posttotal cavopulmonary connection pressure. In the long-term assessment, the fenestrated group demonstrated significantly lower rates of mortality, protein-losing enteropathy, liver mass, and cirrhosis. However, after employing a multilevel model stratified by propensity score analysis, only long-term mortality rate was significantly lower in the fenestrated group (hazard ratio = 0.12, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.97). Fenestration patency closed gradually through spontaneous closure and device intervention. The study found no major differences in immediate postoperative outcomes. In the fenestrated cohort, significantly lower incidences of protein-losing enteropathy, liver mass, cirrhosis, and long-term mortality were observed. However, multilevel model stratified by propensity score analysis indicated that only the lower long-term mortality demonstrated a major effect.

68 Feasibility of applying synchronized and proportional negative pressure ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress (NeoVest)

Abstract Background In preterm infants, application of negative pressure ventilation (NPV) may offer advantages to traditional methods of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP). In a pre-clinical model, we recently described the “NeoVest”, a system consisting of a sealed abdominal interface and a ventilator that applies NPV in synchrony and in proportion to the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) (Beck 2022). In animals with loaded breathing, the Neovest allowed a 50% reduction in Edi, and demonstrated specific diaphragm unloading, without hemodynamic effects. The NeoVest system, and its interface, have yet to be evaluated in human infants. Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of applying synchronized and proportional NPV with an abdominal interface in infants with respiratory distress. Design/Methods This is a prospective feasibility trial. The inclusion criteria were admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with respiratory distress, birthweight>1.5kg, <6 weeks of age, FiO2 <0.35, clinically stable with no recent apneas and bradycardias, nCPAP <8 cm H2O and at least 48 hrs old, or post-extubation. After parental consent, the feeding tube was exchanged for a 6F “Edi catheter” (for feeding and measuring Edi), and sensors were placed (heart rate, oxygen saturation, transcutaneous CO2, and non-invasive blood pressure (BP)). Figure 1 shows the Neovest interface on a manikin. The five protocol steps were: nCPAP ON/NeoVest OFF (10 min), nCPAP ON/NeoVest ON (10 min), NO ASSIST (1 min), NeoVest only medium (10 min), NeoVest high (5 min), NeoVest low (5 min). Results Eight babies have been included to this point. The principal diagnoses were Respiratory Distress Syndrome and/or Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn. Mean weight was 2186±480g and age 10±8 days old. All babies tolerated the physical application of the vest. As shown in Figure 2, there was no significant difference in Edipk when the vest was placed (12.4±5.5 vs. 11.1±3.5 uV). During the period of no assist, Edipk was higher (18.8 ±7.3 uV) than nCPAP or NeoVest periods (p= 0.012), which were not significantly different from each other. Neural respiratory rate was the same for all periods tested. As per its design, the Neovest system delivered negative pressure in synchrony and in proportion to the Edi. Negative pressures applied (□PVEST) were -9±4, -11±4, and -7±5 cmH2O (Figure 2) for the three NeoVest periods. All infants were clinically stable with no disruptions to vital signs. Conclusion Applying synchronized and proportional negative pressure with the NeoVest system was feasible and showed promise with regards to diaphragm unloading. Future studies are required to evaluate the NeoVest utility for longer periods and compared to other methods of respiratory support.

Improvement of superconducting, morphological, and flux pinning ability of YBa2Cu3O7-y matrix with oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity

Abstract In the current work, the influence of oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity levels intervals 0.00≤x≤0.30 on various key properties such as electrical resistivity, superconducting, flux pinning ability, stabilization of ceramic system, and morphological properties of YBa2Cu3O7-y (Y-123) superconductor were examined by electrical resistivity, critical current density, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. The EDX test results indicated that all the Y-123 ceramics produced possessed different composition distributions on the sample surface. SEM photomicrographs also confirmed the improvement in the appearance of surface morphology and crystallinity quality of the YBa2Cu3O7-y system. Moreover, the development in the interaction quality between grains, pinning ability and strength quality of 2D coupled vortices was obtained with the oxygen ambient and optimum manganese impurity addition highly dispersing throughout the intra grain and inter-grain boundary couplings due to the increase in the artificial flux pinning nucleation sites in the Y-123 system. Thus, the best sample with the highest Jc value of 98 A/cm2 showed the most resistance to the applied magnetic field and current. Similarly, the same sample exhibited the greatest superconductive offset (98.320 K) and onset (100.504 K) temperatures values based on the development of the Cu-O coordination and stability of the crystal structure. In conclusion, this comprehensive study based on the analysis of oxygen and Mn2O3 impurity addition mechanism through the YBa2Cu3O7-y ceramic matrix may open a new and applicable field for advanced engineering, heavy industry technology and large-scale applications.

