Native Thiol Levels Research Articles

Investigation of Oxidative Stress Parameters in Cattle Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in cattle. MAP may cause the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the host. Due to the increase in ROS, the oxidant-antioxidant balance may be disrupted and oxidative stress may occur. The aim of the study was to determine the oxidative stress parameters in cattle infected with paratuberculosis. For this purpose, 15 cattle sera that were positive for paratuberculosis and 15 clinically healthy 30 cattle sera were used as the control group. In the samples taken, oxidative stress parameters such as total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant capacity (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), native thiol, total thiol and disulphide levels were evaluated. According to our study results, TOS (21.911±11.80), OSI (37.99±21.40), total thiol (1836.671±877.06) and disulphide (715.420±395.32) values in the paratuberculosis group were significantly higher than TOS (8.538±5.18), OSI (10.24±7.23), total thiol (823.809±289.86) and disulphide (197.936±131.70) values in the control group (P<.001). The TAS (0.588±0.14) value in the paratuberculosis group was significantly lower than the TAS (0.952±0.26) value in the control group (P<.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of native thiol levels (P>.05). As a result, it was determined that the oxidant-antioxidant balance was disrupted and oxidative stress occurred in MAP infected cattle. Therefore, it was concluded that oxidative stress parameters can be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

The Relationship Between Lipid Profile, Oxidative Stress, and Thiol-Disulfide Levels in Healthy, Naturally Overweight and Obese Cats

This study aimed to evaluate systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid profile in cats that had either naturally gained excess weight or had developed obesity. The following groups were examined in the study: ten obese cats with a body condition score of (BCS) >8 (the obesity group), ten overweight cats with a BCS score of >6 (the overweight group) and ten ideal weight cats with a BCS score of 4-5 (the control group). In the cats that had either gained too much weight or had become obese, the serum AST (P < .001), albumin (P = .002) and total protein (TP) (P < .001) levels were found to be significantly higher than the values determined in the control group cats. Furthermore, blood serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P = .009) and triglyceride (TG) (P < .001) levels in cats that had developed obesity were found to be significantly higher than the values defined in the control group cats. In the obese cats, serum procalcitonin (PCT), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), total thiol, native thiol and MDA levels were found to be significantly higher than in overweight cats (P < .001). As a result, it was concluded that it would be useful for veterinarians to consider significant changes in parameters related to liver function and lipid metabolism, as well as to emphasize systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in their clinical evaluations in cats that had either naturally gained excess weight or had developed obesity.

Assessment of Serum Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a major subtype of chronic relapsing inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, we assessed the possible contributions of serum oxidative/nitrosative stress and dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis to CD pathogenesis. Patients with active CD (A-CD) at onset (n = 38), CD patients in the remission (R-CD) (n = 38), and healthy controls (n = 38) were prospectively included in this study. Serum oxidative/nitrosative parameters as well as total thiol and native thiol levels were analyzed. We observed significant augmentation in nitric oxide (NO) levels in both A-CD and R-CD patients compared to healthy controls. We detected marked reductions in the 3-nitrotyrosine levels in the patient groups. Glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and myeloperoxidase levels were observed to be significantly lower in both the active and remission groups (P < .001). In the A-CD group, native thiol (P < .001) and total thiol (P < .01) levels were lower, and disulfide levels were higher than those of the control group (P < .01), while the native thiol/total thiol ratio was reduced and disulfide/total thiol (P < .001) and disulfide/native thiol (P < .001) ratios were elevated. Remarkably, no change in dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis was found in the R-CD group. Our results showed increased serum NO levels and decreased antioxidant enzymes, particularly during the active phase of CD. Determination of thiol/disulfide homeostasis could help differentiate between the active and remission phases of the disease. Thiol/ disulfide parameters can be used as biomarkers for A-CD.

A marker for acute cholecystitis severity: thiol-disulfide balance and ischemia-modified albumin.

According to the Tokyo 2018 guidelines, white blood cells (WBCs) are the only markers used in the staging of acute cholecystitis. We aimed to investigate the role of thiol-disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), which are used in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases, in the diagnosis, and severity of acute cholecystitis. A total of 108 patients hospitalized with acute cholecystitis and 42 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Plasma total thiol (TT), native thiol (NT), and disulfide levels were measured and IMA was calculated using disulfide/native, disulfide/total, and native/TT ratios. Significant differences were found in both inflammatory and antioxidant markers, age, and symptom duration between disease stages (Stages I, II, and III) and control group (p < 0.001). Age and symptom duration were negatively correlated with antioxidant parameters (albumin, NT, and TT) (r = -0.321, p < 0.00). C-reactive protein and WBC correlated negatively with albumin and antioxidant parameters and positively with disulfide (r = 0.776, p < 0.001; r = 0.358, p < 0.001). The oxidative stress markers in our study can be used to assist radiologic examinations in determining the severity of acute cholecystitis.

