Expression Levels Of miR-155 Research Articles

Characteristics of Pulmonary Inflammation in Patients with Different Forms of Active Tuberculosis

Targeted treatment of tuberculosis-associated lung damage requires an understanding of the precise mechanisms of immunopathology. A major obstacle to the longitudinal study of tuberculosis (TB) immunopathogenesis in humans is the lack of serial lung biopsies during disease progression and treatment, which could be used to characterize local immune pathways involved in tissue damage. Understanding of the immunobiology of lung tissue damage in tuberculosis has largely been based on animal models. Our study looked for signs of inflammation in TB patients’ lung biopsies. Results were compared between a site of infection and relatively healthy tissue outside the site. The most significant differences in the expression of microRNAs (miRs) and cytokine/chemokines were observed between the non-decayed tuberculoma and the surrounding parenchyma. In addition, these parameters showed almost no differences between the cavitary wall and surrounding tissue. This is an indication that the inflammatory process is more prevalent in fibrotic cavitary tuberculosis (FCT). In FCT subjects, no difference was observed between the cavity wall and the parenchyma in the production of key inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-11, IL-17, and IFNγ. This is an indication that the limits of the inflammatory response are broader in FCT. The expression levels of miR-191, miR-193a, miR-222, miR-223, miR-18, miR-155, miR-376c, miR-26a, miR-150, and miR-124 were not significantly different between the cavernous wall and lung tissue in patients with FCT, further confirming the spread of inflammatory and destructive processes beyond the focus of infection.

LncRNA LYPLAL1, miR-204-5p, and SIRT1: novel signatures for risk assessment of diabetic macrovascular complications

Long-term, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to micro- and macrovascular problems. The protective function of lncRNA LYPLAL1 is to reduce endothelium cell inflammation by upregulating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and reducing microRNA (miR)-204-5p. This work attempted to examine the lncRNA LYPLAL1/miR-204-5p/SIRT1 molecules as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic MVC and to assess their clinical correlations. The study enrolled 32 controls, 32 patients with diabetes alone, and 32 patients with diabetic MVC. RT-qPCR, or quantitative real-time PCR, was utilized to determine the expression levels of lncRNA and miR. SIRT1 was measured by ELISA. When comparing cases with MVC to those without MVC, the lncRNA LYPLAL1 and SIRT1 values were significantly lower. Conversely, patients with MVC had significantly higher miR-204-5p levels than those without MVC. The LncRNA LYPLAL1 performed best in terms of detecting MVC. It attained 90.6% specificity and 96.9% sensitivity. A combination of three markers (lncRNA LYPLAL1, miR-204-5p, and SIRT1) yielded the best accuracy at 98.4%. LYPLAL1 expression appeared to be an independent MVC predictor. Adjusted OR for LYPLAL1 expression was 405 (95% CI: 1.4–1200) (p = 0.039). When we compared cases with MVC to those without MVC, the lncRNA LYPLAL1 and SIRT1 values were significantly lower. Patients with MVC had significantly higher miR-204-5p levels than those without MVC. LYPLAL1 LncRNA demonstrated the best performance characteristics. LncRNA LYPLAL1 expression is an independent predictor of MVC.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SALIVARY MIR-21, -155, AND -375 IN PATIENTS WITH SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF ORAL CAVITY.

The current prognostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have limited accuracy sometimes leading to inappropriate treatment decisions. Identifying new markers would help clinicians tailor treatment plans based on the individual patient risk factors leading to improved survival rates and quality of life. To estimate the value of the miRNA expression indicators in saliva as prognostic and predictive markers of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The work is based on the results of the examination and treatment of 61 patients with stage II-IV OSCC. The miR-21, miR-155, and miR-375 expression levels in the saliva samples were analyzed by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The salivary miR-21 and -155 expression levels in healthy volunteers were 2.49 and 2.84 times lower than in OSCС patients (p < 0.05). The positive association of miR-21 and miR-155 expression levels and the negative correlation of miR-375 expression level with T index by TNM (r = 0.68, r = 0.75, and r = -0.67, respectively) (p < 0.05) and the presence of lymph node metastasis (r = 0.78, r = 0.71, and r = ‒0.59, respectively) (p < 0.05) were found. Patients with good response to NACT had lower miR-21 and -155, and higher miR-375 levels in saliva compared to those with resistant tumors. Our study suggests that salivary miR-21, miR-155, and miR-375 may be potential biomarkers for the prognosis of cancer course and the response to NACT in OSCC patients.

