Levels Of Oxidative Parameters Research Articles

Potential therapeutic properties of broccoli extract and soy isoflavones on improvement endometriosis and involved oxidative parameters.

In Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity that is associated with chronic pelvic pain and subfertility. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of broccoli extract (BE) alone and in combination with soy isoflavones (SI) on endometrial implants in female rat. In this study, endometriosis was induced surgically in 40 mature female rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups that were treated by oral gavage for 6weeks with 0.5 mL of saline 0.9 %/day (control group), BE (3,000 mg/kg/day), SI (50 mg/kg/day), BE/soy isoflavones (BE 3000 mg/kg/day+soy isoflavones 50 mg/kg/day) and diphereline as a standard medication (3 mg/kg) intramuscularly. At the end of treatments, the volume and histopathology of the endometrial implants were compared among the 5 groups. The serum levels of oxidative parameters including superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were also compared between the groups. The volume of the implants significantly decreased in diphereline group (p=0.002). The histopathological grade of endometrial implants in BE/SI and diphereline group were significantly decreased compared to the control group (p=0.001). The serum levels of SOD in BE group were enhanced significantly in comparison to the control group (p=0.034). BE in combination with SI decreased the growth and histopathologic grades of transplanted endometrial implants. These herbal compounds may have the potential therapeutic effect to be used as an alternative medication for the treatment of endometriosis.

The influence of Nrf2 gene promoter methylation on gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in preeclampsia

Background and aimsPreeclampsia (PE) is a serious medical condition that usually causes high blood pressure and affects multiple organs. Considering the adverse effect of oxidative stress on the process of PE in pregnant women and regarding the role of the Nrf2 gene in placental oxidative pathways, this study was conducted to investigate the DNA methylation status of Nrf2 in PE and healthy pregnant women.Materials and methodsThe present case-control study consisted of 70 PE and 70 healthy pregnant women. Blood and placenta samples were taken from all subjects, and the percentage of the Nrf2 gene methylation in the samples was assessed by the Methyl Light PCR method. Also, the Nrf2 gene expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative status (TOS) were measured by the colorimetric method.ResultsIn PE women, there was a significant increase in blood pressure, term of pregnancy, and BMI. In addition, there were enhanced Nrf2 DNA methylation percentage in placenta tissue and increased TOS levels in placenta tissue and blood compared to healthy pregnant women (P < 0.05). Also, in the PE group, there was a significant decrease in Nrf2 gene expression and TAC level in placenta tissue compared to the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe Nrf2 gene undergoes epigenetic modifications of DNA hypermethylation in the PE placenta. Decreased expression of this gene and the changes in the level of oxidative parameters (TAC, TOS) confirm it.

In Vitro and In Vivo Improvement of Islet Quality and Transplantation Successes following Islet Treatment with Biomaterials in Diabetic Rats.

Loss of islet survival and function, caused by native niche disruption and oxidative stress induction during mechanical and enzymatic isolation, limits the effectiveness of islet transplantation. Reconstitution of islet microenvironment, vascularization, and decreased oxidative stress with biomaterials may improve islet quality and graft outcomes. We investigated effects of two biomaterials, platelet-rich plasma and pancreatic islets homogenate combination on islet recovery and quality by evaluating in vitro islet survival, secretory function, and oxidative stress parameters and assessing in vivo transplantation outcomes. In vitro, islet viability and secretory function of isolated islets were assessed after 24 h and 72 h incubation with biomaterials. Also, oxidative stress markers were measured once after isolation and 24 h after incubation with biomaterials. For evaluating in vivo effects, cultured islets for 24 h were transplanted into subscapular space of diabetic rat kidney, and outcomes were analyzed by measuring serum glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance test, level of oxidative parameters, and pancreatic gene expression. Treating islets with biomaterials significantly increased their viability and secretory function, reduced MDA level, and elevate SOD and CAT activity. Decreased level of glucose and MDA improved insulin level, increased SOD activity, and also enhanced pdx1 and insulin gene expression in diabetic rats after islet transplantation. Biomaterials used in the present study should be consider as beneficial materials for increasing islet transplantation outcome. These materials may hamper transplantation limitation to some extent.