Exploring the influence of music on cognitive performance in female assembly line workers at a medical device manufacturing unit.

The significance of enhancing working conditions for the physical health and performance of workers, particularly female workers, underscores the need for research in this domain and the examination of interventions such as music. Previous studies have yielded diverse outcomes regarding the influence of music on individuals' performance; hence, further research in this area appears imperative. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of music on the cognitive and task performance of female assembly operation operators. This study is an interventional (quasi-experimental) study that involved 81 participants from the female workforce of the medical equipment assembly unit in Isfahan, Iran. The evaluation encompassed task performance, working memory using N-Back test, sustained attention using continues performance test (CPT), degree of sleepiness, and mental fatigue using Flicker Fusion test, along with physiological parameters such as heart rate and blood oxygen level. Participants underwent testing both in the presence of classical music and in a condition without music playback. The provision of background music enhanced the workers' sustained attention and working memory. It led to improved task performance and a reduction in drowsiness. Concerning physiological parameters, it resulted in a slight decrease in heart rate at the end of the work shift and a marginal increase in participants' blood oxygen levels. Background music enhanced working memory (p-value = 0.001), sustained attention (p-value = 0.001), and improved the task performance of workers(p-value = 0.005). Additionally, likely due to increased relaxation, it led to a decrease in heart rate (p-value = 0.001) and an increase in blood oxygen levels (p-value = 0.016). Music also played a role in reducing participants' sleepiness (p-value = 0.001).

The 123 COVID SCORE: A simple and reliable diagnostic tool to predict in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission.

Patients hospitalized due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are still burdened with high risk of death. The aim of this study was to create a risk score predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients on hospital admission. Independent mortality predictors identified in multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to build the 123 COVID SCORE. Diagnostic performance of the score was evaluated using the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Data from 673 COVID-19 patients with median age of 70 years were used to build the score. In-hospital death occurred in 124 study participants (18.4%). The final score is composed of 3 variables that were found predictive of mortality in multivariate logistic regression analysis: (1) age, (2) oxygen saturation on hospital admission without oxygen supplementation and (3) percentage of lung involvement in chest computed tomography (CT). Four point ranges have been identified: 0-5, 6-8, 9-11 and 12-17, respectively corresponding to low (1.5%), moderate (13.4%), high (28.4%) and very high (57.3%) risk of in-hospital death. The 123 COVID SCORE accuracy measured with the AUROC was 0.797 (95% CI 0.757-0.838; p<0.0001) in the study population and 0.774 (95% CI 0.728-0.821; p<0.0001) in an external validation cohort consisting of 558 COVID-19 patients. The 123 COVID SCORE containing merely 3 variables: age, oxygen saturation, and percentage of lung involvement assessed with chest CT is a simple and reliable tool to predict in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients upon hospital admission.

Oviduct epithelial spheroids during in vitro culture of bovine embryos mitigate oxidative stress, improve blastocyst quality and change the embryonic transcriptome