Clinical value of peripheral blood miR-21 and miR-486 combined with CT forearly cancer diagnosis in pulmonary nodulessmoking

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of combining peripheral blood miR-21 and miR-486 with CT for the early cancer diagnosis in pulmonary nodules.MethodsA total of 215 patients diagnosed with isolated pulmonary nodules with a history of smoking were selected as researchsubjects. 30 healthy volunteers with a history of smoking were recruitedas the control group.The selection of subjectswas based on the presence of isolated pulmonary nodules detected on chest CT scans. The training set consisted of 65 patients with lung nodules and 30 healthy smokers, while the verification setincluded 150 patients with lung nodules.ResultsCompared with the control group, the plasma expression level of miR-210 was significantly higher in the group of patients with benign pulmonary nodules (P < 0.05). The level of miR-486-5p was lower in patients with malignant pulmonary nodules compared to those with benign pulmonary nodules (P < 0.05). Moreover, the plasma level of miR-210was higher in patients with malignant pulmonary nodules compared to those with benign pulmonary nodules and healthy smokers (P < 0.05). The combination of miR-21 and miR-486 yielded an AUC of 0.865, which was significantly higher than any other gene combination (95%CI: 0.653–0.764, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study offered preliminary evidence supporting the use of peripheral blood miR-21 and miR-486, combined with CT scans, as potential biomarkers for the early cancer diagnosis in lung nodules.

The Potential Role of Curcumin as a Regulator of microRNA in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Curcumin is known as a bioactive component that is found in the rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemo-preventive and anticancer properties. However, its anticancer mechanism in colorectal cancer treatment is unclear, and some studies have shown that many microRNAs (miRs) could be potential targets for curcumin in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, so there is a need for their integration and clarification. We systematically searched international databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, until July 2021 by using some relevant keywords. The search resulted in 87 papers, among which there were 18 related articles. Curcumin was found to cause the upregulation of miR-497, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-409-3p, miR-34, miR-126, miR-145, miR-206, miR-491, miR-141, miR-429, miR-101, and miR-15a and the downregulation of miR-21, miR-155, miR-221, miR-222, miR-17-5p, miR-130a, miR-27, and miR-20a. The present review study suggests that curcumin may be useful as a novel therapeutic agent for CRC by altering the expression level of miRs.

Expression of miR-155 in monocytes of people with migraine: association with phenotype, disease severity and inflammatory profile

BackgroundmiR-155 is involved in the generation and maintenance of inflammation and pain, endothelial function and immune system homeostasis, all functions that are relevant for migraine. The present study aims to assess the levels of miR-155 in migraine subtypes (episodic and chronic) in comparison to age- and sex-matched healthy controls.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, controlled, study involving three study groups: I) episodic migraine (n = 52, EM), II) chronic migraine with medication overuse (n = 44, CM-MO), and III) healthy controls (n = 32, HCs). We assessed the interictal gene expression levels of miR-155, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in peripheral blood monocytes using rtPCR. The monocytic differentiation toward the M1 (pro-inflammatory) or M2 (anti-inflammatory) phenotypes was assessed in circulating monocytes with flow cytometry analysis and cell sorting.ResultsmiR-155 gene expression was higher in CM-MO group (2.68 ± 2.47 Relative Quantification - RQ) when compared to EM group (1.46 ± 0.85 RQ, p = 0.006) and HCs (0.44 ± 0.18 RQ, p = 0.001). In addition, miR-155 gene expression was higher in EM group when compared to HCs (p = 0.001). A multivariate analysis confirmed the difference between EM and CM-MO groups after correction for age, sex, smoking habit, preventive treatment, aura, presence of psychiatric or other pain conditions. We found higher gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and lower gene expression of IL-10 in migraine participants when compared to HCs (p = 0.001 for all comparisons). TNF-α and IL-10 genes alterations were more prominent in CM-MO when compared to EM participants (p = 0.001). miR-155 positively correlated with IL-1β (p = 0.001) and TNF-α (p = 0.001) expression levels. Finally, in people with CM-MO, we described an up-regulated percentage of events in both M1 and M2 monocytic profiles.ConclusionsOur study shows for the first time a specific profile of activation of miR-155 gene expression levels in monocytes of selected migraine subpopulations, more pronounced in subjects with CM-MO. Interestingly, mir-155 expression correlated with markers of activation of the inflammatory and immune systems. The CM-MO subpopulation showed a peculiar increase of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory monocytes which worths further investigation.Trial registrationwww.clinicaltrials.gov. (NCT05891808).