The effects of dexmedetomidine on thiol/disulphide homeostasis in coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) plays a pivotal role in various physiological mechanisms, including antioxidant defence, detoxification, apoptosis, regulation of enzyme activities and cellular signal transduction. TDH can be used as a biomarker to detect oxidative stress (OS) levels and ischemia status in the tissues. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is a procedure associated with high oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist anaesthetic agent, has antioxidant effects. In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress in CABG surgery were investigated.MethodsPatients who underwent on-pump CABG surgery were divided into two groups: those receiving dexmedetomidine (Group D) and those not receiving dexmedetomidine (Group C). From anesthesia induction to the end of surgery, patients in Group D received intravenous infusions of 0.05–0.2 mcg/kg/min remifentanil and 0.2–0.7 mcg/kg/h dexmedetomidine. Patients in Group C received intravenous infusion of 0.05–0.2 mcg/kg/min remifentanil. Blood samples were collected from the patients 30 min before induction of anesthesia (T1), 30 min after removal of the aortic cross-clamp (T2), and at the end of the surgery (T3). Thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) was assessed using a novel method. A novel automated method enables the determination of native thiols, total thiols and disulfides levels in plasma, allowing the calculation of their respective ratios.ResultsIn patients receiving dexmedetomidine, lower postoperative levels of disulfide, disulfide/native thiol, and disulfide/total thiol, along with higher native thiol/total thiol, were observed compared to the control group. (p < 0.05) Postoperative native thiol and total thiol levels were similar for both groups. (p > 0.05)ConclusionsIn our study, through dynamic thiol-disulfide measurements, we found that levels of oxidative stress (OS) were lower in patients who received dexmedetomidine. We believe that the positive effects of dexmedetomidine on OS could be beneficial in CABG surgery. Furthermore, we anticipate that with further studies conducted in larger patient cohorts, the clinical utilization of dexmedetomidine will become more widespread.Trial registration numberNCT05895331 / 06.07.2023.

Determination of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress Index in Sheeppox Virus

The aim of the study was to determine the thiol/disulfide homeostasis and oxidative stress parameter levels in sheep infected with pox virus and to investigate their diagnostic significance. 1-2 years old Morkaraman breed sheep (20 infected with pox virus, 10 healthy) were used in the study. Total thiol, native thiol, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) analyses were performed in sera obtained from blood samples taken from the jugular vein of the sheep in tubes without anticoagulant. When the pox virus infected group and healthy sheep were compared, it was determined that total thiol and native thiol levels were significantly decreased; disulfide, disulfide/native thiol and disulfide/total thiol levels increased but were not statistically significant. In addition, it was determined that serum TOC and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels increased, while TAC level decreased. In conclusion, the findings obtained in the study suggest that the disease causes oxidative stress, and the use of oxidative stress markers, especially thiol/disulfide homeostasis markers, may contribute to the pathogenesis of smallpox and be an auxiliary parameter for its diagnosis.

The Effect of Acute Stroke Treatment on S100B, IMA, and Thiol-Disulfide Balance.

A variety of processes, ranging from blood-brain barrier disruption to circulating biomarkers, contributes to reperfusion injury in acute stroke treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of thrombolytic therapy and endovascular thrombectomy therapy on serum S100 calcium-binding protein B, ischemia-modified albumin and thiol-disulfide balance in patients who arrived within the first 6 h of acute ischemic stroke. The study considered 66 patients with the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke who underwent thrombolytic therapy or EVT in the first 6 h, as well as 32 healthy volunteers. Venous blood samples were collected before tPA and EVT and 24 h after treatment. S100B, native thiol, disulfide, total thiol, and Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels were measured. The S100B, total thiol, and native thiol values of the patients in the tPA group before and after the treatment showed statistical significance (P < 0.001). S100B, total thiol, and native thiol values were shown to be lower. The disulfide and IMA values of the patients in the tPA group did not differ significantly (respectively, P = 0.302, P = 0.054). However, disulfide and IMA levels were found to increase after treatment compared to pretreatment. The patients in the EVT group showed a significant difference in terms of S100B values (P < 0.001) and IMA values (P = 0.024). Determining how to protect the brain from free radical damage is important. More research should be carried out on treatments that prevent free radical damage in ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as treatments for acute ischemic stroke.