BackgroundIn vitro embryo production is increasingly used for genetic improvement in cattle but bypasses the oviduct environment and exposes the embryos to oxidative stress with deleterious effects on further development. Here we aimed to examine the effect of oviduct epithelial spheroids (OES) on embryo development and quality in terms of morphology and gene expression during two co-culture times (4 days: up to embryonic genome activation at 8–16 cell stage vs. 7 days: up to blastocyst stage) and under two oxygen levels (5% vs. 20%).MethodsBovine presumptive zygotes produced by in vitro fertilization (day 0) using in-vitro matured oocytes were cultured in droplets of synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium with or without (controls) OES for 4 or 7 days under 5% or 20% oxygen (4 treated and 2 control groups). Cleavage rates were evaluated on day 2 and blastocyst rates on days 7–8. Expanded blastocysts on days 7–8 were evaluated for total cell numbers and gene expression analysis by RNA-sequencing.ResultsUnder 20% oxygen, blastocyst rates and total cell numbers were significantly higher in the presence of OES for 4 and 7 days compared to controls (P < 0.05), with no difference according to the co-culture time. Under 5% oxygen, the presence of OES did not affect blastocyst rates but increased the number of cells per blastocyst after 7 days of co-culture (P < 0.05). Both oxygen level and OES co-culture had a significant impact on the embryonic transcriptome. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified after 7 days of co-culture under 20% oxygen. DEGs were involved in a wide range of functions, including lipid metabolism, membrane organization, response to external signals, early embryo development, and transport of small molecules among the most significantly impacted.ConclusionOES had beneficial effects on embryo development and quality under both 5% and 20% oxygen, mitigating oxidative stress. Stronger effects on embryo quality and transcriptome were obtained after 7 than 4 days of co-culture. This study shows the impact of OES on embryo development and reveals potential molecular targets of OES-embryo dialog involved in response to stress and early embryonic development.

High-Flow Nasal Aerosol Therapy; Regional Aerosol Deposition and Airway Responsiveness.

Introduction: In normal subjects, during tidal breathing, aerosols deposit by settling in small airways. With obstructive lung disease (OLD), collapse of airways during expiration causes turbulence and increased deposition in central airways. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy, washing out dead space, may affect deposition mechanisms and drug delivery. This study compared aerosol deposition and airway responsiveness in OLD after traditional and HFNC nebulization therapy. Methods: Twelve subjects with moderate to severe OLD participated in a two-day study. Spirometry was measured pre- and post-aerosol inhalation. On Day 1 (D1) subjects tidally inhaled radiolabeled albuterol (99mTc DTPA) by mouth via AeroTech II, (Biodex. Shirley, NY). Day 2 (D2) inhalation was via HFNC using i-AIRE (InspiRx, Inc. Somerset, NJ). The HFNC system (60 L/m) was infused by syringe pump at 50 mL/h. D2 lung deposition was monitored in real time by gamma camera to match D1. Pre and post heart rate, O2 sat, and nasopharyngeal deposition (NP) were measured. Mechanistic contributions were modeled using multiple linear regression (MLR) of deposition rate (DR µg/m) as a function of breathing frequency, airway geometry (FEV1), and parenchymal integrity (DLCO). Results: Albuterol lung depositions were matched (p = 0.13) with D1 central/peripheral (sC/P) ratios 1.99 ± 0.98. Following HFNC, peripheral deposition increased (31% ± 33%, sC/P = 1.51 ± 0.43, p = 0.01). D2/D1% change FVC increased by 16.1 ± 16.7% (p = 0.003). NP deposition averaged 333% of lung. Heart rate and O2 sat were unaffected (p = 0.31, p = 0.63 respectively). DR analysis was markedly different between D1 (R2 = 0.82) and D2 (R2 = 0.12). Conclusion: In subjects with OLD, HFNC nebulization at 60 L/min was well tolerated and increased peripheral drug delivery. Spirometry significantly improved. Systemic effects were undetected indicating limited nasal absorption. MLR demonstrated that different mechanisms of deposition govern traditional vs HFNC aerosol delivery. Breath-enhanced nebulization via HFNC may provide controllable and effective aerosol therapy in OLD.

Evaluation of a Physiologic-Driven Closed-Loop Resuscitation Algorithm in an Animal Model of Hemorrhagic Shock.