Adenosine Triphosphate Exerts Cardioprotective Effect on High-Dose Atorvastatin-Induced Heart Damage in Rats

Atorvastatin is a statin derivated hypolipidemic drug used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. High-dose atorvastatin has been shown to significantly reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in the heart tissue. Reduction of ATP by atorvastatin causes increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased antioxidants, subsequent cell membrane and mitochondrial damage. The present study aimed to biochemically investigate the protective effect of ATP against possible cardiac damage caused by high dose atorvastatin in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into atorvastatin (ATR), atorvastatin+ATP (AAT) and healthy control (HG) groups. ATP at a 25 mg/kg dose was injected intraperitoneally (ip) to the AAT (n-6) group. 0.9% NaCl as solvent was applied to the ATR (n-6) and HG (n-6) groups by the same route. Afterward, atorvastatin was administered orally at a dose of 20 mg/kg to the AAT and ATR groups. This procedure was repeated once daily for four weeks. At the end of this period, blood samples were taken into tubes to analyze troponin-I (TP-I) by cardiac puncture before animals were sacrificed with high-dose anesthesia. In addition, heart tissues were removed and malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH), total oxidant (TOS) and total antioxidant (TAS) levels were measured. Biochemical test results showed that in the heart tissues of the ATR group, the oxidative parameters MDA and TOS significantly increased, while the antioxidant parameters tGSH and TAS significantly decreased compared to AAT and HG. Atorvastatin alone administration significantly increased blood TP-I levels, a marker of cardiac tissue damage. However, ATP administration to AAT group animals brought oxidative parameter levels closer to HG, despite high-dose atorvastatin treatment. In addition, the significant decrease in antioxidant levels was prevented by ATP application. High doses of atorvastatin can cause heart damage. ATP treatment was able to prevent atorvastatin-induced oxidative heart damage.

Antifilarial Screening and Oxidative Role of Isolated Fraction from Aegle Marmelos Corr. Leaves Extract

In the present work antifilarial active fraction was isolated from the leaves Chloroform extract of Aegle marmelos Corr. evaluated in vitro for antifilarial activity and studied the possible oxidative role against Setaria cervi parasite. Antifilarial study was carried out with isolated fractions by worm motility and MTT assays. Complete parasite motility inhibition was observed at 0.002 to 0.08 mg/mL in motility assay and in MTT assay plant fraction gave &gt; 50% reduction 58.9, 74.6 and 97.2% at concentrations 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 mg/mL at 10, 6 and 2 hours incubation period respectively (p&lt; 0.05). Inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 0.015 mg/mL. Oxidative parameters levels for MDA, Carbonyl content and Nitric oxide were identified as antifilarial activity achieved. The level of oxidative parameters was calculated in dose dependent manners as compared to the control level. The antifilarial activity of isolated fraction is associated with the oxidative mechanism in this study.

Piper umbellatum L. (Piperaceae): Phytochemical profiles of the hydroethanolic leaf extract and intestinal anti-inflammatory mechanisms on 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevancePiper umbellatum L. leaves, commonly found in the Amazon, Cerrado and Atlantic rain forest regions of Brazil, are widely used as a traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and inflammation, among others diseases. Also, previous scientific studies demonstrated that P. umbellatum has gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity. AimTo investigate the phytochemical profiles and the intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of the hydroethanolic extract of P. umbellatum (HEPu) leaf on ulcerative colitis in rats. Materials and methodsIn this study, the chemical composition of HEPu was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Also, this work studied the effects of HEPu on ulcerative colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 30 mg/mL in 20% ethanol) by intrarectal administration in rats. Simultaneously, animals were pre-treated orally with HEPu (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg), mesalazine (500 mg/kg), or vehicle. At the end of the experimental period, clinical signs of ulcerative colitis were evaluated by determination of weight loss, gross appearance, ulcer area and histological changes. Reduced glutathione (GSH), lipoperoxides (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined in colon tissues. Also, pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL- 1β) were quantified by immunoassay on the surface of fluorescent-coded magnetic beads (Luminex MagPix System). ResultsGC-MS analysis showed the presence of 17 different phytochemical compounds in the HEPu. LC/MS analyses revealed the presence of compounds in HEPu as protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, kaempferol, rosmarinic acid, apigenin and ursolic acid. Treatment with HEPu significantly ameliorated weight loss, macroscopic damage, ulcerated area and histopathological changes such as sub-mucosal edema, cell infiltration, ulceration and necrosis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, HEPu (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p.o) inhibited the levels of oxidative parameters, such as MPO (49%, 53%, and 62%, p < 0.001), NO (20%, 19%, 22%, p < 0.01), and MDA (75%, 83%, 70%, p < 0.001), whereas increased the antioxidant activities such as SOD (208%, 192%, 64%, p < 0.001), GSH (94%, 75%, 49%, p < 0.01), and CAT (92%, 69%, 108%, p < 0.01). The extract also inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (81%, 85%, 85%, p < 0.001) and IL-1β (95%, 79%, 89%, p < 0.001) levels. ConclusionTogether, these results revealed that P. umbellatum L. is a promising source of metabolites to be used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.