Does thiol-disulphide balance in tissue and serum play a role in disease management in ureteropelvic junction stenosis?

The study aimed at evaluating the role of thiol-disulphide balance parameters [native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS), disulphide (SS), disulphide/native thiol ratio (% SS/SH), disulphide/total thiol ratio (% SS/Total Thiol) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (%SH/Total Thiol)], which are important oxidative stress markers in the congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis, in the diagnosis of the disease, and its role in determining the need for surgery and follow-up. This prospective study included 30 children diagnosed with congenital intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and a control group of 30 healthy children admitted to the pediatric clinic between January 2016 and February 2017. The children with UPJO underwent laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. Thiol-disulphide balance parameters were assessed in both the peripheral blood and the excised tissue from the narrowed segment of the UPJ during surgery, as well as in the peripheral blood of the control group. Serum levels of native thiol (SH), total thiol (SH+SS), disulphide (SS), the disulphide/native thiol ratio (% SS/SH), the disulphide/total thiol ratio (% SS/Total Thiol), and the native thiol/total thiol ratio (% SH/Total Thiol) were subsequently compared between the two groups. In the UPJO cohort, correlation analyses were conducted to examine relationships between serum and tissue results for native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, % SS/SH, % SS/Total Thiol, and % SH/Total Thiol, alongside Tc(Technetium)-99m MAG-3 (mercaptoacetyltriglycine) differential renal function (DRF) (%), renal pelvic anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, renal parenchymal thickness, and plasma creatinine levels. The findings of this study indicated statistically significant differences in serum levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, % SS/SH, % SS/Total Thiol, and % SH/Total Thiol between the UPJO and control groups. Specifically, the UPJO group exhibited higher values of serum disulphide, % SS/SH, and % SS/Total Thiol, while serum levels of native thiol, total thiol, and % SH/Total Thiol were significantly lower (p<0.05). Furthermore, no statistically significant correlations were observed in the UPJO group between tissue and serum results for native thiol, total thiol, disulphide, % SS/SH, % SS/Total Thiol, % SH/Total Thiol, and clinical parameters including MAG-3 differential renal function (DRF) (%), pelvic anterior-posterior (AP) diameter, renal parenchymal thickness, and plasma creatinine levels. The UPJO group displayed significantly elevated levels of serum disulphide, % SS/SH, and % SS/Total Thiol compared to the control group, while serum native thiol, total thiol, and % SH/Total Thiol were notably lower. Additionally, no correlations were found between serum and tissue thiol-disulphide balance parameters and clinical measures such as MAG-3 DRF (%), pelvic AP diameter, parenchymal thickness, and plasma creatinine levels. Further comprehensive studies are warranted to identify new biomarkers for monitoring UPJ stenosis.

Evaluation of Thiol Disulfide, Ischemia Modified Albumin, and Prolidase Parameters in Patients with Localized Scleroderma.

Localized scleroderma is a rare inflammatory skin disease that causes sclerosis in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Oxidative stress may play a role in the etiology or be responsible for the chronicity or progression of the disease. We aimed to investigate the presence of oxidative stress in patients with localized scleroderma by examining thiol-disulfide balance, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and prolidase parameters. Twenty patients over the age of 18 who were diagnosed with localized scleroderma both clinically and histopathologically and 20 control subjects were included in the study. Age, sex, age at disease onset, duration of the disease, and presence of accompanying systemic diseases were questioned and recorded. Lesion type and modified Rodnan and LoSSI scores were calculated through dermatological examination. CRP, sedimentation rate, total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels indicated by the Erel profile, IMA level, and prolidase levels were measured and compared in both the patient and control groups. Levels of native thiol (P=0.958), total thiol (P=0.979), disulfide (P=0.449), (disulfide/native thiol%) (P=0.368), (disulfide/total thiol%) (P=0.361), (native thiol/total thiol%) (P=0.368), and prolidase (P=0.121) were similar in both patient and control groups. Only IMA was significantly different. No significant relationship was found between the levels of native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, (disulfide/native thiol), (disulfide/total thiol), IMA, prolidase, and Rodnan and LoSSI scores. According to the data obtained from this study, we can say that the thiol-disulfide balance is not disrupted and that prolidase levels are not affected in localized scleroderma; however, IMA is negatively affected.

Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis Post-COVID-19 Depends on Age, Gender, and Symptom Severity.

It has been indicated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis plays a role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. We assessed the impact on the thiol-disulfide homeostasis at 15-day intervals until 60 days, implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and its clinical relevance in disease progression. In this study, 43 COVID-19 patients (18 females and 25 males) were categorized based on symptom severity, age group, and body mass index. Serum samples were collected on days 15, 30, 45, and 60 after COVID-19 diagnosis. Thiol and disulfide parameters were measured in the collected serum samples using spectrophotometric methods. Serum thiol levels were higher in females and disulfide levels in males (p<0.05). Disulfide levels increased in those older on 15-day post-symptom onset (p<0.05). Serum native thiol levels were higher in patients with moderate and severe symptom severity (p<0.05) than in those with mild severity. The symptoms of chest pain, shortness of breath, loss of taste, and loss of appetite were negatively correlated with thiol levels (p<0.05). This study suggested critical findings of higher disulfide levels in older age and men, even in the weeks after disease onset. This discovery is significant as it could pave the way for interventions to repair thiol-disulfide homeostasis, potentially transforming the treatment of this group. Moreover, native thiols can point to disease severity even weeks after the onset of symptoms.

Evaluation of thiol/disulphide and oxidant-antioxidant status of dairy cows in periparturient and post-partum period.

Thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) has a critical role in many cellular activities such as antioxidant protection. Alterations of oxidative stress in the transition period play an important role in development of some diseases and disorders in dairy cows. The purpose of this study is to assess the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total thiol, native thiol, disulphide and lipid profile in Simmental and Montofon dairy cows (aged 2-3) before and after calving. Blood samples were collected 233-280 days of pregnancy and the 30 days of post-partum. Serum total thiol, native thiol and disulphide levels were determined as well as TAS, TOS and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were measured using colorimetric assays. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were measured with an automatic analyser. Total thiol (p=0.038) and disulphide (p=0.015) levels were higher after calving compare to pregnancy in Montofon. TAS was found lower (p<0.001), and OSI was higher in both breeds (Montofon p=0.012, Simmental p=0.028) after calving than in pregnancy. When compared between pregnancy and after calving levels in the same breed, HDL was found to be higher after calving (p<0.001) and TG was lower after calving (p=0.020) in Montofon. PON (p=0.090), HDL (p<0.001) and cholesterol levels were found higher (p<0.001) and TG level was lower (p<0.001) after calving in Simmental. According to our results, we observed different responses between two breeds before and after calving. There are few studies about TDH in animal research, and this is the first study in the literature that evaluates the TDH along with oxidative stress and lipid profiles in dairy cows in the periparturient and post-partum period.

Serum Thiols and Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Children With Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate potential biomarkers of oxidative stress by analyzing serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels in children who have been diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods The study included 24 medication-naive children aged seven to 17 years diagnosed with MDD and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Clinical interviews were conducted using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5), and diagnoses were made according to DSM-5. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity (CGI-S) were also administered to the participants. Venous blood samples were taken from all subjects to assess TDH and IMA levels, considered potential oxidative stress indicators. Results The study showed no significant difference in TDH and IMA levels between the MDD and the control groups. Although not statistically significant, it was observed that native thiol and total thiol levels were higher in the MDD group. No direct relationship was found between disease severity and either TDH or IMA levels. Conclusion In conclusion, while there were no significant differences in the levels of TDH and IMA, higher levels of both native and total thiols were found in the MDD group.

The association of umbilical cord blood oxidative stress with maternal iron deficiency anemia: A tertiary center experience.