Appropriate resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock is critical to restore tissue perfusion and to avoid over-resuscitation. The objective of this study was to test the ability of a closed-loop diagnosis and resuscitation algorithm called resuscitation from shock using functional hemodynamic monitoring using invasive monitoring (ReFit1) and minimally invasive monitoring (ReFit2) to identify, treat, and stabilize a porcine model of severe hemorrhagic shock. We created a ReFit algorithm using dynamic hemodynamic parameters of pulse pressure variation (PPV), stroke volume variation (SVV), dynamic arterial elastance (Eadyn = PPV/SVV), driven by mean arterial pressure (MAP), mixed venous oxygen saturation, and heart rate targets to define the need for fluids, vasopressors, and inotropes. University-based animal laboratory. Twenty-seven female pigs. Anesthetized, intubated, and ventilated (8 mL/kg) pigs were bled at 10 mL/min until a MAP of less than 40 mm Hg, held for 30 minutes, then resuscitated. The ReFit algorithm used the above dynamic parameters to drive computer-controlled infusion pumps to deliver blood, lactated Ringer's solution, norepinephrine, and in ReFit1 dobutamine. In four animals, after initial resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock, the ability of the ReFit1 algorithm to treat acute air embolism-induced pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure was also tested. In 10 ReFit1 and 17 ReFit2 animals, the time to stabilization from shock was not dissimilar to open controlled resuscitation performed by an expert physician (52 ± 12, 50 ± 13, and 60 ± 15 min, respectively) with similar amounts of fluids and norepinephrine needed. In four ReFit1 animals after initial stabilization, the algorithm successfully resuscitated the animals after inducing an acute air embolism right heart failure, with all animals recovering stability within 30 minutes. Our physiologically based functional hemodynamic monitoring-centered closed-loop resuscitation system can effectively diagnose and treat cardiovascular shock due to hemorrhage and air embolism.

IMPACT OF ADVANCED HEMODYNAMIC MONITORING ON MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION SURGERY IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS

Coronary artery bypass grafting is a critical procedure for patients with advanced coronary disease, especially those classified as high risk due to comorbidities such as heart failure, hypertension and diabetes. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring has proved essential in this context, allowing continuous and accurate surveillance of cardiac and vascular parameters, which can reduce intra- and post-operative complications. This abstract aims to assess the impact of advanced hemodynamic monitoring during coronary artery bypass graft surgery in high-risk patients. The aim is to explore the advantages of this type of monitoring, the technologies used and the benefits in terms of clinical outcomes and reduction of complications. This is a literature review with a qualitative approach, carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, BVS and Google Scholar databases. In order to optimize the search, descriptors such as Hemodynamic Monitoring, Cardiac Surgery, High Risk Patients and Fluid Management were used. For time delimitation, the research considered publications between the years 2019 and 2022, a period that reflects the latest advances in hemodynamic monitoring technologies in high-risk cardiac surgeries. Advanced hemodynamic monitoring includes the use of devices such as the pulmonary artery catheter and non-invasive bioimpedance systems, which provide real-time data on cardiac output, blood pressure, oxygen saturation and systemic vascular resistance. In high-risk patients, these devices allow for precise adjustments in the administration of fluids and vasoactive drugs, promoting better hemodynamic stability. Studies indicate that this approach reduces the incidence of serious complications, such as cardiogenic shock and arrhythmias, optimizing post-operative recovery. Therefore, advanced hemodynamic monitoring is a crucial tool in CABG surgeries, especially for high-risk patients. Its implementation improves intraoperative management, reducing the risk of complications and promoting better clinical outcomes. Therefore, its use should be considered an integral part of strategies for complex cardiac surgeries.

An IoT Healthcare System With Deep Learning Functionality for Patient Monitoring

ABSTRACTCurrently, healthcare systems operate under conventional management practices and entail storing and processing substantial medical data. Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) technologies has facilitated the development of IoT‐enabled healthcare, which possesses advanced data processing capabilities and extensive data storage. This paper proposes a WSN and IoT framework for patient monitoring in high‐speed 5G communications. Based on an artificial neural network (ANN), an intelligent health monitoring system was developed using IoT technology to monitor a person's blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen level, and temperature. Furthermore, the system helps the elderly being in critical cases in their homes to communicate and update their medical condition with the hospital, especially in critical cases, to be treated as soon as possible, especially in remote areas. The experimental results showed the superiority and effectiveness of the proposed system. Moreover, relying on ANNs to extract the basic features, the accuracy reached 96%. The proposed system was implemented practically, and the results were displayed in real time and compared with commercial medical devices. Maximum relative errors are heart rate (2.19), body temperature (2.94), systolic blood pressure (3.4), diastolic blood pressure (2.89), and SpO2 (1.05). On the other hand, the proposed system is much faster than other wireless communication methods, regardless of the detection quality.