MiR-210, not let-7, regulates Akt gene expression against Vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

The immune regulatory roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently attracted considerable attention. Bioinformatics prediction revealed that both let-7 and miR-210 provide potential binding sites for the Akt (rac-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase) gene sequence in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (termed AjAkt). In this study, we first used a dual-luciferase reporter assay and functional validation techniques to verify the interactions between these two miRNAs (let-7 and miR-210) and AjAkt, and then investigated the functions of the validated miRNA/mRNA pair as part of the innate immune response against Vibrio splendidus infection. We found that AjAkt interacts with miR-210 rather than let-7, and miR-210 negatively regulates the expression of AjAkt. From 8 to 48 h after infection with V. splendidus, opposite trends were observed in the expression levels of miR-210 and AjAkt (mRNA and protein) in coelomocytes, suggesting that the miR-210/AjAkt pair is involved in immune regulation during this period after infection. Both AjAkt silencing and miR-210 overexpression enhanced the phagocytic capacity and reduced the infectivity of A. japonicus after pathogen infection, suggesting that the miR-210/AjAkt pair may regulate the innate immune response of A. japonicus by altering phagocytic capacity. The findings of this study enrich our knowledge of the role of miRNA/mRNA pairs in immune regulation in sea cucumbers and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of the innate immune response in marine echinoderms.

Fluorescent DNA tetrahedral probe with catalytic hairpin self-assembly reaction for imaging of miR-21 and miR-155 in living cells.

ACHA-based fluorescent DNA tetrahedral probe (FDTp) has been designedto detect the microRNAsmiR-21 and miR-155 sensitively and specifically in living cells. The design consisted of functional elements (H1, H2, and Protector) connected to a DNA tetrahedron modified with two pairs of fluorophores and quenching groups. In the presence of miR-21, the chain displacement effect was triggered and Cy3 fluorescence was emitted. In the presence of miR-155, the signal of the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) between H1 and H2 on FDTp was amplified, making the fluorescence of FAM sensitive to miR-155. Using this method, the detection limit for miR-155 was 5pM. The FDTp successfully imaged miR-21 and miR-155 in living cells and distinguished a variety of cell lines based on their expression levels of miR-21 and miR-155. The detection and imaging of dual targets in this design ensured the accuracy of tumor diagnosis and provided a new method for early tumor diagnosis.

