Obesity Levels Research Articles

Cardiometabolic Index is associated with heart failure: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES

IntroductionHeart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by impaired cardiac function. Despite improvements in treatment, the prevalence of heart failure continues to rise. The Cardiometabolic Index (CMI), a novel measure combining abdominal obesity and lipid levels, has emerged as a potential predictor of cardiac metabolic risk.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) involving 22,586 participants to investigate the association between CMI and heart failure. Multivariable logistic regression models and RCS analysis were used to explore the association between heart failure and CMI after adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analyses were performed among populations with different demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsOur results revealed a significant positive correlation between CMI and heart failure, with odds ratios of 2.77 and 1.87 for the highest quartile after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analyses indicated heightened risks among older adults and those with hypertension or diabetes. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CMI offers good diagnostic value for heart failure, surpassing traditional measures like BMI.DiscussionOur findings suggest that CMI is a valuable tool for assessing the risk of heart failure, particularly in individuals with increased abdominal obesity or abnormal lipid profiles. This highlights the importance of addressing cardiac metabolic health in both prevention and treatment strategies for heart failure. Future research should focus on exploring causal relationships and refining predictive models that incorporate CMI to enhance early detection and intervention.

Stable prevalence of overweight but increasing levels of obesity in adolescents in surveys of 42982 children in China 2010 to 2020.

Excessive weight gain in childhood has been associated with poor health outcomes throughout life span and has a strong tracking effect in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and severe obesity among Chinese children from 2010 to 2020. A total of 42 982 Chinese children aged 2-18 years were included in the Chinese Family Panel Studies carried out every 2 years from 2010 to 2020. Height and mass were reported by them or by their guardians and body mass index was calculated. The prevalence was estimated according to the International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. There was no significant trend in the prevalence of overweight. The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity for the total population decreased from 8.3% and 3.7% in 2010 to 7.1% and 2.6% in 2020, respectively (p < 0.001). However, these decreases were attributed mostly to children aged 2-6 years and the prevalence increased among children aged 13-18 years. Male, rural residential area and younger age were risk factors for overweight and obesity. A decrease in the prevalence of excessive weight was a positive finding, but strategies that promote the health and well-being of priority populations were needed.

Circulating interleukin-33 levels in obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are increasingly prevalent worldwide, and there is a critical need for novel interventions. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates metabolism, is a promising biomarker for these conditions. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the role of IL-33 in obesity and T2D, assessing its potential in predicting disease progression. A systematic search was performed on Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed up until May 30, 2023. Each study was assessed for quality and sources of bias using the relevant critical appraisal checklists. Meta-analyses were conducted to compare IL-33 levels in individuals with obesity and T2D versus healthy controls (HC), and in obesity alone versus HC. Eighteen studies were included in the systematic review, and nine qualified for meta-analyses. The analyses showed insufficient evidence to suggest a significant difference in IL-33 levels between individuals with T2D and HC (mean difference, MD = -79.95, 95% CI [-241.38; 81.48]), with substantial heterogeneity across the studies observed (I2 = 97.1%, τ2 = 33,549.15). Similarly, there was insufficient evidence to suggest a significant difference between nondiabetic individuals with obesity and HC (MD = -7.31, 95% CI [-25.74; 11.13]), and heterogeneity was noted (I2 = 86.2%, τ2 = 342.45). There is insufficient evidence to indicate significant differences in IL-33 levels in individuals with T2D or obesity compared with HC. The results suggest a need for improved IL-33 measurement methods to reduce heterogeneity, enhancing understanding of the role of IL-33 in obesity and T2D, and informing future research and therapeutic strategies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our research finds an inconclusive relationship between IL-33 serum levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and nondiabetic individuals with obesity. In addition, we note a potential gender association with IL-33 serum levels. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to assess the significance of serum IL-33 in T2D and obesity. Urgent standardization is needed in IL-33 quantification and reporting methods for reliable comparisons.

Pummelo fruit extract (Citrus maxima) reduces oxidative damage in peripheral blood of obese patients.