To compare the levels of oxidative stress markers in the umbilical cord blood between pregnant women diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and low-risk controls. The sample consisted of 131 patients, including 55 pregnant women with IDA and 76 controls with similar demographic characteristics. Participants were selected from patients delivered at ≥37 weeks. We compared the two groups in terms of the native thiol, total thiol, disulfide, and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels measured in pregnant women's umbilical cord venous blood. The native thiol and total thiol values were statistically significantly lower in the anemia group, and the disulfide and IMA values were statistically significantly higher in the IDA group (P < 0.001). Perinatal outcomes were similar between the groups. In the present study, pregnant women with IDA had lower native and total thiol values and higher disulfide and IMA values in umbilical cord blood. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy may be a potential cause of increased oxidative stress.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The prevalence of PCOS is increasing worldwide. Although the etiology of this disease is currently unknown, it is thought to be closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Our study aimed to compare patients have PCOS to healthy volunteers and assess the changes in oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in these patients. Thirty patients between the ages of 18-45 diagnosed with PCOS and 30 healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in this study. Clinical parameters were measured using immunoassays. Oxidative stress biomarkers, total oxidant (TOS), total antioxidant (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) levels were measured using photometric methods according to Erel's method. The dynamic disulfide level (DIS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated using mathematical equations. Among the inflammatory parameters, values for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured photometrically using commercially purchased kits. Moreover, TT and NT levels were lower in patients with PCOS compared to those in the healthy group statistically significantly (P<0.001). In addition, TAS, TOS, OSI, DIS, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were identified to be significantly higher in the patients with PCOS than those in the healthy group (P<0.001). Evaluation of oxidative stress and clinical parameters used in the follow-up may be beneficial for the disease.

Investigation of Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis and Clinical Parameters in Rosacea Patients According to Skin Subtypes.

Background/Objective: The aim of this study was to compare thiol/disulfide homeostasis and clinical parameters of rosacea patients across skin subtypes of the disease and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective study included 90 rosacea patients with different skin subtypes (phymatous, erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular) and ocular involvement and 30 healthy controls. Plasma native thiol (NT), total thiol (TT) and disulfide levels of the patients and controls were measured using an automated spectrophotometric method, and disulfide/native thiol ratio (DNTR), disulfide/total thiol ratio (DTTR) and native thiol/total thiol ratio (NTTR) were calculated. Tear breakup time (TBUT), meiboscore, Schirmer, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and rosacea-specific quality of life scale (RosaQoL) were measured clinically. Results: Disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NT, TT and NTTR were significantly lower in the rosacea patients compared to the controls (p < 0.001). TBUT and Schirmer were significantly lower, and meiboscore and OSDI were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls (p < 0.01). According to the skin subtypes, disulfide, DNTR and DTTR were significantly higher, and NTTR was significantly lower in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype compared to the other subtypes (p < 0.002). TBUT was significantly lower, and RosaQol was significantly higher in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype (p < 0.0083). Strong correlations were found between DNTR and TBUT and between DNTR and Meiboscore in all subtypes (p < 0.005), while there were strong correlations between DNTR and OSDI and between DNTR and RosaQol only in the erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular subtypes (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The thiol/disulfide homeostasis shifted towards disulfides, an indicator of oxidative stress in rosacea, and this was more pronounced in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype. The impairment in TBUT and RosaQol was also more prominent in the erythematotelangiectatic subtype and strongly associated with the DNTR.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on sciatic nerve healing: A histopathological, functional, and biochemical study of the rat sciatic nerve.

This study aims to evaluate the histopathological, biochemical, and functional effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective activity, on nerve regeneration in rats with sciatic nerve crush (axonotmesis) injury. This study used 16 male Wistar rats, which were divided into treatment and control groups. A standard axonotmesis-type surgical injury was induced in the left sciatic nerves of all rats. The treatment group was given 300 mg/kg of intraperitoneal NAC once a day, whereas the control group received an equal volume of saline solution. After conducting gait analyses, the sciatic functional index (SFI) was used for functional assessment. After gait analysis, all animals were euthanized. Blood samples were examined biochemically. The left sciatic nerves and left triceps surae muscles were examined histopathologically. Histopathologically, the thickness of the perineurium, axonal degeneration, axonolysis, edema, inflammation, muscle atrophy, and muscle degeneration were all significantly lower in the treatment group (p<0.05). Functionally, SFI-1, SFI-2, and SFI-3 were significantly higher in the treatment group (p<0.05). Biochemically, while the native thiol level and native thiol/total thiol ratio were significantly higher in the treatment group (p<0.003), the disulfide/total thiol ratio was significantly higher in the control group (p<0.005). Significant correlations were found between six of the seven gait parameters and the histopathological findings (p<0.05). Our study results suggest that NAC may contribute positively to the histopathological and functional recovery of sciatic nerve injury in rats. Furthermore, NAC may have an antioxidant effect on thiol-disulfide homeostasis at a biochemical level. We believe that NAC has a stimulatory effect on healing following nerve injuries.