Oxidative stress in alopecia areata: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Several studies have investigated the oxidative stress parameters in alopecia areata (AA) patients with variable results. This study aims to analyze the association between oxidative stress and AA based on current literature. A systematic review of the existing literature was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases by two authors independently. Mean and standard deviation values of oxidative stress parameters of AA patients and healthy controls were extracted for quantitative analysis. A total of 18 studies were included in the analysis. Patients with AA had impaired oxidative balance with elevated levels of serum malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and total oxidant capacity and lower levels of serum superoxide dismutase, paraoxonase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity. Levels of oxidative parameters were significantly higher in severe AA compared to mild/moderate AA. Heterogeneity in the baseline characteristics of the included studies and limited available data for most parameters were the limitations of this study. Current evidence suggests that AA is associated with oxidative stress. More studies are needed to strengthen this association. Moreover, studies evaluating the role of antioxidant use in AA may be rewarding.

P-Coumaric acid ameliorates ethanol–induced kidney injury by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production and NF–κB signaling in rats

Objective: To examine the effects of p-coumaric acid on ethanol-induced kidney injury in Swiss Wistar rats. Methods: Ethanol (25% v/v) was used to induce nephrotoxicity in rats. p-Coumaric acid was orally administered at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight. The levels of oxidative parameters were determined; pro-inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed by Western blotting and apoptotic protein was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Ethanol treated rats showed decreased levels of antioxidants and aberrant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL1P, TNF-α), NF-κB activation and imbalance of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3). Meanwhile, jp-coumaric acid restored antioxidant levels and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB, and pro- apoptotic proteins and increased Bcl-2 expression. Conclusions: jp-Coumaric acid ameliorates ethanol-induced kidney injury by restoring antioxidant production and suppressing cellular apoptosis and inhibiting NF-κB expression. jp-Coumaric acid should be further investigated as a promising candidate for ethanol-induced kidney toxicity.

Protective Effect of Increased Zinc Supply against Oxidative Damage of Sublingual Gland in Chronic Exposure to Cadmium: Experimental Study on Rats.

Cadmium is one of the main chemical pollutants found in the daily environment of developed countries. Cigarettes are a significant source of that metal, which makes it important in terms of oral cavity health. The aim of this study was to determine if increased supply of zinc in chronic exposure to cadmium might protect the sublingual gland structure against oxidative damage. The experiment took 12 months and was conducted on 72 adult male rats. They were randomized into 9 groups. Eight groups received cadmium in drinking water (as CdCl2) at 5 or 50 mg Cd/dm3 and/or zinc (as ZnCl2) at 30 or 60 mg Zn/dm3. The control group received regular water. In the sublingual gland of all animal groups, levels of oxidative parameters were measured. The oxidative stress index was calculated as a TOS/TAS ratio. Cadmium exposure at 5 mg and 50 mg Cd/dm3 induced oxidative stress in the sublingual glands of the rats. Cadmium reduced the TAS and GSH levels and increased LPO, H2O2, TOS, and OSI. In cadmium exposure conditions, increasing the supply of zinc by 79% or 151%, as compared to the standard dietary intake of this microelement, completely prevented the reduction of TAS and GSH levels and accumulation of LPO, H2O2, and TOS in the examined gland at both exposure levels to that metal. The outcome data confirm the protective effect of increased zinc intake on the sublingual gland tissue in chronic cadmium exposure.

Investigation of PON1 activity and MDA levels in patients with epilepsy not receiving antiepileptic treatment.

PurposeThere are many studies dedicated to researching the etiopathogenesis of epilepsy. In such research, oxidative and antioxidant indicators of etiopathogenesis have also been examined under the scope. Drawing on a group of patients with epilepsy who were receiving no treatment, we have tried to evaluate whether or not an increase in oxidative indicators is linked directly with the disorder, independent of epileptic medicaments.MethodsThirty people in good health and 30 newly diagnosed with epilepsy and who received ambulatory treatment in the polyclinic of the Neurology Department took part in the study. The tests relating to serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity were carried out in the biochemistry laboratory.ResultsEven though the levels of MDA in the patient group (14.34±3.59 nmol/mL) were found to be high compared to those of the control group, which consisted of people in good health (13.53±3.56 nmol/mL), there was no statistically significant difference. PON1 activity in the serum taken from people in the patient group (0.65±0.17) was lower in comparison to that observed in the serum of the control group (0.71±0.17 U/L). Nonetheless, it was not so low as to have significance from a statistical point of view.ConclusionWe conclude that such a high level of oxidative parameters should have been related to the disease and that statistically significant findings that emerged in some other studies could have been related to an antiepileptic treatment.