To verify the level of oxidation of biomolecules in the peripheral blood of obese patients before and after incubation with the pummelo pulp extract at 25mg/mL. This investigation included 241 individuals, distributed across the following groups: control (n=69; 30 men and 39 women); pre-obesity (n=78; 29 men and 49 women); level I obesity (n=62; 20 men and 42 women); and level II or III obesity (n=32; 11 men and 21 women). TBARS and MN levels were significantly altered by incubation with pummelo extract in both genders and in all the groups according to their obesity level. Another alteration in the antioxidant profile of the samples was a significant increase in vitamin C levels observed after incubation with pummelo extract in all experimental groups. The aqueous extract of pummelo pulp showed in vitro biological activity against the oxidation of biomolecules, suggesting that its bioactive compounds may bring health benefits of obese patients.

High-Risk Influential Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases among Young Adults.

The aim of this study was to compare high-risk influential factors for cardiovascular diseases among different young adults. It was a retrospective study carried out from January 2020 to 2022. A total of 700 young adults who underwent a physical examination or were hospitalised at the Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, P. R. China. The participants were divided into three groups: Young social health examinees (n = 300), who underwent physical examinations in January 2020; young medical workers (n = 300), young hospital employees who underwent physical examinations in January 2020; and young myocardial infarction patients (n = 100), who were hospitalised with myocardial infarction from January 2019 to 2021. Analysis was performed on the cardiovascular high-risk influential factors of different young adults. The proportions of males, smoking history, drinking history, hypertension history, lack of exercise, high stress, obesity, fatty liver levels of serum uric acid (UA), body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and weight in the young myocardial infarction patient group were higher than the other two groups while the HDL levels were lower than those of the latter two groups (p <0.05). The proportions of drinking history, hypertension history, lack of exercise, and high stress levels of UA, DBP, and SBP in the young medical worker group were higher than those in the young social health examinee group (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that males, high stress, obesity, high DBP and SBP levels were independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in young adults (p <0.05). High-risk influential factors of cardiovascular diseases in young adults include males, high stress, obesity, high blood pressure, etc. Key Words: Young people, Cardiovascular system, Medical workers, High-risk influential factors.

Bundling of unhealthy food products in Johannesburg, South Africa: an exploratory study.

South Africa has high levels of obesity and overweight, which contribute to non-communicable diseases and are associated with poor diets high in ultra-processed foods. Bundling occurs when two or more products are packaged and sold together, often at a discount and is a marketing strategy for unhealthy foods. Given the paucity of data on bundling of unhealthy foods, this exploratory study sought to document how unhealthy foods are bundled together to be more attractive to consumers in Johannesburg, South Africa. Fifty food outlets were included and compared across two regions. In-store photos were taken of bundles and individual items, and data were captured on the costs of the bundle and of individual components. Descriptive analysis and the contents of the bundles based on the photographs and promotional material were conducted. Almost half of all outlets had more than five bundles and nearly a quarter had bundles targeting children. Most children's meals were burgers, and all had fries as part of the bundle. The average savings per bundle when compared to the combined cost of individual items was R21,39 overall, or 18%. The study demonstrated that unhealthy food bundling is a common practice in food outlets in Johannesburg, often with cost advantages and promotional appeal. Policy options for promoting a favourable food environment include regulating portion sizes of bundles and offering healthy options as part of a bundle. Marketing food to children by bundling unhealthy food with toys is of particular concern and is prohibited in the recently gazetted Regulations Relating to the Labelling and Advertising of Foodstuffs.

Coexistence between anxiety and depression disorders in obese people: a scope review

Introduction: anxiety and depression disorders represent important pathological mental health conditions with an increasing prevalence worldwide. As well as obesity, which has an estimated prevalence of 18.9% in the Brazilian population. Such pathological situations are quite harmful to health, and may or may not be associated with each other. However, the identification of the occurrence of both disorders in obese people is negatively affected due to the need for more expanded diagnostic studies. Given this pathological potential to derogate health, the coexistence between the aforementioned disorders in obese people deserves an in-depth look by health professionals, especially those involved in primary care. Objective: was to analyze the evidence on the prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders in obese patients. Methods: scope review, registered in PROSPERO and prepared according to PRISMA-ScR, based on the research question structured in the acronym PVO, from which the descriptors used in the Boolean search for scientific articles were extracted, which were evaluated and selected blindly among the evaluators, based on in the eligibility criteria. The databases consulted in January 2023 were Pubmed (Medline), Web of Science and Scopus. The assessment of the methodological quality or risk of bias of the articles was carried out using the Critical Assessment of Studies with Prevalence Data (CASPD-JBI) tool. Results: nine articles were included, bringing together female participants (64%) and men (36%) with different classes of obesity, aged between 20 and 40 years. The simultaneous coexistence of anxiety and depression in obese people has been identified. Among the studies included, 56% were evaluated with high methodological quality and 44% were with moderate quality. Conclusion: although more studies with greater methodological rigor are still needed, we consider that the concomitant prevalence of anxiety and depression disorders is high in patients with different levels of obesity, especially in those with severe obesity. This suggests the inclusion of the evaluation of these psychological disorders in the evaluation portfolio of obese people, for a better therapeutic approach.