Molecular Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Expression of miR-146, miR-16, and miR-221 in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Abstract Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating respiratory condition characterized by persistent airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. Microbial infections and dysregulated microribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression have been implicated in COPD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the molecular detection of three respiratory pathogens, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, in the respiratory secretions of COPD patients. In addition, it evaluated the expression levels of miR-146, miR-16, and miR-221 in the peripheral blood of COPD patients. Methods: Peripheral blood and respiratory secretions were collected from 40 healthy individuals and 40 COPD patients. The messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of miR-146, miR-16, and miR-221 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analyses, including t-test, binomial test, and Pearson correlation, were performed. Results: H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and C. pneumoniae were detected in the sputum of 12.5%, 17.5%, and 7.5% of COPD patients, respectively. The expression of miR-146, miR-221, and miR-16 was observed in 65%, 15%, and 85% of COPD patients, respectively, compared to 13%, 80%, and 15% of healthy subjects. While miR-221 was downregulated in COPD patients, miR-16 and miR-146 were upregulated. No significant differences were found in the expression of these miRNAs between infected and noninfected COPD patients. Conclusion: The molecular detection of respiratory pathogens and the expression profiles of miR-146, miR-16, and miR-221 in COPD patients may have potential diagnostic value. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of these markers in COPD pathogenesis.

Knockdown of miR-155 alleviates skin damage in rats with chronic spontaneous urticaria by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanisms of miR-155 in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU).MethodsThe expression level of miR-155 in the skin tissues of patients with CSU and experimental rats were detected by RT-qPCR, followed by the measurement of the histamine release rate in the serum through the histamine release test. Besides, hematoxylin & eosin staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the skin tissues; Corresponding detection kits and flow cytometry to measure the changes of immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines and T cell subsets in the serum of rats in each group; and western blot to check the expression level of proteins related to JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the skin tissues.ResultsKnockdown of miR-155 reduced the number and duration of pruritus, alleviated the skin damage, and decreased the number of eosinophils in CSU rats. Moreover, knockdown of miR-155 elevated the serum levels of IgG and IgM, decreased the levels of IgA and inflammatory cytokines, and reduced the proportion of CD4 + and CD4 + CD25 + T cells, as well as the CD4+/CD8 + ratio in CSU rats. However, Tyr705 intervention could reverse the effects of knockdown of miR-155 on CSU model rats. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of miR-155 significantly reduced the protein expression of IRF-9, as well as the P-JAK2/JAK2 and P-STAT3/STAT3 ratios in the skin tissues of CSU rats.ConclusionKnockdown of miR-155 can alleviate skin damage and inflammatory responses and relieve autoimmunity in CSU rats by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Evaluation of the diagnostic role of circulating miR-16, miR-10b, and miR-21 expression in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health concern and is characterized by fat accumulation in the liver in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. However, current diagnostic tools, including liver biopsy and imaging techniques, have limitations in terms of accessibility, invasiveness, and sensitivity. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the expression of three microRNAs (miR-16, miR-10b, and miR-21) in patients with NAFLD across different disease stages compared with healthy subjects. First, miRNAs were extracted from serum samples collected from 34 healthy controls and 38 patients with NAFLD, including 20 with grade 1 and 18 with grade 2 of the disease. Subsequently, cDNA was synthesized from RNA, and miR-21, miR-16, and miR-10b expression was measured using RT-qPCR. The results revealed the downregulation of miR-16 in the early and advanced stages of NAFLD. The serum expression of miR-21 (p < 0 0.01) and miR-10b (p < 0.05) increased in the total NAFLD samples compared with the control group. Moreover, miR-10b expression was significantly higher in patients with stage 2 of NAFLD than in those with stage1 of NAFLD (p < 0.05), suggesting its potential as a biomarker to distinguish between the different grades of the disease. Our results revealed the clinical value of these miRNAs as non-invasive, sensitive, and stage-specific biomarkers for NAFLD. These findings suggest that the assessment of miR-16, miR-21, and miR-10b expression levels could serve as a potentially useful tool for the diagnosis of NAFLD presence and severity.