α-lipoic acid protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in rats

It is well established that the brain is sensitive to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)‑induced injury. α‑lipoic acid (LA), a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, has a neuroprotective effect against cerebral I/R‑induced injury, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether LA was able to protect against cerebral I/R‑induced injury and to examine the potential mechanisms. The neuroprotective effects of LA were investigated in a rat model of transient focal ischemia induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Adult male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly assigned into the sham, cerebral I/R injury model and model plus LA groups. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by 90 min MCAO followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Cerebral infarct size was detected by 2,3,5‑triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Neurological deficit score (NDS), brain water content and oxidative parameters, including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), total antioxidant capacity (T‑AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The expression of cleaved caspase‑3, brain‑derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate 3‑kinase (PI3K), p‑Akt and phosphorylated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (p‑ERK1/2) were also analyzed using western blotting. The present study demonstrated that pretreatment with LA significantly decreased the infarction size, brain water content and improved NDS. LA reversed the levels of oxidative parameters, including MDA, NO, T‑AOC and SOD to their normal state in rat brains following cerebral I/R. Furthermore, the expression of cleaved caspase‑3 markedly decreased and the expression of BDNF, PI3K, p‑Akt and p‑ERK1/2 significantly increased following administration of LA. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that LA protected the brain from cerebral I/R damage by attenuation of oxidative stress and caspase‑dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, LA exerts its neuroprotective effects potentially through activation of the BDNF‑PI3K/Akt‑ERK1/2 pathway.

The Effect of Raw Soybean on Oxidative Status of Digestive Organs in Mice

The present study was undertaken to specify the effect of raw soybean on oxidative status of digestive organs in mice. For this purpose, thirty male (C57BL/6J) mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed on different diets as follows: Group 1 was fed on control diet, Group 2 was fed on raw soybean diet and Group 3 was fed on raw soybean diet supplemented with 30 mg/kg cysteamine. After two weeks of feeding, duodenum, liver and pancreas samples were collected to measure oxidative and antioxidative parameters. The results show that ingestion of raw soybean markedly increased contents of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), T-AOC and content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in digestive organs of mice (P < 0.05). In the group fed with raw soybean diet supplemented with cysteamine, oxidative stress was mitigated. However, oxidative parameter levels were still higher than those of control diet-fed group. The present study indicates that ingestion of raw soybean could result in an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant, and thus induce oxidative stress in digestive organs of mice.

Fetal cerebral energy metabolism and electrocardiogram during experimental umbilical cord occlusion and resuscitation

Objective. The purpose of this experimental study was to elucidate alterations in fetal energy metabolism in relation to ECG changes during extreme fetal asphyxia, postnatal resuscitation and the immediate post-resuscitatory phase.Study design. Five near-term fetal sheep were subjected to umbilical cord occlusion until cardiac arrest followed by delivery, resuscitation and postnatal pressure-controlled ventilation. Four sheep served as sham controls and were delivered immediately after ligation of the umbilical cord. Fetal ECG was analysed online for changes of the ST segment. Fetal metabolism was monitored by intracerebral and subcutaneous microdialysis catheters.Results. Fetal ECG reacted on cord occlusion with an increase in the T-wave height followed by changes in intracerebral levels of oxidative parameters. Cerebral lactate/pyruvate ratio and glutamate increased to median (range) of 240 (200–744) and 34.0 (22.6–60.5) mmol/l, respectively; both parameters returned to baseline after resuscitation. Cerebral glucose decreased to 0.1 (0.08–0.12) mmol/l after occlusion and increased above baseline upon resuscitation. In subcutaneous tissue as well as blood the increase in lactate occurred with a delay compared to cerebral levels.Conclusion. The fetal ECG changes related to asphyxia preceded the increase in excitotoxicity as determined by increase in cerebral glutamate during asphyxia. Cerebral lactate increase was superior to subcutaneous lactate increase.

Oxidative stress induces the expression of the major histocompatibility complex in murine tumor cells

The effect of t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) on the induction of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I genes has been studied in two cell clones (B9 and G2) of the methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcoma GR9. These two clones were selected based on their different biological and biochemical behavior specially related to their tumor induction capability when injected into a BALB/c mouse. t-BOOH (0.125mM) induced the expression of H-2 molecules in both cell clones. In B9 cell clone, in which MHC basal expression is very low or absent, t-BOOH significantly induced H-2Kd, H-2Dd and H-2Ld molecules. In G2 cell clone the expression of MHC class I genes was also enhanced by the xenobiotic, the effect being especially significant on the H-2Ld molecule which is not expressed under basal conditions. H-2 molecules expression was accompanied by the activation of the transactivator factor NFκB. These results suggest that oxidative stress may modulate the antigen expression of tumor cells and thus the immune response of the host organism.Basal levels of oxidative parameters, such as anti-oxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde (MDA) and the DNA damaged base 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), showed differences between the two fibrosarcoma cell clones.