Correlation analysis of LXR and its target genes COX2 and CETP with the severity of OSAHS in obese young rats.

To analyse the relationships between the expression levels of liver X receptor (LXR), cyclooxygenase-2(COX2) and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) in obese young rats, to obtain information for basic research on OSAHS in obese children. Twenty-four 3-4-week-old young rats were randomly assigned to the normal control group, obesity group, OSAHS group, obesity and OSAHS group. We used polysomnography to measure the obstructive apnoea hypopnoea index (OAHI) to assess the severity of OSAHS and western blotting to test the expression levels of LXRα, COX2, and CETP in the liver, heart, kidney, and brain tissues. LXR, COX2, and CETP expression levels in the remaining groups were considerably higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the obesity group, LXRα, COX2, and CETP expression levels in the obesity and OSAHS group were considerably greater in the liver, kidney, and heart tissues (P < 0.05); the brain tissues of the obesity and OSAHS group showed considerably higher expression levels of COX2 and CETP (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the OSAHS group, LXRα, COX2, and CETP expression levels in the obesity and OSAHS group were significantly greater in all tissues (P < 0.05). The expression levels of LXRα, COX2, and CETP and obesity increased with increasing OSAHS severity (r = 0.777, P < 0.01; r = 0.728, P < 0.01; r = 0.793, P < 0.01; r = 0.786, P < 0.01; and r = 0.698, P < 0.01), and the oxygen concentration increased with decreasing OSAHS severity(r=-0.576, P < 0.01). LXR, COX2, and CETP expression levels were significantly increased in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues of young rats with obesity and OSAHS, and were positively correlated with the severity of OSAHS.

Association between metabolic syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development in young individuals: a nationwide cohort study

BackgroundThe association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been studied well, particularly in young individuals. We investigated the risk of COPD development in young individuals based on MetS and its components.MethodsWe used the Korean National Health Information Database to identify 6,891,400 individuals aged 20–39 years who participated in the national health check-up service between 2009 and 2012. Then, we identified individuals with MetS and investigated COPD development based on health insurance claims. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for the risk of COPD development.ResultsDuring a mean follow-up period of 8.35 years, 13,784 individuals were newly diagnosed with COPD. MetS was associated with an increased risk of COPD (aHR, 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–1.24). Among the MetS components, except for hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity (aHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.19–1.34), hypertension (aHR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01–1.10), hypertriglyceridemia (aHR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07–1.16), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (aHR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.11–1.22) were significantly associated with COPD development. A higher number of MetS components correlated with an increased risk of COPD development, with the highest risk observed when all five MetS components were present (aHR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.28–1.87).ConclusionMetS was associated with COPD development in young individuals. The risk of COPD development increased along with the increasing number of MetS components. These findings suggest that careful monitoring for COPD development is necessary in young individuals with MetS, especially those with multiple components of MetS.

The association of the rs4588 and rs7041 polymorphisms of the VDBP gene and vitamin D status in obese individuals

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in bone metabolism, regulating phosphorus and calcium in the body. The VD binding protein (VDBP) binds to VD metabolites and transports them to the target tissues; it is assumed that polymorphisms of this gene influence the absorption of VD in the body. However, the relationship between polymorphisms of the VDBP gene and blood VD levels in obesity has not yet been sufficiently investigated. AIM: To identify the relationship of blood VD content (form 25(OH)D3) of obese and non-obese persons and the VDBP gene polymorphisms rs4588 and rs7041. METHODS: 80 residents of the Kaliningrad region participated in the study. The participants were divided according to VD status (norm, insuffient, deficiency and severe deficiency) and body mass index (BMI). Blood VD levels were determined using an ELISA. Genomic DNA was isolated from whole blood. Restriction analysis was performed with the endonucleases HaeIII and ErhI to determine the VDBP gene polymorphisms. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in blood VD levels of obese and non-obese individuals. Within the genotypes of the rs4588 polymorphism (CA), VD levels did not differ in individuals with different BMI (CС p=0.186; CA p=0.350, AA data is insufficient). However, when analyzing the allele frequencies in groups with different VD status, a significant difference was found in all groups compared to the control (insufficient p=0.009; deficiency p=0.010; severe deficiency p0.001). When analyzing the rs7041 polymorphism of the VDBP gene (TG), splitting groups by BMI within specific genotypes did not reveal differences in VD levels (TG p=0.150; GG p=0.087; TT data is insufficient), but we found a significant difference between control and severe deficiency (p0.001) based on allele frequencies of the rs7041 polymorphism. CONCLUSION: The VD content in blood of the obese individuals was comparable to that of the control group. The presence of the VDBP gene rs7041 and rs4588 polymorphisms has no influence on blood VD level, regardless of BMI. However, allele A of the rs4588 polymorphism is associated with an unfavorable VD status, while allele G of the rs7041 polymorphism is associated with normal blood VD levels.