β stimulator induces upregulation of miR-27a in the rat heart one hour after the injection

MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding small RNA containing 18 to 22 nucleotides, that post-transcriptionally regulates mRNA expression. Chronic injection of β stimulator is known to induce cardiac injury and change of miRs expression level in the heart with some pathological changes such as fibrosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction. We investigated the changes in the expression level of miRs in the rat heart one hour after isoproterenol (a β stimulator) injection.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into three groups and received subcutaneous injection of normal sarin (NS) or 0.1 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-0.1) or 10 mg/kg isoproterenol (ISO-10). After one hour, we collected their heart and plasma. Total RNA was extracted from the left ventricle and used for deep miRNA sequencing. Based on the results of miRNA sequencing, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using 8 miR primers. Cardiac injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, and phosphotungstic acid–hematoxylin staining and measuring troponin-I levels in plasma.Troponin-I was significantly increased in ISO-0.1 and ISO-10 groups, but histological observation did not show any cardiac necrosis. miRNA sequencing identified 14 upregulated miRs and 12 downregulated miRs. Of the 26 miRs, RT-PCR confirmed miR-144-3p/5p and miR-451-5p were decreased, and that 5 miRs (miR-27a-5p, miR-30b-3p, miR-92a-1-5p, miR-132-5p, miR-582-3p) were upregulated.This study showed that β stimulus causes downregulation of miR-144/451 cluster and increases expression of five 5 miRs in the heart, especially 6.5-fold upregulation of miR-27a-5p as early as one hour after isoproterenol injection. Therefore, these miRs might be good biomarkers for cardiac injury.

Endogenous mRNA-Driven "One-To-More" Signal Amplification of DNA Probe for Intracellular miR155 Sensing.

The detection of specific intracellular microRNAs could be potentially helpful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis and invasion. MiRNAs are usually present in lower expression levels, especially in early stage of cancer. Here, we proposed a "one-to-more" amplification strategy for miRNA imaging, by virtue of DNA strand displacements with dual-amplification. This approach involves leveraging high-abundance endogenous mRNA as fuel strand to drive cascade reactions between DNA strands for amplification, enabling the monitoring of low-abundance intracellular microRNA155. Notably, in comparison to the traditional "one-to-one" signal triggering mode, our "one-to-more" amplification strategy led to a remarkable 11.8-fold increase in fluorescence signal. Our approach not only demonstrates a high sensitivity and specificity in detecting miR155, but also allows for discrimination of miR155 expression levels in different cell lines. With the advantages of intracellular signal amplification and reduced background signal, this approach holds substantial potential in the early diagnosis of cancer.

Correlations Between the Expression of MicroRNA-155 and Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 in Colonic Mucosal Tissue and Disease Severity in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis

Objective To explore the relationship between the expression levels of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) in the colonic mucosal tissue of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and the severity of the disease.Methods A total of 130 UC patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from September 2021 to June 2023 were selected.According to the modified Mayo score system,the patients were assigned into an active stage group (n=85) and a remission stage group (n=45).According to the modified Truelove and Witts classification criteria,the UC patients at the active stage were assigned into a mild group (n=35),a moderate group (n=30),and a severe group (n=20).A total of 90 healthy individuals who underwent colonoscopy for physical examination or those who had normal colonoscopy results after single polypectomy and excluded other diseases were selected as the control group.The colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients with obvious lesions and the colonic mucosal tissue 20 cm away from the anus of the control group were collected.The levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in tissues were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SOCS1 protein in tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry.The correlations of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in the colonic mucosal tissue with the modified Mayo score of UC patients were analyzed.The values of the levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage were evaluated.Results Compared with the control group and the remission stage group,the active stage group showed up-regulated expression level of miR-155,down-regulated level of SOCS1 mRNA,and decreased positive rate of SOCS1 protein in the colonic mucosal tissue (all P<0.001).The expression level of miR-155 and modified Mayo score in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients at the active stage increased,while the mRNA level of SOCS1 was down-regulated as the disease evolved from being mild to severe (all P<0.001).The modified Mayo score was positively correlated with the miR-155 level and negative correlated with the mRNA level of SOCS1 in colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients (all P<0.001).The high miR-155 level (OR=2.762,95%CI=1.284-5.944,P=0.009),low mRNA level of SOCS1 (OR=2.617,95%CI=1.302-5.258,P=0.007),and modified Mayo score≥12 points (OR=3.232,95%CI=1.450-7.204,P=0.004) were all risk factors for severe disease in the UC patients at the active stage.The area under curve of miR-155 combined with SOCS1 mRNA in predicting severe illness in the UC patients at the active stage was 0.920.Conclusions The expression levels of miR-155 and SOCS1 mRNA were correlated with the disease severity in the UC patients at the active stage.The combination of the two indicators demonstrates good performance in predicting the occurrence of severe illness in UC patients at the active stage.