Altered blood parameters in “major depression” patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy: a randomized case-control study

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that includes depressive mood. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a therapy method used in the treatment of MDD. The purpose of this study was to assess neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress levels in MDD patients and evaluate the changes in these parameters as a result of rTMS therapy. Twenty-five patients with MDD and twenty-six healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in the study. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors were measured photometrically with commercial kits. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by the photometric method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated with mathematical formulas. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) antioxidant parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and allopregnanolone (ALLO) levels were reduced in pre-rTMS with regard to the healthy control group; TOS, OSI, DIS, and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) levels were increased statistically significantly (p < 0.01). Moreover, owing to TMS treatment; TAS, TT, NT, BDNF, GDNF, and ALLO levels were increased compared to pre-rTMS, while DIS, TOS, OSI, and S100B levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The rTMS treatment reduces oxidative stress and restores thiol-disulfide balance in MDD patients. Additionally, rTMS modulates neurotrophic factors and neuroactive steroids, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant therapy. The changes in the biomarkers evaluated may help determine a more specific approach to treating MDD with rTMS therapy.

Impact of Erythrocyte Transfusion on Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis in Anemic Patients

Aim: Anemia limits oxygen delivery to tissues, potentially leading to increased oxidative stress. This study examined the impact of erythrocyte transfusion on thiol/disulfide homeostasis, a marker of oxidative stress, in anemic patients. Material and Methods: Sixty anemic patients receiving transfusions were included. Blood samples collected before and after transfusion measured (in unrefrigerated samples) total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels. To isolate the effects of anemia, a subgroup analysis excluded patients with acute/subacute hemorrhage or aplastic anemia. Results: Both total and native thiol levels significantly decreased after transfusion (p &lt; 0.0001), while disulfide levels showed a slight increase (p = 0.009). Findings suggests a potential decrease in overall oxidative stress. Excluding hemorrhage patients (12 patients), and aplastic anemia in the subgroup analysis yielded even more pronounced reductions in thiol levels. Conclusions: Erythrocyte transfusion appears to improve thiol/disulfide homeostasis in anemic patients, potentially reflecting reduced oxidative stress. Improving this balance may contribute to improved patient outcomes. Keywords: Anemia, deep Anemia, thiol/disulfide, antioxidant, oxidative stress, erythrocyte replacement, homeostasis.

Utility of thiol/disulphide homeostasis as a biomarker for acute appendicitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) parameters as an indicator of oxidative stress in acute appendicitis (AA). PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched. Studies reporting on TDH in AA (both complicated and uncomplicated cases) were included. The comparator group were healthy controls. The TDH domain was compared between the groups using anti-oxidant parameters, namely native thiol and total thiol levels, and native thiol/total thiol ratio; and oxidant parameters, namely disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio. The statistical analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eleven studies with a total of 926 subjects, comprising 457 patients with uncomplicated appendicitis, 147 with complicated appendicitis, and 322 healthy controls were included. Our study demonstrated significantly increased oxidative stress in AA as compared to healthy controls in all TDH parameters and significantly lower total thiol levels in complicated AA as compared to uncomplicated AA. Due to a poor methodological quality in five out of eleven studies, future prospective studies with adequate power are essential to validate these observations and refine the diagnostic approaches to AA.

Benefits of Combining Antiepileptic Drugs with Vitamin B12 on Redox Balance: Penicillin-Induced Experimental Epilepsy Model.

A combination of antiepileptic drugs and antioxidants may be an effective treatment by restoring the disrupted redox balance and reducing oxidative stress exposure to neurons. This study aims to evaluate the effects of valproate and vitamin B12 on oxidative stress in an experimental epilepsy model induced by penicillin when administered alone or in combination. 35 male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into five groups, which were saline group, 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg Vit B12 groups and Sodium valproate group Sodium valproate + Vit B12 group. The epileptic activity was induced by 500 IU of penicillin injection. Sodium valproate and Vitamin B12 were administered 30 min after penicillin administration. Electrocorticogram recordings were taken for 2 hours post-treatment and serum parameters were assessed for oxidative stress markers using spectrophotometric method. There is statistically significant difference between the groups in total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index value (p=0.013; p˂0.001; p˂0.001, respectively). The valproate+vitamin B12 group showed elevated total thiol and native thiol levels, along with reduced disulphide levels, resulting in the lowest OSI value. These findings suggest the combined treatment effectively reduces oxidative stress. This study provides valuable insights into the antioxidant properties of valproate and vitamin B12, positioning them as potential agents for managing epilepsy. Understanding the efficacy and reliability of antioxidant strategies in epilepsy management could contribute significantly to advancements in epilepsy therapeutics.