Risk Factors Associated with Mood Disorders in Canada

Background: Mental health presents a profound challenge globally, affecting around 970 million individuals. In Canada, mental disorders significantly impact the well-being of society and individuals, with one in three Canadians expected to face a mental problem during their lifetime. However, the utilization of mental health services is low, and a large proportion of the population does not have access to effective care. Objectives: This study was designed to identify key sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors associated with the prevalence of mood disorders among Canadians, thereby aiding in the development of targeted interventions. Methods: Utilizing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2017-2018, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, incorporating the sampling weights to make the inference representative of the Canadian population. Bootstrap weighting was applied to the multivariable associations to ensure robust variance estimates. Results: Females (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.86-2.16) and individuals with higher obesity levels (pre-obesity: OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.05; obesity class 3: OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.88-3.00) were more likely to experience mood disorders. Conversely, higher income levels (&gt;$80,000: OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49-0.66; $60,000-$79,999: OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.77) and immigrant status (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.43-0.56) were linked to a lower prevalence of mood disorders. Being unmarried was also associated with lower odds of mood disorders. Furthermore, additional factors such as higher education, increased life stress, and smoking were found to significantly influence the prevalence of mood disorders. Conclusions: The prevalence of mood disorders in Canada is influenced by various factors, with significant gender disparities. These findings can assist policymakers and healthcare professionals in developing targeted interventions and allocating resources effectively to meet the specific needs of at-risk populations. Future research is necessary to address these determinants.

Methylation of the ESR1 promoters in visceral adipose tissue and its relationship with obesity.

Obesity is associated with decreased ESR1 expression level in visceral adipose tissue. However, it is unclear exactly what mechanisms are responsible for this decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of aberrant methylation of the ESR1 alternative promoters on decreased ESR1 expression and its connection to obesity. Visceral adipose tissues and peripheral blood cells were obtained from 21 patients (non-obese and obese) undergoing inguinal hernia or gallbladder removal. Alternative promoter regions, C, E2 and F of the ESR1 gene, were analyzed by Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) and mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) in both visceral adipose tissue and peripheral blood cells. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS (23.0). The methylation percentage in the three promoter regions of ESR1 was not different in obese individuals compared to non-obese individuals. We observed that promoter C had the highest methylation frequency in obese patients, although it was not statistically significant. Additionally, we observed that the hypermethylation of ESR1's promoter C was significantly associated with lower mRNA expression level in obesity (p = 0.020). This study suggests that methylation of ESR1 promoter C may be a factor in the development of obesity or a consequence of obesity. Further studies with advanced methods and larger study groups are needed to clarify this issue.

Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes, Overweight, Obesity, and Metabolic Syndrome in Adults in Bogotá, Colombia, 2022-2023: A Cross‑Sectional Population Survey.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of type 2 diabetes, overweight/obesity, and metabolic syndrome in individuals aged >18 years in Bogotá, Colombia and the variables associated with diabetes prevalence. Research Design and Methods: This was a cross‑sectional population survey with a representative, probabilistic sample of Bogotá, Colombia collected between 2022 and 2023. The final sample size included 2,860 households, distributed among 19 localities of Bogotá. Clinical laboratory samples were taken from randomly selected individuals (n = 1,070). Data on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and Latin American Diabetes Association (ALAD) criteria for metabolic syndrome were collected, including physical measurements. Results: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Bogotá was 11.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0-13.5%). According to the ATP III and ALAD criteria, the prevalence proportions of metabolic syndrome were 33.9% (95% CI, 29.5-38.6) and 29.3% (95% CI, 26.1-32.7), respectively. The age of ≥55 years, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and noneducational level had higher adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) of diabetes. The APRs of metabolic syndrome were higher in adults with a low education level (LEL) and female sex, with the ATP III and ALAD criteria, and noninsured adults or those with unknown affiliation with the healthcare system, with the ATP III criteria. Conclusions: We found a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes in adults in Bogotá than expected in previous studies. Intervention from public policy should be requested, especially in those of lowest socioeconomic and education levels, to avoid a future increase in this prevalence. Studies on other Colombian cities are required.