Circulating miR-16 and miR-21 Levels in Multiple Myeloma: Prognostic Significance of Survival and Response to Lenalidomide Treatment.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR-16 and miR-21, play a crucial role in multiple myeloma (MM) pathogenesis by regulating gene expression. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of circulating miR-16 and miR-21 expression levels in 48 patients with MM at diagnosis treated with lenalidomide-dexamethasone (LD) compared with 15 healthy individuals (HI). All patients were treated with LD, 13 at first line and 35 at relapse, of whom 21 were tested twice at diagnosis and before LD initiation. The results revealed significantly lower levels of miR-16 and miR-21 in patients than in HIs, both at diagnosis and relapse, with decreased miR-16 levels at diagnosis, indicating improved overall survival (OS) (p value 0.024). Furthermore, miR-16 and miR-21 levels were associated with disease markers, while both correlated with the depth of response and mir-16 with sustained response to LD treatment. Ratios of both miR-16 and miR-21 expression levels (prior to LD treatment/diagnosis) below two predicted a shorter time to response (p = 0.027) and a longer time to next treatment (p = 0.042), respectively. These findings suggested a prognostic value for serum miR-16 and miR-21 levels in MM, as their expression levels correlated with disease variables and treatment outcomes.

MicroRNA‑223 overexpression suppresses protein kinase C ε expression in human leukemia stem cell‑like KG‑1a cells.

MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is dysregulated in various cancer types, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite this, there has been a lack of studies exploring the role of miR-223 in leukemic stem cells, particularly those involved in drug resistance, a major cause of chemotherapy failure in AML. The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of miR-223 on drug resistance in the leukemic stem-cell line, KG-1a. Two AML cell lines, KG-1 and KG-1a, differing in the proportion of CD34+CD38- cells, were assessed for doxorubicin (DOX) sensitivity using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression levels of miR-223 and protein kinase C ε (PKCε) were evaluated via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The association between miR-223 and its target, PKCε, was confirmed by luciferase activity assay. The effects of miR-223 overexpression and PKCε inhibition were also evaluated in KG-1a cells using miR-223 mimic and small interfering (si)RNA transfection, respectively. Daunorubicin was then used to assess drug sensitivity in the siRNA-transfected KG-1a cells. Compared with KG-1 cells, KG-1a cells displayed greater resistance to DOX, and had increased PKCε levels and decreased miR-223 expression. Overexpression of miR-223 led to PKCε protein downregulation in KG-1a cells, which was further confirmed by a luciferase assay demonstrating miR-223 targeting of PKCε. However, despite these effects, miR-223 overexpression and PKCε inhibition did not change drug sensitivity in KG-1a cells compared with negative control cells. In summary, the present study demonstrated that miR-223 could target and silence PKCε expression in KG-1a cells; however, the chemoresistance of KG-1a cells to anthracycline drugs may not be directly associated with the low expression of miR-223.

Correlation between miR-210 and serum levels of GGT, ALP and AST in patients with choledocholithiasis.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between miR-210 and serum GGT, ALP and AST levels in patients with choledocholithiasis. The clinical data of 82 patients with biliary stones admitted to the hospital from May 2020 to May 2022 were collected and divided into observation group (n=40) and control group (n=42) according to whether asymptomatic combined. The relative expression level of miR-210 was measured by RT-PCR, serum GGT, ALP, and AST by rate method, and the correlation of miR-210 expression level with serum GGT, ALP, AST and the diagnostic value for choledochal stones was analyzed. The relative expression of serum GGT, ALP, AST and miR-210 were all higher than the control group (P <0.05); the relative expression level of miR-210 and serum GGT, ALP and AST, 0.756, 0.832, 0.326, r = P <0.05), 0.782, 0.776, 0.681, 0.568, respectively. Serum miR-210 level was upregulated in patients with choledocholithiasis, and its expression was positively correlated with serum GGT, ALP, and AST, which can be used for early auxiliary diagnosis of choledocholithiasis.