Emergence of cyclic hypoxia and the impact of PARP inhibitors on tumor progression.

Tumor hypoxia is a dynamic phenomenon marked by fluctuations in oxygen levels across both rapid (seconds to minutes) and slow (hours to days) time scales. While short hypoxia cycles are relatively well understood, the mechanisms behind longer cycles remain largely unclear. In this paper, we present a novel mechanistic mathematical model that explains slow hypoxia cycles through feedback loops involving vascular expansion and regression, oxygen-regulated tumor growth, and toxic cytokine production. Our study reveals that, for the emergence of slow hypoxia cycles, endothelial cells must adapt by decreasing receptor activation as ligand concentration increases. Additionally, the interaction between tumor cells and toxic cytokines influences frequency and intensity of these cycles. By examining the effects of pharmacological interventions, specifically poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, we also demonstrate how targeting cell proliferation can help regulate oxygen levels. Our findings enhance the understanding of hypoxia regulation and suggest PARP proteins as promising therapeutic targets.

Comparative characteristics of separation plastics of the anterior abdominal wall in the prevention of compartment syndrome in herniology

Research Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of separation plastic in reducing intra-abdominal hypertension in midline ventral hernia surgery in an experimental setting. Materials and Methods. Research Subjects: 15 pigs weighing 30-35 kg with an original model of midline ventral hernia. In the acute experiment, intra-abdominal hypertension was created at 40 mmHg and the aponeurosis tension was set at 3.6 N. A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the impact of separation plastics of the anterior abdominal wall by Ramirez, Carbonell, and Novitsky on intra-abdominal pressure and central hemodynamics. Results: A direct correlation was found between intra-abdominal pressure and aponeurosis tension. Ramirez separation plastic of the anterior abdominal wall reduced intra-abdominal pressure by 50.5±1.1%, Carbonell by 53.5±2.8%, and Novitsky by 59±3.3%. Conclusion: The original model of midline ventral hernia in the acute experiment can be used to study intra-abdominal hypertension and ways to reduce it. Separation plastics decrease intra-abdominal pressure, improve central hemodynamic parameters, and blood oxygen saturation. The most effective separation plastic of the anterior abdominal wall is the posterior component according to Novitsky.

Nursing Interventions Related to the Need for Oxygenation in Severe COVID-19 Disease in Hospitalized Adults: A Retrospective Study.

To describe the nursing interventions related to the need for oxygenation in hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 disease in the Intensive Care Unit. This was an observational, retrospective and descriptive study in a population of 2205 patients with a convenience sample of n = 430 and based on the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) and the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). The analysis was performed with a non-parametric test to determine the association between the nursing interventions and the need for oxygenation. The findings are aimed at improving nursing interventions with statistical associations as follow: oxygen therapy (p < 0.000), airway suctioning (p < 0.000), airway management (p = 0.029), invasive mechanical ventilation (p < 0.000) and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (p = 0.022). NOC taxonomy expected outcomes in ventilation, 34% (146), alteration in gas exchange, 33.7% (145), and respiratory status, 558.9% (253), were severely compromised. The nursing interventions to maintain the respiratory status are focused on airway care and oxygen therapy in order to increase the oxygen saturation level and decrease the severity of the need for oxygenation.