Investigation of the relationship between digital obesity status and alexithymia in young people aged 10-24

In today's rapidly digitalizing world, concepts such as digital obesity and alexithymia are becoming increasingly important. The aim of this study is to examine the concepts of digital obesity and alexithymia to understand the effects of these phenomena and prevention behaviors. In this way, it is aimed to raise awareness about the effects of digital technologies on health and contribute to individuals developing healthier digital habits. This study carried out a descriptive correlational study with individuals between the ages of 10-24 (n: 391) in schools affiliated with the Ağrı Provincial Directorate of National Education and Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University between May 2023 and July 2023. The SPSS-22 package program and R programming language 4.1.3 were used in the study. It was found that the level of alexithymia increased as the digital obesity status of young people increased (t = 7.978; p = 0.001). Furthermore, it was determined that the Elastic Net Regression method is the best model that can be used to predict the alexithymia level. According to the Shapley value, the most important variable in predicting alexithymia was found to be digital obesity. The study determined that as the level of digital obesity increased, alexithymia also increased. In the fight against digital obesity and alexithymia, educational programs and guidance services can be provided to encourage individuals to develop conscious digital usage habits. Keywords: young people, digital obesity, alexithymia

Ambient air pollution, urban green space and childhood overweight and obesity: A health impact assessment for Barcelona, Spain

BackgroundThe burden of childhood overweight and obesity attributable to ambient air pollution and a lack of urban green spaces (UGS) remains unknown. This study aimed to estimate the attributable cases of childhood overweight and obesity due to air pollution and insufficient UGS exposure in Barcelona, Spain. MethodsWe applied a quantitative health impact assessment approach. We collected childhood overweight and obesity prevalence levels and exposure data from 69 spatial basic health zones in Barcelona. We estimated particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels using land use regression models, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) levels using remote sensing and percentage of green area (%GA) using land use. We estimated relative risks, population attributable fractions, and preventable overweight/obesity cases in children under following scenarios: Compliance of World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines (AQGs) for (1) PM2.5 and (2) NO2; achieving (3) city-target NDVI levels and (4) 25% green area (%GA) recommendations. The analyses were stratified by socioeconomic deprivation index (in quintiles). Uncertainty was quantified using Monte Carlos simulations. ResultsCompliance of WHO AQGs could prevent 0.4% [253 (95%CI, −604; 1086)] and 4.2% [3000 (95%CI, 1009; 4943)] of childhood overweight/obesity cases due to excess PM2.5 and NO2 levels in Barcelona, respectively. Compliance of NDVI and %GA targeted levels could prevent 6% [4094 (95%CI, 1698; 6379)] and 10% [6853 (95%CI, 1440; 12779)] of childhood overweight/obesity cases respectively. The preventable burdens of childhood overweight/obesity cases were slightly higher in middle-class socioeconomic areas due to the higher adverse exposure levels at baseline (high air pollution, less UGS). DiscussionCompliance with WHO AQGs and achieving UGS targets can reduce childhood overweight and obesity levels in Barcelona, and potentially in other locations as well. This underscores the need for policies that foster healthier urban environments of high environmental quality in order to protect child health.

Protein requirement in obesity.

The combined obesity and ageing pandemic require action to avoid a total health system infarct. Obesity is largely challenged with caloric restriction and endurance exercise, likely to be assisted by drugs. The older adults with the highest obesity levels may face extreme loss of muscle mass and increased risk of sarcopenic obesity.Within this context the question of what is the protein requirement is extremely urgent. While the topic is essential, no trials have directly assessed protein requirements for obesity. Therefore, we will have to deal with more indirect evidence. Several systematic reviews have appeared for obesity treatment involving protein and a few randomized controlled trials during weight loss are worth mentioning considering the amount of protein needed, especially with increasing age. Protein requirements are hard to derive for obesity defined by BMI over 30 perse. During weight loss the rebuilding of the body is likely to need at least 1.2 g/kg body weight/d with a maximum weight of BMI 30, especially in the aged. Obesity might increase protein requirements, however being obese with a healthy and active lifestyle might result in normal protein requirements.