Combination of FOLFOXIRI Drugs with Oncolytic Coxsackie B3 Virus PD-H Synergistically Induces Oncolysis in the Refractory Colorectal Cancer Cell Line Colo320.

FOLFOXIRI chemotherapy is a first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), yet its therapeutic efficacy remains limited. Immunostimulatory therapies like oncolytic viruses can complement chemotherapies by fostering the infiltration of the tumor by immune cells and enhancing drug cytotoxicity. In this study, we explored the effect of combining the FOLFOXIRI chemotherapeutic agents with the oncolytic coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) PD-H in the CRC cell line Colo320. Additionally, we examined the impact of the drugs on the expression of microRNAs (miRs), which could be used to increase the safety of oncolytic CVB3 containing corresponding miR target sites (miR-TS). The measurement of cytotoxic activity using the Chou-Talalay combination index approach revealed that PD-H synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic activity of oxaliplatin (OX), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and SN-38. PD-H replication was not affected by OX and SN-38 but inhibited by high concentrations of 5-FU. MiR expression levels were not or only slightly elevated by the drugs or with drug/PD-H combinations on Colo320 cells. Moreover, the drug treatment did not increase the mutation rate of the miR-TS inserted into the PD-H genome. The results demonstrate that the combination of FOLFOXIRI drugs and PD-H may be a promising approach to enhance the therapeutic effect of FOLFOXIRI therapy in CRC.

MiR-214-PTEN pathway is a potential mechanism for stress-induced immunosuppression affecting chicken immune response to avian influenza virus vaccine

Stress-induced immunosuppression (SIIS) is one of common problems in the intensive poultry industry, affecting the effect of vaccine immunization and leading to high incidences of diseases. In this study, the expression characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of miR-214 in the processes of SIIS and its influence on the immune response to avian influenza virus (AIV) vaccine in chicken were explored. The qRT-PCR results showed that serum circulating miR-214 was significantly differentially expressed (especially on 2, 5, and 28 days post immunization (dpi)) in the processes, so had the potential as a molecular marker. MiR-214 expressions from multiple tissues were closely associated with the changes in circulating miR-214 expression levels. MiR-214-PTEN regulatory network was a potential key regulatory mechanism for the heart, bursa of Fabricius, and glandular stomach to participate in the process of SIIS affecting AIV immune response. This study can provide references for further understanding of stress affecting immune response.

Expression level of non-coding (MiR-155) gene as biomarker for severity of Coronaviruses infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated Iraqi patients.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, including miR-155, which affects immune cell and virus functions and laboratory biomarkers. T0 evaluates miR-155's role as a biomarker for SARS-CoV-2 detection and monitoring, examining its significance in identifying infection in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals using ROC curve analysis. Blood samples were collected from 70patients who attended Medical City Hospital in Baghdad from June 2022 to April 2023 and were determined to be associated with SARS-CoV-2 (35 patients were hospitalized at the Intensive Care Units due to the severity of their symptoms while the other 35 were left hospital upon treatment.). Additionally, 35samples were collected as a healthy control group. The expression level of miR-155 in the serum of samples showed a high level (fold change: 9.81 ± 5.50) in the severe patients' group in comparison with the moderate patients' group (fold change: 4.17 ± 2.93) and healthy group (fold change: 1.08± 0.01). To assess the performance of miR-155 and laboratory biomarkers, a (ROC) curve was utilized to determine the sensitivity and specificity. The miR-155 gene, overexpressed in SARS-CoV-2 patients, correlates with disease activity and severity, potentially serving as a biomarker for diagnosis and a potential therapeutic target.