The Effectiveness of Deep Breathing Exercise Therapy on Oxygen Saturation among Patients with Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic stroke is an abnormality of central nervous system function in which blood flow decreases significantly, causing hypoxia. This systemic hypoxemia should be avoided; therefore oxygen saturation is monitored in the acute phase. One of the interventions that can be done in order to increase oxygen supply is by deep breathing exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of deep breathing exercise therapy to increase oxygen saturation on patients with ischemic stroke. This study is a quasi-experimental study with one group pre-posttest design that has been implemented in the neural room of RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang with a sample of 16 patients with ischemic stroke who have fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Data was collected directly by measuring oxygen saturation of patients with ischemic stroke before and after a deep breathing exercise intervention. The data were processed by computer and analyzed as univariate and bivariate. Normality test results show the data is not normally distributed so that the analysis used is non-parametric test by using Wilcoxon test. The results showed that deep breathing exercise therapy was effective in increasing oxygen saturation level of patients with ischemic stroke with p = 0,000 so it can be recommended that this therapy can be used as one of the nursing interventions on patients with ischemic stroke to increase the oxygen saturation level.

Large igneous provinces played a major role in oceanic oxygenation events during the mid-Proterozoic

AbstractLow atmospheric oxygen levels during the mid-Proterozoic were occasionally interrupted by transient high oxygen levels. The cause of mid-Proterozoic ocean redox variability remains unclear. Here we investigate mercury chemostratigraphy across the Jixian section of North China Craton through two oxygenation intervals. Abnormal spikes in mercury concentration and excursions of mercury isotopes are observed in the Dahongyu and Hongshuizhuang formations, which occur just below the two oxygenation intervals, respectively. These mercury anomalies suggest that the two oxygenation events were preceded by subaerial volcanism. Furthermore, the two oxygenation intervals show increased nutrient concentrations and negative shifts in mercury isotopes, indicating that enhanced weathering and terrestrial nutrient influx occurred during oxygenation intervals. We infer that in the breakup setting of the Columbia supercontinent, large igneous province volcanism and its efficient low-latitude weathering could rapidly increase terrestrial nutrient influx into the ocean, promoting oceanic productivity and a pulsed rise in oxygen levels.

Higher oxygen content and transport characterize high-altitude ethnic Tibetan women with the highest lifetime reproductive success

We chose the "natural laboratory" provided by high-altitude native ethnic Tibetan women who had completed childbearing to examine the hypothesis that multiple oxygen delivery traits were associated with lifetime reproductive success and had genomic associations. Four hundred seventeen (417) women aged 46 to 86 y residing at ≥3,500 m in Upper Mustang, Nepal, provided information on reproductive histories, sociocultural factors, physiological measurements, and DNA samples for this observational cohort study. Simultaneously assessing multiple traits identified combinations associated with lifetime reproductive success measured as the number of livebirths. Women with the most livebirths had distinctive hematological and cardiovascular traits. A hemoglobin concentration near the sample mode and a high percent of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin raised arterial oxygen concentration without risking elevated blood viscosity. We propose ongoing stabilizing selection on hemoglobin concentration because extreme values predicted fewer livebirths and directional selection favoring higher oxygen saturation because higher values had more predicted livebirths. EPAS1, an oxygen homeostasis locus with strong signals of positive natural selection and a high frequency of variants occurring only among populations indigenous to the Tibetan Plateau, associated with hemoglobin concentration. High blood flow into the lungs, wide left ventricles, and low hypoxic heart rate responses aided effective convective oxygen transport to tissues. Women with physiologies closer to unstressed, low altitude values had the highest lifetime reproductive success. This example of ethnic Tibetan women residing at high altitudes in Nepal links reproductive fitness with trait combinations increasing oxygen delivery under severe hypoxic stress and demonstrates ongoing natural selection.

Low oxygen saturation and discordant arterial blood gas measures have diagnosed a case of hemoglobinopathy

Pulse oximeter is a simple non-invasive equipment used to determine patient’s arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). However, in some people, arterial blood gas measures (SaO2) are normal and low SpO2 values are related to hemoglobin variant rather than cardiac or pulmonary illnesses. Aim. We present a case of thalassemia that manifested with low SpO2 and discordant SaO2. Conclusion. When examining a patient with an unusually low SpO2, the differential diagnosis of a suspected hemoglobin variant should be investigated. Establishing an accurate diagnosis as soon as possible may help avoid unnecessary tests.