Experience with antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and metabolic syndrome

Relevance. This article presents the results of clinical studies on the use of antiviral drugs for treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and metabolic syndrome (MS).Objective. Analysis of the effectiveness of CHC therapy and its impact on the components of MS.Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Yaroslavl Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital between 2015 and 2023. All patients were prescribed a standard set of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations upon admission to the hospital (general and biochemical blood tests, blood tests for HCV genotype and viral load, ultrasound of the abdominal organs). Treatment was performed using different antiviral regimens.Results. Among the regimens used, only interferon-containing regimens resulted in changes in the components of metabolic syndrome. A significant decrease in abdominal obesity and triglyceride levels was observed (p&lt; 0.05) The changes mainly affected patients with genotypes 2 and 3, which confirms the "viral" genesis of the development of these components of MS.

Monoallelic pathogenic variants in LEPR do not cause obesity

Individuals with obesity caused by biallelic pathogenic LEPR (leptin receptor) variants can benefit from setmelanotide, the novel MC4R agonist. An ongoing phase 3 clinical trial (NCT05093634) includes individuals with obesity who carry a heterozygous LEPR variant, although the obesogenic impact of these variants remains incompletely evaluated. The aim of this study was to functionally assess heterozygous variants in LEPR and to evaluate their effect on obesity. We sequenced LEPR in ∼10,000 participants from the French RaDiO study. We found 86 rare heterozygous variants. Each identified variant was then investigated invitro using luciferase and western blot assays. Using the criteria of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), including the strong criterion related to functional assays, we found 12 pathogenic LEPR variants. Most heterozygotes did not present with obesity, and we found no association between these pathogenic variants and body mass index (BMI). This lack of association between pathogenic LEPR variants and obesity risk or BMI was confirmed using exome data from 200,000 individuals in the UK Biobank. In the literature, among 55 reported heterozygotes for of a rare pathogenic LEPR variant, only 27% had obesity. In conclusion, monoallelic pathogenic LEPR variants were functionally tested, and they do not elevate the risk of obesity or BMI levels. This raises questions about the use of setmelanotide, a costly drug with potential side effects, based solely on the presence of a heterozygous LEPR variant.

Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) exercise therapy against irisin levels in obesity

Obesity can cause physiological disorders. These physiological disturbances cannot be separated from the roles of irisin. Exercising with the right measure, measurable, and regularly is a strategy for dealing with obesity. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the effect of irisin levels on exercise with the Moderate Intensity Interval Training (MIIT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) levels models in obese rats. This research is a true experimental laboratory study with a pretest-posttest control group design. This research was conducted at the Bioscience Laboratory of Brawijaya University, Malang. The research sample used 27 obese male Wistar rats divided into 9 MIIT group rats, 9 HIIT rats, and 9 control rats. Exercise intervention is given for 6 weeks at a frequency of 4 times per week. The intensity of MIIT (60–80% of base line ability), HIIT (90–100% of base line ability), irisin levels are obtained from blood tests using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data analysis used the Anova test and post hoc Tukey analysis with a significance level of 0.01. The results showed that there was no significant difference in irisin levels (p = 0.507). The HIIT irisin difference was lower than MIIT (p = 0.932) and Control (p = 0.491), and there was no difference in irisin value between the MIIT and Control groups (p = 0.708).

EVALUASI FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA

Knowing what factors influence the incidence of hypertension in the elderly is a very important effort. This observational analytical research with a cross-sectional approach aims to determine the relationship between age, gender, family history, smoking habits, exercise habits, coffee drinking habits, excessive salt consumption, type A personality, obesity, stress levels and identify the most important factors. dominantly influences the incidence of hypertension in the elderly. The research subjects were 91 respondents. Hypertension was categorized using JCN, obesity using BMI, stress using the Holmes scale and personality type using the Rosenman Scale. Interview guidelines were used to collect data on age, gender, family history, smoking habits, exercise habits, coffee drinking habits, excessive salt consumption, personality type, obesity, and stress levels. Factors that influence hypertension in the elderly include; age, family history, obesity and stress. Age in this study is the factor that has (OR=53.94) the most influence on the incidence of hypertension in the elderly.